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Ringen K, Dement J, Cloeren M, Almashat S, Hines S, Grier W, Quinn P, Chen A, Haas S. Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear sites: Follow-up through 2021. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:261-273. [PMID: 38273456 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if construction and trades workers formerly employed at US Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear weapons sites are at significant risk for occupational diseases, we studied the mortality experience of participants in the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed). METHODS The cohort included 26,922 participants enrolled between 1998 and 2021 and 8367 deaths. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated based on US death rates. Cox models compared construction workers (n = 22,747; 7487 deaths) to two nonconstruction subpopulations: administrative, scientific and security workers (n = 1894; 330 deaths), and all other nonconstruction workers (n = 2218; 550 deaths). RESULTS Mortality was elevated for all causes, all cancers, cancers of the trachea, bronchus, lung, kidneys, and lymphatic and hematopoietic system, mesothelioma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asbestosis, transportation injuries, and other injuries, particularly accidental poisonings. There were 167 deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was lower than expected using US death rates. Overall cause-specific mortality was significantly higher among construction workers than for internal comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS Construction workers employed at DOE sites have a significantly increased risk for occupational illnesses. Apart from COVID-19 deaths, this update: (1) found that mortality among construction workers is significantly elevated compared to the US population and significantly higher than in the internal comparison populations, and (2) confirmed excess risk for these workers for first employment after 1990. Cancer mortality risks are similar to the cancers identified for DOE compensation from radiation exposures. The high lung cancer risk supports the value of early lung cancer detection. Continued medical surveillance is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Ringen
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Dement
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marianne Cloeren
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sammy Almashat
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Stella Hines
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - William Grier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Quinn
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Zenith American Solutions, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Scott Haas
- Zenith American Solutions, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Zhang K, Lan T, Bao W, Cui Q, Thorne PS. Blood Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds Among US Workers From Various Trades. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:458-466. [PMID: 36804870 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine blood benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene (BTEX) concentrations and their trends contrasting construction workers with workers in other occupations from 1999 to 2014 in the United States. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, quantile regressions were performed to investigate associations between occupation and blood BTEX concentrations. Results: We found that high-risk and construction occupations were associated with increased blood concentrations of toluene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene at the 50-90th percentiles (P 50-90 ), and ethylbenzene at P 70-90 . Moreover, although blood concentrations of ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene trended down among all US workers, no decreasing trend was observed for benzene and toluene among construction workers. Conclusions: Future studies are warranted to address questions about specific tasks to better assess VOC exposure from various trades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqi Zhang
- From the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (K.Z., Q.C.); Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (T.L., P.S.T.); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (W.B.); Human Toxicology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (P.S.T.)
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Wang M, Yao G, Sun Y, Yang Y, Deng R. Exposure to construction dust and health impacts - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136990. [PMID: 36309055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Construction dust contributes a significant proportion of airborne particulate matter, affecting the health of its surrounding environment and population. Construction workers are normally exposed to dust at high levels and bear severe health risks. The existing articles concerning the exposure and health impacts of construction dust are limited, but this research field has received more and more attention. This work reviews literature in the field and tries to systematically assess the current research state. Here, we review (1) methods used to monitor or sample construction dust; (2) main characteristics of construction dust, including dust classification, exposed populations, and exposure concentrations; (3) potential health hazards and (4) health risk assessment of construction dust. From existing literature, the exposure concentrations of different types and sources of construction dust are usually the focus of attention, while its particle size distribution and chemical composition are rarely mentioned. The classification and characteristics of populations exposed to construction dust ought to be a key consideration but not clear enough so far. There still lacks in-depth study of health hazards and systematic assessment of risks associated with construction dust. In future, it is valuable to develop utility instruments to precisely monitor construction dust. Besides, control means to reduce the pollution of construction dust deserve more studies. Health hazards of construction dust should be verified by biological experiments. Moreover, emerging algorithm models should be utilized in the risk assessment. The findings will help gain a better understanding of construction dust exposure and associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Gang Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yujia Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Rui Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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Hubbell Z, Howard S, Golden A, Stange B, Cragle D, Dally M, McInerney J, Newman LS. Factors linked to participant attrition in a longitudinal occupational health surveillance program. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:431-446. [PMID: 35460278 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For occupational medical screening programs focused on long-term health surveillance, participant attrition is a significant barrier to success. We investigate demographic, medical history, and clinical data from National Supplemental Screening Program (NSSP) examinees for association with likelihood of return for a second exam (rescreening). METHODS A total of 15,733 individuals completed at least one NSSP exam before December 31, 2016; of those, 4832 also completed a second exam on or before December 31, 2019. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to identify variables associated with whether a participant was rescreened in the NSSP. RESULTS Individuals were less likely to return for rescreening if they had a history of any cancer; cardiovascular problems; diabetes or kidney disease; or if they used insulin. Age at time of first exam and job site category significantly influenced likelihood of return. Workers categorized as "guests" were more likely to return. Participants were less likely to return if they had an abnormal urinalysis, abnormal pulmonary function, pneumoconiosis, aortic atherosclerosis, or hearing loss at their initial exam. Participants who received a chest X-ray at their initial screening were more likely to return. CONCLUSIONS The presence of health problems is strongly linked to screening program attrition. Participants who are older at the time of their initial screening exam are less likely to return. The discovery of several strong demographic, medical, and job associations reveals the importance for medical screening programs to understand and address factors that influence participant retention and, consequently, the effectiveness of long-term health surveillance activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Hubbell
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Arvada Colorado USA
| | - Sara Howard
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Ashley Golden
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Bill Stange
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Arvada Colorado USA
| | - Donna Cragle
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
| | - John McInerney
- Epidemiology and Exposure Science Oak Ridge Associated Universities Arvada Colorado USA
| | - Lee S. Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado USA
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On the Role of Atmospheric Weathering on Paint Dust Aerosol Generated by Mechanical Abrasion of TiO 2 Containing Paints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031265. [PMID: 35162289 PMCID: PMC8834889 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the introduction and use of new nanomaterials in construction has increased at a rapid rate. Exterior surface paints have been a product that have had these nanomaterials added to them. In this study, the effects of natural weathering and exposure to atmospheric agents was examined to determine the detrimental effects on outdoor paint that has been created with nanomaterials. Data collected over the course of the yearlong study indicate that the nanoparticles of the titanium dioxide were eliminated rapidly. Further testing indicated that various elements of weathering were affecting the physical integrity of the paint. The weathering agents that appeared to have the greatest effect on the samples were acid deposition and total precipitation. There was a strong association between carbon monoxide and the effects on the panels. These results can lead to new plans for assessments involving the synergistic effects of all weathering agents.
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Hameed S, Chethana K, Sunu Z, Kiran KG. Awareness and usage of personal protective equipment among construction workers and their hearing assessment by pure tone audiometry; A cross-sectional study in South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4072-4076. [PMID: 35136769 PMCID: PMC8797109 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_858_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Occupational hazards at the building construction workplace are enormous. Good compliance to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) alongside other safety measures is critical in reducing the hazards. Occupational hearing loss is one such occupational hazard among construction workers. AIMS This study was conducted for determining the awareness of the benefits of PPE and its usage among construction workers along with hearing assessment. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted among construction workers in a building project in Mangaluru city in Dakshina Kannada district in South India. METHODS AND MATERIAL After obtaining informed written consent, 110 construction workers were recruited by simple random sampling method. Basic information, awareness, and use of PPE were collected using a semistructured questionnaire through personal interviews. Hearing assessment was done by pure tone audiometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data collected was analyzed. Chi-square test and Fischer's exact probability test were used to test the association between variables. RESULTS Majority (85.5%) of the construction workers are working for duration of 15 years or less. Difficulty in hearing was reported by 9.6% of them. Awareness regarding benefits of using personal protective devices like helmets, masks, and earplugs/muffs were 58.2%, 56.4%, and 14.5%, respectively. The utilization of at least one PPE among them was 58.1%. The presence of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in both/either ears was detected among 14.5% of the workers. There was a statistically significant association of SNHL among workers and their duration of construction work. CONCLUSION The current study highlights that awareness and usage of PPE was low and a proportion of them had a hearing impairment. Occupational health and safety training along with a periodic examination of construction workers need to be focused so as to detect and manage occupational health hazards early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahul Hameed
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Chethana
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - K. G. Kiran
