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Prediction Model for Job Retention According to the Type of Return to Work Among Industrially Injured Workers in Korea. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e16-e20. [PMID: 36344990 PMCID: PMC9835659 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate how the type of return to work after an industrial accident affects job retention. METHODS Using data from the panel study of workers' compensation insurance first-third, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for workers leaving their jobs. RESULTS The HR leaving their jobs were higher in the "reemployed" compared with that in the "returned to original work," with HR of 2.69 (2.33-3.10). According workers' status, the HRs leaving their jobs were higher among the "reemployed" than among those who "returned to original work." Regular and daily workers' HRs were 1.70 (1.37-2.11) and 3.55 (2.96-4.26), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that to increase job retention rate, protection policies for reemployed workers or support for employers who hire reemployed workers should be considered.
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Ötleş E, Seymour J, Wang H, Denton BT. Dynamic prediction of work status for workers with occupational injuries: assessing the value of longitudinal observations. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1931-1940. [PMID: 36036358 PMCID: PMC9552285 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational injuries (OIs) cause an immense burden on the US population. Prediction models help focus resources on those at greatest risk of a delayed return to work (RTW). RTW depends on factors that develop over time; however, existing methods only utilize information collected at the time of injury. We investigate the performance benefits of dynamically estimating RTW, using longitudinal observations of diagnoses and treatments collected beyond the time of initial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We characterize the difference in predictive performance between an approach that uses information collected at the time of initial injury (baseline model) and a proposed approach that uses longitudinal information collected over the course of the patient's recovery period (proposed model). To control the comparison, both models use the same deep learning architecture and differ only in the information used. We utilize a large longitudinal observation dataset of OI claims and compare the performance of the two approaches in terms of daily prediction of future work state (working vs not working). The performance of these two approaches was assessed in terms of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and expected calibration error (ECE). RESULTS After subsampling and applying inclusion criteria, our final dataset covered 294 103 OIs, which were split evenly between train, development, and test datasets (1/3, 1/3, 1/3). In terms of discriminative performance on the test dataset, the proposed model had an AUROC of 0.728 (90% confidence interval: 0.723, 0.734) versus the baseline's 0.591 (0.585, 0.598). The proposed model had an ECE of 0.004 (0.003, 0.005) versus the baseline's 0.016 (0.009, 0.018). CONCLUSION The longitudinal approach outperforms current practice and shows potential for leveraging observational data to dynamically update predictions of RTW in the setting of OI. This approach may enable physicians and workers' compensation programs to manage large populations of injured workers more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkin Ötleş
- Department of Industrial & Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Haozhu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian T Denton
- Department of Industrial & Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Dong XS, Brooks RD, Brown S, Harris W. Psychological distress and suicidal ideation among male construction workers in the United States. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:396-408. [PMID: 35220600 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male workers in the US construction industry have a higher suicide rate than other workers in the nation. However, related research on this population remains sparse. This study evaluated psychological distress and suicidal ideation in these workers, and possible underlying factors. METHODS Data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed. Stratified and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with psychological distress and suicidal ideation among male construction workers aged ≥18 years (n = 12,034). RESULTS Nearly one-third (29.6%) of male construction workers in the United States experienced psychological distress (23.8% graded as moderate, 5.8% as severe), and 2.5% reported suicidal ideation in the past year. Higher odds of serious psychological distress and suicidal ideation were found among workers who were younger, worked part-time, missed workdays due to injury or illness, or were in poor health. Illicit opioid use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.89) and alcohol dependence or abuse (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.74-3.99) significantly escalated the odds of suicidal ideation. The odds of suicidal ideation among workers with serious psychological distress were 33 times higher than those having no or minor psychological distress (OR = 32.91, 95% CI: 19.82-54.65) when other factors were constant. CONCLUSIONS Occupational and nonoccupational factors were associated with constructionworkers' psychological distress and suicidal ideation. Both illicit opioid use and alcohol dependence or abuse were risk factors, and psychological distress was a strong predictor for suicidal ideation. To improve workers' mental health, it is necessary to integrate workplace injury prevention with illicit opioid-use reduction programs and suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Sue Dong
- CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Raina D. Brooks
- CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Samantha Brown
- CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - William Harris
- CPWR—The Center for Construction Research and Training Silver Spring Maryland USA
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Shkembi A, Smith LM, Neitzel RL. Retrospective assessment of the association between noise exposure and nonfatal and fatal injury rates among miners in the United States from 1983 to 2014. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:30-40. [PMID: 34706100 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining is a significant economic force in the United States but has historically had among the highest nonfatal injury rates across all industries. Several factors, including workplace hazards and psychosocial stressors, may increase injury and fatality risk. Mining is one of the noisiest industries; however, the association between injury risk and noise exposure has not been evaluated in this industry. In this ecological study, we assessed the association between noise exposure and nonfatal and fatal occupational injury rates among miners. METHODS Federal US mining accident, injury, and illness data sets from 1983 to 2014 were combined with federal quarterly mining employment and production reports to quantify annual industry rates of nonfatal injuries and fatalities. An existing job-exposure matrix for occupational noise was used to estimate annual industry time-weighted average (TWA, dBA) exposures. Negative binomial models were used to assess relationships between noise, hearing conservation program (HCP) regulation changes in 2000, year, and mine type with incidence rates of injuries and fatalities. RESULTS Noise, HCP regulation changes, and mine type were each independently associated with nonfatal injuries and fatalities. In multivariate analysis, each doubling (5 dB increase) of TWA was associated with 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.11) and 1.48 (1.23, 1.78) times higher rate of nonfatal injuries and fatalities, respectively. HCP regulation changes were associated with 0.61 (0.54, 0.70) and 0.49 (0.34, 0.71) times lower nonfatal injury and fatality rates, respectively. CONCLUSION Noise may be a significant independent risk factor for injuries and fatalities in mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abas Shkembi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren M Smith
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard L Neitzel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Busey A, Asfaw A, Applebaum KM, O'Leary PK, Tripodis Y, Fox MP, Stokes AC, Boden LI. Mortality following workplace injury: Quantitative bias analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:155-160. [PMID: 34607011 PMCID: PMC10026009 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have shown increased all-cause mortality among workers following disabling workplace injury. These studies did not account for 2 potentially important confounders, smoking and obesity. We estimated injury-related mortality accounting for these factors. METHODS We followed workers receiving New Mexico workers' compensation benefits (1994-2000) through 2013. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we derived the joint distribution of smoking status and obesity for workers with and without lost-time injuries. We conducted a quantitative bias analysis (QBA) to determine the adjusted relationship of injury and mortality. RESULTS We observed hazard ratios after adjusting for smoking and obesity of 1.13 for women (95% simulation interval (SI) 0.97 to 1.31) and 1.12 for men (95% SI 1.00 to 1.27). The estimated fully adjusted excess hazard was about half the estimates not adjusted for these factors. CONCLUSIONS Using QBA to adjust for smoking and obesity reduced the estimated mortality hazard from lost-time injuries and widened the simulation interval. The adjusted estimate still showed more than a 10 percent increase for both women and men. The change in estimates reveals the importance of accounting for these confounders. Of course, the results depend on the methods and assumptions used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abay Asfaw
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Katie M Applebaum
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Paul K O'Leary
- U.S. Social Security Administration, Office of Retirement and Disability Policy, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Matthew P Fox
- Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Andrew C Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Leslie I Boden
