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Ghouili H, Dridi A, Ouerghi N, Ben Aissa M, Bouassida A, Guelmami N, Sortwell A, Branquinho L, Forte P, Dergaa I. Normative reference and cut-offs values of maximal aerobic speed-20 m shuttle run test and maximal oxygen uptake for Tunisian adolescent (elite) soccer players. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20842. [PMID: 37886771 PMCID: PMC10597831 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop reference curves of aerobic parameters of 20 m shuttle run test for Tunisian soccer players. The study was conducted in the 2022/2023 pre-season. The reference curves of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) and the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were developed according to the Lambda, Mu and Sigma (LMS) method, using data from 742 Tunisian premier league soccer players aged 11-18 years. Measured variables included: weight, height, body mass index and maximal heart rate (HRmax). HRmax was measured when the participants completed the maximal aerobic speed. VO2max was estimated using the 20 m shuttle run test protocol (speed increment every minute). Our results presented the smoothed percentiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th) of MAS (km/h) and VO2max (ml/kg•min⁻1) according to age. In addition, raw data showed that VO2 max was positively correlated with age (r = 0.333; P < 0.001), height (cm) (r = 0.279; P < 0.001), weight (kg) (r = 0.266; P < 0.001), practice period (years) (r = 0.324; P < 0.001) and BMI (kg/m2) (r = 0.10; P < 0.05). However, it was negatively correlated to HRmax (bpm) (r = -0.247; P < 0.001). Only the measurements within the age group [12-12.99] are significantly higher (p < 0.001; ES = 0.63) compared with the previous age group [11-11.99]. Finally, regarding prevalence, our findings showed that 15.5 % of the players in our sample had VO2max values above the 87.7th percentile cut-off, while only 0.3 % exceeded the 99.18th percentile. The development of normative curves could help coaches and physical trainers to more accurately detect weaknesses in the aerobic performance of their players in order to sustain high-intensity repetitive actions during a soccer match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Ghouili
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Amel Dridi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Aissa
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Andrew Sortwell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luís Branquinho
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sports, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, And Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Sagat P, Štefan L, Petrić V, Štemberger V, Blažević I. Normative values of cardiorespiratory fitness in Croatian children and adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284410. [PMID: 37093827 PMCID: PMC10124836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although defining normative values of cardiorespiratory fitness have been the topic of many Western societies, little evidence has been provided for less developed countries like Croatia. Since cardiorespiratory fitness rapidly declines in Croatian children and adolescents, the newly established normative values would help health-related professionals and physical education teachers to detect 'talented' groups and direct them towards sport and 'risky' groups for planning special interventions. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to determine normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness. A total of 1,612 children and adolescents aged 7-14 years (mean±SD; age 9.7±2.4 years; stature 151.0±17.6 cm; body mass 45.1±19.1 kg; 52.5% girls) participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test and the performance was expressed as the number of stages. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by equations. Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. Boys outperformed girls in the maximal number of levels achieved after the 20-m shuttle run test and in the VO2max values at each age category. In boys, a gradually higher level of performance between ages 11 and 14 was observed, while in girls the values started to rise after the age of 8. Our study provides one of the first sex- and age-specific normative values for cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test in Croatian children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagat
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vilko Petrić
- Department of Educational Studies, Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vesna Štemberger
- Department of Primary Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Blažević
- Department of Primary Teacher Education, Faculty of Educational Science, University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
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Fan C, Sun R, Nie M, Wang M, Yao Z, Feng Q, Xu W, Yuan R, Gao Z, Cheng Q, Wang J. The Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet at altitudes over 3,500 meters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256258. [PMID: 34411164 PMCID: PMC8375997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is the core element of health-related physical fitness evaluation. High pressure and low oxygen in Tibet (over 3,500 m above sea level) may negatively impact the residents' CRF. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT) is the most popular field-based assessment and estimate of CRF in children and adolescents worldwide. However, normative CRF data for the children and adolescents residing in China's plateau region are unavailable, which prevents comparability among those living at high-altitudes around the world. PURPOSE To measure the CRF of Chinese children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet at altitudes exceeding 3,500 m, and to identify correlations between this metric and demographic characteristics (age, sex, and ethnicity). These data were then compared with those generated in the lowland (Shanghai, China) and various global regions. METHODS 20mSRT performance (number of completed laps) and predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were used as indicators of CRF. We measured the CRF of 1,717 healthy children and adolescents aged 9-18 years living in Tibet. The CRF data from school-age subjects in Shanghai (2,437 boys and 2,396 girls) and worldwide (1,142,026 students from 50 countries/regions in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) were collated from published papers. RESULTS The average CRF of the participants from Tibet was 39.8 mL/kg/min. The male subjects (n = 876; 41.1 ± 4.42 mL/kg/min) had a higher average CRF than their female counterparts (n = 841; 37.8 ± 5.40 mL/kg/min). CRF decreased with age in both sexes at statistical significance (F = 1249.9, p for trend 0.05). The indigenous Tibetans (n = 1289; 40.1 ± 3.71 mL/kg/min) had a significant higher average CRF than those of Han descent (n = 394; 38.9 ± 4.70 mL/kg/min) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents aged 7-18 years residing above 3,500 m in Tibet displayed lower CRF traits compared with their counterparts from the plains area and other high altitude places. CRF varied according to age, sex, and ethnic group. Given the importance of CRF in children and adolescents, effective intervention strategies should be implemented to improve CRF in children and adolescents on the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Fan
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Ruizhe Sun
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Mingjian Nie
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sport University, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Physical Fitness Research Center, Tibet Institute of Sport Science, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Runzi Yuan
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongfang Gao
- College of Physical Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaorui Cheng
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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Cohen DD, Sandercock GR, Camacho PA, Otero-Wandurraga J, Romero SMP, Marín RDPM, Sierra CAV, Carreño J, Moran J, Lopez-Jaramillo P. The SIMAC study: A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of resistance training and aerobic training on the fitness and body composition of Colombian adolescents. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248110. [PMID: 33878107 PMCID: PMC8057582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body composition, of replacing the physical education (PE) class of Colombian adolescents with resistance or aerobic training. 120 tanner stage 3 adolescents attending a state school were randomized to resistance training, aerobic training, or a control group who continued to attend a weekly 2- hour PE class for 16 weeks. The resistance training and aerobic training groups participated in twice weekly supervised after-school exercise sessions of < 1 hour instead of their PE class. Sum of skinfolds, lean body mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscular strength (6 repetition maximum (RM)) bench press, lateral pulldown and leg press) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (multistage 20 meter shuttle run) were assessed at pre and post intervention. Complete data were available for n = 40 of the resistance training group, n = 40 of the aerobic training group and n = 30 PE (controls). Resistance training attenuated increases in sum of skinfolds compared with controls (d = 0.27, [0.09-0.36]). We found no significant effect on lean body mass. Resistance training produced a positive effect on muscle strength compared with both controls (d = 0.66 [.49-.86]) and aerobic training (d = 0.55[0.28-0.67]). There was a positive effect of resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness compared with controls (d = 0.04 [-0.10-0.12]) but not compared with aerobic training (d = 0.24 [0.10-0.36]). Replacing a 2-hour PE class with two 1 hour resistance training sessions attenuated gains in subcutaneous adiposity, and enhanced muscle strength and aerobic fitness development in Colombian youth, based on a median attendance of approximately 1 session a week. Further research to assess whether adequate stimuli for the development of muscular fitness exists within current physical education provision is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Sports Science Center (CCD), Colombian Ministry of Sport (Mindeporte), Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Johanna Otero-Wandurraga
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Javier Carreño
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jason Moran
