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Czwartos J, Dobosz B, Kasprzycka W, Osuchowska PN, Stępińska M, Trafny EA, Starzyński J, Mierczyk Z. Preliminary Study on the Effect of a Single High-Energy Electromagnetic Pulse on Morphology and Free Radical Generation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087246. [PMID: 37108409 PMCID: PMC10139018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses on human health, and especially on forming free radicals in human cells, is the subject of continuous research and ongoing discussion. This work presents a preliminary study on the effect of a single high-energy electromagnetic pulse on morphology, viability, and free radical generation in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The cells were exposed to a single electromagnetic pulse with an electric field magnitude of ~1 MV/m and a pulse duration of ~120 ns generated from a 600 kV Marx generator. The cell viability and morphology at 2 h and 24 h after exposure were examined using confocal fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The number of free radicals was investigated with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The microscopic observations and EPR measurements showed that the exposure to the high-energy electromagnetic pulse influenced neither the number of free radicals generated nor the morphology of hMSC in vitro compared to control samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czwartos
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Dobosz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Natalia Osuchowska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stępińska
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Starzyński
- Faculty of Electronical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Vasta R, Callegaro S, Grassano M, Canosa A, Cabras S, Di Pede F, Matteoni E, De Mattei F, Casale F, Salamone P, Mazzini L, De Marchi F, Moglia C, Calvo A, Chiò A, Manera U. Exposure to electromagnetic fields does not modify neither the age of onset nor the disease progression in ALS patients. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022; 24:343-346. [PMID: 36367329 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2142800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Being exposed to electromagnetic fields has been suggested to increase the risk of developing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Here, we investigated the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on ALS onset age and progression rate (ΔALSFRS-r). A large cohort of ALS patients (n = 1098) was geolocalized at the time of their diagnosis. Concomitantly, data on the distribution of power lines and repeater antennas (extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields) during the same period were retrieved. Exposure to each repeater antenna was calculated as the sum of 1/(distance from each antenna)^2. Exposure to power lines was calculated assuming each patient's address as the center of several circles of variable radius (100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 m). For each radius, the exposure was calculated as the length of the power lines included in the circle. Finally, patients were divided into low- and high-exposed based on the median of the exposure and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. A regression model (one for each radius) was also performed. Neither the onset age nor the ΔALSFRS-r differed among patients' low- and high-exposed to electromagnetic fields. Similarly, we could not find any significant relationship using the regression models. Our findings suggest that electromagnetic fields do not modify the ALS phenotype or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vasta
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Callegaro
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Sara Cabras
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Pede
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteoni
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Filippo De Mattei
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolina Salamone
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, and University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, and University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, and
| | - Umberto Manera
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
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3
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Chen GX, Mannetje A', Douwes J, van den Berg LH, Pearce N, Kromhout H, Glass B, Brewer N, McLean DJ. Associations of Occupational Exposures to Electric Shocks and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields With Motor Neurone Disease. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:393-402. [PMID: 33034341 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a New Zealand population-based case-control study we assessed associations with occupational exposure to electric shocks, extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and motor neurone disease using job-exposure matrices to assess exposure. Participants were recruited between 2013 and 2016. Associations with ever/never, duration, and cumulative exposure were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports, head or spine injury, and solvents, and was mutually adjusted for the other exposure. All analyses were repeated stratified by sex. An elevated risk was observed for having ever worked in a job with potential for electric shocks (odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98, 1.86), with the strongest association for the highest level of exposure (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.09). Analysis by duration suggested a nonlinear association: Risk was increased for both short duration (<3 years; OR = 4.69, 95% CI: 2.25, 9.77) and long duration (>24 years; OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.05, 3.36) in a job with high level of electric shock exposure, with less pronounced associations for intermediate durations. No association with ELF-MF was found. Our findings provide support for an association between occupational exposure to electric shocks and motor neurone disease but did not show associations with exposure to work-related ELF-MF.
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Riancho J, Sanchez de la Torre JR, Paz-Fajardo L, Limia C, Santurtun A, Cifra M, Kourtidis K, Fdez-Arroyabe P. The role of magnetic fields in neurodegenerative diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:107-117. [PMID: 32198562 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The term neurodegenerative diseases include a long list of diseases affecting the nervous system that are characterized by the degeneration of different neurological structures. Among them, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are the most representative ones. The vast majority of cases are sporadic and results from the interaction of genes and environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among environmental conditions, electromagnetic field exposure has begun to be assessed as a potential risk factor for neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the existing literature regarding electromagnetic fields and neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiological studies in AD, PD, and ALS have shown discordant results; thus, a clear correlation between electromagnetic exposure and neurodegeneration has not been demonstrated. In addition, we discuss the role of electromagnetic radiation as a potential non-invasive therapeutic strategy for some neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Riancho
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL, Barrio Ganzo s/n, 39300, Torrelavega, Spain.
- CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.