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Bae SW, Jeong I, Yoon JH, Lee SW, Kim TH, Won JU. Relationship between workers' return to work, job retention and income in industrial accidents in Korea: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e039948. [PMID: 33837092 PMCID: PMC8043011 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare workers' income before and after an occupational injury, with regard to return to work and job retention, over a period of 5 years. DESIGN This study was designed as a longitudinal study. SETTING The Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) survey targeted workers involved in industrial accidents for which medical care was terminated in the year 2012. PARTICIPANTS The panel study was conducted on a final sample of 2000 workers who were selected proportionally by region (nine regions) after priority assignment by disability rating (six levels). A total of 1458 workers were finally included in this study. METHODS This study used data from the first to fifth PSWCI. To identify the effect on income after occupational injury considering return to work and job retention, we used the generalised estimating equation. RESULTS In regard to workers' return to work, the OR that income after an occupational injury would be higher than that before an occupational injury was 3.17 (2.41-4.17) for those who returned to original work and 2.32 (1.81-2.97) for those re-employed as compared with who did not return to work and 1.27 (1.07-1.15) for those who retained their job as compared with those who did not. The ORs were 2.91 (2.26-3.75) for those who were re-employed and retained jobs and 2.96 (2.15-4.08) for those who returned to original work and did not retain jobs as compared with those who did not return to work and did not retain jobs. CONCLUSIONS It is important for accident victims to retain their jobs to maintain their economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inchul Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Wook Lee
- Labor Welfare Research Institute, Korea Workers' Compensation & Welfare Service, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Bae SW. Effect of professional certification on employees' return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:6. [PMID: 33435870 PMCID: PMC7802128 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One effective way to improve return-to-work (RTW) performance may be to convince the employer that the worker has the necessary skills. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of having a professional certification among workers injured in occupational injuries on their return to work. Methods The Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) targets workers who completed medical care in 2012 after an occupational injury. The study population (n = 2000) was stratified by gender, age, region, disability grade, and rehabilitation service use. A total of 1458 workers were finally selected for this study. The effect of having a certification on RTW status was calculated with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals using binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses. In the binomial logistic regression analysis, the RTW group was made up as a combination of the return to original work and the reemployment groups. Results The ORs of RTW among those with a certification compared to those without certification were 1.38 (1.16–1.65) in Model 1, 1.25 (1.05–1.50) in Model 2, and 1.22 (1.01–1.47) in Model 3. Among female workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 4.60 (2.68–7.91), that of return to original work was 3.21 (1.74–5.91), and that of reemployment was 5.85 (3.34–10.27). Among daily workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 1.32 (1.03–1.69) and that of reemployment was 1.37 (1.07–1.76). Conclusion In conclusion, injured workers with a certification generally had a higher RTW rate. In particular, the RTW rate was higher among female workers and daily workers with a certification than among those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Argilés-Bosch JM, Garcia-Blandón J, Ravenda D. Labour accidents and financial performance: empirical analysis of the type of relationship in the Spanish context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 28:974-990. [PMID: 33198588 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1851921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article performs empirical research and finds a negative relationship between accidents in the workplace and financial performance. The relationship is stronger and more persistent for performance 1 year ahead than for the current year. We find no significant evidence of curvilinear U-shaped or inverted U-shaped relationships. Results are strong across different industries and samples, variable definitions and model specifications. The study contributes to the scarce extant research with reliable data and samples of a wide span of industries. The study also contributes methodologically with refined analyses of the curvilinear relationship and providing robust widespread inference for a large number of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Garcia-Blandón
- Departament of Economics, IQS School of Management, Universitat Ramón Llull, Finance
| | - Diego Ravenda
- Department of Management Control, Accounting and Auditing, TBS Business School, Barcelona, Spain
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Dong XS, Brooks RD, Cain CT. Prescription opioid use and associated factors among US construction workers. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:868-877. [PMID: 32677121 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Construction workers are among the segments of the US population that were hit hardest by the opioid prescription and overdose deaths in the past decades. Factors that underlie opioid use in construction workers have been compartmentalized and isolated in existing studies of opioid use and opioid overdose, but they ignore the overall context of their use. This study examines prescription opioid use and its association with a variety of occupational and nonoccupational factors in construction workers in the United States. METHODS Data from the 2011-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (n = 7994) were analyzed. The prevalence of prescribed opioid use and the association with occupational and nonoccupational characteristics among construction workers were examined in four multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS The odds of prescription opioid use for workers with occupational injuries was more than triple that of their noninjured counterparts when demographics and occupational factors were controlled (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval: 2.38-4.81). Odds of prescription opioid use were higher in older construction workers, workers who were white, non-Hispanic, working part-time, and in poorer health, while Hispanic workers and those without health insurance were much less likely to report prescription opioid use. CONCLUSIONS Prescription opioid use among construction workers encompasses both occupational and nonoccupational factors. As an insight into opioid use among construction workers becomes clearer, effectively responding to the opioid crisis remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen S Dong
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Raina D Brooks
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Chris T Cain
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Sokas RK, Dong XS, Cain CT. Building a Sustainable Construction Workforce. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4202. [PMID: 31671567 PMCID: PMC6862229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The average U.S. construction worker is aged 42.6 years, and will not be eligible for full Social Security retirement benefits until age 67. Delayed retirement is largely driven by economic need, but construction workers face considerable challenges in remaining on the job. This study explores trade-specific age trends within the construction industry, and the experiences of building trade unions with aging membership. A mixed-methods approach used trade-specific age statistics from the Current Population Survey and key informant interviews with labor leaders, in order to identify union experiences and interventions. Mean and median ages for all subgroups in construction increased from 2003 to 2017. Immigrant construction workers were significantly younger than workers who were born in the U.S. (41 vs. 43, p < 0.001). Union workers were older than non-union workers (42 vs. 39 in 2017, p < 0.001); the age differential between self-employed and wage-and-salary workers was wide (49 vs. 40, p < 0.001). Union leaders described barriers, such as age discrimination and the loss of previously available light tasks, as well as current and potential solutions through union contract language requiring the inclusion of older workers, or establishing limits for lifting. Other solutions included career pathways for training and safety, with their attendant limitations; mentoring/pairing opportunities with apprentices; and the potential opportunities and training needs for site management positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary K Sokas
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 2005, USA.
- CPWR-Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Xiuwen Sue Dong
- CPWR-Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
| | - Chris Trahan Cain
- CPWR-Center for Construction Research and Training, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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Keteyian C, Schwatka N, Dally M, Tran M, Shore E, Weitzenkamp D, Newman LS. The impact of industry and body part injured on repeat workers' compensation claims. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:680-690. [PMID: 31291037 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies investigate the influence of body part injured and industry on future workers' compensation claims. METHODS Using claims incurred from 1 January 2005 to 31 July 2015 (n = 77 494) from the largest workers' compensation insurer in Colorado, we assessed associations between worker characteristics, second claims involving any body part and the same body part. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to approximate the probability of a second claim. RESULTS First claims represented 74.9% (n = 58 007) and second claims 25.2% (n = 19 487) of total claims. Sex, age, industry, and body part of the first claim were associated with the probability of second claims and the body part affected. The 5-year probabilities of second claims and same body part second claims were 27.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.6%-27.5%) and 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9%-6.5%) in males and 26.5% (95% CI: 26.0%-27.0%) and 6.7% (95% CI: 6.5%-7.0%) in females. Most second claims occurred within 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Most second claims occur within 3 years. Body part and industry-specific injury patterns suggest missed opportunities for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtland Keteyian
- Occupational Health, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
- Prevention and Community Health, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
- Jackson Health Network, Henry Ford Allegiance HealthHenry Ford Health SystemJackson MI
| | - Natalie Schwatka
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Miranda Dally
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Molly Tran
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Erin Shore
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - David Weitzenkamp
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
| | - Lee S. Newman
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAurora CO
