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Yerebakan MO, Gu Y, Gross J, Hu B. Evaluation of Biomechanical and Mental Workload During Human-Robot Collaborative Pollination Task. HUMAN FACTORS 2024:187208241254696. [PMID: 38807491 DOI: 10.1177/00187208241254696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to identify the potential biomechanical and cognitive workload effects induced by human robot collaborative pollination task, how additional cues and reliability of the robot influence these effects and whether interacting with the robot influences the participant's anxiety and attitude towards robots. BACKGROUND Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) could be used to alleviate pollinator shortages and robot performance issues. However, the effects of HRC for this setting have not been investigated. METHODS Sixteen participants were recruited. Four HRC modes, no cue, with cue, unreliable, and manual control were included. Three categories of dependent variables were measured: (1) spine kinematics (L5/S1, L1/T12, and T1/C7), (2) pupillary activation data, and (3) subjective measures such as perceived workload, robot-related anxiety, and negative attitudes towards robotics. RESULTS HRC reduced anxiety towards the cobot, decreased joint angles and angular velocity for the L5/S1 and L1/T12 joints, and reduced pupil dilation, with the "with cue" mode producing the lowest values. However, unreliability was detrimental to these gains. In addition, HRC resulted in a higher flexion angle for the neck (i.e., T1/C7). CONCLUSION HRC reduced the physical and mental workload during the simulated pollination task. Benefits of the additional cue were minimal compared to no cues. The increased joint angle in the neck and unreliability affecting lower and mid back joint angles and workload requires further investigation. APPLICATION These findings could be used to inform design decisions for HRC frameworks for agricultural applications that are cognizant of the different effects induced by HRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Gu
- West Virginia University, USA
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Akbar KA, Try P, Viwattanakulvanid P, Kallawicha K. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Farmers in the Southeast Asia Region: A Systematic Review. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:243-249. [PMID: 37818214 PMCID: PMC10562125 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Southeast Asia has many people who work in the agriculture sector. Not many stakeholders pay special attention to the health of farmers, even though they are exposed to various types of hazards. One of the most common health complaints among farmers is related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of WMSDs and factors associated with them among farmers in Southeast Asia. Methods A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO was conducted. Articles were included if they studied ergonomic problems among farmers from 11 countries in the Southeast Asia region and were published during 2015-2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. The search process and retrieval process reflected PRISMA's recommendation. Result There were 14 studies found from 3 countries that had published articles in PubMed and ScienceDirect, including Thailand [8], Indonesia [4], and Malaysia [2]. The prevalence of WMSDs in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia was 78,31%, 81,27%, and 88,39%, respectively. Common factors associated with WMSDs include age, sex, smoking habits, drinking alcohol habits, working period (years), type of work, awkward position, non-ergonomic equipment, repetitive movements, and lifting heavy loads. Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among farmers in Southeast Asia is considerably high. Effective intervention is essential for reducing the prevalence and protecting workers' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurnia A. Akbar
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health Faculty, Jember University, Indonesia
| | - Phally Try
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
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Politis P, Lepetsos P, Jelastopulu E, Megas P, Leotsinidis M. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Economical Cost of Work-Related Injuries Among Olive Workers in the Achaia Region, Greece. Cureus 2023; 15:e39657. [PMID: 37388581 PMCID: PMC10306346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Olive gathering involves tree climbing, carrying heavy loads, navigating rough terrain, and using sharp tools. However, little is known about occupational injuries among olive workers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of occupational injuries among olive workers in a rural Greek area and to assess the financial burden on the health system and insurance funds. Methods A questionnaire was administered to 166 olive workers in the Aigialeia municipality in the Achaia region, Greece. The questionnaire contained detailed information on demographic characteristics, medical history, working environment, protective measures, gathering tools, and type and site of injuries. Moreover, data were recorded about the duration of hospitalization, medical examinations and treatment received, sick leaves, complications, and rate of re-injury. Direct economic costs were calculated for hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. The associations between olive workers' characteristics, risk factors, and occupational injury within the last year were examined using log-binomial regression models. Results In total, 85 injuries were recorded in 50 workers. The prevalence of one or more injuries in the last year was 30.1%. Factors associated with a higher rate of injury were male gender, age > 50 years, working experience > 24 years, history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, climbing habits, and non-use of protective gloves. The average cost of agricultural injuries was more than 1400 € per injury. The cost seems to be associated with the severity of the injury, as injuries requiring hospitalization were associated with increased costs, higher cost of medication, as well as more days of sick leave. Losses due to sick leave cause the greatest financial costs. Conclusions Farm-related injuries are quite usual among olive workers in Greece. Injury risk is influenced by gender, age, working experience, medical history, climbing habits, and use of protective gloves. Days off work have the greatest financial cost. These findings can be useful as a starting point to train olive workers to reduce the incidence of farm-related injuries in Greece. Knowledge of risk factors for farm-related injuries and diseases could help the development of proper interventions to minimize the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Politis
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | | | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Megas
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
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Kee D. Characteristics of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1024. [PMID: 36673780 PMCID: PMC9859549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze trends for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) from 1996 to 2020 in Korea and to investigate characteristics of WMSDs, including WMSD approval rates, distribution by WMSD names, and the effects of industry type and size, and workers’ age and gender on WMSD occurrence. The data included those obtained from the official yearbooks for industrial accidents published by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and those obtained personally from the Korea Workers’ Compensation & Welfare Service. The results showed that although the incidence of WMSDs differed by year, approximately 9500 cases of WMSDs occurred in 2019 and 2020, the incidence rate of WMSDs was approximately 5.0 per 10,000 workers, and the proportions of WMSDs among industrial accidents were almost 9%. Low back pain was the leading cause of WMSDs; WMSDs occupied 9.5−71.5% of total occupational diseases by year and occurred most frequently in the manufacturing industry, followed by construction, transportation/warehouse and communication, and mining industries, and nearly 60% of WMSDs occurred in small business with <50 workers. Among chronic WMSDs, rotator cuff syndrome in the shoulder ranked first, intervertebral disc disorders second, and rotator cuff and tendon injuries third. By body parts, the shoulder was most susceptible to chronic WMSDs, followed by the low back, leg, and elbow/lower arm. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis showed that industry type and size and workers’ gender and age were significantly associated with WMSD approval. It can be concluded that the WMSD preventive efforts should focus on low back pain and rotator cuff syndrome by WMSD name, manufacturing by industry, small business by industry size, men by gender, and aged workers by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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Kongtawelert A, Buchholz B, Sujitrarath D, Laohaudomchok W, Kongtip P, Woskie S. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Thai Burley Tobacco Farmers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6779. [PMID: 35682367 PMCID: PMC9180256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional analysis study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Thai Burley tobacco farmers. Subjects included 603 burley tobacco farmers from Sukhothai province. Farmers were interviewed twice, (during planting and harvesting seasons), with a questionnaire consisting of demographic and health characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms, and ergonomic exposure questions. The subjects average age was 49.5 years, more were female (58.5%), most had only a primary education (74.3%), 38% were overweight or obese. Farmers had a significantly higher prevalence of MSDs in the lower back (37.1%), knee (28.7%), shoulder (22.9%), wrist (19.9%), and hip (8.3%) during the harvesting season than in the planting season (p < 0.05). Models found that factors influencing MSDs prevalence during planting included long work hours in seedling, tasks such as topping tobacco plants, and using machine tools, after controlling for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). While in the harvesting season, models found tasks conducted as a group had lower MSDs prevalence than individual work when carrying fresh tobacco to the barn, piercing/threading and curing the leaves, baling the bundles, and transporting the finished goods. We recommended working in groups to reduce workload and MSDs, especially during harvesting, in burley tobacco farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarin Kongtawelert
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (W.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Bryan Buchholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Dusit Sujitrarath
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Wisanti Laohaudomchok
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (W.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (W.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854-2867, USA;
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Hayati A, Marzban A. Ergonomic problems in agricultural farms: Explainable relationship between awkward postures and body discomforts in Iranian leafy vegetable cultivation. Work 2022; 71:709-717. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many agricultural activities excessively need human power and are associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Leafy vegetable cultivation (LVC) is one of these. OBJECTIVE: The postural workload, body discomfort, and explainable linkage between these among Iranian wintry LVC workers were investigated. METHODS: Postures and body discomfort were evaluated using Ovako working posture analyzing system (OWAS) and a body map, respectively. The explainable body discomforts by working postures for each body region were descriptively discussed using some of the literature. RESULTS: Considering the maximum MSD risk value of 400%, irrigation and manual harvesting had the highest MSD risks with index risks of 313% and 305% respectively. Low back discomfort was the most common body discomfort in LVC which was reported for the operations of moldboard plowing, disking, manure application, chemical broadcasting, spraying, and manual harvesting. LVC operations seemed to rely heavily on the use of low back and shoulders. Bent and/or twist postures were the most common postures for the back. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all the body discomforts were explained by awkward postures shown by postural workload analysis. Therefore, the working posture analysis results may be reliable and utilized in future decisions around ergonomic interventions. Future studies may be conducted to investigate the simple and inexpensive ergonomic interventions to mitigate MSD risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Hayati
- Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Afshin Marzban
- Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran
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Moon C, Bae J, Kwak J, Hong D. A Lower-Back Exoskeleton with a Four-bar Linkage Structure for Providing Extensor Moment and Lumbar Traction Force. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:729-737. [PMID: 35286262 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3159178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lower back pain and related injuries are prevalent and serious problems in various industries, and high compression force to the lumbosacral (L5/S1) region has been known as one of the key factors. Previous research on passive lower back exoskeletons focused on reducing lumbar muscle activation by providing an extensor moment. Additionally, lumbar traction forces can reduce the compression force, and is a common treatment method for lower back pain in clinics. In this paper, we propose a novel passive lower back exoskeleton that provides both extensor moment and lumbar traction force. The working principle of the exoskeleton, extending the coil springs during lumbar flexion, and its design criteria regarding the amount of each force element were provided. The kinematic model explained its operation, and the dynamic simulation estimated its performance and validated its satisfaction with the design criteria. The biomechanical model provided a brief insight into the expected exoskeleton's effect on the reduced lower back compression force. Ten subjects performed static holding and dynamic lifting tasks, and the generated force elements in two directions, parallel and perpendicular to the trunk, were evaluated using a force sensor and electromyography sensors, respectively. The experiment demonstrated a pulling force opposite to the direction of intradiscal pressure and reduced erector spinae activation. This implies the effect of wearing the exoskeleton to decrease the intervertebral pressure during static back bending or heavy lifting tasks.
