1
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Ascaso Á, Arnedo M, Puisac B, Latorre-Pellicer A, Del Rincón J, Bueno-Lozano G, Pié J, Ramos FJ. Cornelia de Lange Spectrum. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:352-362. [PMID: 38735830 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation is highly variable, but the classic phenotype, characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, extremity reduction defects, hirsutism and intellectual disability can be distinguished from the nonclassic phenotype, which is generally milder and more difficult to diagnose. In addition, the clinical features overlap with those of other neurodevelopmental disorders, so the use of consensus clinical criteria and artificial intelligence tools may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Pathogenic variants in NIPBL, which encodes a protein related to the cohesin complex, have been identified in more than 60% of patients, and pathogenic variants in other genes related to this complex in another 15%: SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. Technical advances in large-scale sequencing have allowed the description of additional genes (BRD4, ANKRD11, MAU2), but the lack of molecular diagnosis in 15% of individuals and the substantial clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome suggest that other genes and mechanisms may be involved. Although there is no curative treatment, there are symptomatic/palliative treatments that paediatricians should be aware of. The main medical complication in classic SCdL is gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), which should be treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ascaso
- Consulta de Pediatría, Centro de Salud Delicias Sur, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arnedo
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Del Rincón
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
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2
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Hoogenboom A, Falix FA, van der Laan L, Kerkhof J, Alders M, Sadikovic B, van Haelst MM. Novel PUF60 variant suggesting an interaction between Verheij and Cornelia de Lange syndrome: phenotype description and review of the literature. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:435-439. [PMID: 38273166 PMCID: PMC10999433 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Verheij syndrome [VRJS; OMIM 615583] is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by distinct clinical features, including growth retardation, intellectual disability, cardiac, and renal anomalies. VRJS is caused by deletions of chromosome 8q24.3 or pathogenic variants in the PUF60 gene. Recently, pathogenic PUF60 variants have been reported in some individuals with VRJS, contributing to the variability in the clinical presentation and severity of the condition. PUF60 encodes a protein involved in regulating gene expression and cellular growth. In this report, we describe a new case of VRJS with developmental delay, cardiac-, and renal abnormalities, caused by a heterozygous pathogenic PUF60 variant. Surprisingly, DNA methylation analysis revealed a pattern resembling the Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) episignature, suggesting a potential connection between PUF60 and CdLS-related genes. This case report further delineates the clinical and molecular spectrum of VRJS and supports further research to validate the interaction between VRJS and CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarens Hoogenboom
- Medical University of Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of pediatrics, Curaçao Medical Center (CMC), Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Farah A Falix
- Department of pediatrics, Curaçao Medical Center (CMC), Willemstad, Curaçao
| | - Liselot van der Laan
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of pediatrics, Curaçao Medical Center (CMC), Willemstad, Curaçao.
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Gil-Salvador M, Latorre-Pellicer A, Lucia-Campos C, Arnedo M, Darnaude MT, Díaz de Bustamante A, Villares R, Palma Milla C, Puisac B, Musio A, Ramos FJ, Pié J. Case report: A novel case of parental mosaicism in SMC1A gene causes inherited Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:993064. [PMID: 36246631 PMCID: PMC9554350 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.993064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultimate advances in genetic technologies have permitted the detection of transmitted cases of congenital diseases due to parental gonadosomatic mosaicism. Regarding Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), up to date, only a few cases are known to follow this inheritance pattern. However, the high prevalence of somatic mosaicism recently reported in this syndrome (∼13%), together with the disparity observed in tissue distribution of the causal variant, suggests that its prevalence in this disorder could be underestimated. Here, we report a new case of parental gonadosomatic mosaicism in SMC1A gene that causes inherited CdLS, in which the mother of the patient carries the causative variant in very low allele frequencies in buccal swab and blood. While the affected child presents with typical CdLS phenotype, his mother does not show any clinical manifestations. As regards SMC1A, the difficulty of clinical identification of carrier females has been already recognized, as well as the gender differences observed in CdLS expressivity when the causal variant is found in this gene. Currently, the use of DNA deep-sequencing techniques is highly recommended when it comes to molecular diagnosis of patients, as well as in co-segregation studies. These enable us to uncover gonadosomatic mosaic events in asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic parents that had been overlooked so far, which might have great implications regarding genetic counseling for recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Salvador
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Lucia-Campos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Rebeca Villares
- Neuropediatrics, University Hospital of Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Musio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Feliciano J. Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital “Lozano Blesa”, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, CIBERER and IIS-Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan Pié,
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4
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Panarotto M, Davidson IF, Litos G, Schleiffer A, Peters JM. Cornelia de Lange syndrome mutations in NIPBL can impair cohesin-mediated DNA loop extrusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201029119. [PMID: 35476527 PMCID: PMC9170158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201029119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a developmental multisystem disorder frequently associated with mutations in NIPBL. CdLS is thought to arise from developmental gene regulation defects, but how NIPBL mutations cause these is unknown. Here we show that several NIPBL mutations impair the DNA loop extrusion activity of cohesin. Because this activity is required for the formation of chromatin loops and topologically associating domains, which have important roles in gene regulation, our results suggest that defects in cohesin-mediated loop extrusion contribute to the etiology of CdLS by altering interactions between developmental genes and their enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Panarotto
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain F. Davidson
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Litos
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan-Michael Peters
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Cummings CT, Rowley MJ. Implications of Dosage Deficiencies in CTCF and Cohesin on Genome Organization, Gene Expression, and Human Neurodevelopment. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:583. [PMID: 35456389 PMCID: PMC9030571 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly organizing DNA within the nucleus is critical to ensure normal downstream nuclear functions. CTCF and cohesin act as major architectural proteins, working in concert to generate thousands of high-intensity chromatin loops. Due to their central role in loop formation, a massive research effort has been dedicated to investigating the mechanism by which CTCF and cohesin create these loops. Recent results lead to questioning the direct impact of CTCF loops on gene expression. Additionally, results of controlled depletion experiments in cell lines has indicated that genome architecture may be somewhat resistant to incomplete deficiencies in CTCF or cohesin. However, heterozygous human genetic deficiencies in CTCF and cohesin have illustrated the importance of their dosage in genome architecture, cellular processes, animal behavior, and disease phenotypes. Thus, the importance of considering CTCF or cohesin levels is especially made clear by these heterozygous germline variants that characterize genetic syndromes, which are increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Defined primarily by developmental delay and intellectual disability, the phenotypes of CTCF and cohesin deficiency illustrate the importance of architectural proteins particularly in neurodevelopment. We discuss the distinct roles of CTCF and cohesin in forming chromatin loops, highlight the major role that dosage of each protein plays in the amplitude of observed effects on gene expression, and contrast these results to heterozygous mutation phenotypes in murine models and clinical patients. Insights highlighted by this comparison have implications for future research into these newly emerging genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Cummings
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - M. Jordan Rowley
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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6
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Shen Y, Zhao D, Sun L, Yang X, Yan X. Congenital vaginal obstruction in a female with Cornelia de Lange syndrome: A case report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:886235. [PMID: 36093091 PMCID: PMC9453387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.886235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disease involving multiorgan systems that varies in clinical manifestations. Female genital abnormalities in patients with CdLS are rarely reported, and current guidelines for CdLS contain little information related to female genital abnormalities. We report a case of classic CdLS with an NIPBL gene pathogenic variant in a 4.5-year-old girl who experienced recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) with vesical tenesmus. Urogenital physical and imaging examinations revealed external vaginal orifice obstruction and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Vaginal diaphragm-like tissue resection and vaginal orifice plasty were performed on this patient. The symptoms of urination disorders and recurrent UTIs, as well as VUR grading, improved after relieving the vaginal obstruction during the operation. For female CdLS patients, especially those with VUR, it is necessary to check for genital abnormalities and perform timely treatment, which is of great significance in improving urination disorder symptoms, reducing resistance during voiding, decreasing the occurrence of secondary VUR, and controlling recurrent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Shen