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Masira Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Fundación Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL), Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Morrison SA, Sember V, Leskošek B, Kovač M, Jurak G, Starc G. Assessment of Secular Trends and Health Risk in Pediatric Cardiorespiratory Fitness From the Republic of Slovenia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:644781. [PMID: 33762971 PMCID: PMC7982523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.644781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Determine the temporal trends in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health risk of Slovenian schoolchildren across a 20-year span, assessed via 20-m shuttle run (20mSRT), including defining centile ranges and possible health risk(s) for each generation. Methods Nationally representative data from 9,426 healthy schoolchildren (6–14 years old) were used to determine changes in CRF across three generations, in 1993 (n = 3,174), 2003 (n = 3,457) and 2013 (n = 2,795) from a multistage, stratified, decennial study. Results 20mSRT performance declined ∼2.8% from 1993 to 2003, independent of age or sex of the child. This trend was reversed in 2013, increasing by ∼8.2% across all age groups, for both girls and boys, for a net increase of 5.4%. The magnitude of improvement was similar for both sexes. Moreover, girls in the 2013 generation (for ages 10–13 year) completed more stages than their 2003 male counterparts. Across all generations, children achieved CRF values corresponding to low cardiovascular risk for future health outcomes. Centile values ranged from “low” to “very high” depending on age, sex, and generation of the sample. Conclusion Negative trends in CRF from Slovenian schoolchildren were reversed by 2013, indicating that Slovenia should continue implementing progressive national physical fitness strategies introduced between sampling periods (i.e., 2003–2013). Additionally, due to the universal nature of Slovenian schoolchildren achieving “healthy cut-off values” for 20mSRT (generation-inclusive), it is suggested that more specific cut-off criteria are developed, especially for younger children, and girls, so that future CRF results can be more accurately applied for both clinical and pedagogical users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Leskošek
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Kovač
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Starc
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Duperly J, Serrato M, Forero NI, Jimenez-Mora MA, Mendivil CO, Lobelo F. Validation of Maximal, Submaximal, and Nonexercise Indirect [Formula: see text]O 2max Estimations at 2600 m Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:135-143. [PMID: 32069437 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To study the criterion validity of three indirect maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) assessment equations at altitude. Methods: We studied 64 young adults (53% men) at Bogota, Colombia (2600 m altitude). Direct [Formula: see text]O2max was measured by indirect calorimetry using a maximal incremental treadmill protocol. Indirect [Formula: see text]O2max was estimated by two exercise field tests (the 20-m shuttle-run test [20-MST] and the 2-km walking test (UKK)) and one nonexercise method (the perceived functional ability-physical activity rating questionnaire [PFA-PAR]). Altitude-adjusted PFA-PAR was estimated as a 13% linear reduction in PFA-PAR. We calculated Lin concordance coefficients (LCC) and standard error of the estimates (SEEs), and we performed Bland-Altman analyses for each indirect method. Results: Mean [Formula: see text]O2max was 41.2 ± 5.8 mL/kg/min in men and 32.2 ± 3.6 mL/kg/min in women. We found the highest agreement with direct [Formula: see text]O2max for the 20-MST (LCC = 0.79, SEE = 3.91 mL/kg/min), followed in order by the altitude-adjusted PFA-PAR (LCC = 0.71, SEE = 4.12 mL/kg/min), the UKK (LCC = 0.67, SEE = 5.48 mL/kg/min), and the unadjusted PFA-PAR (LCC = 0.57, SEE = 4.75 mL/kg/min). The unadjusted PFA-PAR tended to overestimate [Formula: see text]O2max, but Bland-Altman analysis showed that this bias disappeared after altitude adjustment. Conclusion: Several maximal, submaximal, and nonexercise methods provide estimates of [Formula: see text]O2max with acceptable validity for use in epidemiological studies of populations living at moderate altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Duperly
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Exercise Medicine and Rehabilitation, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Serrato
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Ministerio del Deporte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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The 20-m Shuttle Run: Assessment and Interpretation of Data in Relation to Youth Aerobic Fitness and Health. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:152-163. [PMID: 30885058 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a good summative measure of the body's ability to perform continuous, rhythmic, dynamic, large-muscle group physical activity, and exercise. In children, CRF is meaningfully associated with health, independent of physical activity levels, and it is an important determinant of sports and athletic performance. Although gas-analyzed peak oxygen uptake is the criterion physiological measure of children's CRF, it is not practical for population-based testing. Field testing offers a simple, cheap, practical alternative to gas analysis. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT)-a progressive aerobic exercise test involving continuous running between 2 lines 20 m apart in time to audio signals-is probably the most widely used field test of CRF. This review aims to clarify the international utility of the 20mSRT by synthesizing the evidence describing measurement variability, validity, reliability, feasibility, and the interpretation of results, as well as to provide future directions for international surveillance. The authors show that the 20mSRT is an acceptable, feasible, and scalable measure of CRF and functional/exercise capacity, and that it has moderate criterion validity and high to very high reliability. The assessment is pragmatic, easily interpreted, and results are transferable to meaningful and understandable situations. The authors recommend that CRF, assessed by the 20mSRT, be considered as an international population health surveillance measure to provide additional insight into pediatric population health.