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Ergonomic Task Analysis for Prioritization of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Mango-Harvesting Farmers. SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/safety8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a mixed ergonomic tool analysis algorithm to prioritize work-related musculoskeletal problems. This study is a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) with associated risk factors among 14 male mango-harvesting farmers (all right-handed) with the mean age of 52.28 ± 7.75 years. Four tasks following mango-harvesting processes were analyzed: (1) mango harvesting, (2) mango transporting, (3) mango size sorting, and (4) mango weighing and transporting to the truck. The perceived physical exertion while working on a mango-harvesting farm was based on the Borg CR-10 with a modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Physical risk level due to awkward posture was evaluated by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and risk due to whole-body posture in association with the level of WMSDs risk was evaluated by the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheets. The subjective feelings of fatigue and posture analysis were normalized and combined using the theorem of power superposition to establish the fatigue effective index (FEI) for determining priorities to solve ergonomics-based task problems. This study indicated clearly that WMSDs are highly prevalent in mango-harvesting farmers, whereas the highest prevalence of WMSDs was reported in the right shoulder, right upper arm and lower back. The result provided the FEI of mango-harvesting farmers, ranked as follows: (1) size-sorting task, (2) weight-lifting task, (3) harvesting task, and (4) transporting task. The authors concluded that mango size sorting should be the first task to be improved to resolve the muscle fatigue problems among male mango-harvesting farmers.
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Poursaeed A, Sharifirad M, Lashgarara F, Mirdamadi S. Risk factors for musculoskeletal problems in paddy field workers in northern iran: A community-based study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:77. [DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1024_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sauter M, Barthelme J, Müller C, Liebers F. Manual handling of heavy loads and low back pain among different occupational groups: results of the 2018 BIBB/BAuA employment survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:956. [PMID: 34781946 PMCID: PMC8594139 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Germany and other European countries, many occupations still involve manual handling of loads (MHL), an activity that puts the musculoskeletal system at risk of low back pain (LBP). This study aims to describe the current prevalence of MHL in different occupational groups stratified by gender in Germany, the association between MHL and LBP and the adjusted prevalence of LBP in different respond-categories of MHL. Methods Data was collected in telephone interviews conducted as part of the 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey, which covers work-related topics like working conditions, education, health status and job satisfaction. The analyses were limited to full-time workers (> 35 h/week) aged between 15 and 67. The frequency of MHL was analysed descriptively. BLOSSFELD classification was used to group the participants in occupational categories. The analysis of the association between MHL and the prevalence of LBP over the last 12 months was based on robust log-linear Poisson regression that results in prevalence ratios (PR). The main regression model was adjusted for gender, age, working hours, and working conditions. Adjusted estimates for the prevalence of LBP were calculated based on regression analysis. Results The sample consists of n = 14,331 participants (men: n = 8828, 61.6%; women: n = 5503, 38.4%; median age 49 years). Of these, 52.8% say they were exposed to MHL at work. MHL is most common in agricultural occupations, skilled and unskilled occupations. In the regression model, participants who said they were “often” exposed to MHL reported more frequently LBP than those participants who said they were “never” exposed to MHL. The PR as estimate for the association is 1.41 (95%CI [1.32; 1.49]). Postestimation of the prevalence of LBP began with 47.3% (95%CI [43.8%; 51.1%]) for participants who said they were “never” exposed to MHL and rose to 66.5% (95%CI [62.4%; 71.0%]) for participants who indicated they were “often” exposed to MHL. Conclusions The 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey emphasizes that MHL is still common in the German workforce and shows a significant association to LBP. Prevention policies for avoiding MHL remain vital. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04819-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sauter
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Division "Work and Health" / unit 3.1 "Prevention of Work-Related Disorders", Noeldnerstrasse 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Barthelme
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Division "Work and Health" / unit 3.1 "Prevention of Work-Related Disorders", Noeldnerstrasse 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Müller
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Division "Work and Health" / unit 3.1 "Prevention of Work-Related Disorders", Noeldnerstrasse 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Liebers
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Division "Work and Health" / unit 3.1 "Prevention of Work-Related Disorders", Noeldnerstrasse 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany.
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Quandt SA, Arnold TJ, Talton JW, Miles CM, Mora DC, Arcury TA, Daniel SS. Musculoskeletal injury symptoms among hired Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:620-628. [PMID: 34002867 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although children 10-17 years can be hired to work in agriculture, little research has addressed possible musculoskeletal injuries. Children may be at particular risk for these injuries because of the repetitive and load bearing nature of work tasks. Existing research relies on child workers to self-report musculoskeletal injuries. METHODS In 2017, 202 Latinx child farmworkers ages 10-17 employed across North Carolina completed survey interviews. In 2018, 145 of these children (94 [64.8%] current farmworkers) completed a physical examination and second interview. The examination obtained findings for upper and lower extremity as well as back injuries. RESULTS Positive indicators for musculoskeletal symptoms were few in either current or former child farmworkers. The knee was most common site for positive indicators with 15.4% of children having at least one. Combining all anatomical sites, 29.0% of children had at least one positive indicator, with no significant difference between current and former farmworkers. Overall, boys had significantly more indicators of knee injuries than girls (21.3% vs. 4.1%), indicators of ankle injuries were found only in the youngest workers (9.5% of children 11-13 years), and significantly fewer current farmworkers had indicators of lower back injuries than former farmworkers (6.4% vs. 17.7%). CONCLUSIONS Expectations of injuries come from previous studies using child farmworker self-reports, adult farmworker injury rates, and sports medicine pediatric findings. Hired child farmworkers may not perform activities as repetitious and load-bearing as children in sports training or adult farmworkers. Additional research using physical examination is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Taylor J. Arnold
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Jennifer W. Talton
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher M. Miles
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Dana C. Mora
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
- Department of Community Medicine, National Research Center in Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NAFKAM, Faculty of Health Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie S. Daniel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
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Barbosa de Moraes E, Dal Fabbro DR, Bernardes de Oliveira L, Ribeiro Leão E. Pain Management of Amazon Indigenous Peoples: A Community-Based Study. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1969-1980. [PMID: 34234543 PMCID: PMC8254536 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s298219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Indigenous peoples are vulnerable populations that live in remote areas of the Amazon forest with limited access to health-care services. Underreporting and undertreatment of pain is a common event in the general population but little is known about these issues in indigenous peoples. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and cultural aspects of pain management in five ethnicities of the Brazilian Amazon. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study carried out with adult indigenous individuals from five ethnicities of the Brazilian Amazon over two scientific expeditions (June–July/2017 and February–March/2019). Pain assessment included etiology, intensity, duration, aggravating and alleviating factors, body location, impact of pain on activities of daily living, and treatment. Results Ninety indigenous individuals with a mean age of 41.42 ± 19.59 years (range 19‒98 years) and median age of 37 years participated in the study. Sixty-four individuals (71.1%) reported experiencing pain at the time of interview with intermittent musculoskeletal pain of strong intensity being the more prevalent (back pain: 45.3%, joint pain: 43.7%) followed by headache (26.5%). The main alleviating factors reported were traditional indigenous medicine (21.0%) and rest (30.0%), and physical exertion was the main aggravating factor (69.0%). Most study participants reported that pain affected their mood, activities of daily living, and sleep and that they used both traditional indigenous medicine (78.0%) and conventional medicine (81.0%) for pain relief. Conclusion Musculoskeletal pain is prevalent among indigenous individuals, affects their quality of life, and is partly attributed to their lifestyle. Cultural aspects mediating the pain experience were observed. Traditional indigenous medicine for pain relief remains partially preserved among the ethnic groups investigated. The findings of this study can help improve the delivery care to these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Barbosa de Moraes
- Israeli Faculty of Health Sciences Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliseth Ribeiro Leão
- Research Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jo H, Lim OB, Ahn YS, Chang SJ, Koh SB. Negative Impacts of Prolonged Standing at Work on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Physical Fatigue: The Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:510-519. [PMID: 34027638 PMCID: PMC8149936 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.6.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate variations in the risk of low back pain (LBP), lower extremity muscle pain, and whole body fatigue according to differences in prolonged standing work hours in relation to risk factor exposure and rest frequency. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey data collected in 2017, data for 32970 full-time workers who worked for more than 1 year at their present job were analyzed. We classified the workers according to exposure to fatigue or painful postures, carrying heavy objects, performance of repetitive movements that burden the musculoskeletal system, and how often they took a break. Relationships between time spent in a standing posture at work and risks of LBP, lower extremity muscle pain, and whole body fatigue were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of the full-time workers in the survey, 48.7% worked in a standing position for more than half of their total working hours. A higher odds ratio (OR) value for lower extremity muscle pain was observed in female not exposed to carrying heavy objects [OR: 3.551, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.038-4.150] and not exposed to performing repetitive movements (OR: 3.555, 95% CI: 2.761-4.557). CONCLUSION Changes in work methodologies are needed to lower the number of hours spent in a prolonged standing posture at work, including being able to rest when workers want to do so, to reduce pain and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Hallym University Graduate School of Health Science, Chuncheon, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - One Bin Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yonsei University College of Health Science, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeon Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sei Jin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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14