- Medicine and Psychiatry Department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
| | | | - Lucía Paz-Fajardo
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Cristina Limia
- Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Ana Santurtun
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kostas Kourtidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
- Environmental and Networking Technologies and Applications Unit (ENTA), Athena Research and Innovation Center, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe
- Geography and Planning Department, Geobiomet Research Group, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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5
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Risk Factors and Emerging Therapies in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112616. [PMID: 31141951 PMCID: PMC6600314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a permanent degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. Many different genes and pathophysiological processes contribute to this disease, however its exact cause remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this heterogeneity to find effective treatments. In this review, we focus on selected environmental and genetic risk factors predisposing to ALS and highlight emerging treatments in ALS therapy. Of numerous defective genes associated with ALS, we focus on four principal genes that have been identified as definite causes of ALS: the SOD1 gene, C9orf72, TDP-43, as well as the recently identified TBK1. We also provide up-to-date information on selected environmental factors that have historically been considered as key players in ALS development and pathogenesis. In parallel to our survey of known risk factors, we also discuss emerging ALS stem cell therapies and experimental medicines currently undergoing phase II and III clinical trials.
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Peters S, Visser AE, D’Ovidio F, Beghi E, Chiò A, Logroscino G, Hardiman O, Kromhout H, Huss A, Veldink J, Vermeulen R, van den Berg LH. Associations of Electric Shock and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure With the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:796-805. [PMID: 30649156 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the associations of occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and electric shocks with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a pooled case-control study (European Multidisciplinary ALS Network Identification to Cure Motor Neurone Degeneration (Euro-MOTOR)) of data from 3 European countries. ALS patients and population-based controls were recruited in Ireland, Italy, and the Netherlands between 2010 and 2015. Lifetime occupational and lifestyle histories were obtained using structured questionnaires. We applied previously developed job exposure matrices assigning exposure levels to ELF-MF and potential for electric shocks. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by means of logistic regression for exposure to either ELF-MF or electric shocks, adjusted for age, sex, study center, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption and for the respective other exposure. Complete occupational histories and information on confounding variables were available for 1,323 clinically confirmed ALS cases and 2,704 controls. Both ever having had exposure to ELF-MF above the background level (odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.33) and ever having had potential exposure above background for electric shocks (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.43) were associated with ALS. Adjustment for the respective other exposure resulted in similar risk estimates. Heterogeneity in risks across study centers was significant for both exposures. Our findings support possible independent associations of occupational exposure to ELF-MF and electric shocks with the risk of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Peters
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne E Visser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio D’Ovidio
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS–Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Lecce, Italy
- Pia Fondazione de Culto e Religione Cardinale Giovanni Panico, Lecce, Italy
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Huss A, Peters S, Vermeulen R. Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and the risk of ALS: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bioelectromagnetics 2018; 39:156-163. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Susan Peters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; University Medical Centre Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
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8
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Consales C, Cirotti C, Filomeni G, Panatta M, Butera A, Merla C, Lopresto V, Pinto R, Marino C, Benassi B. Fifty-Hertz Magnetic Field Affects the Epigenetic Modulation of the miR-34b/c in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5698-5714. [PMID: 29039021 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) has been associated to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still undefined. Since epigenetic modulation has been recently encountered among the key events leading to neuronal degeneration, we here aimed at assessing if the control of gene expression mediated by miRNAs, namely miRs-34, has any roles in driving neuronal cell response to 50-Hz (1 mT) magnetic field in vitro. We demonstrate that ELF-MFs drive an early reduction of the expression level of miR-34b and miR-34c in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, as well as in mouse primary cortical neurons, by affecting the transcription of the common pri-miR-34. This modulation is not p53 dependent, but attributable to the hyper-methylation of the CpG island mapping within the miR-34b/c promoter. Incubation with N-acetyl-l-cysteine or glutathione ethyl-ester fails to restore miR-34b/c expression, suggesting that miRs-34 are not responsive to ELF-MF-induced oxidative stress. By contrast, we show that miRs-34 control reactive oxygen species production and affect mitochondrial oxidative stress triggered by ELF-MFs, likely by modulating mitochondria-related miR-34 targets identified by in silico analysis. We finally demonstrate that ELF-MFs alter the expression of the α-synuclein, which is specifically stimulated upon ELF-MFs exposure via both direct miR-34 targeting and oxidative stress. Altogether, our data highlight the potential of the ELF-MFs to tune redox homeostasis and epigenetic control of gene expression in vitro and shed light on the possible mechanism(s) producing detrimental effects and predisposing neurons to degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Panatta
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Butera
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Merla
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.,Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vanni Lopresto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Pinto