- Department of Community Medicine, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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West GH, Castaneda FI, Burrelli LG, Dresser D, Cooper MR, Brooks SB, Lippy BE. Occupational exposure risk during spraying of biocidal paint containing silver nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2021; 18:237-249. [PMID: 33989130 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1910277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed potential to exceed occupational exposure limits while spraying paint with and without a silver nanoparticle biocidal additive. A tradesperson performed the tasks in a sealed chamber with filtered air supply. Integrated air sampling entailed transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, direct-reading of particle number concentrations, and determination of silver mass concentration by NIOSH Method 7300. Silver nanoparticles were primarily embedded in paint spray droplets but also observed as isolated particles. Using an α-level of 0.05, median nanoparticle number concentrations did not differ significantly when spraying conventional vs. biocidal paint, although statistically significant differences were observed at specific particle size ranges <100 nm. The geometric mean concentration of total silver while spraying biocidal paint (n = 6) was 2.1 µg/m3 (95% CI: 1.5-2.8 µg/m3), and no respirable silver was detected (<0.50 µg/m3). The results address a lack of silver nanoparticle exposure data in construction and demonstrate the feasibility of a practical sampling approach. Given similar conditions, the measurements suggest a low probability of exceeding a proposed silver nanoparticle exposure limit of 0.9 µg/m3 as an airborne 8-hr time-weighted average respirable mass concentration. A full workday of exposure to respirable silver at the highest possible level in this study (<0.50 µg/m3) would not exceed the exposure limit, although limitations in comparing short task-based exposures to an 8-hr exposure limit must be noted. There was airflow in the study chamber, whereas exposure levels could increase over time in work environments lacking adequate ventilation. Potential to exceed the exposure limit hinged upon the respirable fraction of the paint mist, which could vary by material and application method. Additional research would improve understanding of silver nanoparticle exposure risks among construction trades, and biological responses to these exposures. Given the potential for exposure variability on construction jobsites, safety and health professionals should be cognizant of methods to assess and control silver nanoparticle exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin H West
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Fatima I Castaneda
- Environmental Profiles, Inc, Columbia, Maryland
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Michael R Cooper
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sara B Brooks
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Bruce E Lippy
- CPWR - The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Khamraev K, Cheriyan D, Choi JH. A review on health risk assessment of PM in the construction industry - Current situation and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143716. [PMID: 33223176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the primary pollutants of the environment. The amount of PM discharged from construction projects is considerably high; it generates 70-80% of the overall PM. The composition of PM is complex and may contain various toxic substances that have severe health effects on human health. Existing health risk assessment in the construction industry lacks the efficiency to reduce the risk level of PM exposure. This study systematically reviews literature in this research area to understand the primary reasons which generates PM health risk assessments. The authors reviewed health risk assessment studies in the construction industry to analyze the current situation, and then reviewed health risk assessment studies from four different industries to compare the advancement of research and outcomes in all the five industries. From the study it is understood that the area of research related to ambient air were more developed compared to those in other areas due to their sampling methods and the size of the PM studied. From the findings of the systematic review, it is understood that majority of the risk assessment studies still rely on a two decade-old system and neglect recent research findings pertaining inhalation rate and size of PM. To overcome this, the level of risk involved in various common construction activities needs to be explored using real-time location-based PM monitoring and real-time inhalation monitoring methods. The findings of this review will help researchers gain a better perspective while conducting occupational health risk studies in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusniddin Khamraev
- Dong-A Univ., Dept. of Civil Engrg., P4401-1, 550 Bungil 37, Nakdong-Daero, Saha-Gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel Cheriyan
- Dong-A Univ., Dept. of Civil Engrg., P4401-1, 550 Bungil 37, Nakdong-Daero, Saha-Gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Dong-A Univ., Dept. of Civil Engrg., P4401-1, 550 Bungil 37, Nakdong-Daero, Saha-Gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Batsungnoen K, Riediker M, Suárez G, Hopf NB. From nano to micrometer size particles - A characterization of airborne cement particles during construction activities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122838. [PMID: 32512440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although, photocatalytic cement contains nanosized TiO2, a possibly carcinogen, no exposure assessments exist for construction workers. We characterized airborne nanoparticle exposures during construction activities simulated in an exposure chamber. We collected some construction site samples for regular cement in Switzerland and Thailand for comparison. Airborne nanoparticles were characterized using scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS), diffusion size classifier (DiSCmini), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and X-ray diffraction. Bagged photocatalytic cement had 2.0 wt% (GSD ± 0.55) TiO2, while TiO2 in aerosols reached 16.5 wt% (GSD ± 1.72) during bag emptying and 9.7 wt% (GSD ± 1.36) after sweeping. The airborne photocatalytic cement particles were far smaller (approximately 50 nm) compared to regular cement. Cutting blocks made from photocatalytic cement or concrete, resulted in similar amounts of airborne nano TiO2 (2.0 wt% GSD ± 0.57) particles as in bagged material. Both photocatalytic and regular cement had a geometric mean diameter (GMD) < 3.5 μm. Main exposures for Thai workers were during sweeping and Swiss workers during drilling and polishing cement blocks. Targeted nanoparticle exposure assessments are needed as a significantly greater exposure to nano TiO2 were observed than what would have been predicted from the material's nano- TiO2 contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiattisak Batsungnoen
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand.