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Pablo MJ, Pamplona P, Haddad M, Benavente I, Latorre-Pellicer A, Arnedo M, Trujillano L, Bueno-Lozano G, Kerr LM, Huisman SA, Kaiser FJ, Ramos F, Kline AD, Pie J, Puisac B. High rate of autonomic neuropathy in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:458. [PMID: 34717699 PMCID: PMC8556971 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by typical facial features, growth failure, limb abnormalities, and gastroesophageal dysfunction that may be caused by mutations in several genes that disrupt gene regulation early in development. Symptoms in individuals with CdLS suggest that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is involved, yet there is little direct evidence. Method Somatic nervous system was evaluated by conventional motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and autonomic nervous system by heart rate variability, sympathetic skin response and sudomotor testing. CdLS Clinical Score and genetic studies were also obtained. Results Sympathetic skin response and sudomotor test were pathological in 35% and 34% of the individuals with CdLS, respectively. Nevertheless, normal values in large fiber nerve function studies. Conclusions Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is found in many individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, and could be related to premature aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02082-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pablo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Neurophysiology, San Jorge University Hospital, Huesca, Spain
| | - P Pamplona
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Neurophysiology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Haddad
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Neurophysiology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Benavente
- Unit of Neurophysiology, San Jorge University Hospital, Huesca, Spain
| | - A Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Trujillano
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clinico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G Bueno-Lozano
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clinico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L M Kerr
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S A Huisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Prinsenstichting, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - F J Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clinico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A D Kline
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - B Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Lupu S, Bratu OG, Tit DM, Bungau S, Maghiar O, Maghiar TA, Scarneciu CC, Scarneciu I. Genital self-mutilation: A challenging pathology (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1130. [PMID: 34504580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital self-mutilation is a pathology that leads to numerous and important discussions, rarely presented in the medical literature. There have been many attempts to explain the reasons behind these medical phenomena, but single cases have been generally reported, making it extremely difficult to draw valid conclusions. It is acknowledged that there are psychotic and non-psychotic causes, from psychiatric problems and sexual identity disorders to cultural or religious reasons, alcohol or recreational drug consumption, unconventional types of sexual satisfaction or self-satisfaction. Recent theories consider self-mutilation as a phenomenon of reducing distress or tension, as an expression of feelings of anger or sorrow. It is believed that 55-85% of those who have resorted to self-mutilation have at least once in their life tried to commit suicide. There is evidence that early discovery and intervention as well as proper treatment in regards to psychosis can significantly reduce the number of self-mutilation episodes, with a protective role of these individuals. Cases of genital self-mutilation may be considered real medical emergencies, sometimes extremely challenging and accompanied by severe complications. Injury of the genital area is usually accompanied by numerous early or long-term complications due to the marked vascular area and to the microbial flora present in this part of the body. The degree of mutilation is an unforeseen aspect that the medical staff may have to encounter during the intervention, sometimes testing their imagination and surgical skills when dealing with such a case. Understanding the causes of these self-aggressive behaviors, which may be life-threatening, is critical and multidisciplinary mobilization is needed after treatment of the acute phases. The outcome of these patients depends on integrated collaborative work. These cases represent a serious reason for frustration for the physicians involved in solving them, and knowledge of these issues is valuable to urologists, psychiatrists and other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Lupu
- Clinic of Urology, Brasov Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Brasov 500326, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- Clinical Department 3, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Octavian Maghiar
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia C Scarneciu
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, 'Transilvania' University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania
| | - Ioan Scarneciu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, 'Transilvania' University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania
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9
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Latorre-Pellicer A, Gil-Salvador M, Parenti I, Lucia-Campos C, Trujillano L, Marcos-Alcalde I, Arnedo M, Ascaso Á, Ayerza-Casas A, Antoñanzas-Pérez R, Gervasini C, Piccione M, Mariani M, Weber A, Kanber D, Kuechler A, Munteanu M, Khuller K, Bueno-Lozano G, Puisac B, Gómez-Puertas P, Selicorni A, Kaiser FJ, Ramos FJ, Pié J. Clinical relevance of postzygotic mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and purifying selection of NIPBL variants in blood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15459. [PMID: 34326454 PMCID: PMC8322329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Postzygotic mosaicism (PZM) in NIPBL is a strong source of causality for Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) that can have major clinical implications. Here, we further delineate the role of somatic mosaicism in CdLS by describing a series of 11 unreported patients with mosaic disease-causing variants in NIPBL and performing a retrospective cohort study from a Spanish CdLS diagnostic center. By reviewing the literature and combining our findings with previously published data, we demonstrate a negative selection against somatic deleterious NIPBL variants in blood. Furthermore, the analysis of all reported cases indicates an unusual high prevalence of mosaicism in CdLS, occurring in 13.1% of patients with a positive molecular diagnosis. It is worth noting that most of the affected individuals with mosaicism have a clinical phenotype at least as severe as those with constitutive pathogenic variants. However, the type of genetic change does not vary between germline and somatic events and, even in the presence of mosaicism, missense substitutions are located preferentially within the HEAT repeat domain of NIPBL. In conclusion, the high prevalence of mosaicism in CdLS as well as the disparity in tissue distribution provide a novel orientation for the clinical management and genetic counselling of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Salvador
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cristina Lucia-Campos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillano
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Biosciences Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángela Ascaso
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariadna Ayerza-Casas
- Unit of Paediatric Cardiology, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rebeca Antoñanzas-Pérez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Piccione
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- Centro Fondazione Mariani per il Bambino Fragile, Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Axel Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Deniz Kanber
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Munteanu
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Khuller
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Centro Fondazione Mariani per il Bambino Fragile, Department of Pediatrics, ASST-Lariana Sant'Anna Hospital, San Fermo della Battaglia (Como), Italy
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Essener Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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10
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Panaitescu AM, Duta S, Gica N, Botezatu R, Nedelea F, Peltecu G, Veduta A. A Broader Perspective on the Prenatal Diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Case Presentation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010142. [PMID: 33478103 PMCID: PMC7835910 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CDLS) is caused by pathogenic variants in genes which are structural or regulatory components of the cohesin complex. The classical Cornelia de Lange (CDLS) phenotype is characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, upper limb reduction defects, hirsutism, and developmental delay. Non-classical phenotypes make this condition heterogeneous. Although CDLS is a heterogeneous clinical and genetic condition, clear diagnostic criteria have been described by specialist consensus. Many of these criteria refer to features that can be seen on prenatal ultrasound. The aim of this paper is twofold: to present the ultrasound findings in fetuses affected by CDLS syndrome; to discuss the recent advances and the limitations in the ultrasound and genetic prenatal diagnosis of CDLS. Our review aims to offer, apart from the data needed to understand the genetics and the prenatal presentation of the disease, a joint perspective of the two specialists involved in the prenatal management of this pathology: the fetal medicine specialist and the geneticist. To better illustrate the data presented, we also include a representative clinical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-23188930
| | - Simona Duta
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Nicolae Gica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Radu Botezatu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Florina Nedelea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Peltecu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (N.G.); (R.B.); (F.N.); (G.P.)
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Alina Veduta
- Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (S.D.); (A.V.)
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11
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Targeted Gene Sequencing, Bone Health, and Body Composition in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate bone health and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in individuals with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Overall, nine individuals with CdLS (five females, all Caucasian, aged 5–38 years) were assessed. Total body less head (TBLH) and lumbar spine (LS) scans were performed, and bone serum biomarkers were determined. Molecular analyses were carried out and clinical scores and skeletal features were assessed. Based on deep sequencing of a custom target gene panel, it was discovered that eight of the nine CdLS patients had potentially causative genetic variants in NIPBL. Fat and lean mass indices (FMI and LMI) were 3.4–11.1 and 8.4–17.0 kg/m2, respectively. For TBLH areal bone mineral density (aBMD), after adjusting for height for age Z-score of children and adolescents, two individuals (an adolescent and an adult) had low BMD (aBMD Z-scores less than –2.0 SD). Calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH-vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 2.08–2.49 nmol/L, 2.10–3.75 nmol/L, 39.94–78.37 nmol/L, 23.4–80.3 pg/mL, and 43–203 IU/L, respectively. Individuals with CdLS might have normal adiposity and low levels of lean mass measured with DXA. Bone health in this population seems to be less of a concern during childhood and adolescence. However, they might be at risk for impaired bone health due to low aBMD in adulthood.