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Wang MD, Little J, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Krewski D. Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:101-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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D’Ovidio F, d’Errico A, Calvo A, Costa G, Chiò A. Occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: are jobs exposed to the general public at higher risk? Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:643-647. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Mathis S, Couratier P, Julian A, Vallat JM, Corcia P, Le Masson G. Management and therapeutic perspectives in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:263-276. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1227705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Muscular Unit and ALS Center, CHU de Bordeaux, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Department of Neurology, ALS center, Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Adrien Julian
- Department of Neurology, CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department and Laboratory of Neurology, Centre de Référence ‘neuropathies périphériques rares’, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Department of Neurology, ALS center, Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gwendal Le Masson
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Muscular Unit and ALS Center, CHU de Bordeaux, groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Bryan L, Kaye W, Antao V, Mehta P, Muravov O, Horton DK. Preliminary Results of National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Registry Risk Factor Survey Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153683. [PMID: 27124833 PMCID: PMC4849726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National ALS Registry is made up of two components to capture amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases: national administrative databases (Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Health Administration and Veterans Benefits Administration) and self-identified cases captured by the Registry's web portal. This study describes self-reported characteristics of U.S. adults with ALS using the data collected by the National ALS Registry web portal risk factor surveys only from October 19, 2010 through December 31, 2013. OBJECTIVE To describe findings from the National ALS Registry's web portal risk factor surveys. MEASUREMENTS The prevalence of select risk factors among adults with ALS was determined by calculating the frequencies of select risk factors-smoking and alcohol (non, current and former) histories, military service and occupational history, and family history of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's. RESULTS Nearly half of survey respondents were ever smokers compared with nearly 41% of adults nationally. Most respondents were ever drinkers which is comparable to national estimates. The majority were light drinkers. Nearly one-quarter of survey respondents were veterans compared with roughly 9% of US adults nationally. Most respondents were retired or disabled. The industries in which respondents were employed for the longest time were Professional and Scientific and Technical Services. When family history of neurodegenerative diseases in first degree relatives was evaluated against our comparison group, the rates of ALS were similar, but were higher for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and any neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS The National ALS Registry web portal, to our knowledge, is the largest, most geographically diverse collection of risk factor data about adults living with ALS. Various characteristics were consistent with other published studies on ALS risk factors and will allow researchers to generate hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Bryan
- Carter Consulting Incorporated, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wendy Kaye
- McKing Consulting Corporation, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Vinicius Antao
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Paul Mehta
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Oleg Muravov
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - D. Kevin Horton
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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13
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Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF) Exposure Sensitizes SH-SY5Y Cells to the Pro-Parkinson's Disease Toxin MPP(.). Mol Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26223801 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, with an etiopathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors. The occupational/residential exposure to the electromagnetic fields has been recently associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases; it has been thus proposed that the extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) may contribute to neurodegenerative etiopathogenesis, as its interaction with biological systems directly impairs redox homeostasis in specific areas of the brain. The molecular mechanisms elicited by ELF-MF, and their potential involvement in PD onset, still remain unclear. To this end, we set up a generator of ELF-MF able to stably and homogeneously reproduce environmental prolonged exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT). Results obtained indicate that ELF-MF exposure alters cell response of SH-SY5Y cells to MPP(+). We demonstrate that ELF-MF does not affect per se survival, shape, and morphology of both proliferating and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells but significantly impairs redox homeostasis and thiol content, triggering an increase in protein carbonylation. As a result, toxicity of MPP(+), even at low doses, is highly enhanced in ELF-MF-exposed cells due to a significant increase in ROS levels, potentiation of oxidative damage, and induction of a caspase-dependent apoptosis. Pre-incubation with the thiol antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and GSH ethyl-ester significantly reduces the extent of oxidative damage and protects cells from death induced by the combined treatment ELF-MF/MPP(+). Taken overall, our results demonstrate the redox-based molecular interaction between ELF-MF and PD neurotoxins in vitro, and open a new scenario for defining the synergy of environmental factors in PD onset.
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Brouwer M, Koeman T, van den Brandt PA, Kromhout H, Schouten LJ, Peters S, Huss A, Vermeulen R. Occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease mortality in a prospective Dutch cohort. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:448-55. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Delzor A, Couratier P, Boumédiène F, Nicol M, Druet-Cabanac M, Paraf F, Méjean A, Ploux O, Leleu JP, Brient L, Lengronne M, Pichon V, Combès A, El Abdellaoui S, Bonneterre V, Lagrange E, Besson G, Bicout DJ, Boutonnat J, Camu W, Pageot N, Juntas-Morales R, Rigau V, Masseret E, Abadie E, Preux PM, Marin B. Searching for a link between the L-BMAA neurotoxin and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a study protocol of the French BMAALS programme. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005528. [PMID: 25180055 PMCID: PMC4156816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neurone disease. It occurs in two forms: (1) familial cases, for which several genes have been identified and (2) sporadic cases, for which various hypotheses have been formulated. Notably, the β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (L-BMAA) toxin has been postulated to be involved in the occurrence of sporadic ALS. The objective of the French BMAALS programme is to study the putative link between L-BMAA and ALS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The programme covers the period from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2011. Using multiple sources of ascertainment, all the incident ALS cases diagnosed during this period in the area under study (10 counties spread over three French regions) were collected. First, the standardised incidence ratio will be calculated for each municipality under concern. Then, by applying spatial clustering techniques, overincidence and underincidence zones of ALS will be sought. A case-control study, in the subpopulation living in the identified areas, will gather information about patients' occupations, leisure activities and lifestyle habits in order to assess potential risk factors to which they are or have been exposed. Specimens of drinking water, food and biological material (brain tissue) will be examined to assess the presence of L-BMAA in the environment and tissues of ALS cases and controls. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been reviewed and approved by the French ethical committee of the CPP SOOM IV (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Ouest & Outre-Mer IV). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Delzor