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Bae SW, Oh SS, Park WM, Roh J, Won JU. Changes in Income after an Industrial Accident According to Industry and Return-to-Work Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142603. [PMID: 31336629 PMCID: PMC6678677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate changes in the incomes of workers, particularly those in the construction sector, who experienced industrial accidents according to their status of return to work. Methods: We used data from the fifth Panel Study of Workers’ Compensation Insurance. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare annual differential incomes before and after the industrial accident, and a linear mixed model was used to investigate the changes in income from before to after the industrial accident according to the industry and return-to-work status. Results: A comparison of the industrial categories revealed that construction industry workers exhibited the greatest incomes before the accident and the greatest decrease in income after the industrial accident. Regression analysis for assessing changes in income after the industrial accident showed that a comparison by industry revealed a significantly greater reduction in income in the construction than service industry. A comparison by work status revealed significantly greater decreases in income in the reemployment and non-return to work groups than among those who returned to their original work. Conclusions: The economic statuses of the victims of industrial accidents decreased relative to the pre-accident statuses in all industries. The ability to return to original work is important for preserving the accident victim’s economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sarah Soyeon Oh
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wha Me Park
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Sears JM, Edmonds AT, Coe NB. Coverage Gaps and Cost-Shifting for Work-Related Injury and Illness: Who Bears the Financial Burden? Med Care Res Rev 2019; 77:223-235. [PMID: 31018756 DOI: 10.1177/1077558719845726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heavy economic burden of work-related injury/illness falls not only on employers and workers' compensation systems, but increasingly on health care systems, health and disability insurance, social safety net programs, and workers and their families. We present a flow diagram illustrating mechanisms responsible for the financial burden of occupational injury/illness borne by social safety net programs and by workers and their families, due to cost-shifting and gaps in workers' compensation coverage. This flow diagram depicts various pathways leading to coverage gaps that may shift the burden of occupational injury/illness-related health care and disability costs ultimately to workers, particularly the most socioeconomically vulnerable. We describe existing research and important research gaps linked to specific pathways in the flow diagram. This flow diagram was developed to facilitate more detailed and comprehensive research into the financial burden imposed by work-related injury/illness, in order to focus policy efforts where improvement is most needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Sears
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Norma B Coe
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Bae SW, Yun S, Lee YS, Yoon JH, Roh J, Won JU. Income Changes Due to Disability Ratings and Participation in Economic Activities Caused by Industrial Accidents: A Population-Based Study of Data from the Fourth Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance (PSWCI). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2478. [PMID: 30404238 PMCID: PMC6266137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Industrial accidents cost a huge amount of money, but they also have negative consequences in many respects. We analyzed the data of the first to fourth panel study of workers' compensation insurance (PSWCI). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the annual income before and after the industrial accident, and a general linear model was used to identify changes in income due to disability ratings and participation in economic activities. The wages before the industrial accident and the annual income varied among the disabilities ratings. In addition, for affected workers, the average income during four years post-accident was lower than the average income before the accident. Regression analysis to see changes in income after the industrial accident showed that the group with a disability rating of 11⁻14 and no injuries had a suffered a greater income decrease than those with a disability rating of 1⁻3, and the unemployment group saw a greater decrease in income than the employment group. Workers who were affected by industrial accidents received lower incomes than before the accident, and even considering different disability ratings, there was a greater decrease in income among the unemployed group than in the working group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Won Bae
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sehyun Yun
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
| | - Ye Seol Lee