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12
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Du J, Li W, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yu J, Hou X, Fang H. An in silico mechanistic insight into HDAC8 activation facilitates the discovery of new small-molecule activators. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115607. [PMID: 32690262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research interest in the development of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) activators has substantially increased since loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations were found in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). A series of N-acetylthioureas (e.g., TM-2-51) have been identified as HDAC8-selective activators, among others; however, their activation mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fragment-centric topographical mapping (FCTM) to investigate the mechanism of HDAC8 activation. Our results revealed that improper binding of the coumarin group of fluorescent substrates leads to the "flipping out" of catalytic residue Y306, which reduces the enzymatic activity of HDAC8 towards fluorescent substrates. A pocket between the coumarin group of the substrate and thed catalytic residue Y306 was filled with the activator TM-2-51, which not only enhanced binding between HDAC8 and the fluorescent substrate complex but also stabilized Y306 in a catalytically active conformation. Based on this newly proposed substrate-dependent activation mechanism, we performed structure-based virtual screening and successfully identified low-molecular-weight scaffolds as new HDAC8 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintong Du
- Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States; NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai 200122, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States.
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Latorre-Pellicer A, Ascaso Á, Trujillano L, Gil-Salvador M, Arnedo M, Lucia-Campos C, Antoñanzas-Pérez R, Marcos-Alcalde I, Parenti I, Bueno-Lozano G, Musio A, Puisac B, Kaiser FJ, Ramos FJ, Gómez-Puertas P, Pié J. Evaluating Face2Gene as a Tool to Identify Cornelia de Lange Syndrome by Facial Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031042. [PMID: 32033219 PMCID: PMC7038094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characteristic or classic phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. However, the heterogeneity in causal genes and the presence of overlapping syndromes have made it increasingly difficult to diagnose only by clinical features. DeepGestalt technology, and its app Face2Gene, is having a growing impact on the diagnosis and management of genetic diseases by analysing the features of affected individuals. Here, we performed a phenotypic study on a cohort of 49 individuals harbouring causative variants in known CdLS genes in order to evaluate Face2Gene utility and sensitivity in the clinical diagnosis of CdLS. Based on the profile images of patients, a diagnosis of CdLS was within the top five predicted syndromes for 97.9% of our cases and even listed as first prediction for 83.7%. The age of patients did not seem to affect the prediction accuracy, whereas our results indicate a correlation between the clinical score and affected genes. Furthermore, each gene presents a different pattern recognition that may be used to develop new neural networks with the goal of separating different genetic subtypes in CdLS. Overall, we conclude that computer-assisted image analysis based on deep learning could support the clinical diagnosis of CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Ángela Ascaso
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Laura Trujillano
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Marta Gil-Salvador
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Maria Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Cristina Lucia-Campos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Rebeca Antoñanzas-Pérez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Iñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Bioscience Research Institute, School of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, UFV, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.P.); (F.J.K.)
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (I.P.); (F.J.K.)
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Feliciano J. Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Lozano Blesa”, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (Á.A.); (L.T.)
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBMSO (CSIC-UAM), E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-976-761677 (J.P.); +34-91-1964663 (P.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (M.G.-S.); (M.A.); (C.L.-C.); (R.A.-P.); (B.P.); (F.J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (P.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-976-761677 (J.P.); +34-91-1964663 (P.G.-P.)
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Herrero-García A, Marín-Reina P, Cabezuelo-Huerta G, Ferrer-Lorente MB, Rosello M, Orellana C, Martínez F, Pérez-Aytés A. Mixed Phenotype of Langer-Giedion's and Cornelia de Lange's Syndromes in an 8q23.3-q24.1 Microdeletion without TRPS1 Deletion. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:53-57. [PMID: 31976145 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1694779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Langer-Giedion's syndrome (LGS) or trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II (TRPS II; MIM:150230) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome caused by the haploinsufficiency of the TRPS1 and EXT1 genes. Cornelia de Lange's syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically heterogeneous dysmorphic syndrome where heterozygous mutations of RAD21 gene have been associated with a mild clinical presentation (CDLS type 4; MIM: 614701). We report a female patient with a 2.3-Mb interstitial deletion at 8q23.3-q24.1 encompassing EXT1 and RAD21 genes but not TRPS1 . Clinical findings in this patient are correlated with a mixed phenotype of LGS and CdLS type 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Herrero-García
- Department of Pediatrics, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Marín-Reina
- Dysmorphology and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Mónica Rosello
- Department of Genetics, Translational Genetics Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Orellana
- Department of Genetics, Translational Genetics Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Translational Genetics Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Aytés
- Dysmorphology and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Chinen Y, Nakamura S, Kaneshi T, Nakayashiro M, Yanagi K, Kaname T, Naritomi K, Nakanishi K. A novel nonsense SMC1A mutation in a patient with intractable epilepsy and cardiac malformation. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 31098032 PMCID: PMC6513828 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a cohesinopathy caused by genetic variations. We present a female with SMC1A-associated CdLS with a novel SMC1A truncation mutation (p. Arg499Ter), transposition of the great arteries, and periodic intractable seizures from 40 months of age. A review of the literature revealed that a seizure-free period after birth of at least 15 months is required for these patients to be able to walk, irrespective of the epileptic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Chinen
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Sadao Nakamura
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaneshi
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Mami Nakayashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center Children's Medical Center, Haebaru, Okinawa Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- 3Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- 3Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Naritomi
- Okinawa Nanbu Habilitation and Medical Center, Naha, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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16
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Tang H, Guo J, Linpeng S, Wu L. Next generation sequencing identified two novel mutations in NIPBL and a frame shift mutation in CREBBP in three Chinese children. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:45. [PMID: 30770747 PMCID: PMC6377774 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) are both rare congenital multiple malformation disorders caused by genes associated with transcription. They share a number of similar features clinically. In addition, it is difficult to make a molecular diagnosis rapidly and detect the mosaic mutation when only sanger sequencing is taken. This study aims to report three novel mutations in three Chinese children identified by next generation sequencing. RESULTS We describe patient 1 and patient 2 presenting with characteristics of CdLS with mutations in NIPBL and patient 3 with a frame shift mutation in CREBBP who can be diagnosed as RSTS clinically and also have similar symptoms with CdLS to some extent. The splicing site c.4321-1G > A transversion in NIPBL is a mosaic mutation and produces an abnormal transcript bearing the loss of exon 20. The nonsense mutation c.218C > A in NIPBL and the frame shift c.1715delC mutation in CREBBP generate stop codon and yield the premature termination of proteins. CONCLUSIONS In general, we detect three novel heterozygous mutations including a splicing mutation and a nonsense mutation in NIPBL and a frame shift in CREBBP. And several similar features observed in patients indicate the clinical complexity and clinically overlapping of CdLS and RSTS termed "transcriptomopathies", suggest the underlying molecular mechanism and emphasize the utilization of next generation sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Linpeng
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of life sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Decimi V, Parma B, Panceri R, Fossati C, Mariani M, Russo S, Gervasini CC, Cheli M, Cereda A, Selicorni A. Use of nutritional devices in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Data from a large Italian cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1865-1871. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Parma
- Department of Pediatrics. ASST‐Lariana. Sant'Anna Hospital San Fermo della Battaglia (Como) Italy
| | - Roberto Panceri
- Department of PediatricsUniversità Milano Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of PediatricsUniversità Milano Bicocca Monza Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- School of Specialization in Medical GeneticsUniversity of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsIstituto Auxologico Italiano Milano Italy
| | - Cristina C. Gervasini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Cheli
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of PediatricsASST Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Pediatrics. ASST‐Lariana. Sant'Anna Hospital San Fermo della Battaglia (Como) Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is produced by mutations in genes that encode regulatory or structural proteins of the cohesin complex. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is not a major criterion of the disease, but it affects many individuals. The objective of this study was to study the incidence and type of CHD in patients with CdLS. MATERIAL AND METHOD Cardiological findings were evaluated in 149 patients with CdLS and their possible relationship with clinical and genetic variables. RESULTS A percentage of 34.9 had CHD (septal defects 50%, pulmonary stenosis 27%, aortic coarctation 9.6%). The presence of CHD was related with neonatal hospitalisation (P=.04), hearing loss (P=.002), mortality (P=.09) and lower hyperactivity (P=.02), it being more frequent in HDAC8+ patients (60%), followed by NIPBL+ (33%) and SMC1A+ (28.5%). While septal defects predominate in NIPBL+, pulmonary stenosis is more common in HDAC8+. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CdLS have a high incidence of CHD, which varies according to the affected gene, the most frequent findings being septal defects and pulmonary stenosis. Perform a cardiologic study in all these patients is suggested.