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Farid Boumédiène
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Marie Nicol
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Michel Druet-Cabanac
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - François Paraf
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Annick Méjean
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Tomorrow's Energy Pack (LIED), CNRS UMR 8236, University Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ploux
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Tomorrow's Energy Pack (LIED), CNRS UMR 8236, University Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Leleu
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Luc Brient
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Ecosystems—Biodiversity—Evolution, University Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Lengronne
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Ecosystems—Biodiversity—Evolution, University Rennes I, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Pichon
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR ESPCI-ParisTech-CNRS 8231 CBI, Paris, France
- University Sorbonne, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Combès
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR ESPCI-ParisTech-CNRS 8231 CBI, Paris, France
- University Sorbonne, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Saïda El Abdellaoui
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), UMR ESPCI-ParisTech-CNRS 8231 CBI, Paris, France
- University Sorbonne, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bonneterre
- Environment and Health Prediction in Populations (EPSP), CNRS-TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 UJF-Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmeline Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gérard Besson
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique J Bicout
- Environment and Health Prediction in Populations (EPSP), CNRS-TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 UJF-Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France
- Biomathematics and Epidemiology, Environment and Health Prediction in Populations (EPSP), VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - Jean Boutonnat
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - William Camu
- Motoneuron Diseases: Neuroinflammation and Therapy, INSERM UMR 1051, Neurosciences Institute, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Pageot
- Motoneuron Diseases: Neuroinflammation and Therapy, INSERM UMR 1051, Neurosciences Institute, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Motoneuron Diseases: Neuroinflammation and Therapy, INSERM UMR 1051, Neurosciences Institute, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- Motoneuron Diseases: Neuroinflammation and Therapy, INSERM UMR 1051, Neurosciences Institute, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Masseret
- UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems, UM2-CNRS-IRD-Ifremer-UM1, University Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Abadie
- Environment Resources Laboratory/Languedoc-Roussillon, Ifremer, Sète, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
- Department of Neurology, ALS Center, University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Benoît Marin
- Tropical Neuroepidemiology, INSERM UMR 1094, Limoges, France
- University of Limoges, School of Medicine, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Centre national de la recherche scientifique FR 3503 GEIST, Limoges, France
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Extremely low-frequency magnetic field exposure, electrical shocks and risk of Parkinson’s disease. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2014; 88:227-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malek AM, Barchowsky A, Bowser R, Heiman-Patterson T, Lacomis D, Rana S, Youk A, Stickler D, Lackland DT, Talbott EO. Environmental and occupational risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case-control study. NEURODEGENER DIS 2013; 14:31-8. [PMID: 24246552 DOI: 10.1159/000355344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Environmental and occupational exposures are implicated as risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the etiology of which is largely unknown, although no causal relationships have been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations of personal risk factors and self-reported environmental and occupational exposures with risk of ALS. METHODS The cases involved ALS patients (n = 66) identified from major neurological centers in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, Pa., USA, from 2008 to 2010. The age-, race- and sex-matched controls included outpatient hospital and population-based controls (n = 66). A detailed questionnaire obtaining data on occupation, vocational and avocational exposure as well as personal lifestyle factors was administered. RESULTS Occupational exposure to metals (odds ratio, OR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.15, 11.60) and pesticides (OR = 6.50; 95% CI: 1.78, 23.77) was related to increased risk of ALS after controlling for smoking and education. No associations were found for occupational exposure to organic or aromatic solvents. CONCLUSION Workers exposed to metals and pesticides may be at greater risk of ALS. Future research should involve more accurate exposure assessment through the use of job exposure matrices, confirmation of occupation and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Malek
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., USA