| | - Michael Riediker
- Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (SCOEH), Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Chung LMY, Chung JWY, Chan APC. Building Healthy Eating Knowledge and Behavior: An Evaluation of Nutrition Education in a Skill Training Course for Construction Apprentices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234852. [PMID: 31810334 PMCID: PMC6926770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prior research has found poor health among construction workers is related to poor nutrition and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Promoting nutrition knowledge can improve dietary behaviors, but nutrition education among construction workers is limited. We evaluated the effectiveness of nutrition education on fruit and vegetable consumption among construction apprentices. In this pilot evaluative study, 36 construction apprentices enrolled in skill training programs received two 1.5-hour nutrition classes. Twelve questions addressing healthy eating knowledge and behavior were administered at baseline, after intervention, and at three months follow-up. After intervention, daily fruit consumption improved from baseline (mean (s.d.) =1.42 (0.55)) to post intervention (mean (s.d.) =1.72 (0.70)) (p < 0.05) and to three months follow-up (mean(s.d.) =1.94 (0.83)) (p > 0.05). After intervention, daily vegetable consumption improved from baseline (mean (s.d.) =1.67 (0.59)) to post intervention (mean (s.d.) =1.97 (0.74)) (p < 0.05) and to three months follow-up (mean (s.d.) = 2.19 (0.82)) (p > 0.05). Younger construction apprentices showed better healthy eating knowledge at post intervention and three months follow-up (p > 0.05). Working in normal hours showed better healthy eating knowledge at post intervention but not at three months follow up (p > 0.05). Both age groups and working hours did not show significant differences on healthy eating behaviour. Nutrition education implemented as a three-hour session within skill courses may possibly promote fruit and vegetable consumption among construction apprentices. Further research with control group is required to support the findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Ming Yan Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2948-8584
| | - Joanne Wai Yee Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Albert P. C. Chan
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China;
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Ringen K, Dement J, Hines S, Quinn P, Chen A, Haas S. Mortality of older construction and craft workers employed at department of energy nuclear sites: Follow-up through 2016. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:742-754. [PMID: 31380577 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if construction and trades workers employed at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear sites facilities are at significant risk for diseases associated with occupational exposures, we compared the mortality experience of participants in the Building Trades National Medical Screening Program (BTMed) to that of the US population. METHODS The cohort includes 24,086 BTMed participants enrolled between 1998 and 2016 and 5203 deaths. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios were calculated based on US death rates. RESULTS Mortality was elevated for all causes, all cancers, cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung and lymphatic and hematopoietic system, mesothelioma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asbestosis, transportation injuries, and other injuries, particularly those caused by accidental poisoning, suggesting a possible effect of the opioid epidemic. CONCLUSIONS Apart from other injuries, mortality patterns were very similar to those reported in the past in this population. Construction workers employed at DOE sites have a significantly increased risk for occupational illnesses. Risks are associated with employment during all time periods covered including possibly after 1990. The cancer risks closely match the cancers identified for DOE compensation from radiation exposures. The high risk of lung cancer supports the value of early lung cancer detection. Continued medical surveillance is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Ringen
- Energy Workers Department CPWR ‐ The Center for Construction Research and Training Seattle Washington
| | - John Dement
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina
| | - Stella Hines
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland
| | - Patricia Quinn
- Energy Workers Department CPWR ‐ The Center for Construction Research and Training Seattle Washington
| | - Anna Chen
- Government Services Department Zenith American Solutions Seattle Washington
| | - Scott Haas
- Government Services Department Zenith American Solutions Seattle Washington