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19
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Björkman A, Du L, van der Burg M, Cormier-Daire V, Borck G, Pié J, Anderlid BM, Hammarström L, Ström L, de Villartay JP, Kipling D, Dunn Walters D, Pan-Hammarström Q. Reduced immunoglobulin gene diversity in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:408-411.e8. [PMID: 28826797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Björkman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Likun Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology-Physiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Ström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médicine René Descartes, Site Necker, Institut Fédératif de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - David Kipling
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Dunn Walters
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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20
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Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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21
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Huisman S, Mulder PA, Redeker E, Bader I, Bisgaard AM, Brooks A, Cereda A, Cinca C, Clark D, Cormier-Daire V, Deardorff MA, Diderich K, Elting M, van Essen A, FitzPatrick D, Gervasini C, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Girisha KM, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Hopman S, Horn D, Isrie M, Jansen S, Jespersgaard C, Kaiser FJ, Kaur M, Kleefstra T, Krantz ID, Lakeman P, Landlust A, Lessel D, Michot C, Moss J, Noon SE, Oliver C, Parenti I, Pie J, Ramos FJ, Rieubland C, Russo S, Selicorni A, Tümer Z, Vorstenbosch R, Wenger TL, van Balkom I, Piening S, Wierzba J, Hennekam RC. Phenotypes and genotypes in individuals with SMC1A variants. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2108-2125. [PMID: 28548707 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SMC1A encodes one of the proteins of the cohesin complex. SMC1A variants are known to cause a phenotype resembling Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Exome sequencing has allowed recognizing SMC1A variants in individuals with encephalopathy with epilepsy who do not resemble CdLS. We performed an international, interdisciplinary study on 51 individuals with SMC1A variants for physical and behavioral characteristics, and compare results to those in 67 individuals with NIPBL variants. For the Netherlands all known individuals with SMC1A variants were studied, both with and without CdLS phenotype. Individuals with SMC1A variants can resemble CdLS, but manifestations are less marked compared to individuals with NIPBL variants: growth is less disturbed, facial signs are less marked (except for periocular signs and thin upper vermillion), there are no major limb anomalies, and they have a higher level of cognitive and adaptive functioning. Self-injurious behavior is more frequent and more severe in the NIPBL group. In the Dutch group 5 of 13 individuals (all females) had a phenotype that shows a remarkable resemblance to Rett syndrome: epileptic encephalopathy, severe or profound intellectual disability, stereotypic movements, and (in some) regression. Their missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations are evenly spread over the gene. We conclude that SMC1A variants can result in a phenotype resembling CdLS and a phenotype resembling Rett syndrome. Resemblances between the SMC1A group and the NIPBL group suggest that a disturbed cohesin function contributes to the phenotype, but differences between these groups may also be explained by other underlying mechanisms such as moonlighting of the cohesin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Prinsenstichting Institute, Purmerend, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Mulder
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Alice Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Constanza Cinca
- División Genetica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dinah Clark
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karin Diderich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Saskia Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mala Isrie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrine Jespersgaard
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Landlust
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Michot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institut für Humangenetik Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juan Pie
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa" CIBERER-GCV02 and Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Russo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Tara L Wenger
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ingrid van Balkom
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Moss J, Penhallow J, Ansari M, Barton S, Bourn D, FitzPatrick DR, Goodship J, Hammond P, Roberts C, Welham A, Oliver C. Genotype-phenotype correlations in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Behavioral characteristics and changes with age. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1566-1574. [PMID: 28425213 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder associated with unusual facial features, limb abnormalities, a wide range of health conditions, and intellectual disability. Mutations in five genes that encode (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) or regulate (NIPBL, HDAC8) the cohesin complex have been identified in up to 70% of individuals. Genetic cause remains unknown for a proportion of individuals. There is substantial heterogeneity in all aspects of CdLS but very little is known about what predicts phenotypic heterogeneity. In this study, we evaluated genotype-phenotype associations in 34 individuals with CdLS. Participants with NIPBL mutations had significantly lower self help skills and were less likely to have verbal skills relative to those who were negative for the NIPBL mutation. No significant differences were identified between the groups in relation to repetitive behavior, mood, interest and pleasure, challenging behavior, activity, impulsivity, and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder whilst controlling differences in self help skills. Significant correlations indicating lower mood, interest and pleasure, and increased insistence on sameness with older age were identified for those who were NIPBL mutation positive. The findings suggest similarities in the behavioral phenotype between those with and without the NIPBL mutation once differences in self help skills are controlled for. However, there may be subtle differences in the developmental trajectory of these behaviors according to genetic mutation status in CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Penhallow
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Morad Ansari
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephanie Barton
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Bourn
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Judith Goodship
- Northern Regional Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Hammond
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - Catherine Roberts
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alice Welham
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Mulder PA, Huisman SA, Hennekam RC, Oliver C, van Balkom IDC, Piening S. Behaviour in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:361-366. [PMID: 27988966 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Careful study and accurate description of behaviour are important to understand developmental challenges for individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Here we present a systematic review of current understanding of behaviour in CdLS. METHOD A systematic search was performed for articles published between January 1946 and December 2015 evaluating autism, self-injury, and/or cognition in CdLS. After study-selection, 43 papers were included. The Cochrane quality criteria were adjusted to assign quality scores to the included studies. RESULTS Participants were mostly categorized in the severe/profound developmental level. Methodology and quality were very heterogeneous, as well as reporting occurrence of autism. Self-injurious behaviour was reported in 15 papers. Physical conditions were reported in 21 studies, mostly related to hearing and vision. Only nine studies mentioned details about medication. INTERPRETATION Comparison of presented results was hindered by heterogeneous assessment methods. Improving our understanding of behavioural characteristics in CdLS requires more uniform methodology. We propose a criterion standard of instruments that can ideally be used in assessment of behaviour and development. This will improve understanding of behaviour in the context of developmental level and daily functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Mulder
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia A Huisman
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ingrid D C van Balkom