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Fazzo L, Tancioni V, Polichetti A, Iavarone I, Vanacore N, Papini P, Farchi S, Bruno C, Pasetto R, Borgia P, Comba P. Morbidity Experience in Populations Residentially Exposed to 50 Hz Magnetic Fields: Methodology and Preliminary Findings of a Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013; 15:133-42. [DOI: 10.1179/oeh.2009.15.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Huang J, Tang T, Hu G, Zheng J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Su J, Zou Y, Peng X. Association between exposure to electromagnetic fields from high voltage transmission lines and neurobehavioral function in children. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67284. [PMID: 23843999 PMCID: PMC3700989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for a possible causal relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by high voltage transmission (HVT) lines and neurobehavioral dysfunction in children is insufficient. The present study aims to investigate the association between EMF exposure from HVT lines and neurobehavioral function in children. Methods Two primary schools were chosen based on monitoring data of ambient electromagnetic radiation. A cross-sectional study with 437 children (9 to 13 years old) was conducted. Exposure to EMF from HVT lines was monitored at each school. Information was collected on possible confounders and relevant exposure predictors using standardized questionnaires. Neurobehavioral function in children was evaluated using established computerized neurobehavioral tests. Data was analyzed using multivariable regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. Results After controlling for potential confounding factors, multivariable regression revealed that children attending a school near 500 kV HVT lines had poorer performance on the computerized neurobehavioral tests for Visual Retention and Pursuit Aiming compared to children attending a school that was not in close proximity to HVT lines. Conclusions The results suggest long-term low-level exposure to EMF from HVT lines might have a negative impact on neurobehavioral function in children. However, because of differences in results only for two of four tests achieved statistical significance and potential limitations, more studies are needed to explore the effects of exposure to extremely low frequency EMF on neurobehavioral function and development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongli Huang
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantong Tang
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Bejing, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (XP)
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (XP)
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Field NC, Metcalf JS, Caller TA, Banack SA, Cox PA, Stommel EW. Linking β-methylamino-L-alanine exposure to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Annapolis, MD. Toxicon 2013; 70:179-83. [PMID: 23660330 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases occur sporadically. Some environmental triggers have been implicated, including beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a cyanobacteria produced neurotoxin. This study aimed to identify environmental risk factors common to three sporadic ALS patients who lived in Annapolis, Maryland, USA and developed the disease within a relatively short time and within close proximity to each other. A questionnaire was used to identify potential risk factors for ALS among the cohort of patients. One common factor among the ALS patients was the frequent consumption of blue crab. Samples of blue crab from the patients' local fish market were tested for BMAA using LC-MS/MS. BMAA was identified in these Chesapeake Bay blue crabs. We conclude that the presence of BMAA in the Chesapeake Bay food web and the lifetime consumption of blue crab contaminated with BMAA may be a common risk factor for sporadic ALS in all three patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Field
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Occupational Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Neurodegenerative Disease. J Occup Environ Med 2013; 55:135-46. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31827f37f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhou H, Chen G, Chen C, Yu Y, Xu Z. Association between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189129 PMCID: PMC3506624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To estimate the relationship between exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by a meta-analysis. Methods Through searching PubMed databases (or manual searching) up to April 2012 using the following keywords: “occupational exposure”, “electromagnetic fields” and “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis” or “motor neuron disease”, seventeen studies were identified as eligible for this meta-analysis. The associations between ELF-EMF exposure and the ALS risk were estimated based on study design (case-control or cohort study), and ELF-EMF exposure level assessment (job title or job-exposure matrix). The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias. Results Occupational exposure to ELF-EMF was significantly associated with increased risk of ALS in pooled studies (RR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.02–1.62), and case-control studies (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.05–1.84), but not cohort studies (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.80–1.69). In sub-analyses, similar significant associations were found when the exposure level was defined by the job title, but not the job-exposure matrix. In addition, significant associations between occupational exposure to ELF-EMF and increased risk of ALS were found in studies of subjects who were clinically diagnosed but not those based on the death certificate. Moderate heterogeneity was observed in all analyses. Conclusions Our data suggest a slight but significant ALS risk increase among those with job titles related to relatively high levels of ELF-EMF exposure. Since the magnitude of estimated RR was relatively small, we cannot deny the possibility of potential biases at work. Electrical shocks or other unidentified variables associated with electrical occupations, rather than magnetic-field exposure, may be responsible for the observed associations with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhou
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunjing Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ZX)
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (ZX)
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Regulation of FMO and PON detoxication systems in ALS human tissues. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:370-7. [PMID: 23073612 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease with unknown etiology. Recent evidence suggests an association between the exposure to toxic environmental factors and sporadic ALS. The flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) and paraoxonase (PONs) genes encode enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxication and are associated with ALS. FMO and PON gene expression has been examined in the human central nervous system including human brain subregions defined as the spinal cord, medulla, and cerebral cortex and in the peripheral tissues (lymphocytes, fibroblasts) in ALS patients and normal control subjects. FMO expression was generally higher in tissues from ALS subjects than in control tissues, with the largest increases in FMO expression detected in the spinal cord. In peripheral tissues, the FMO mRNA level was found to be lower compared with FMO expression in brain tissue, and no differences were detected between ALS patients and the control tissue. FMO and PON gene expression was low in peripheral tissues. In contrast to FMO5 expression, the PON2 gene was down-regulated in ALS patients compared to the controls. Because FMO and PON are involved in the detoxication processes and their functional activity to bioactivate chemicals to toxins has been documented, the data herein suggest that environmental toxin exposure may play a role in a subset of individuals who contract ALS by altering FMO and PON gene expression. Although the precise pathogenic link is presently unknown, these findings suggest a role at FMO and PON genes in the development of ALS.