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Incheon Workers' Health Center, Incheon 21633, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Simmons JM, Liebman AK, Sokas RK. Occupational Health in Community Health Centers: Practitioner Challenges and Recommendations. New Solut 2018; 28:110-130. [PMID: 29310509 DOI: 10.1177/1048291117749937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary care clinicians may be the only source of occupational healthcare for many low-wage, high-risk workers who experience disproportionate occupational hazards. The authors explored barriers to providing occupational healthcare and recommendations for overcoming these challenges. The team conducted six focus groups and eleven key-informant interviews in two community health centers and among clinicians, community health workers, and other personnel from similar settings. Clinicians reported not utilizing occupational information during clinical encounters and identified competing priorities, limited appointment time, and lack of training as key barriers. They cited workers' compensation as a source of confusion and frustration. However, most participants recognized occupation as an important social determinant of health and expressed interest in additional training and resources. Participants agreed that referral mechanisms for occupational medicine specialists and worker centers and changes in quality performance measures and electronic health records would be useful and that workers' compensation and immigration policies need reform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosemary K Sokas
- 2 Department of Human Science, Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies
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Davie G, Lilley R. Financial impact of injury in older workers: use of a national retrospective e-cohort to compare income patterns over 3 years in a universal injury compensation scheme. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018995. [PMID: 29703849 PMCID: PMC5922494 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to quantify the impact of injury on the financial well-being of older workers. The hypothesis was that injured older workers have substantially reduced income from work following injury, but that New Zealand's (NZ) universal injury compensation scheme mitigates the difference for total income. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS An e-cohort of 617 722 workers aged 45-64 years old was created using de-identified linked administrative data in NZ's Integrated Data Infrastructure. Person-level data from numerous government agencies were used to compare 21 639 with an injury-related entitlement claim in 2009 with the remaining 596 133. Event date was the date of injury, or for the comparison group, a randomly selected date in 2009. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) were used to compare income from work and total income from all taxable sources between those injured and the comparison group. Adjusted GMRs estimated income differences up to 36 months following the event date. RESULTS Differences in total income increased over time. In the third year, those injured received 6.7% less (adjusted GMR 0.933 (95% CI 0.925 to 0.941)) than the comparison group, equivalent to an average loss of $NZ2628. Restricting to income from work, those injured received 29.2% less than the comparison group at 3 years (adjusted GMR 0.708 (95% CI 0.686 to 0.730)). For both men and women, those injured at 45-49 years consistently had the greatest relative income loss compared with those aged 50-54, 55-59 or 60-64 years. CONCLUSIONS Although the substantial impacts of injury on income were mainly mitigated by public income transfers, relative losses in income in those aged 45-64 years increased in the 3 years following injury. Policies focused on adequate compensation and reducing the time away from employment could reduce these financial impacts in older workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Davie
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Administrative Data for Health Research Hub, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rebbecca Lilley
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Administrative Data for Health Research Hub, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
PURPOSE Occupational injuries have considerable impact on workers' lives. However, data regarding workers' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at several years after the injury are lacking. This study assessed workers' HRQOL at 6 years after occupational injury and determined related factors in each HRQOL domain. METHODS Workers who sustained an occupational injury in 2009 and who responded to a previous survey at 3 or 12 months after their injury were followed up in 2015. A total of 1715 participants were candidates for this study. The Taiwanese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale-abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess their HRQOL. Multiple linear regression analysis identified predictive factors for HRQOL at 6 years after occupational injury. RESULTS A total of 563 workers completed the questionnaire (response rate, 32.8%). Adverse life events and additional severe occupational injuries that occurred within the follow-up period, and decreased salary after the injury were significant factors for low scores in all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. In addition, unmarried participants had low scores in the social relationship domain. Workers with family members requiring care scored low in the physical and environment domains. Workers whose injuries had major effects on their physical appearance had low scores in the physical and psychological domains. Workers with unstable employment had low scores in physical, psychological, and environment domains. CONCLUSION At 6 years after occupational injury, workers' HRQOL was poor among those whose salaries decreased after the injury, after adjustment for other factors.