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Puisac B, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Hernández-Marcos M, Baquero-Montoya C, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Visnes T, Bot C, Gómez-Puertas P, Kaiser FJ, Ramos FJ, Ström L, Pié J. mRNA Quantification of NIPBL Isoforms A and B in Adult and Fetal Human Tissues, and a Potentially Pathological Variant Affecting Only Isoform A in Two Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030481. [PMID: 28241484 PMCID: PMC5372497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital developmental disorder characterized by craniofacial dysmorphia, growth retardation, limb malformations, and intellectual disability. Approximately 60% of patients with CdLS carry a recognizable pathological variant in the NIPBL gene, of which two isoforms, A and B, have been identified, and which only differ in the C-terminal segment. In this work, we describe the distribution pattern of the isoforms A and B mRNAs in tissues of adult and fetal origin, by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Our results show a higher gene expression of the isoform A, even though both seem to have the same tissue distribution. Interestingly, the expression in fetal tissues is higher than that of adults, especially in brain and skeletal muscle. Curiously, the study of fibroblasts of two siblings with a mild CdLS phenotype and a pathological variant specific of the isoform A of NIPBL (c.8387A > G; P.Tyr2796Cys), showed a similar reduction in both isoforms, and a normal sensitivity to DNA damage. Overall, these results suggest that the position of the pathological variant at the 3´ end of the NIPBL gene affecting only isoform A, is likely to be the cause of the atypical mild phenotype of the two brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María-Esperanza Teresa-Rodrigo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Hernández-Marcos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - María-Concepción Gil-Rodríguez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Bot
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics at the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Lena Ström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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25
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Symonds JD, Joss S, Metcalfe KA, Somarathi S, Cruden J, Devlin AM, Donaldson A, DiDonato N, Fitzpatrick D, Kaiser FJ, Lampe AK, Lees MM, McLellan A, Montgomery T, Mundada V, Nairn L, Sarkar A, Schallner J, Pozojevic J, Parenti I, Tan J, Turnpenny P, Whitehouse WP, Zuberi SM. Heterozygous truncation mutations of the SMC1A gene cause a severe early onset epilepsy with cluster seizures in females: Detailed phenotyping of 10 new cases. Epilepsia 2017; 58:565-575. [PMID: 28166369 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotype of seizure clustering with febrile illnesses in infancy/early childhood is well recognized. To date the only genetic epilepsy consistently associated with this phenotype is PCDH19, an X-linked disorder restricted to females, and males with mosaicism. The SMC1A gene, which encodes a structural component of the cohesin complex is also located on the X chromosome. Missense variants and small in-frame deletions of SMC1A cause approximately 5% of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Recently, protein truncating mutations in SMC1A have been reported in five females, all of whom have been affected by a drug-resistant epilepsy, and severe developmental impairment. Our objective was to further delineate the phenotype of SMC1A truncation. METHOD Female cases with de novo truncation mutations in SMC1A were identified from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study (n = 8), from postmortem testing of an affected twin (n = 1), and from clinical testing with an epilepsy gene panel (n = 1). Detailed information on the phenotype in each case was obtained. RESULTS Ten cases with heterozygous de novo mutations in the SMC1A gene are presented. All 10 mutations identified are predicted to result in premature truncation of the SMC1A protein. All cases are female, and none had a clinical diagnosis of CdLS. They presented with onset of epileptic seizures between <4 weeks and 28 months of age. In the majority of cases, a marked preponderance for seizures to occur in clusters was noted. Seizure clusters were associated with developmental regression. Moderate or severe developmental impairment was apparent in all cases. SIGNIFICANCE Truncation mutations in SMC1A cause a severe epilepsy phenotype with cluster seizures in females. These mutations are likely to be nonviable in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Symonds
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kay A Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Somarathi
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Cruden
- Department of Paediatrics, Victoria Infirmary, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
| | - Anita M Devlin
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Fitzpatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne K Lampe
- South East Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa M Lees
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa McLellan
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Montgomery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Mundada
- Paediatric Neurology Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Nairn
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Schallner
- Carl Gustav Carus Hospital, at the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jelena Pozojevic
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeen Tan
- Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - William P Whitehouse
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | -
- The Deciphering Developmental Disorders study, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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26
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Screen for reactivation of MeCP2 on the inactive X chromosome identifies the BMP/TGF-β superfamily as a regulator of XIST expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1619-1624. [PMID: 28143937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621356114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RS) is a debilitating neurological disorder affecting mostly girls with heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 on the X chromosome. Because restoration of MeCP2 expression in a mouse model reverses neurologic deficits in adult animals, reactivation of the wild-type copy of MeCP2 on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) presents a therapeutic opportunity in RS. To identify genes involved in MeCP2 silencing, we screened a library of 60,000 shRNAs using a cell line with a MeCP2 reporter on the Xi and found 30 genes clustered in seven functional groups. More than half encoded proteins with known enzymatic activity, and six were members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/TGF-β pathway. shRNAs directed against each of these six genes down-regulated X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), a key player in X-chromosome inactivation that encodes an RNA that coats the silent X chromosome, and modulation of regulators of this pathway both in cell culture and in mice demonstrated robust regulation of XIST. Moreover, we show that Rnf12, an X-encoded ubiquitin ligase important for initiation of X-chromosome inactivation and XIST transcription in ES cells, also plays a role in maintenance of the inactive state through regulation of BMP/TGF-β signaling. Our results identify pharmacologically suitable targets for reactivation of MeCP2 on the Xi and a genetic circuitry that maintains XIST expression and X-chromosome inactivation in differentiated cells.
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Mutations in chromatin regulators functionally link Cornelia de Lange syndrome and clinically overlapping phenotypes. Hum Genet 2017; 136:307-320. [PMID: 28120103 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated tissue-specific regulation of gene expression is essential for the proper development of all organisms. Mutations in multiple transcriptional regulators cause a group of neurodevelopmental disorders termed "transcriptomopathies" that share core phenotypical features including growth retardation, developmental delay, intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism. Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) belongs to this class of disorders and is caused by mutations in different subunits or regulators of the cohesin complex. Herein, we report on the clinical and molecular characterization of seven patients with features overlapping with CdLS who were found to carry mutations in chromatin regulators previously associated to other neurodevelopmental disorders that are frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of CdLS. The identified mutations affect the methyltransferase-encoding genes KMT2A and SETD5 and different subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Complementary to this, a patient with Coffin-Siris syndrome was found to carry a missense substitution in NIPBL. Our findings indicate that mutations in a variety of chromatin-associated factors result in overlapping clinical phenotypes, underscoring the genetic heterogeneity that should be considered when assessing the clinical and molecular diagnosis of neurodevelopmental syndromes. It is clear that emerging molecular mechanisms of chromatin dysregulation are central to understanding the pathogenesis of these clinically overlapping genetic disorders.