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Consales C, Merla C, Marino C, Benassi B. Electromagnetic fields, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:683897. [PMID: 22991514 PMCID: PMC3444040 DOI: 10.1155/2012/683897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) originating both from both natural and manmade sources permeate our environment. As people are continuously exposed to EMFs in everyday life, it is a matter of great debate whether they can be harmful to human health. On the basis of two decades of epidemiological studies, an increased risk for childhood leukemia associated with Extremely Low Frequency fields has been consistently assessed, inducing the International Agency for Research on Cancer to insert them in the 2B section of carcinogens in 2001. EMFs interaction with biological systems may cause oxidative stress under certain circumstances. Since free radicals are essential for brain physiological processes and pathological degeneration, research focusing on the possible influence of the EMFs-driven oxidative stress is still in progress, especially in the light of recent studies suggesting that EMFs may contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes the emerging evidences about this topic, highlighting the wide data uncertainty that still characterizes the EMFs effect on oxidative stress modulation, as both pro-oxidant and neuroprotective effects have been documented. Care should be taken to avoid methodological limitations and to determine the patho-physiological relevance of any alteration found in EMFs-exposed biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Consales
- Unit of Radiation Biology and Human Health, ENEA-Casaccia, Rome 00123, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Benassi
- Unit of Radiation Biology and Human Health, ENEA-Casaccia, Rome 00123, Italy
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Caller TA, Field NC, Chipman JW, Shi X, Harris BT, Stommel EW. Spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the potential role of BMAA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:25-32. [PMID: 22214351 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.621436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative syndrome which has no known cause, except for a small proportion of cases which are genetically inherited. The development of ALS likely involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. Environmental risk factors implicated in ALS have included heavy metals, trauma, pesticides, electrical injuries, electromagnetic radiation and the cyanobacterial-derived neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). To investigate possible environmental risks, a number of epidemiological studies of ALS have been conducted. Some of these studies employ spatial analysis techniques that examine for spatial clusters of ALS and can help guide further research into identifying environmental exposures. Despite identifying geographical disparities in the distribution of ALS cases, these studies have not provided any clear associations with environmental factors. We review the literature on important studies of spatial clustering of ALS and explore the hypothesized link between the neurotoxin BMAA and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie A Caller
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, New Hampshire 03753, USA.
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Chiò A, Traynor BJ. Identifying potential risk factors for developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.11.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder of adult life, characterized by the progressive loss of upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex and of the spinal and bulbar lower motor neurons. The cause of sporadic cases and of the majority of hereditary cases remains elusive. So far a total of 17 genes or genetic loci of familial ALS have been identified, related to DNA/RNA processing, protein aggregation, membrane trafficking and axonal transport and mitochondrial dysfunction. A large range of environmental factors have also been studied, with inconclusive results, with the possible exception of cigarette smoking. ALS is now considered a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, but studies analyzing genetic and environmental factors together are still underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chiò
- ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Torino (NIT), Torino, Italy
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Elferchichi M, Ammari M, Maaroufi K, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of exposure to static magnetic field on motor skills and iron levels in plasma and brain of rats. Brain Inj 2011; 25:901-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.581640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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The cyanobacteria derived toxin Beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2837-50. [PMID: 22069578 PMCID: PMC3153186 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2122837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence to suggest that environmental factors play a major role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases like ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The non-protein amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) was first associated with the high incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parkinsonism Dementia Complex (ALS/PDC) in Guam, and has been implicated as a potential environmental factor in ALS, Alzheimer’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. BMAA has a number of toxic effects on motor neurons including direct agonist action on NMDA and AMPA receptors, induction of oxidative stress, and depletion of glutathione. As a non-protein amino acid, there is also the strong possibility that BMAA could cause intraneuronal protein misfolding, the hallmark of neurodegeneration. While an animal model for BMAA-induced ALS is lacking, there is substantial evidence to support a link between this toxin and ALS. The ramifications of discovering an environmental trigger for ALS are enormous. In this article, we discuss the history, ecology, pharmacology and clinical ramifications of this ubiquitous, cyanobacteria-derived toxin.