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Oriol-Granado X, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Association between bullying victimization and physical fitness among children and adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19:134-140. [PMID: 31193131 PMCID: PMC6517651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between being bullied and the physical fitness components, and to determine whether a healthy physical fitness level is related with lower victimization in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. METHOD The present cross-sectional study included a total of 7,714 youths (9-17 years), categorized as normal-weight or overweight/obese and fit or unfit according to sex-specific handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) cut-points. Bullying (physical, verbal, social exclusion, sexual harassment, and cyberbullying) was assessed through the Standard Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey questions. RESULTS Boys and girls that were categorized as fit (healthy level of CRF) showed lower traditional bullying compared to unfit counterparts. Also, a healthy level of CRF could be a protective factor of traditional bullying among overweight/obese youths compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. CONCLUSIONS CRF is related with lower risk for experiencing traditional bullying in Latino youths with and without obesity, thus emphasizing the role of fitness even among youth with excess of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Mintjens S, Menting MD, Daams JG, van Poppel MNM, Roseboom TJ, Gemke RJBJ. Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence Affects Future Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Sports Med 2019; 48:2577-2605. [PMID: 30144022 PMCID: PMC6182463 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in childhood and adolescence may be linked to future cardiovascular health, there is currently limited evidence for a longitudinal association. OBJECTIVES To provide a systematic review on the prospective association between CRF in childhood and adolescence and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at least 2 years later. METHODS Using a systematic search of Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, relevant articles were identified by the following criteria: generally healthy children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age with CRF assessed at baseline, and a follow-up period of ≥ 2 years. The outcome measures were CVD risk factors. We appraised quality of the included articles with STROBE and QUIPS checklists. RESULTS After screening 7524 titles and abstracts, we included 38 articles, assessing 44,169 children and adolescents followed up for a median of 6 years. Eleven articles were of high quality. There was considerable heterogeneity in methodology, measurement of CRF, and outcomes, which hampered meta-analysis. In approximately half of the included articles higher CRF in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fatness and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in later life. No associations between CRF in childhood and adolescence and future waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose homeostasis were observed. CONCLUSION Although about half of the included articles reported inverse associations between CRF in childhood and adolescence and future BMI, body fatness, and metabolic syndrome, evidence for other CVD risk factors was unconvincing. Many articles did not account for important confounding factors such as adiposity. Recommendations for future research include standardizing the measurement of CRF, i.e. by reporting VO2max, using standardized outcome assessments, and performing individual patient data meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Mintjens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Room KTC 4-021, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Malou D Menting
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G Daams
- Medical Library AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille N M van Poppel
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Mozartgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud J B J Gemke
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Room KTC 4-021, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pulido-Arjona L, Correa-Bautista JE, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos R, Correa-Rodríguez M, Garcia-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R. Role of sleep duration and sleep-related problems in the metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:9. [PMID: 29334985 PMCID: PMC5769404 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition that sleep is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between self-reported sleep duration, sleep-related problems and the presence of MetS in children and adolescents from Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis from the FUPRECOL study (2014-15). Participants included 2779 (54.2% girls) youth from Bogota (Colombia). MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], hypertension, and increased waist circumference) according to the criteria of de Ferranti/Magge and colleges. Self-reported sleep duration and sleep-related problems were assessed with the BEARS questionnaire. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that boys who meet recommended duration of sleep had a decreased risk of elevated blood glucose levels (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95%CI [0.40-0.94]; p = 0.031) compared to boys who have short-long sleep duration. Also, compared to young without sleep problems, excessive sleepiness during the day was related to low HDL-c levels in boys (OR = 1.36, 95%CI [1.02-1.83]; p = 0.036) and high triglyceride levels in girls (OR = 1.28, 95%CI [1.01-1.63]; p = 0.045). Girls with irregular sleep patterns had decreased HDL-c levels (OR = 0.71, 95%CI [0.55-0.91]; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Recommended sleep duration was associated with a decreased risk of elevated fasting glucose levels in boys, and sleep problems was related to lower HDL-c in girls and higher triglyceride levels in boys. These findings suggested the clinical importance of improving sleep hygiene to reduce metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pulido-Arjona