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Wenger TL, Chow P, Randle SC, Rosen A, Birgfeld C, Wrede J, Javid P, King D, Manh V, Hing AV, Albers E. Novel findings of left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, microform cleft lip and poor vision in patient with SMC1A
-associated Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:414-420. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Wenger
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Penny Chow
- Division of Genetics; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | | | - Anna Rosen
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Craig Birgfeld
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Joanna Wrede
- Division of Neurology; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Patrick Javid
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Darcy King
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
- Division of Neurodevelopmental Disabilities; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Vivian Manh
- Division of Ophthalmology; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Anne V. Hing
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
| | - Erin Albers
- Division of Cardiology; Seattle Children's Hospital; Seattle Washington
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Pié J, Puisac B, Hernández-Marcos M, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Gil-Rodríguez M, Baquero-Montoya C, Ramos-Cáceres M, Bernal M, Ayerza-Casas A, Bueno I, Gómez-Puertas P, Ramos FJ. Special cases in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: The Spanish experience. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:198-205. [PMID: 27164022 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant (NIPBL, SMC3, and RAD21) or X-linked (SMC1A and HDAC8) disorder, characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, growth retardation, intellectual disability, and limb anomalies. In 2005, the Spanish CdLS Reference Center was started and now we have more than 270 cases in our database. In this special issue, we describe some of the unique or atypical patients studied by our group, whose clinical features have contributed to the expansion of the CdLS classical phenotype, helping clinicians to diagnose it. We include the case of a male with unilateral tibial hypoplasia and peroneal agenesis who had a mutation in NIPBL; we also describe one patient with a mutation in NIPBL and somatic mosaicism identified by new generation sequencing techniques; we also include one patient with CdLS and Turner syndrome; and last, an interesting patient with a duplication of the SMC1A gene. Finally, we make a short review of the splicing mutations we have found in NIPBL regarding the new knowledge on the physiological variants of the gene. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Cereda A, Mariani M, Rebora P, Sajeva A, Ajmone PF, Gervasini C, Russo S, Kullmann G, Valsecchi G, Selicorni A. A new prognostic index of severity of intellectual disabilities in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:179-89. [PMID: 27148700 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a well-known multiple congenital anomalies/intellectual disability syndrome with genetic heterogeneity and wide clinical variability, regarding the severity of both the intellectual disabilities and the physical features, not completely explained by the genotype-phenotype correlations known to date. The aim of the study was the identification of prognostic features, ascertainable precociously in the patient's life, of a better intellectual outcome and the development of a new prognostic index of severity of intellectual disability in CdLS patients. In 66 italian CdLS patients aged 8 years or more, we evaluated the association of the degree of intellectual disability with various clinical parameters ascertainable before 6 months of life and with the molecular data by the application of cumulative regression logistic model. Based on these results and on the previously known genotype-phenotype correlations, we selected seven parameters to be used in a multivariate cumulative regression logistic model to develop a prognostic index of severity of intellectual disability. The probability of a mild ID increases with the reducing final score less than two, the probability of a severe ID increases with the increasing final score more than three. This prognostic index allows to define, precociously in the life of a baby, the probability of a better or worse intellectual outcome in CdLS patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Ventilation tube insertion is not effective to the treatment of hearing impairment in pediatric patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol 2016; 37:231-5. [PMID: 27178514 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multiple developmental disorder including hearing loss. The hearing impairment in CdLS patients is not only sensorineural but also conductive hearing loss (CHL). The aim of this study was to elucidate hearing loss causes in CdLS patients and evaluate the effect of ventilation tube (v-tube) insertion in the cases of CHL. METHODS Thirty-two patients clinically diagnosed with CdLS were enrolled and analyzed with retrospective case review. Audiologic evaluations and imaging studies such as a temporal bone computed tomogram or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for all patients. Hearing rehabilitation such as ventilation tube insertion, hearing aid fitting, or cochlear implantation was chosen depending on the audiological condition. RESULTS Among 32 CdLS patients who underwent auditory brainstem response test, 81.2% presented hearing loss. Imaging studies showed that only middle ear lesions without inner ear anomalies were identified in 56.3%. Notably, the soft tissue lesion in middle ear was identified even in the neonatal MRI. When 7 patients were thought to have CHL due to otitis media with effusion, v-tube insertion was applied first. However, v-tube insertion rarely improved CHL postoperatively. Moreover, middle ear lesion was not fluid effusion but soft tissue lesion according to the intraoperative finding. These lesions were not eradicated even after revision surgery of v-tube insertion. CONCLUSION V-tube insertion is not effective to improve hearing or eradicate otitis media with effusion in CdLS patients.
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Jansen S, Kleefstra T, Willemsen MH, de Vries P, Pfundt R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Gilissen C, Veltman JA, de Vries BBA, Vissers LELM. De novo loss-of-function mutations in X-linked SMC1A cause severe ID and therapy-resistant epilepsy in females: expanding the phenotypic spectrum. Clin Genet 2016; 90:413-419. [PMID: 26752331 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
De novo missense mutations and in-frame coding deletions in the X-linked gene SMC1A (structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A), encoding part of the cohesin complex, are known to cause Cornelia de Lange syndrome in both males and females. For a long time, loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in SMC1A were considered incompatible with life, as such mutations had not been reported in neither male nor female patients. However, recently, the authors and others reported LoF mutations in females with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy. Here we present the detailed phenotype of two females with de novo LoF mutations in SMC1A, including a de novo mutation of single base deletion [c.2364del, p.(Asn788Lysfs*10)], predicted to result in a frameshift, and a de novo deletion of exon 16, resulting in an out-of-frame mRNA splice product [p.(Leu808Argfs*6)]. By combining our patients with the other recently reported females carrying SMC1A LoF mutations, we ascertained a phenotypic spectrum of (severe) ID, therapy-resistant epilepsy, absence/delay of speech, hypotonia and small hands and feet. Our data show the existence of a novel phenotypic entity - distinct from CdLS - and caused by de novo SMC1A LoF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Y Hehir-Kwa
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - L E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Intronic NIPBL Mutations in Two Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8742939. [PMID: 26925417 PMCID: PMC4746300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8742939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder with a high phenotypic variability including mental retardation, developmental delay, and limb malformations. The genetic causes in about 30% of patients with CdLS are still unknown. We report on the functional characterization of two intronic NIPBL mutations in two patients with CdLS that do not affect a conserved splice-donor or acceptor site. Interestingly, mRNA analyses showed aberrantly spliced transcripts missing exon 28 or 37, suggesting the loss of the branch site by the c.5329-15A>G transition and a disruption of the polypyrimidine by the c.6344del(-13)_(-8) deletion. While the loss of exon 28 retains the reading frame of the NIBPL transcript resulting in a shortened protein, the loss of exon 37 shifts the reading frame with the consequence of a premature stop of translation. Subsequent quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated a 30% decrease of the total NIPBL mRNA levels associated with the frameshift transcript. Consistent with our results, this patient shows a more severe phenotype compared to the patient with the aberrant transcript that retains its reading frame. Thus, intronic variants identified by sequencing analysis in CdLS diagnostics should carefully be examined before excluding them as nonrelevant to disease.
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Lebrun N, Lebon S, Jeannet PY, Jacquemont S, Billuart P, Bienvenu T. Early-onset encephalopathy with epilepsy associated with a novel splice site mutation in SMC1A. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3076-81. [PMID: 26358754 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of a female patient with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, who was found to carry a de novo novel splice site mutation in SMC1A. This girl shared some morphologic and anthropometric traits described in patients with clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and with SMC1A mutation but also has severe encephalopathy with early-onset epilepsy. In addition, she had midline hand stereotypies and scoliosis leading to the misdiagnosis of a Rett overlap syndrome. Molecular studies found a novel de novo splice site mutation (c.1911 + 1G > T) in SMC1A. This novel splice mutation was associated with an aberrantly processed mRNA that included intron 11 of the gene. Moreover, quantitative approach by RT-PCR showed a severe reduction of the SMC1A transcript suggesting that this aberrant transcript may be unstable and degraded. Taken together, our data suggest that the phenotype may be due to a loss-of-function of SMC1A in this patient. Our findings suggest that loss-of-function mutations of SMC1A may be associated with early-onset encephalopathy with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lebrun
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lebon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Jeannet
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Cnrs, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Universitaire Paris Centre, Site Cochin, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