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Gagliardi S, Ogliari P, Davin A, Corato M, Cova E, Abel K, Cashman JR, Ceroni M, Cereda C. Flavin-containing monooxygenase mRNA levels are up-regulated in als brain areas in SOD1-mutant mice. Neurotox Res 2010; 20:150-8. [PMID: 21082301 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are a family of microsomal enzymes involved in the oxygenation of a variety of nucleophilic heteroatom-containing xenobiotics. Recent results have pointed to a relation between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and FMO genes. ALS is an adult-onset, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disease. We have compared FMO mRNA expression in the control mouse strain C57BL/6J and in a SOD1-mutated (G93A) ALS mouse model. Fmo expression was examined in total brain, and in subregions including cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere, brainstem, and spinal cord of control and SOD1-mutated mice. We have also considered expression in male and female mice because FMO regulation is gender-related. Real-Time TaqMan PCR was used for FMO expression analysis. Normalization was done using hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) as a control housekeeping gene. Fmo genes, except Fmo3, were detectably expressed in the central nervous system of both control and ALS model mice. FMO expression was generally greater in the ALS mouse model than in control mice, with the highest increase in Fmo1 expression in spinal cord and brainstem. In addition, we showed greater Fmo expression in males than in female mice in the ALS model. The expression of Fmo1 mRNA correlated with Sod1 mRNA expression in pathologic brain areas. We hypothesize that alteration of FMO gene expression is a consequence of the pathological environment linked to oxidative stress related to mutated SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gagliardi
- Lab of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Via Mondino, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Dion PA, Daoud H, Rouleau GA. Genetics of motor neuron disorders: new insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10:769-82. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Johnson FO, Atchison WD. The role of environmental mercury, lead and pesticide exposure in development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30:761-5. [PMID: 19632272 PMCID: PMC2761528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an environmental toxicant as a risk factor in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was first hinted at (demonstrated) in the Chamorro indigenous people of Guam. During the 1950s and 1960s these indigenous people presented an extremely high incidence of ALS which was presumed to be associated with the consumption of flying fox and cycad seeds. No other strong association between ALS and environmental toxicants has since been reported, although circumstantial epidemiological evidence has implicated exposure to heavy metals such as lead and mercury, industrial solvents and pesticides especially organophosphates and certain occupations such as playing professional soccer. Given that only approximately 10% of all ALS diagnosis have a genetic basis, a gene-environmental interaction provides a plausible explanation for the other 90% of cases. This mini-review provides an overview of our current knowledge of environmental etiologies of ALS with emphasis on the effects of mercury, lead and pesticides as potential risk factors in developing ALS. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence from animal models investigating the possible association between exposure to environmental toxicant and ALS disease has proven inconclusive. Nonetheless, there are indications that there may be causal links, and a need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank O Johnson
- Center for Integrative Toxicology and Neuroscience Program and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. Effects of exposure to 50 Hz electric field at different strengths on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain tissue of guinea pigs. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:581-90. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802203606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Uccelli R, Binazzi A, Altavista P, Belli S, Comba P, Mastrantonio M, Vanacore N. Geographic distribution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through motor neuron disease mortality data. Eur J Epidemiol 2007; 22:781-90. [PMID: 17874192 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-007-9173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and devastating neurological disorder of the adult age with a prognosis of about 2-3 years from the onset of the disease. No clear cause has been identified but it seems to be a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental components involved. Increments of mortality rates were observed since 1980 both in Italy and in many other countries. The objective of the present study is to describe the distribution of ALS mortality in Italy in the period 1980-2001 detecting single municipalities or clusters with high mortality levels for motor neuron disease (MND). ALS represents the main part (85%) of the MND group which is globally identified by the IX ICD (International Classification of Diseases and Causes of Death) 335.2 code. Death numbers and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for MND were calculated for all Italian municipalities through the ENEA mortality database system (data source: National Institute of Statistics-ISTAT), using national mortality rates as reference. Subsequently, in order to detect municipal clusters, spatial analysis was performed. Out of the 8,099 Italian municipalities, 132 where characterized by SMR values higher than expected. Moreover 16 clusters with significant high relative risk values (RR) were identified, 12 out of them including only a single municipality. Only 22 of the municipalities with high SMR were included in the clusters. In conclusion, the two different epidemiological methodologies demonstrated to be widely complementary in detecting the geographical distribution of the disease in terms of risk for populations. A first selection of the priority areas where analytical studies should be carried on, in order to identify risk factors associated to ALS, is tentatively suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Uccelli
- Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Environment (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
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Abhinav K, Al-Chalabi A, Hortobagyi T, Leigh PN. Electrical injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:450-3. [PMID: 17098839 PMCID: PMC2117843 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Electrical injury may act as a potential precipitating or risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess the relationship between electrical injury and the development of ALS. Information for the review was obtained using five medical databases, and from manual searching of individual papers. Patients presenting with a neurological syndrome after electrical injury, including lightning, were included and classified into four categories: ALS; progressive upper motor neurone (UMN) syndrome; progressive lower motor neurone (LMN) syndrome; and non-progressive syndrome. Linear regression and chi2 testing were used for analysis of the data. 96 individuals, comprising 44 with ALS, 1 with a progressive UMN syndrome, 7 with a progressive LMN syndrome and 44 with a non-progressive syndrome, were identified from 31 papers with publication dates between 1906 and 2002. The median interval between electrical injury and disease onset was 2.25 years for all progressive syndromes and just over 1 week for the non-progressive syndrome. The more severe the shock (excluding lightning), the more likely individuals were to have a non-progressive motor syndrome. A non-progressive spinal cord syndrome is associated with more severe electrical injury. Overall, the evidence reviewed does not support a causal relationship between ALS and electric shock.