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Jovanović J, Šarac I, Đinđić N, Jovanović S. THE INFLUENCE OF WORKING CONDITIONS, HEALTH STATUS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WORKERS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF WORKPLACE INJURIES. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2017. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2017.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Pek S, Turner N, Tucker S, Kelloway EK, Morrish J. Injunctive safety norms, young worker risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:202-210. [PMID: 28641090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injunctive safety norms (ISNs) refer to perceptions of others' expectations of one's safety-related conduct. Drawing on a sample of Canadian young workers (n=11,986;M age=17.90years; 55% males), we study the relationships among four sources of non-work-related (i.e., parents, siblings, friends, teachers), two sources of work-related (i.e., supervisors, co-workers) ISNs, young workers' self-reported work-related risk-taking behaviors, and workplace injuries. Structural equation modeling suggests that ISNs from parents, supervisors, and co-workers were related to less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors, and with fewer workplace injuries via less frequent work-related risk-taking behaviors. In addition, ISNs from supervisors were directly associated with fewer workplace injuries. In contrast, ISNs from teachers and siblings were not associated with work-related risk-taking behaviors, but ISNs from siblings were associated with fewer work injuries. Finally, ISNs from friends were associated with more frequent work-related risk-taking and more frequent work injuries via more frequent work-related risk-taking. This study draws attention to the relative roles of non-work sources of social influence and provides some evidence of how ISNs might be related to young workers' work-related risk-taking behaviors and their workplace injuries. It also contributes to practice by suggesting specific interventions that parents, supervisors, and co-workers could undertake to reduce young workers' work-related risk-taking and workplace injuries, namely encouraging youth to be safe at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pek
- Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| | - Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Sean Tucker
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Regina, Canada
| | | | - Jayne Morrish
- Jack and Nora Walker Canadian Centre for Lifespan Development Research, Brock University, Canada
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Environmental, Spatial, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Nonfatal Injuries in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 2017:5612378. [PMID: 28473861 PMCID: PMC5394409 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5612378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The determinants of injuries and their reoccurrence in Indonesia are not well understood, despite their importance in the prevention of injuries. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the environmental, spatial, and sociodemographic factors associated with the reoccurrence of injuries among Indonesian people. Methods. Data from the 2013 round of the Indonesia Baseline Health Research (IBHR 2013) were analysed using a two-part hurdle regression model. A logit regression model was chosen for the zero-hurdle part, while a zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was selected for the counts part. Odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) were the measures of association, respectively. Results. The results suggest that living in a household with distant drinking water source, residing in slum areas, residing in Eastern Indonesia, having low educational attainment, being men, and being poorer are positively related to the likelihood of experiencing injury. Moreover, being a farmer or fishermen, having low educational attainment, and being men are positively associated with the frequency of injuries. Conclusion. This study would be useful to prioritise injury prevention programs in Indonesia based on the environmental, spatial, and sociodemographic characteristics.
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Dong XS, Wang X, Ringen K, Sokas R. Baby boomers in the United States: Factors associated with working longer and delaying retirement. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:315-328. [PMID: 28299821 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study estimated the self-reported probability of working full-time past age 62 (P62) or age 65 (P65) among four cohorts of Americans born between 1931 and 1959. METHODS Data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were analyzed. Respondents in four age cohorts were selected for comparison. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess cohort differences in P62 and P65 while adjusting for covariates. RESULTS P62 and P65 increased among boomers despite worsened self-rated health compared to the two preceding cohorts, with 37% and 80% increases among mid-boomers in construction trades. Cohort differences in P62 and P65 remained after controlling for covariates. Changes in pensions, income inequity, and education were significantly associated with work expectations, but SSA policy was not. CONCLUSIONS Baby boomers expect to work longer than their predecessors. Efforts to improve work quality and availability for older workers are urgently needed, particularly in physically demanding occupations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:315-328, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Sue Dong
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training; Silver Spring Maryland
| | - Xuanwen Wang
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training; Silver Spring Maryland
| | - Knut Ringen
- CPWR-The Center for Construction Research and Training; Silver Spring Maryland
- Stoneturn Consultants; Seattle Washington
| | - Rosemary Sokas
- Department of Human Science; Georgetown University School of Nursing and Health Studies; Washington District of Columbia
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