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | | | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos R, Correa-Bautista JE, Amaya-Tambo DC, Villa-González E. Cycling to School and Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2017; 188:57-63. [PMID: 28651798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between cycling to/from school and body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome among a sample of Colombian children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN During the 2014-2015 school year, we examined a cross-sectional component of the Association for muscular strength with early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Colombian children and adolescents (FUPRECOL) study. Participants included 2877 youths (54.5% girls) from Bogota, Colombia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure the frequency and mode of commuting to school. Four components of physical fitness were measured: (1) anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference); (2) musculoskeletal (handgrip and standing long jump test); (3) motor (speed-agility test; 4 × 10-meter shuttle run); and (4) cardiorespiratory (20-m shuttle run test [20mSRT]). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by the definitions provided by the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS Twenty-three percent of the sample reported commuting by cycle. Active commuting boys had a likelihood of having an unhealthy 4 × 10 m value (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98; P = .038) compared with the reference group (passive commuters). Active commuting girls showed a lower likelihood of having unhealthy a 20mSRT value (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .047) and metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35-0.99; P = .048) compared with passive commuters. CONCLUSION Regular cycling to school may to be associated with better physical fitness and a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than passive transport, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Science, University of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deisy Constanza Amaya-Tambo
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Silva-Moreno C, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Prieto-Benavides DH, Villa-González E, García-Hermoso A. Self-Rated Health Status and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in a Sample of Schoolchildren from Bogotá, Colombia. The FUPRECOL Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E952. [PMID: 28832546 PMCID: PMC5615489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14090952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the relationship between Self-Rated Health (SRH) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in a sample of children and adolescents enrolled in official schools in Bogotá, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was performed with 7402 children and adolescents between 9 and 17 years of age. Participants were asked to rate their health based on eight validated questions, addressing the participants propensity for headache, stomach-ache, backache, feeling-low, irritability/bad mood, nervousness, sleeping-difficulties, and dizziness. The choices were "rarely or never", "almost every month", "almost every week", and "more than once a week/about every day". Participants performed the international course-navette shuttle run test to estimate CRF, and cut-off points for age and gender were used to categorize the healthy/unhealthy fitness zone according to the FITNESSGRAM® criteria. Overall, 16.4% of those surveyed reported a perception of irritability/bad mood "more than once a week/about every day", followed by feeling-low and nervousness (both with 9.9%). Dizziness had the lowest prevalence with a percentage of 6.9%. Unhealthy CRF in boys increased the likelihood of headaches by 1.20 times, stomach aches by 1.31 times, feeling-low by 1.29 times, nervousness by 1.24 times, and dizziness by 1.29 times. In girls, unhealthy CRF increased the likelihood of headaches by 1.19 times, backache by 1.26 times, feeling-low by 1.28 times, irritability/bad mood by 1.17 times, sleeping-difficulties by 1.20 times, and dizziness by 1.27 times. SRH was associated with CRF in both genders. Early identification of children and adolescents with low CRF levels will permit interventions to promote healthy behaviors and prevent future diseases during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Silva-Moreno
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavides
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC 110231, Colombia.
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, USACH, Santiago 9160030, Chile.
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13
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos RM, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Adiposity as a full mediator of the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:525-533. [PMID: 28511902 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies in the paediatric population have shown inconsistent associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation independently of adiposity. The purpose of this study was (i) to analyse the combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and (ii) to determine whether adiposity acts as a mediator on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 935 (54.7% girls) healthy children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. The 20 m shuttle run test was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. We assessed the following adiposity parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass index and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. High sensitivity assays were used to obtain hs-CRP. Linear regression models were fitted for mediation analyses examined whether the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP was mediated by each of adiposity parameters according to Baron and Kenny procedures. Lower levels of hs-CRP were associated with the best schoolchildren profiles (high cardiorespiratory fitness + low adiposity) (p for trend <0.001 in the four adiposity parameters), compared with unfit and overweight (low cardiorespiratory fitness + high adiposity) counterparts. Linear regression models suggest a full mediation of adiposity on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings seem to emphasize the importance of obesity prevention in childhood, suggesting that having high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may not counteract the negative consequences ascribed to adiposity on hs-CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.