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Syamlal G, King BA, Mazurek JM. Tobacco product use among workers in the construction industry, United States, 2014-2016. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:939-951. [PMID: 30229974 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cigarette smoking has declined among U.S. workers, smoking remains high among construction workers. This study assessed tobacco product use among U.S. construction workers. METHODS The 2014-2016 National Health Interview Survey data for U.S. working adults were analyzed. RESULTS Of the 10.2 (6.3% of working adults) million construction workers, 35.1% used any tobacco product; 24.4% were cigarette smokers, 8.3% were cigar, cigarillo, pipe or hookah smokers, 7.8% were smokeless tobacco users, 4.4% were e-cigarette users, and 7.6% used ≥2 tobacco product users. Tobacco use varied by worker characteristics, with highest tobacco use (>35%) among those reporting ≤5 years on the job, temporary work status, job insecurity, or an unsafe workplace. Construction workers had higher odds of tobacco product use than non-construction workers. CONCLUSIONS Over one-third of U.S. construction workers use tobacco products and disparities exist across sub-groups. Workplace tobacco control strategies could reduce tobacco use among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Syamlal
- Respiratory Health Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown West Virginia
| | - Brian A. King
- Office on Smoking and Health; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Jacek M. Mazurek
- Respiratory Health Division; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Morgantown West Virginia
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Rohlman DS, Parish MA, Hanson GC, Williams LS. Building a Healthier Workforce: An Evaluation of an Online Nutrition Training for Apprentices. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:913-917.e1. [PMID: 29685614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Construction workers face barriers to healthy eating, including work organization and environmental factors, that can affect productivity and lead to chronic conditions. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online nutrition training to improve knowledge and behaviors and evaluate the feasibility of conducting this training among apprentices in the highway construction trades. METHODS A pretest-posttest control group design was used. The intervention was conducted using a Web-based electronic learning platform. RESULTS A total of 36 highway construction apprentices (78% male) completed the study. Intervention participants demonstrated improvements in knowledge immediately after the training, reported modest weight loss, decreased body mass index, and decreased fast food consumption compared with control participants. However, increases in knowledge were not seen at follow-up. The training content and format were well-received, indicating that electronic learning approaches were acceptable for this population. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This project established the acceptability of using an online nutrition training to promote health among apprentices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Rohlman
- Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
| | - Megan A Parish
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Larry S Williams
- Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries, Apprenticeship and Training Division, Portland, OR
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Vercellino RJ, Sleeth DK, Handy RG, Min KT, Collingwood SC. Laboratory evaluation of a low-cost, real-time, aerosol multi-sensor. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2018; 15:559-567. [PMID: 29683781 PMCID: PMC6309410 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2018.1468565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to occupational aerosols are a known hazard in many industry sectors and can be a risk factor for several respiratory diseases. In this study, a laboratory evaluation of low-cost aerosol sensors, the Dylos DC1700 and a modified Dylos known as the Utah Modified Dylos Sensor (UMDS), was performed to assess the sensors' efficiency in sampling respirable and inhalable dust at high concentrations, which are most common in occupational settings. Dust concentrations were measured in a low-speed wind tunnel with 3 UMDSs, collocated with an aerosol spectrometer (Grimm 1.109) and gravimetric respirable and inhalable samplers. A total of 10 tests consisting of 5 different concentrations and 2 test aerosols, Arizona road dust and aluminum oxide, were conducted. For the Arizona road dust, total particle count was strongly related between the spectrometer and the UMDS with a coefficient of determination (R2) between 0.86-0.92. Particle count concentrations measured with the UMDS were converted to mass and also were related with gravimetrically collected inhalable and respirable dust. The UMDS small bin (i.e., all particles) compared to the inhalable sampler yielded an R2 of 0.86-0.92, and the large bin subtracted from the small bin (i.e., only the smallest particles) compared to the respirable sampler yielded an R2 of 0.93-0.997. Tests with the aluminum oxide demonstrated a substantially lower relationship across all comparisons. Furthermore, assessment of intra-instrument variability was consistent for all instruments, but inter-instrument variability indicated that each instrument requires its own calibration equation to yield accurate exposure estimates. Overall, it appears that the UMDS can be used as a low-cost tool to estimate respirable and inhalable concentrations found in many workplaces. Future studies will focus on deployment of a UMDS network in an occupational setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Vercellino
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Darrah K Sleeth
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Rodney G Handy