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Antonini RA, Benfante R, Gotti C, Moretti M, Kuster N, Schuderer J, Clementi F, Fornasari D. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) does not affect the expression of α3, α5 and α7 nicotinic receptor subunit genes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Toxicol Lett 2006; 164:268-77. [PMID: 16513298 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in a number of functional processes, including cognition, learning and memory, and alterations in their expression and/or activity have been implicated in various neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Given the role of nAChRs in physiological and pathological conditions, we wondered whether an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) may affect the expression of the molecules involved in neurodegenerative processes. In order to investigate this possibility, we studied the expression of alpha3, alpha5 and alpha7 nicotinic subunits upon exposure of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line to a 50 Hz power-line magnetic field in a "blind trial" system; various magnetic flux densities and exposure times were applied. Our studies show that the expression of some relevant components of the cholinergic nicotinic system, which is one of the most affected neurotransmission systems in AD, did not undergo any change at molecular level by environmental exposure to ELF-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Adele Antonini
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Milan, via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Weisskopf MG, McCullough ML, Morozova N, Calle EE, Thun MJ, Ascherio A. Prospective study of occupation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:1146-52. [PMID: 16269579 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposures are suspected of contributing to the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but results of epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent. The authors prospectively assessed the relation between occupation and ALS mortality among more than 1 million participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II of the American Cancer Society. Follow-up from 1989 through 2002 identified 507 ALS deaths among men and 430 among women. Adjusted rate ratios were calculated by using Mantel-Haenszel weights and Cox proportional hazards. Among men, elevated ALS mortality was found for programmers (rate ratio = 4.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.46, 14.2; p = 0.009) and laboratory technicians (rate ratio = 1.96, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 3.66; p = 0.04). Occupations previously associated with increased risk of ALS for which no increased risk was found included farmers, electricians, and welders, although the numbers of electricians (eight ALS deaths) and welders (two ALS deaths) were small. Among women, only machine assemblers had significantly increased ALS mortality (rate ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 7.53; p = 0.04). Results, which suggest that male programmers and laboratory technicians and female machine assemblers may be at increased risk of death from ALS, should be interpreted cautiously, however, because they are based on small numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Weisskopf
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Park RM, Schulte PA, Bowman JD, Walker JT, Bondy SC, Yost MG, Touchstone JA, Dosemeci M. Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Ind Med 2005; 48:63-77. [PMID: 15940722 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between occupations and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) may be discernable in death certificate data. METHODS Hypotheses generated from 1982 to 1991 study were tested in data from 22 states for the years 1992-1998. Specific occupations and exposures to pesticides, solvents, oxidative stressors, magnetic fields, and welding fumes were evaluated. RESULTS About one third (26/87) of the occupations hypothesized with neurodegenerative associations had statistically significant elevated mortality odds ratios (MOR) for the same outcome. Occupations with the largest MORs were (a) for presenile dementia (PSD)-dentists, graders/sorters (non-agricultural), and clergy; (b) for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-bank tellers, clergy, aircraft mechanics, and hairdressers; (c) for Parkinson's disease (PD)-biological scientists, clergy, religious workers, and post-secondary teachers; and (d) for motor neuron disease (MND)-veterinarians, hairdressers, and graders and sorters (non-agricultural). Teachers had significantly elevated MORs for all four diseases, and hairdressers for three of the four. Non-horticultural farmers below age 65 had elevated PD (MOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.47-3.26), PSD (MOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.10-4.05), and AD (MOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.04-2.81). Sixty hertz magnetic fields exhibited significant exposure-response for AD and, below age 65, for PD (MOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.14-2.98) and MND (MOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.10-2.39). Welding had elevated PD mortality below age 65 (MOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.08-2.75). CONCLUSIONS Support was observed for hypothesized excess neurodegenerative disease associated with a variety of occupations, 60 Hz magnetic fields and welding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Park
- Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS C-15, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Milani M, Ballerini M, Ferraro L, Zabeo M, Barberis M, Cannone M, Faraone V. Contaminant effect on cellular metabolic differential pressure curves. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2004; 9:1074-1088. [PMID: 15447028 DOI: 10.1117/1.1782591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of a pressure monitoring system by differential pressure sensors to detect contaminant effects on cellular cultures metabolic activity is discussed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lymphocyte, and AHH1 cell cultures. Metabolic (aerobic and anaerobic) processes in cells are accompanied by CO(2) production that induces changes in pressure values when cells are cultured in sealed vessels. These values are subsequently converted in voltage units and plotted pressure dynamics versus time. This procedure leads to a standard curve, typical of the cellular line, which characterizes cellular metabolism when all parameters are controlled, such as temperature and nutrients. Different phases appear in the S. cerevisiae differential pressure curve: an initial growth up to a maximum, followed by a decrement that leads to a typical "depression" (pressure values inside the test-tubes are lower than the initial one) after about 35 h from the beginning. The S. cerevisiae differential pressure curve is successfully used to test the effects of chemical (Amuchina, trieline) and physical (UV radiation, blue light, magnetic fields) contaminants. The same technique is applied to lymphocytes and AHH1 cultures to investigate the effects generated by a 72-h exposure to a 50-Hz, 60-microT electromagnetic field. Lymphocyte samples, cultured in a PHA medium, grow less than control ones, but exhibit a greater metabolic activity: changes in the exposure system configuration influence neither sample growth differences nor metabolic response variations between control and irradiated samples, while all the other irradiation parameters remain constant. Control and irradiated lymphocyte samples, without PHA in culture medium, show the same behavior both during irradiation and metabolic test. AHH1 control and irradiated samples show no difference both in growth percentage during irradiation and in metabolic activity. Different cell cultures respond to the same stimulus in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziale Milani
- University of Milan-Bicocca, Department of Material Sciences, via Cozzi 53, IT-20125 Milan, Italy.
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Pira E, Gianluigi D, Herrero Hernandez E. Occupational exposures and neurodegenerative diseases. Epidemiology 2004; 15:253-4; author reply 254. [PMID: 15127922 DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000112216.75693.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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