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Gil-Rodríguez MC, Deardorff MA, Ansari M, Tan CA, Parenti I, Baquero-Montoya C, Ousager LB, Puisac B, Hernández-Marcos M, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Marcos-Alcalde I, Wesselink JJ, Lusa-Bernal S, Bijlsma EK, Braunholz D, Bueno-Martinez I, Clark D, Cooper NS, Curry CJ, Fisher R, Fryer A, Ganesh J, Gervasini C, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hopkin RJ, Kaur M, Keating BJ, Kibaek M, Kinning E, Kleefstra T, Kline AD, Kuchinskaya E, Larizza L, Li YR, Liu X, Mariani M, Picker JD, Pié Á, Pozojevic J, Queralt E, Richer J, Roeder E, Sinha A, Scott RH, So J, Wusik KA, Wilson L, Zhang J, Gómez-Puertas P, Casale CH, Ström L, Selicorni A, Ramos FJ, Jackson LG, Krantz ID, Das S, Hennekam RCM, Kaiser FJ, FitzPatrick DR, Pié J. De novo heterozygous mutations in SMC3 cause a range of Cornelia de Lange syndrome-overlapping phenotypes. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:454-62. [PMID: 25655089 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is characterized by facial dysmorphism, growth failure, intellectual disability, limb malformations, and multiple organ involvement. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), account for at least 70% of patients with CdLS or CdLS-like phenotypes. To date, only the clinical features from a single CdLS patient with SMC3 mutation has been published. Here, we report the efforts of an international research and clinical collaboration to provide clinical comparison of 16 patients with CdLS-like features caused by mutations in SMC3. Modeling of the mutation effects on protein structure suggests a dominant-negative effect on the multimeric cohesin complex. When compared with typical CdLS, many SMC3-associated phenotypes are also characterized by postnatal microcephaly but with a less distinctive craniofacial appearance, a milder prenatal growth retardation that worsens in childhood, few congenital heart defects, and an absence of limb deficiencies. While most mutations are unique, two unrelated affected individuals shared the same mutation but presented with different phenotypes. This work confirms that de novo SMC3 mutations account for ∼ 1%-2% of CdLS-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Gil-Rodríguez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology-Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV and ISS-Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
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Yuan B, Pehlivan D, Karaca E, Patel N, Charng WL, Gambin T, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Sutton VR, Yesil G, Bozdogan ST, Tos T, Koparir A, Koparir E, Beck CR, Gu S, Aslan H, Yuregir OO, Al Rubeaan K, Alnaqeb D, Alshammari MJ, Bayram Y, Atik MM, Aydin H, Geckinli BB, Seven M, Ulucan H, Fenercioglu E, Ozen M, Jhangiani S, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle E, Tuysuz B, Alkuraya FS, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR. Global transcriptional disturbances underlie Cornelia de Lange syndrome and related phenotypes. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:636-51. [PMID: 25574841 DOI: 10.1172/jci77435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that presents with extensive phenotypic variability, including facial dysmorphism, developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), abnormal extremities, and hirsutism. About 65% of patients harbor mutations in genes that encode subunits or regulators of the cohesin complex, including NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WDSTS), which shares CdLS phenotypic features, is caused by mutations in lysine-specific methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A). Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 2 male siblings clinically diagnosed with WDSTS; this revealed a hemizygous, missense mutation in SMC1A that was predicted to be deleterious. Extensive clinical evaluation and WES of 32 Turkish patients clinically diagnosed with CdLS revealed the presence of a de novo heterozygous nonsense KMT2A mutation in 1 patient without characteristic WDSTS features. We also identified de novo heterozygous mutations in SMC3 or SMC1A that affected RNA splicing in 2 independent patients with combined CdLS and WDSTS features. Furthermore, in families from 2 separate world populations segregating an autosomal-recessive disorder with CdLS-like features, we identified homozygous mutations in TAF6, which encodes a core transcriptional regulatory pathway component. Together, our data, along with recent transcriptome studies, suggest that CdLS and related phenotypes may be "transcriptomopathies" rather than cohesinopathies.
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Mei L, Liang D, Huang Y, Pan Q, Wu L. Two novel NIPBL gene mutations in Chinese patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Gene 2015; 555:476-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu B, Sowa N, Cardenas ME, Gerton JL. L-leucine partially rescues translational and developmental defects associated with zebrafish models of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1540-55. [PMID: 25378554 PMCID: PMC4351377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesinopathies are human genetic disorders that include Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Roberts syndrome (RBS) and are characterized by defects in limb and craniofacial development as well as mental retardation. The developmental phenotypes of CdLS and other cohesinopathies suggest that mutations in the structure and regulation of the cohesin complex during embryogenesis interfere with gene regulation. In a previous project, we showed that RBS was associated with highly fragmented nucleoli and defects in both ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. l-leucine stimulation of the mTOR pathway partially rescued translation in human RBS cells and development in zebrafish models of RBS. In this study, we investigate protein translation in zebrafish models of CdLS. Our results show that phosphorylation of RPS6 as well as 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) was reduced in nipbla/b, rad21 and smc3-morphant embryos, a pattern indicating reduced translation. Moreover, protein biosynthesis and rRNA production were decreased in the cohesin morphant embryo cells. l-leucine partly rescued protein synthesis and rRNA production in the cohesin morphants and partially restored phosphorylation of RPS6 and 4EBP1. Concomitantly, l-leucine treatment partially improved cohesinopathy embryo development including the formation of craniofacial cartilage. Interestingly, we observed that alpha-ketoisocaproate (α-KIC), which is a keto derivative of leucine, also partially rescued the development of rad21 and nipbla/b morphants by boosting mTOR-dependent translation. In summary, our results suggest that cohesinopathies are caused in part by defective protein synthesis, and stimulation of the mTOR pathway through l-leucine or its metabolite α-KIC can partially rescue development in zebrafish models for CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Xu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nenja Sowa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, Medical Faculty, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria E Cardenas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA,
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Pavlidis E, Cantalupo G, Bianchi S, Piccolo B, Pisani F. Epileptic features in Cornelia de Lange syndrome: case report and literature review. Brain Dev 2014; 36:837-43. [PMID: 24461912 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disease, caused by mutations in three known different genes: NIBPL (crom 5p), SMC1A (crom X) and SMC3 (crom 10q), that account for about 65% of cases. This syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, psychomotor delay, growth retardation since the prenatal period (second trimester of pregnancy), hands and feet abnormalities, and involvement of other organs/systems. SMC1A and SMC3 mutations are responsible for a mild phenotype of the syndrome. METHODS We report the electroclinical features of epilepsy in a child with a mild Cornelia de Lange syndrome and furthermore we reviewed the descriptions of the epileptic findings available in the literature in patients with such syndrome. RESULTS A large heterogeneity of the epileptic findings in the literature is reported. CONCLUSION The presence of epilepsy could be related to pathophysiological factors independent of those implicated in the characterization of main classical phenotypic features. A more detailed description of the epileptic findings could help clinicians in the diagnosis of this syndrome in those cases lacking of the typical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pavlidis
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Cantalupo
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Bianchi
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Benedetta Piccolo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Boyle M, Jespersgaard C, Brøndum-Nielsen K, Bisgaard AM, Tümer Z. Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Clin Genet 2014; 88:1-12. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.I. Boyle
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Glostrup Denmark
| | - C. Jespersgaard
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Glostrup Denmark
| | - K. Brøndum-Nielsen
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Glostrup Denmark
| | - A.-M. Bisgaard
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Z. Tümer
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Glostrup Denmark
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Ansari M, Poke G, Ferry Q, Williamson K, Aldridge R, Meynert AM, Bengani H, Chan CY, Kayserili H, Avci S, Hennekam RCM, Lampe AK, Redeker E, Homfray T, Ross A, Falkenberg Smeland M, Mansour S, Parker MJ, Cook JA, Splitt M, Fisher RB, Fryer A, Magee AC, Wilkie A, Barnicoat A, Brady AF, Cooper NS, Mercer C, Deshpande C, Bennett CP, Pilz DT, Ruddy D, Cilliers D, Johnson DS, Josifova D, Rosser E, Thompson EM, Wakeling E, Kinning E, Stewart F, Flinter F, Girisha KM, Cox H, Firth HV, Kingston H, Wee JS, Hurst JA, Clayton-Smith J, Tolmie J, Vogt J, Tatton-Brown K, Chandler K, Prescott K, Wilson L, Behnam M, McEntagart M, Davidson R, Lynch SA, Sisodiya S, Mehta SG, McKee SA, Mohammed S, Holden S, Park SM, Holder SE, Harrison V, McConnell V, Lam WK, Green AJ, Donnai D, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Donnelly DE, Nellåker C, Taylor MS, FitzPatrick DR. Genetic heterogeneity in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and CdLS-like phenotypes with observed and predicted levels of mosaicism. J Med Genet 2014; 51:659-68. [PMID: 25125236 PMCID: PMC4173748 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder with distinctive facial appearance, intellectual disability and growth failure as prominent features. Most individuals with typical CdLS have de novo heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NIPBL with mosaic individuals representing a significant proportion. Mutations in other cohesin components, SMC1A, SMC3, HDAC8 and RAD21 cause less typical CdLS. METHODS We screened 163 affected individuals for coding region mutations in the known genes, 90 for genomic rearrangements, 19 for deep intronic variants in NIPBL and 5 had whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS Pathogenic mutations [including mosaic changes] were identified in: NIPBL 46 [3] (28.2%); SMC1A 5 [1] (3.1%); SMC3 5 [1] (3.1%); HDAC8 6 [0] (3.6%) and RAD21 1 [0] (0.6%). One individual had a de novo 1.3 Mb deletion of 1p36.3. Another had a 520 kb duplication of 12q13.13 encompassing ESPL1, encoding separase, an enzyme that cleaves the cohesin ring. Three de novo mutations were identified in ANKRD11 demonstrating a phenotypic overlap with KBG syndrome. To estimate the number of undetected mosaic cases we used recursive partitioning to identify discriminating features in the NIPBL-positive subgroup. Filtering of the mutation-negative group on these features classified at least 18% as 'NIPBL-like'. A computer composition of the average face of this NIPBL-like subgroup was also more typical in appearance than that of all others in the mutation-negative group supporting the existence of undetected mosaic cases. CONCLUSIONS Future diagnostic testing in 'mutation-negative' CdLS thus merits deeper sequencing of multiple DNA samples derived from different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Ansari