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Castillo F, Mora AM, Kayser GL, Vanos J, Hyland C, Yang AR, Eskenazi B. Environmental Health Threats to Latino Migrant Farmworkers. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:257-276. [PMID: 33395542 PMCID: PMC8168948 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of farmworkers in the United States are Latino migrants, and about 50% of hired farmworkers do not have authorization to work in the United States. Farmworkers face numerous chemical, physical, and biological threats to their health. The adverse effects of these hazards may be amplified among Latino migrant farmworkers, who are concurrently exposed to various psychosocial stressors. Factors such as documentation status, potential lack of authorization to work in the United States, and language and cultural barriers may also prevent Latino migrants from accessing federal aid, legal assistance, and health programs. These environmental, occupational, and social hazards may further exacerbate existing health disparities among US Latinos. This population is also likely to be disproportionately impacted by emerging threats, including climate change and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Latino migrant farmworkers are essential to agriculture in the United States, and actions are needed to protect this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Castillo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Georgia L Kayser
- Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Jennifer Vanos
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
| | - Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
| | - Audrey R Yang
- Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
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15
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Evaluation of a Passive Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Applied to Assist Farming Activities in Fruit Orchards. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is a common occupational injury. Among the occupational injuries of agricultural workers, 93% are related to WMSD, with the shoulder being the second most affected area. This paper presents a passive upper-limb exoskeleton (PULE) with a gas spring and four-bar mechanism developed to aid the daily activities associated with orchard farming. The PULE is used to assist the arm-lifting process, reducing the physical exertion of farmers and the risk of developing WMSD. Electromyography (EMG) measurements of 26 participants were obtained to evaluate the difference in physical exertion with and without the PULE. Two arm activities: fruit thinning, with the arms raised and maintained at 100°, and pesticide spraying, with the hands swinging from 0° to 100° and back, were simulated. Using the PULE decreased muscle tension of the anterior deltoid (AD) by 17.64–19.86%. The PULE also decreased the AD activity by 37.67–39.57% during the actual orchard farming operations. The Qualisys motion capture system indicated that the difference in the lifting angle of the upper limb with and without the PULE was less than 1° and not significant (α > 0.05). Thus, the PULE did not affect the flexibility of the wearer in orchard farming activities.
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16
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Romano E, Bisaglia C, Calcante A, Oberti R, Zani A, Vinnikov D, Marconi A, Vitale E, Bracci M, Rapisarda V. Assessment of Comfort Variation among Different Types of Driving Agricultural Tractors: Traditional, Satellite-Assisted and Semi-Automatic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238836. [PMID: 33261149 PMCID: PMC7730608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, in the agricultural field, geo-localization has been introduced in order to develop specific farming processes, optimize resources, and reduce environmental pollution. Researchers have found alternative driving methods to traditional ones, such as assisted and semi-automatic driving. The aim of this study was to monitor the musculoskeletal efforts necessary to carry out different kinds of driving. The muscular strain was assessed using surface electromyographic devices, the distribution of the pressure exerted by the operator’s body on the seat was observed by using two barometric pads applied on the seat back and on the seat, respectively, while the body movements and postures were analyzed through a Microsoft Kinect Camera 3D acquisition system. Results showed a significantly greater muscular activation during manual and assisted driving conditions. The pressure exerted by the operator on the barometric pads was significantly higher in manual and semi-automatic driving modes than in the assisted one. A remarkable increase in the average swinging speed of examined joints was also detected, as well as the distances run by the joints in semi-automatic driving. From our study, assisted driving seems to be the best driving mode both in terms of joint economy and from the efficiency of agricultural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Romano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Bisaglia
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, 24047 Treviglio, Italy; (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Aldo Calcante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (R.O.); (A.Z.)
| | - Roberto Oberti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (R.O.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alberto Zani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.); (R.O.); (A.Z.)
| | - Denis Vinnikov
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-based Medicine, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.)
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3200783786
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.)
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17
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Thamsuwan O, Galvin K, Tchong-French M, Aulck L, Boyle LN, Ching RP, McQuade KJ, Johnson PW. Comparisons of physical exposure between workers harvesting apples on mobile orchard platforms and ladders, part 1: Back and upper arm postures. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 89:103193. [PMID: 32771690 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study compared farmworkers' exposure to non-neutral postures using a new mobile platform apple harvesting method and the traditional method using ladders. Twenty-four workers were recruited and assigned into three groups: ladder workers (n = 8) picking apples from full trees using a ladder, mobile platform workers (n = 8) picking apples from upper part of the trees while standing on a moving platform, and ground-based mobile platform workers (n = 8) picking apples from lower part of the trees which the mobile platform workers left out. Upper arm and back inclinations were continuously monitored during harvesting using tri-axial accelerometers over full work shifts (~8 h). Upper arm posture was characterized as the percentage of time that upper arm flexion and abduction exceeded 30°, 60°, and 90°. Back posture was characterized as the percentage of time that torso angles (sagittal flexion or lateral bending) exceeded 10°, 20°, and 30°. The 10th, 50th, and 90th postural percentiles were also calculated. The platform workers had lower exposures to upper arm flexion and abduction than the ground and ladder workers. There were no differences in torso angles between the ladder and mobile platform workers; however, the ground workers were exposed to more and greater percentages of time in torso flexions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornwipa Thamsuwan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Kit Galvin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Tchong-French
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lovenoor Aulck
- Information School, University of Washington, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linda Ng Boyle
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Randal P Ching
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin J McQuade
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter W Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Thamsuwan O, Milosavljevic S, Srinivasan D, Trask C. Potential exoskeleton uses for reducing low back muscular activity during farm tasks. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:1017-1028. [PMID: 32926450 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the sustainability of the agricultural workforce has been threatened by the high prevalence of back pain, developing effective interventions to reduce its burden within farming will contribute to the long-term health and productivity of workers. Passive back-support exoskeletons are being explored as an intervention to reduce the physical demands on the back muscles, and consequently mitigate the risk of back pain, in many industrial sectors. METHODS This study investigated whether exoskeleton use could reduce farmers' low back muscle load. Electromyography was used to evaluate exoskeleton use in field and laboratory settings. A total of 14 farmers (13 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 49 (SD = 12) years and 6 female nonfarmers (mean age 28, SD = 5 years) performed a standardized set of tasks that included symmetric and asymmetric lifting and sustained trunk flexion. Following the standardized tasks, 14 farmers also performed regular, real-world, farm tasks with and without use of the exoskeleton at their farms. RESULTS Exoskeleton use decreased back muscular load during farming activities up to 65%, 56%, and 48% in static, median, and peak muscle activity, respectively. This indicates potential benefits of exoskeleton use to help farmers work under less muscular load. Paradoxically, exoskeleton use during standardized tasks increased muscle activity for some participants. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential effects of using passive exoskeletons in agriculture through observational and experimental research, and is among the first that explores the potential for using exoskeletons during actual work tasks in farm settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornwipa Thamsuwan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada
| | | | - Divya Srinivasan
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Catherine Trask
- Ergonomics Division, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
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19
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Kearney GD, Berkner AN, Langley RL, Little NRG, Wambui DW. Occupational Hazards and Health and Safety Risks for Latino Tree Trimmers in the Pine Forest Industry. New Solut 2020; 30:183-191. [PMID: 32787511 DOI: 10.1177/1048291120947480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the working conditions and work-related body pain among Latino immigrant tree trimmers (n = 57) in the commercial pine forest service industry. Participants were interviewed about personal and work characteristics, job-related occupational hazards, and body pain. A structured questionnaire and a body pain diagram were used as measures for evaluating associations between personal and work characteristics and body pain. The most common health complaints were physical exhaustion (80.7 percent) and headache (33.9 percent). The reported percent of work-related body pain was 54.4 percent. Statistically significant associations were identified between experiencing body pain in knees, working more than two years, and working more than six hours per day (p < .05) as a tree trimmer. Thorough clinical evaluations are needed to confirm these findings. Future research including a larger sample size and more in-depth evaluations are needed to better evaluate worker tasks, musculoskeletal risk factors, and safety climate issues among this highly vulnerable occupational group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Kearney
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ashley N Berkner
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ricky L Langley
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - N Ruth Gaskins Little
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David W Wambui
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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20