- a Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environmental Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
| | - Kyeong T Min
- b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah
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15
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Borup H, Kirkeskov L, Hanskov DJA, Brauer C. Systematic review: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and construction workers. Occup Med (Lond) 2017; 67:199-204. [PMID: 28204712 PMCID: PMC5939651 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Between 15 and 20% of prevalent cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been attributed to occupational exposures to vapours, gases, dusts and fumes. Dust at construction sites is still a challenge, but no overview exists of COPD among construction workers. Aims To assess the occurrence of COPD among construction workers. Methods We performed a systematic search in PubMed and Embase between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2016 in order to identify epidemiological studies with a risk estimate for either COPD morbidity/mortality or a spirometry-based definition of airway obstruction among workers in the construction industry. The authors independently assessed studies to determine their eligibility and performed a quality assessment of the included papers. Results Twelve studies were included. Nine studies found a statistically significant association between COPD and work in the construction industry, although only among never-smokers in one study and only for the period after 2000 in another study. One study found that the annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was significantly higher among construction workers compared with bus drivers. Conclusions This review suggests that COPD occurs more often among construction workers than among workers who are not exposed to construction dust. It is not possible to draw any conclusions on specific subgroups as most studies analysed construction workers as one united group. In addition, no potential exposure–effect relationship could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Borup
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2400Denmark
| | - L Kirkeskov
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2400Denmark
| | - D J A Hanskov
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2400Denmark
| | - C Brauer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2400Denmark
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Welch LS, Dement J, Ringen K, Cranford K, Quinn PS. Impact of Secondary Prevention in an Occupational High-Risk Group. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:67-73. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burger J, Gochfeld M. Health Risks to Ecological Workers on Contaminated Sites - the Department of Energy as a Case Study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE & HEALTH EDUCATION 2016; 6:427. [PMID: 27668128 PMCID: PMC5035110 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0711.1000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At most contaminated sites the risk to workers focuses on those 'hazardous waste workers' directly exposed to chemicals or radionuclides, and to the elaborate approaches implemented to protecting their health and safety. Ecological workers generally are not considered. OBJECTIVES To explore the risks to the health and safety of ecological workers on sites with potential chemical and radiological exposures before, during or after remediation of contamination. To use the U.S. Department of Energy as a case study, and to develop concepts that apply generally to sites contaminated with hazardous or nuclear wastes. METHODS Develop categories of ecological workers, describe their usual jobs, and provide information on the kinds of risks they face. Ecological activities include continued surveillance and monitoring work on any sites with residual contamination, subject to institutional controls and engineered barriers following closure as well as the restoration. RESULTS The categories of ecological workers and their tasks include 1) Ecological characterization, mapping and monitoring, 2) biodiversity studies, 2) Contaminant fate and transport, 3) On-going industrial activities 4) Remediation activities (environmental management), 5) Environmental restoration, 6) Post-cleanup surveillance and monitoring, and 7) Post-closure future site activities. There are a set of functional activities that can occur with different frequencies and intensities, including visual inspection, collecting biological samples, collecting media physical samples, collecting biological debris, restoration planting, and maintaining ecosystems. CONCLUSIONS Ecological workers face different exposures and risks than other environmental cleanup workers. Many of their tasks mimic shift work with long hours leading to fatigue, and they are exposed to biological as well as chemical/radiological hazards. DOE and other entities need to examine the risks to ecological workers on site with an eye to risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Burger
- Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Michael Gochfeld
- Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation, Rutgers University and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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