| | - C Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - R M Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - J E Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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14
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Piñeros-Álvarez CA, Giraldo LI, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Cristi-Montero C. Aerobic capacity and future cardiovascular risk in Indian community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:28. [PMID: 28270174 PMCID: PMC5341371 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies indicates that children’s aerobic capacity levels are predictors of the future risk of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the proportion of subjects whose aerobic capacity is indicative of future cardiovascular risk in Indian-Nasa community from a low-income area in Cauca, Colombia. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of morphological component (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and body fat percent [BF%]), and the cardiorespiratory component (course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption by indirect VO2max) from 576 participants (319 boys and 257 girls) aged 10 to 17.9 years, using the standardized FUPRECOL test battery. Results We showed that the boys performed better than the girls in cardiorespiratory fitness. The proportion of subjects with an aerobic capacity indicative of future cardiovascular risk was 7.3%. By sex, 3.8% of boys and 11.7% of girls (X2p = 0.001) displayed an unhealthy aerobic capacity in this study. Conclusion The findings of this study that provide the first data on aerobic capacity health for Colombian Nasa Indian children and adolescents aged 10–17.9 years. Although the known loss of aerobic capacity is a serious consequence of the future risk of non-communicable diseases, the deterioration of physical fitness deserves increased attention among indigenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, 111221, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, DC, 111221, Colombia
| | - Jeison Alexander Ramos-Sepúlveda
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Carlos Andrés Piñeros-Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Lorena Isabel Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Ramírez‐Vélez R, Palacios‐López A, Humberto Prieto‐Benavides D, Enrique Correa‐Bautista J, Izquierdo M, Alonso‐Martínez A, Lobelo F. Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle-run test in a population-based sample of school-aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29:e22902. [PMID: 27500986 PMCID: PMC5298048 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS A total of 7244 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (55.7% girls; age range of 9-17.9 years) participated in this study. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak ). Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. In addition, we present the prevalence of low CRF after applying a correction factor to account for the impact of Bogota's altitude (2625 m over sea level) on CRF assessment, and we calculated the number of participants who fell below health-related FITNESSGRAM cut-points for low CRF. RESULTS Shuttles and V˙O2peak were higher in boys than in girls in all age groups. In boys, there were higher levels of performance with increasing age, with most gains between the ages of 13 and 17. The proportion of subjects with a low CRF, suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk (health risk FITNESSGRAM category) was 31.5% (28.2% for boys and 34.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). After applying a 1.11 altitude correction factor, the overall prevalence of low CRF was 11.5% (9.6% for boys and 13.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide sex- and age-specific normative reference standards for the 20 m shuttle-run test and estimated V˙O2peak values in a large, population-based sample of schoolchildren from a large Latin-American city at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Adalberto Palacios‐López
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto‐Benavides
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa‐Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo TomásBogotáD.CColombia
- Department of Health SciencesPublic University of NavarraNavarraSpain
| | | | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global HealthRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
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Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista JE, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. Physical fitness and anthropometric normative values among Colombian-Indian schoolchildren. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:962. [PMID: 27619491 PMCID: PMC5020445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence indicates that children’s physical fitness levels are markers of their lifestyles and their cardio-metabolic health profile and are predictors of the future risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiometabolic disease, skeletal health and mental health. However, fitness reference values for ethnic children and adolescents have not been published in a Latin-American population. Therefore, the aim of the study was to provide sex- and age-specific physical fitness and anthropometric reference standards among Colombian-Indian schoolchildren. Methods A sample of 576 participants (319 boys and 257 girls) aged 10 to 17 years old was assessed using the FUPRECOL test battery. Four components of physical fitness were measured: 1) morphological component: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, and body fat (%); 2) musculoskeletal component: handgrip and standing long jump test; 3) motor component: speed/agility test (4 × 10 m shuttle run); and 4) cardiorespiratory component: course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption by VO2max indirect. Centile smoothed curves for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentiles were calculated using Cole’s LMS method. Results Our results show that weight, height and BMI in each age group were higher in boys than in girls. In each groups, age showed a significant effect for BMI and WC. Boys showed better than girls in cardiorespiratory fitness, lower- and upper-limb strength and speed/agility and girls performed better in low back flexibility. Conclusion Our results provide for the first time sex- and age-specific physical fitness and anthropometric reference values for Colombian Nasa Indian children and adolescents aged 10–17.9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeison Alexander Ramos-Sepúlveda
- Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía, Licenciatura en Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Institución Universitaria Antonio Jose Camacho, Cali, Colombia.,Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones, Maestría en Ciencias y Tecnologías del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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