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Upper Limb's Injuries in Agriculture: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124501. [PMID: 32585878 PMCID: PMC7345507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the most hazardous economic sectors, and it accounts for many accidents and occupational diseases every year. In Italy, about one-third of injuries involve the upper extremity, with long-term consequences for the workers and economic damage for agricultural companies and farms. This systematic review describes upper limb injuries among farmworkers, especially hand injuries, and highlights the main dangerous risk factors. Literature review included articles published in the major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus), using a combination of some relevant keywords. This online search yielded 951 references; after selection, the authors analyzed 53 articles (3 narrative reviews and 50 original articles). From this analysis, it appears that younger male farmers are mostly involved, especially in the harvesting season. The upper limb and hand are often the body parts that sustain most damage as these are mostly involved in driving tractors or tools. The most frequent type of lesions are open wounds, lacerations, fractures, strains, and overexertion lesions. Sometimes, a distracting element (such as mobile phone use, quarrels, working hours load) is present; poor use of protective devices and lack of safety design in tools can also increase the risk of accidents. For these reasons, in the agricultural sector, a system of health promotion and good practices is needed to promote workers' awareness of the sources of risk, highlight more dangerous situations and apply organizational behavioral measures.
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21
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A Review on Ergonomics in Agriculture. Part II: Mechanized Operations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have long been recognized as the most common risks that operation of agricultural machineries poses, thus, undermining the ability to labor and quality of life. The purpose of this investigation was to thoroughly review the recent scholarly literature on ergonomics in agricultural mechanized operations; Methods: Electronic database research over the last ten years was conducted based on specific inclusion criteria. Furthermore, an assessment of the methodological quality and strength of evidence of potential risk factors causing MSDs was performed; Results: The results demonstrated that ergonomics in agriculture is an interdisciplinary topic and concerns both developed and developing countries. The machines with driving seats seem to be associated with painful disorders of the low back, while handheld machines with disorders of the upper extremities. The main roots of these disorders are the whole-body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm transmitted vibration (HATV). However, personal characteristics, awkward postures, mechanical shocks and seat discomfort were also recognized to cause MSDs; Conclusions: The present ergonomic interventions aim mainly at damping of vibrations and improving the comfort of operator. Nevertheless, more collaborative efforts among physicians, ergonomists, engineers and manufacturers are required in terms of both creating new ergonomic technologies and increasing the awareness of workers for the involved risk factors.
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22
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Roquelaure Y, Jégo S, Geoffroy-Perez B, Chazelle E, Descatha A, Evanoff B, Garlantézec R, Bodin J. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Male French Farmers and Agricultural Workers: Is It Only Associated With Physical Exposure? Saf Health Work 2020; 11:33-40. [PMID: 32206372 PMCID: PMC7078553 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exploratory study to investigate whether co-exposure to physical wrist stressors and chemicals is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in French male farmers and agricultural workers. Methods Cross-sectional study of 711 men aged 30–65 years and working as either farmers or agricultural workers in 2009–2010 within a cohort covered by the French Agricultural Workers' and Farmers' Mutual Benefit Fund. CTS and exposure to physical wrist stressors and chemicals were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Associations between CTS and personal/medical factors, exposure to physical wrist stressors, exposure to chemicals, and co-exposure to physical wrist stressors and chemicals were studied using multivariate logistic regression models. Results Forty-four men {5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0–7.7]} reported that they had suffered from unilateral/bilateral CTS during the last 12 months. CTS was associated with age, current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1 (1.0–4.5)], and exposure to physical wrist stressors [OR = 2.6 (1.1–5.9)]. An association was found between CTS and co-exposure to physical wrist stressors and chemicals [OR = 3.3 (0.8–14.3), p = 0.044] in comparison with the no-exposure group. Conclusions This exploratory study shows an association of CTS with exposure to biomechanical wrist stressors in male farmers and agricultural workers and suggests an association of CTS with co-exposure to physical wrist stressors and chemicals. Owing to the limitations of the study, this result must be confirmed by a prospective study with objective assessments of the outcome and exposure before drawing conclusions on the possible synergistic effects of mechanical stressors and chemicals on the impairment of the median nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Roquelaure
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Sylvaine Jégo
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Geoffroy-Perez
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Direction of Occupational Health, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Emilie Chazelle
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Direction of Occupational Health, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexis Descatha
- INSERM UMS 011, Population Based Epidemiological Cohorts Unit and University Versailles St-Quentin, F-78035, Versailles, France
| | - Bradley Evanoff
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of General Medical Sciences, St. Louis, MO, 63310, USA
| | - Ronan Garlantézec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Bodin
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000, Angers, France
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23
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Habib RR, Ziadee M, Abi Younes E, Harastani H. Syrian refugee child workers: Gender differences in ergonomic exposures and musculoskeletal health. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2020; 83:102983. [PMID: 31731094 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores sex/gender-related differences in ergonomic exposures and musculoskeletal disorders for 4090 working Syrian refugee children (>8-≤18 years) in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon (n = 2107 males; n = 1983 females). Data was collected on demographic, occupational, and socioeconomic indicators and musculoskeletal disorders. Results revealed that children engaged in strenuous work. Ergonomic exposures differed by sex/gender, with girls more likely to engage in repetitive movements and boys in heavy lifting. Girls bore a double burden of work inside and outside their households and were more prone to wrist and hand pain. More girls reported working under pressure to finish their job on time while more boys reported that their salary is based on finishing a specific number of items per day. Syrian refugee child workers need immediate protection to safeguard their health. Interventions could target children of legal age for work in safer conditions and keep younger children out of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Habib
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - M Ziadee
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - E Abi Younes
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Harastani
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Fethke NB, Schall MC, Chen H, Branch CA, Merlino LA. Biomechanical factors during common agricultural activities: Results of on-farm exposure assessments using direct measurement methods. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2020; 17:85-96. [PMID: 32069181 PMCID: PMC8256625 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2020.1717502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural work is associated with increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to quantify exposure to biomechanical factors among a sample (n = 55) of farmers in the Midwest region of the U.S. while they performed a variety of routine agricultural activities, and to compare exposure levels between these activities. Surface electromyography was used to estimate activity levels of the erector spinae, upper trapezius, forearm flexor, and forearm extensor muscle groups. Simultaneously, inertial sensors were used to measure kinematics of the trunk, upper arm, and wrist. In general, lower muscle activity levels, less extreme postures, and slower movement speeds were observed during activities that involved primarily the use of agricultural machinery in comparison to manual activities, suggesting a potential advantage of mechanization relative to musculoskeletal health. Median wrist movement speeds exceeding recently proposed exposure thresholds were also observed during many manual activities, such as milking animals and repairing equipment. Upper arm postures and movement speeds did not appear to confer excessive risk for shoulder-related outcomes (on the whole), but interpretation of the results is limited by a sampling approach that may not have captured the full extent of exposure variation. Not surprisingly, substantial variation in exposure levels were observed within each agricultural activity, which is related to substantial variation in the equipment, tools, and work practices used by participants. Ultimately, the results of this study contribute to an emerging literature in which the physical demands of routine agricultural work have been described on the basis of sensor-based measurements rather than more common self-report or observation-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Fethke
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark C Schall
- Industrial & Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Howard Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Linda A Merlino
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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25
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Arabian A, Omidi L, Bakhshi E, Ghanbari A, Torabinassaj E, Zakerian SA. Assessment of occupational safety, health, and ergonomics issues in agriculture in some cities of Iran. Work 2019; 65:89-96. [PMID: 31868715 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iran has a variety of climates which support agriculture in different seasons. Hence, a significant proportion of people, especially in rural areas, are engaged in farming. Agriculture is considered one of the most insecure job sectors in developing and developed countries. OBJECTIVE Since there is no comprehensive study on safety, health, and ergonomics issues in Iran's agriculture, it is necessary to use checkpoints to assess occupational safety, health, and ergonomics issues in Iran's agriculture. METHODS In this study, 430 villages from seven provinces of Iran were selected to study safety, health, and ergonomics in agriculture using ergonomic checkpoints. The checkpoints were collected with the help of rural health centers. RESULTS The results of the study showed that the villages of Kurdistan Province had the best safety, health, and working conditions (66.12%); and Khuzestan province villages had the worst safety, health, and working conditions (38.16%). Among the ergonomic checkpoints in agriculture, the control of hazardous chemicals (CHC) index with 71.41% and work organization and work schedule (WOWS) index with 35.25% represented the best and worst ergonomic conditions of the study villages, respectively. Furthermore, the general index of ergonomics in agriculture for the study villages was 53.64%. Therefore, Khuzestan Province and the WOWS index top the priorities for corrective actions to improve the safety, health and working conditions in agriculture. CONCLUSIONS The ergonomics indices in Iranian agriculture are important, and should be prioritized for corrective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arabian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Omidi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Bakhshi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Torabinassaj
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Kee D, Haslam R. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture workers in Korea and preventative interventions. Work 2019; 64:763-775. [PMID: 31815716 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are estimated to be the most common and frequent of all occupational diseases in agriculture in Korea, but the full extent of the problem has yet to be surveyed. OBJECTIVE This paper presents the results of a survey investigating the extent of WMSDs among self-employed farmers in Korea. It also describes ergonomics based preventive interventions initiated by the Korean government. METHOD The prevalence of WMSDs was surveyed among 358 farmers using a questionnaire adapted from the Nordic questionnaires, employing three case definitions. RESULTS The results showed that the overall prevalence rates of WMSDs by case definition 1 (any symptoms), 2 (symptoms with a pain intensity of moderate or greater), and 3 (symptoms with a pain intensity of high or greater) were 97.2%, 83.2%, and 39.7% respectively and that the shoulder, knee and lower back disorder rates were higher than those of other body parts. Compared to the prevalence rates of WMSDs for workers in other industries in Korea as well as USA farmers, the overall rates for farmers in Korea were much higher. The interventions, which adopted a participatory approach involving government, farmers, ergonomics, technical and industrial hygiene experts, showed benefits in terms of work efficiency, safety and farmer satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The high WMSD symptom prevalence showed that agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries in Korea, and the Korean government's interventions were effective and successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kee
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Roger Haslam
- Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Mokarami H, Varmazyar S, Kazemi R, Taghavi SM, Stallones L, Marioryad H, Farahmand F. Low cost ergonomic interventions to reduce risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorders during dairy farming. Work 2019; 64:195-201. [PMID: 31524189 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mokarami
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sakineh Varmazyar
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Lorann Stallones
- Colorado Injury Control Research Center, Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hossein Marioryad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Faramarz Farahmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fethke NB, Schall MC, Merlino LA, Chen H, Branch CA, Ramaswamy M. Whole-Body Vibration and Trunk Posture During Operation of Agricultural Machinery. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:1123-1133. [PMID: 30239568 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) is common among agricultural workers and is associated with musculoskeletal health outcomes such as low back pain. Little is known, however, about the characteristics of exposure experienced during actual production practices. We measured WBV levels during agricultural machinery use among a sample of farmers (n = 55) performing routine agricultural activities and explored machinery attributes that may explain WBV summary measures. We also measured trunk posture to provide additional information about physical exposures during machinery operation. Measurements were made on-farm and during actual work conditions of a sample of agricultural machines (n = 112), including tractors, combines, heavy utility vehicles, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Results indicated the presence of high levels of vibration (median frequency-weighted root-mean-square acceleration of approximately 0.8 m s-2) with time signatures that include high-amplitude mechanical shocks (median crest factor of nearly 23). Compared to other machinery types, combines exhibited the lowest WBV levels and among the most favorable trunk postures. Substantial variability was observed in both the WBV and trunk posture summary measures, suggesting for future studies that alternative sampling strategies are needed to fully capture temporal patterns of machinery use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Fethke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Shelby Center Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Linda A Merlino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Wiggins Hall Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cassidy A Branch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maya Ramaswamy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
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Khan MI, Bath B, Kociolek A, Zeng X, Koehncke N, Trask C. Trunk Posture Exposure Patterns among Prairie Ranch and Grain Farmers. J Agromedicine 2019; 25:210-220. [PMID: 31517593 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1659200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Low back disorders (LBD) are the most common musculoskeletal disorder among farmers, and awkward trunk postures such as repetitive bending are often cited as a contributor. However, it is not clear whether trends of increasing mechanization in agriculture may be impacting the requirement for trunk-intensive tasks. This study compared the patterns of working trunk posture among prairie farmers during both machine-intensive and non-intensive work days.Methods: Forty-nine adult farm workers from 22 farms participated in this study. Individual and farm characteristics were documented via questionnaire. Trunk angles and velocities were measured with an I2M inertial sensor placed on the chest. Participants completed electronic posture assessments during up to three regular work days throughout the growing season for a total of 91 electronic posture measurements. Forward and lateral trunk bending patterns were expressed in three domains: magnitude, duration, and frequency.Results: Working tasks were categorized into driving, manual, and mixed. Driving was the most commonly measured task (52% of work days), and mixed tasks the least (12%). Both 90th percentile trunk flexion-extension angles and velocities were significantly higher for manual as compared to driving tasks. Participants spent 38% of their working time in trunk forward flexion ≥ 20°, which, according to previous epidemiological studies, may increase their risk for LBD.Conclusion: The directly-measured trunk posture exposure patterns in this study suggest that machinery-intensive workdays result in less awkward trunk posture and lower velocities. Increasing mechanization invites more research on the exposures associated with machinery operation and increasing automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Brenna Bath
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aaron Kociolek
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Zeng
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Niels Koehncke
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Catherine Trask
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Keteyian C, Schwatka N, Dally M, Tran M, Shore E, Weitzenkamp D, Newman LS. The impact of industry and body part injured on repeat workers' compensation claims. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:680-690. [PMID: 31291037 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies investigate the influence of body part injured and industry on future workers' compensation claims. METHODS Using claims incurred from 1 January 2005 to 31 July 2015 (n = 77 494) from the largest workers' compensation insurer in Colorado, we assessed associations between worker characteristics, second claims involving any body part and the same body part. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to approximate the probability of a second claim. RESULTS First claims represented 74.9% (n = 58 007) and second claims 25.2% (n = 19 487) of total claims. Sex, age, industry, and body part of the first claim were associated with the probability of second claims and the body part affected. The 5-year probabilities of second claims and same body part second claims were 27.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.6%-27.5%) and 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9%-6.5%) in males and 26.5% (95% CI: 26.0%-27.0%) and 6.7% (95% CI: 6.5%-7.0%) in females. Most second claims occurred within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Most second claims occur within 3 years. Body part and industry-specific injury patterns suggest missed opportunities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtland Keteyian
- Occupational Health, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
- Prevention and Community Health, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
- Jackson Health Network, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
| | - Natalie Schwatka
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Molly Tran
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Erin Shore
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - David Weitzenkamp
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Lee S. Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
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31
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Fels DI, Blackler A, Cook D, Foth M. Ergonomics in apiculture: A case study based on inspecting movable frame hives for healthy bee activities. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01973. [PMID: 31334369 PMCID: PMC6617107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural sector suffers from high risk of injury and damage to human health. There is considerable research not only identifying these risks but also finding ways to mitigate them. Beekeeping or apiculture, recognised as part of this sector, has many risk factors such as heavy lifting, high degree of manual materials handling, twisting, and awkward positioning common to all agriculture areas. It also has some unique risks such as those resulting from bee stings and smokers. However, there is much less attention focused on the health and safety of apiculture to the human beekeepers, and much more attention focused on bee health and safety. An ergonomics case study on beekeeping inspection tasks involving three independent, local beekeepers showed that many tasks involve awkward positions of the body, arms and hands, excessive lifting well beyond recommended weight limits, eye strain, and chemical and sting exposure. In addition, beekeepers are more interested in bee and hive health rather than reducing human-centred risk factors such as those due to excessive lifting. Standard ergonomics interventions such as a magnifier inspection and lift assist systems as well as interventions unique to beekeeping such as a smokeless method of calming bees are recommended. The beekeeping industry seems to have been forgotten in the modernisation of technology and agricultural practices. This paper offers some initial insights into possible points for research, development and improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Fels
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Canada
| | - A Blackler
- School of Design, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Cook
- School of Design, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Foth
- School of Design, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Agriculture has historically been one of the most hazardous of all occupations, with a variety of potential safety risks to workers and even higher risks documented for older agricultural workers. This study was undertaken to document and summarize Indiana farm work-related fatalities involving persons 55 years and older over the 30 year period from 1988 to 2017. Data were mined from the Purdue University Agricultural Safety and Health Program’s Fatality Database that dates back to the 1960s. A total of 388 fatalities involving persons 55 years and older was documented. The average age of the victims was 69.3 years old, and an overwhelming majority of the cases involved males (96.1%). The average number of deaths per year has remained fairly consistent, though it has occasionally been erratic, with an unanticipated increase in the number of documented fatalities over the period 2012–2017. There appeared to be a direct positive correlation between the level or intensity of agricultural production in a county and the frequency of fatalities. The type of fatal injury most commonly reported was crush/run-over, with 229 cases (59%). The most common agent or source of injury involved was tractors, with 157 cases (40.5%). Another noted contributing factor was the high frequency of incidents in which the victim was reported to be working alone at the time of death. Findings will be used to develop evidence-based injury prevention strategies, including the development of agricultural safety training materials and methods more relevant to older farmers. A special emphasis should be placed on reducing the risk of tractor and farm machinery overturns, especially when older, non-roll over protection structure (ROPS) equipped tractors are being operated.
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Upasani S, Franco R, Niewolny K, Srinivasan D. The Potential for Exoskeletons to Improve Health and Safety in Agriculture—Perspectives from Service Providers. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24725838.2019.1575930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Upasani
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Roberto Franco
- Department of Agricultural, Leadership, and Community Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kim Niewolny
- Department of Agricultural, Leadership, and Community Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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34
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Ma CC, Gu JK, Charles LE, Andrew ME, Dong RG, Burchfiel CM. Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in the United States: 2006, 2009, and 2014 National Health Interview Survey. Work 2019; 60:623-634. [PMID: 30124463 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual incidence rate of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (WUEMSDs) is increasing in US workers according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers has not been estimated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers and among each of major occupations and industries. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey Arthritis supplements (2006, 2009, and 2014) among 50,218 current workers (age ≥18 years) to estimate the 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs and of WUEMSDs affecting work using the SAS-callable SUDAAN software. RESULTS About 11.2 million workers reported WUEMSDs based on three surveys (2006, 2009, and 2014). The 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs was 8.23% the prevalence of WUEMSDs affecting work was 1.24%. The Construction occupation and industry had the highest age- and sex-adjusted 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs (10.98% for Construction occupation; 9.94% for Construction industry) and WUEMSDs affecting work (3.32% for Construction occupation; 2.31% Construction industry). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that construction workers had the highest prevalence of both WUEMSDs and WUEMSDs affecting work. They may be a priority group for interventions to reduce upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Ma
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ja Kook Gu
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ren G Dong
- Engineering and Control Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cecil M Burchfiel
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Immigrant Legal Status and Health: Legal Status Disparities in Chronic Conditions and Musculoskeletal Pain Among Mexican-Born Farm Workers in the United States. Demography 2018; 56:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13524-018-0746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immigrant legal status determines access to the rights and privileges of U.S. society. Legal status may be conceived of as a fundamental cause of health, producing a health disparity whereby unauthorized immigrants are disadvantaged relative to authorized immigrants, a perspective that is supported by research on legal status disparities in self-rated health and mental health. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on legal status disparities in physical health and examined whether a legal status disparity exists in chronic conditions and musculoskeletal pain among 17,462 Mexican-born immigrants employed as farm workers in the United States and surveyed in the National Agricultural Workers Survey between 2000 and 2015. We found that unauthorized, Mexican-born farm workers have a lower incidence of chronic conditions and lower prevalence of pain compared with authorized farm workers. Furthermore, we found a legal status gradient in health whereby naturalized U.S. citizens report the worst health, followed by legal permanent residents and unauthorized immigrants. Although inconsistent with fundamental cause theory, our results were robust to alternative specifications and consistent with a small body of existing research on legal status disparities in physical health. Although it is well known that Mexican immigrants have better-than-expected health outcomes given their social disadvantage, we suggest that an epidemiologic paradox may also apply to within-immigrant disparities by legal status. We offer several explanations for the counterintuitive result.
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Nuraydın A, Bilek Ö, Kenziman AK, Korkusuz MA, Atagün Aİ, Çakar NÖ, Özer N, Deniz S, Başaralı MK, Özlü A, Sandal A, Van der Laan G, Yıldız AN. The Mersin Greenhouse Workers Study. Surveillance of Work-related Skin, Respiratory, and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:504-511. [PMID: 30835382 PMCID: PMC6748250 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin, respiratory, and musculoskeletal diseases in greenhouse workers are frequently observed due to exposure to plant products and pesticides in enclosed conditions and ergonomic risks. Current studies on occupational health risks of greenhouse workers in Turkey are insufficient. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess work-related skin, respiratory, and musculoskeletal diseases in greenhouse workers in the Erdemli province, Mersin, an area with a workforce predominantly active as greenhouse workers. Methods: The study population consists of adult greenhouse workers, who visited their family physician between June 12–14, 2017 and were diagnosed with dermatological, respiratory, and musculoskeletal diseases. Immediately after this consultation, occupational physicians conducted face-to-face interviews, asking questions about sociodemographic features and occupational factors including current and previous work, current exposures and relation of current symptoms with work. Results: In total, 423 workers with 555 diagnoses were included in the study. Percentages of diagnoses were 30.1%, 21.6% and 48.3%, for skin, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases respectively. Nearly half of participants had taken an absence from work due to those diseases. Mean age of onset for greenhouse working was 15.5 years. Almost all participants (96.2%) reported contact with chemicals, and usage of respiratory protection was low (17.3%). Pesticides were regarded as a risk factor by nearly two-thirds of workers with skin or respiratory system disorders. Participants’ answers to questions regarding the relationship between their diseases and their work was positive for more than half of patients and patients with skin and respiratory diseases. Nearly half of the patients with musculoskeletal diseases attributed their complaints to physical overload at work. Conclusions: We found evidence of work-relatedness in almost half of the 555 greenhouse workers with dermatological, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases. These findings are helpful in creating an awareness program. There is a need for a more detailed assessment of the cases and the related working conditions to start a tailored prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Nuraydın
- Ministry of Health, Mersin Public Health Directorate, Mersin, TR
| | - Özgür Bilek
- Ministry of Health, Mardin Public Health Directorate, Mardin, TR
| | | | | | - Ali İhsan Atagün
- Ministry of Health, Mersin Public Health Directorate, Mersin, TR
| | | | - Naci Özer
- Ministry of Health, Mersin Public Health Directorate, Mersin, TR
| | - Serdar Deniz
- Ministry of Health, Mersin Public Health Directorate, Mersin, TR
| | | | - Ahmet Özlü
- Ministry of Health, Turkish Public Health Institution, Ankara, TR
| | - Abdulsamet Sandal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Occupational Medicine, Ankara, TR
| | - Gert Van der Laan
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, IT.,Medical Centre of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL
| | - Ali Naci Yıldız
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, TR
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Ahn G, Hur S, Jung MC. Bayesian network model to diagnose WMSDs with working characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2018; 26:336-347. [PMID: 30033819 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1502131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim. It is essential to understand the extent to which job characteristics impact work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), and to calculate the probability that an employee will suffer from a musculoskeletal disorder given their working conditions. The objective of this research is to identify the relationships between WMSDs and working characteristics, by developing a Bayesian network (BN) model to calculate the probability that an employee suffers from a musculoskeletal disorder. Methods. A conceptual model was constructed based on a BN. This was then statistically tested and corrected to establish a BN model. Results. Experiments verified that the BN model achieves a better diagnostic performance than artificial neural network, support vector machine and decision tree approaches, and is robust in diagnosing WMSDs given working characteristics. Conclusion. It was verified that working characteristics, such as working hours and pace, impact the incidence rate of WMSDs, and a BN model was developed to probabilistically diagnose WMSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilseung Ahn
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hur
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Chul Jung
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
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Ge H, Sun X, Liu J, Zhang C. The Status of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its Influence on the Working Ability of Oil Workers in Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E842. [PMID: 29695120 PMCID: PMC5981881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and its influence on the working ability of oil workers, and to provide a theoretical basis for helping lessen the burden of MSDs and improve the man-machine environment of oil workers. The cluster sampling method was used to study 2000 workers who had been employed for more than 1 year in this field. We investigated the prevalence rate and the work ability index (WAI). A total of 1935 valid questionnaires were collected, a response rate of 96.75%. There were 1639 people who had suffered from MSDs in the past year, a prevalence rate of 84.7%. The damage detection rate in female oil workers was higher than in males, and the damage detection rate in workers aged 30 to 45 years was higher than that in the other two age groups. The detection rate in less highly-educated oil workers was higher than that in more highly-educated workers. The detection rate in divorced workers was higher than that in other groups. The detection rate in workers between the number of working years of 18 to 25 years was higher than in the other two groups. The detection rate in workers with a high professional title was significantly higher than that in lower-titled workers (p < 0.05). The results showed that the WAI scores of the subjects with MSDs were significantly lower than for subjects without MSDs (p < 0.05). In a logistic regression analysis, sex, number of working years and WAI index all had an impact on MSDs. We concluded that due to the demands of their role, the oil workers had serious MSDs that influenced their working ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jiwen Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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TePoel M, Rohlman D, Shaw M. The Impact of Work Demand and Gender on Occupational and Psychosocial Stress in Hispanic Farmworkers. J Agric Saf Health 2018; 23:109-123. [PMID: 29140633 DOI: 10.13031/jash.11753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hispanic farmworkers experience hazardous work conditions, language barriers, poverty, and limited healthcare access that increase their risk for health problems. We sought to characterize occupational and lifestyle stressors in farmworker couples and to examine the impact of seasonal work demand and gender on health outcomes. We administered surveys to 31 couples (N = 62) in May (low work demand) and September (high work demand) of 2012. Measures included acculturation, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, quality of life, decision latitude, support (supervisor, co-worker), and work-family conflict. This population did not report significant differences in stress in low and high work demand times. Women reported more work-family conflict (F = 19.06, p 0.0001; F = 11.28, p = 0.0015) and less supervisor support (F = 6.56, p = 0.0135). Women experienced more conflict between work and family and less support at work. This group reported low depressive symptomology and moderate levels of stress; a subset reported elevated levels.
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40
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Jain R, Meena ML, Dangayach GS, Bhardwaj AK. Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders in manual-working farmers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:19-28. [PMID: 28151057 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1289890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study is aimed at recognizing the risk factors for major work-related issues (ie, musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs]) among 138 manual-working farmers. Data were collected using modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score sheet. Different factors influencing MSDs were detected using logistic regression methods. The highest occurrence rate for MSDs was observed in the lower back (71.4%), followed by fingers (62.1%), shoulders (56.4%), and hands/wrists (55%). Factors such as age, gender, daily working hours, hand dominance, perceived fatigue, and work experience were found to be associated with MSDs in one or more upper body regions. The outcome of multinomial regression showed that gender is the most influencing factor for MSDs in all upper body regions except the shoulders. The outcomes of study indicate high occurrence of MSDs among manual-working farmers and highlight the significance of individual and work-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - M L Meena
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - G S Dangayach
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - A K Bhardwaj
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
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Neubert MS, Karukunchit U, Puntumetakul R. Identification of influential demographic and work-related risk factors associated to lower extremity pain perception among rice farmers. Work 2017; 58:489-498. [PMID: 29254134 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and abnormal alignments of the lower extremities (LE) was found for rice farmers. It is important to investigate demographic and work-related risk factors associated with LE pain prior to developing intervention strategies addressing the problematic factors of the highest-risk task. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with LE pain in rice farmers for every stage of the cultivation process. METHODS Thirty experienced farmers (age of 45.9±6.21 (mean±SD)) rated LE pain experienced before and after each cultivation stage using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Risk factors of pain were characterized based on expert risk assessment of tasks due to force, posture and motion, in addition to a conventional survey of demographic and other work-related information. RESULTS Ergonomic risk factors were found to be the strongest predictors of knee and foot pain perception, which induced a substantial increase of pain perception (up to 4.6 times) with varying extent for individual cultivation stages. The highest risk and pain perception was found during the planting performance. Age exhibited significantly positive association with foot pain during planting and harvesting. However, more experienced farmers perceived less foot pain, presumably by developing effective movement strategies. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the planting process should be subject of further intervention development, especially for older farmers, with focus on reducing force, awkward posture and repetitive movement to minimize risk of LE pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manida Swangnetr Neubert
- Department of Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Usa Karukunchit
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Saint Louis College, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Division of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Yung M, Lang AE, Stobart J, Kociolek AM, Milosavljevic S, Trask C. The combined fatigue effects of sequential exposure to seated whole body vibration and physical, mental, or concurrent work demands. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188468. [PMID: 29236752 PMCID: PMC5728521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many occupations in agriculture, construction, transportation, and forestry are non-routine, involving non-cyclical tasks, both discretionary and non-discretionary work breaks, and a mix of work activities. Workers in these industries are exposed to seated whole body vibration (WBV) and tasks consisting of physical, mental, or a combination of demands. Risk assessment tools for non-routinized jobs have emerged but there remains a need to understand the combined effects of different work demands to improve risk assessment methods and ultimately inform ergonomists and workers on optimum work arrangement and scheduling strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate fatigue-related human responses of WBV sequentially combined with physical, mental, or concurrent physical and mental demands. Sixteen healthy participants performed four conditions on four separate days: (1) physically demanding work, (2) mentally demanding work, (3) concurrent work, and (4) control quiet sitting. For each condition, participants performed two 15-minute bouts of the experimental task, separated by 30-minutes of simulated WBV based on realistic all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riding data. A test battery of fatigue measures consisting of biomechanical, physiological, cognitive, and sensorimotor measurements were collected at four interval periods: pre-session, after the first bout of the experimental task and before WBV, after WBV and before the second bout of the experimental task, and post-session. Nine measures demonstrated statistically significant time effects during the control condition; 11, 7, and 12 measures were significant in the physical, mental, and concurrent conditions, respectively. Overall, the effects of seated WBV in combination with different tasks are not additive but possibly synergistic or antagonistic. There appears to be a beneficial effect of seated ATV operation as a means of increasing task variation; but since excessive WBV may independently pose a health risk in the longer-term, these beneficial results may not be sensible as a long-term solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Yung
- Canadian Centre for Health & Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Angelica E. Lang
- School of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jamie Stobart
- Canadian Centre for Health & Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aaron M. Kociolek
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephan Milosavljevic
- School of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Catherine Trask
- Canadian Centre for Health & Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Evaluating Swine Injection Technologies as a Workplace Musculoskeletal Injury Intervention: A Study Protocol. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5094509. [PMID: 29214171 PMCID: PMC5682043 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5094509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of modern swine production has led to many new technologies, including needleless injectors. Although needleless injectors may increase productivity (by reducing injection time) and reduce needlestick injuries, the effect on risk for musculoskeletal disorders is not clear. This project will compare conventional needles with needleless injectors in terms of cost, productivity, injury rates, biomechanical exposures, and worker preference. Muscle activity (EMG) and hand/wrist posture will be measured on swine workers performing injection tasks with both injection methods. Video recordings during the exposure assessments will compare the duration and productivity for each injection method using time-and-motion methods. Injury claim data from up to 60 pig barns will be analyzed for needlestick and musculoskeletal injuries before/after needleless injector adoption. Workers and managers will be asked about what they like and dislike about each method and what helps and hinders successful implementation. The information above will be input into a cost-benefit model to determine the incremental effects of needleless injectors in terms of occupational health, worker preference, and the financial “bottom line” of the farm. Findings will be relevant to the swine industry and are intended to be transferable to other new technologies in animal production.
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Kearney GD, Allen DL, Balanay JAG, Barry P. A Descriptive Study of Body Pain and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Latino Farmworkers Working on Sweet Potato Farms in Eastern North Carolina. J Agromedicine 2017; 21:234-43. [PMID: 27081751 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1178613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural work is a physically demanding occupation. The purpose of this project was to describe the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and self-reported pain among Latino farmworkers who work extensively hand harvesting sweet potatoes. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of farmworkers (N = 120) in eastern North Carolina. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to describe personal, work characteristics, and self-reported pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries. Overall, 79% of farmworkers reported any type of pain or discomfort. The highest reported areas of pain were in the back (66%) and shoulder areas (31%). Younger participants experienced more shoulder pain (P = .04) than older workers, and working more than 5 years as a farmworker was significantly associated with back pain (P = .01). Interventions aimed at administrative and engineering controls for reducing risk factors that contribute to WMSDs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Kearney
- a Department of Public Health , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Daniel L Allen
- a Department of Public Health , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Jo Anne G Balanay
- b Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Health Education and Promotion , College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Paul Barry
- a Department of Public Health , Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
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Castañeda SF, Rosenbaum RP, Holscher JT, Madanat H, Talavera GA. Cardiovascular disease risk factors among Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers. J Agromedicine 2016; 20:95-104. [PMID: 25906268 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Migrant and seasonal (MS) farmworkers are an important component of the US economy. Their unique occupational health concerns have garnered research, but chronic disease research in this population is lacking. It is unclear whether health differences exist between migrant (those who migrate to and travel a distance from the home environment and thus live in temporary housing for the purpose of employment) and seasonal workers (those who work in the agricultural industry on a seasonal basis, whose long-term home environments are often near work locations and thus may be considered more "settled"), since most research presents MS farmworkers as a homogenous group. This study explored potential differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors, (i.e., diabetes, current smoking, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia) by sex and MS status among a sample of 282 English- and Spanish- speaking Latino MS farmworkers in the Midwest using cross-sectional survey and clinical laboratory data. Results showed that in multivariate logistic regression analyses, migrant workers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.15) had a higher likelihood of being obese compared with seasonal workers (P < .05). MS farmworkers did not differ in likelihood of smoking, diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia. In adjusted analyses, females were more likely to be obese (OR = 3.29) and have diabetes (OR = 4.74) compared with males (P < .05); and males were more likely to be current smokers (OR = 7.50) as compared with females (P < .05). This study provides insight into chronic health concerns among this predominantly Latino farmworker population and suggests that future prevention and intervention research may need to focus on sex differences rather than MS farmworker status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F Castañeda
- a Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
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Taylor-Gjevre RM, Trask C, King N, Koehncke N. Prevalence and occupational impact of arthritis in Saskatchewan farmers. J Agromedicine 2016; 20:205-16. [PMID: 25906279 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1009666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural workers have physically demanding occupations. In this study of Saskatchewan farmers, the authors examined (1) self-reported prevalence of physician-diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis; and (2) the impact of these chronic arthridities on engagement in physical tasks related to farming. This study was conducted through a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort Study in which 2,473 adult residents upon 1,216 farms participated. Collected survey data included demographic and health information; regional musculoskeletal symptoms for each participant assessed via the Standard Nordic Questionnaire; and engagement in various specific physical tasks or activities associated with mixed farming practices. Of the 2,473 respondents, 13% reported chronic arthritic diagnoses (10% osteoarthritis, 4% rheumatoid arthritis, with 1% from each category overlapping with both forms of arthritis). Participants reporting arthritis were more likely to also report disabling musculoskeletal symptoms involving their shoulders, elbows, hands, lower back, hips, knees, and ankles. Farmers with arthritis reported less participation in all physical farming activities studied, including various machinery operations, herd maintenance and veterinary activities, overhead work, shoveling/pitchfork work, and lifting/carrying. When adjusted for age, gender, and comorbidities, operation of combines and shoveling/pitchfork work continued to be significantly less engaged in by farmers with arthritis. The overall prevalence of arthritis was consistent with general population prevalence, although the category of rheumatoid arthritis was overrepresented. Farmers with arthritis were significantly less likely to participate in combine operation and shoveling/pitchfork chores compared with their counterparts without arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Taylor-Gjevre
- a Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine , College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Masci F, Mixco A, Brents CA, Murgia L, Colosio C, Rosecrance J. Comparison of Upper Limb Muscle Activity among Workers in Large-Herd U.S. and Small-Herd Italian Dairies. Front Public Health 2016; 4:141. [PMID: 27446904 PMCID: PMC4927623 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Commercial cow milking tasks, regardless of dairy size, have been documented in many regions of the world as strenuous work requiring high muscular effort, awkward positions, and task repetition. Large-herd dairies are common in the U.S., while Europe historically has mostly small-herd dairies. The objective of this study was to compare the upper limb muscle activity during milking tasks between workers at large-herd U.S. dairies and small-herd Italian dairies. This is the first international study directly comparing upper limb muscle activity among dairy workers from different countries using identical methods. METHODS Data were collected at 6 large-herd dairies in the U.S. region of Colorado and at 21 small-herd Italian dairies in the Lombardy region. Surface electromyography (sEMG) from the trapezius, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, wrist flexors, and wrist extensors muscles was recorded from all participating workers (N = 65). Electromyography data were normalized to functional maximum voluntary contractions. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. RESULTS Upper limb muscle activity was generally greater among workers in the large-herd U.S. dairies compared with small-herd Italian dairies. The amount of muscular rest as a percent of the work time was significantly greater among large-herd U.S. dairy workers. CONCLUSION The differences revealed in sEMG and percent muscular rest among workers from the U.S. and Italy are likely due in part to differences in work processes adopted by fast-paced industrialized large-herd dairies compared with the slower, but sustained work processes performed at small-herd dairies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Masci
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milano and the International Centre for Rural Health at San Paolo University Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Anthony Mixco
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Colleen Annika Brents
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Lelia Murgia
- Department of Agraria, University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milano and the International Centre for Rural Health at San Paolo University Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - John Rosecrance
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Mixco A, Masci F, Brents CA, Rosecrance J. Upper Limb Muscle Activity among Workers in Large-Herd Industrialized Dairy Operations. Front Public Health 2016; 4:134. [PMID: 27446899 PMCID: PMC4923124 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this cross-sectional research study was to quantify upper limb muscle activity among workers performing milking tasks in large-herd dairy parlors. METHODS Surface electromyography (sEMG) from the trapezius, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, wrist flexors, and wrist extensors muscles of 26 dairy workers were used to create muscle activity profiles for the milking tasks common in large-herd dairy parlors. Functional maximum voluntary contractions (fMVC) were collected to normalize the sEMG data for appropriate comparisons. Anthropometric measurements were recorded from each worker. RESULTS The biceps brachii had the highest muscle activity (14.58% fMVC) of the upper limb muscles measured, exceeding previously established recommendations for working tasks. The anterior deltoid had the least amount of activity, while the upper trapezius had the least amount of muscular rest during milking work. Worker stature was negatively associated with upper limb muscle activity. CONCLUSION Milking tasks in large-herd dairy parlors have significant effects on the upper limb muscle activity of workers. The muscle activity of biceps brachii during normal work tasks exceeded the recommended safe limit. Wrist flexors and upper trapezius approached the recommended limit. The study findings suggest that milking tasks in large-herd dairies may increase the worker's risk for developing musculoskeletal symptoms and possibly musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mixco
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Federica Masci
- Department of Health Sciences, International Centre for Rural Health, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Colleen Annika Brents
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - John Rosecrance
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
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Trask C, Bath B, Johnson PW, Teschke K. Risk Factors for Low Back Disorders in Saskatchewan Farmers: Field-based Exposure Assessment to Build a Foundation for Epidemiological Studies. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e111. [PMID: 27286748 PMCID: PMC4920958 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of many geographical settings and agricultural commodities show that low back disorders are an important public health issue among farmers, who represent a special rural population. However, few studies have examined the impact of low back disorders on farmers' work or the strategies that they adopt to avoid associated pain and disability. OBJECTIVE This study protocol will investigate 3 issues related to low back disorders in Saskatchewan farmers: (1) the vibration, heavy lifting, and awkward postures farmers encounter during their work that might contribute to low back disorders; (2) the impact low back disorders have on farmers in terms of their ability to work; and (3) the types of preventative measures and solutions that farmers implement to reduce the occurrence of low back pain. METHODS To answer these questions, researchers will travel to 30 farms to make measurements of vibration, lifting, and posture during the farmers' regular work tasks. Farmers will be interviewed about any pain and/or disability using standardized interview questions. Farmers will also be asked about safety measures they have implemented at their farm, such as modified tools or equipment, to reduce the occurrence of low back disorders or pain. RESULTS Data collection is currently underway for this study, with the intention to complete all data collection and analysis by the end of 2018. CONCLUSIONS Occupational determinants of health such as vibration, heavy lifting, and awkward postures are important in the development and progression of low back disorders, and the results of this study will allow for cost-effective epidemiological studies of these determinants in the future. In identifying prevention strategies, this study will also facilitate future research evaluating the effectiveness of safety measures.
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Sandberg JC, Nguyen HT, Quandt SA, Chen H, Summers P, Walker FO, Arcury TA. Sleep Quality Among Latino Farmworkers in North Carolina: Examination of the Job Control-Demand-Support Model. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 18:532-541. [PMID: 26143366 PMCID: PMC4710554 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-015-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are associated with physical and mental health disorders and place individuals at an increased risk of workplace injuries. The demand-control-support model posits that job demands and the capacity to control work processes influence workers' level of distress, thereby affecting their physical and mental health; supervisor support can buffer the negative effect of high demands and low control. Data on the sleep quality and the organization of work of Latino men were collected in agricultural areas in North Carolina in 2012. 147 Mexican-born farmworkers ages 30 and older, most of whom had H-2A visas, provided information about sleep quality and organization of work. Most (83 %) farmworkers reported good sleep quality. The association between working more than 40 h per week and reporting poor sleep quality approached statistical significance. Additional research is needed to understand whether job demands, job control, and social support affect farmworkers' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Sandberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA.
| | - Ha T Nguyen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA
| | - Sara A Quandt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Phillip Summers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA
| | - Francis O Walker
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas A Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1084, USA
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