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gemma Poke
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Quentin Ferry
- Visual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathleen Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roland Aldridge
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison M Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hemant Bengani
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cheng Yee Chan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahin Avci
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne K Lampe
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Homfray
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alison Ross
- North of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Centre, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Sahar Mansour
- Medical Genetics Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Miranda Splitt
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard B Fisher
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan Fryer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Alder Hay Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alex C Magee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew Wilkie
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Nicola S Cooper
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | - Catherine Mercer
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Daniela T Pilz
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah Ruddy
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Churchill Hospital Old Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana S Johnson
- Sheffield Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Thompson
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Esther Kinning
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Helen Cox
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Kingston
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S Wee
- Department of Dermatology, Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - John Tolmie
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, West Midlands, UK
| | | | - Kate Chandler
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Wilson
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Medical Genetics Laboratory of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rosemarie Davidson
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sally-Ann Lynch
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sanjay Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sarju G Mehta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shane A McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Department of Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Holden
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge University Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Holder
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Kennedy-Galton Centre, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, Harrow, UK
| | - Victoria Harrison
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Vivienne McConnell
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Wayne K Lam
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Green
- National Centre for Medical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin 12, Ireland School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dian Donnai
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- Clinical Genetics Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deirdre E Donnelly
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service (NIRGS), Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Christoffer Nellåker
- Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin S Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Functional characterization of NIPBL physiological splice variants and eight splicing mutations in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10350-64. [PMID: 24918291 PMCID: PMC4100155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital developmental disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, growth retardation, cognitive impairment, limb defects, hirsutism, and multisystem involvement. Mutations in five genes encoding structural components (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) or functionally associated factors (NIPBL, HDAC8) of the cohesin complex have been found in patients with CdLS. In about 60% of the patients, mutations in NIPBL could be identified. Interestingly, 17% of them are predicted to change normal splicing, however, detailed molecular investigations are often missing. Here, we report the first systematic study of the physiological splicing of the NIPBL gene, that would reveal the identification of four new splicing isoforms ΔE10, ΔE12, ΔE33,34, and B’. Furthermore, we have investigated nine mutations affecting splice-sites in the NIPBL gene identified in twelve CdLS patients. All mutations have been examined on the DNA and RNA level, as well as by in silico analyses. Although patients with mutations affecting NIPBL splicing show a broad clinical variability, the more severe phenotypes seem to be associated with aberrant transcripts resulting in a shift of the reading frame.
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Baquero-Montoya C, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Hernández-Marcos M, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Vicente-Gabas A, Bernal ML, Casale CH, Bueno-Lozano G, Bueno-Martínez I, Queralt E, Villa O, Hernando-Davalillo C, Armengol L, Gómez-Puertas P, Puisac B, Selicorni A, Ramos FJ, Pié J. Severe ipsilateral musculoskeletal involvement in a Cornelia de Lange patient with a novel NIPBL mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:503-9. [PMID: 24874887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital autosomal dominant (NIPBL, SMC3 and RAD21) or X-linked (SMC1A and HDAC8) disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, pre and postnatal growth retardation, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, and multiorgan involvement. Musculoskeletal malformations are usually bilateral and affect mainly the upper limbs; the range goes from brachyclinodactyly to severe reduction defects. Instead lower extremities are usually less and mildly involved. Here, we report on a 3-year-old Senegalese boy with typical craniofacial CdLS features, pre and postnatal growth retardation, atrial septal defect, developmental delay and right ipsilateral limb malformations, consistent with oligodactyly of the 3rd and 4th fingers, tibial agenesis and fibula hypoplasia. Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing showed a novel missense mutation in NIPBL gene (c.6647A>G; p.(Tyr2216Cys)), which affects a conserved residue located within NIPBL HEAT repeat elements. Pyrosequencing analysis of NIPBL gene, disclosed similar levels of wild-type and mutated alleles in DNA and RNA samples from all tissues analyzed (oral mucosa epithelial cells, peripheral blood leukocytes and fibroblasts). These findings indicated the absence of somatic mosaicism, despite of the segmental asymmetry of the limbs, and confirmed biallelic expression for NIPBL transcripts, respectively. Additionally, conditions like Split-hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency secondary to duplication of BHLHA9 gene have been ruled out by the array-CGH and MLPA analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first CdLS patient described with major ipsilateral malformations of both the upper and lower extremities, that even though this finding could be due to a random event, expands the spectrum of limb reduction defects in CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baquero-Montoya
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María-Concepción Gil-Rodríguez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Marcos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Teresa-Rodrigo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alicia Vicente-Gabas
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Bernal
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cesar-Horacio Casale
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences School, National University of Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Inés Bueno-Martínez
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olaya Villa
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Armengol
- Quantitative Genomic Medicine Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulino Gómez-Puertas
- Molecular Modelling Group, Center of Molecular Biology ''Severo Ochoa'' (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology- Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
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Baquero-Montoya C, Gil-Rodríguez MC, Teresa-Rodrigo ME, Hernández-Marcos M, Bueno-Lozano G, Bueno-Martínez I, Remeseiro S, Fernández-Hernández R, Bassecourt-Serra M, Rodríguez de Alba M, Queralt E, Losada A, Puisac B, Ramos FJ, Pié J. Could a patient with SMC1A duplication be classified as a human cohesinopathy? Clin Genet 2014; 85:446-51. [PMID: 23683030 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding subunits and accessory proteins of cohesin complex are collectively termed as cohesinopathies. The best known cohesinopathy is Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), which is a multisystem developmental disorder characterized by facial dysmorphism, limb malformations, growth and cognitive impairment. Mutations in five genes, encoding subunits of the cohesin complex (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) and its regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8), are responsible for ∼ 70% of CdLS cases. We describe a 16-year-old boy with facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, intellectual disability, hirsutism and small hands, who has a small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome (sSMC) present in mosaic form. sSMC is composed of two duplicated segments encompassing 17 genes including SMC1A gene, at the regions Xp11.22 and Xp11.21q11.1. Clinical comparison between our patient with a previously reported individual with a SMC1A duplication and four male carriers of similar sSMC reported in databases, suggest that they all share clinical features related to cohesinopathies. Although our patient does not have the classical CdLS craniofacial phenotype, he has pre and postnatal growth retardation, intellectual disability and mild musculoskeletal anomalies, features commonly seen in patients with cohesinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baquero-Montoya
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Departments of Pharmacology-Physiology and Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
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Parenti I, Rovina D, Masciadri M, Cereda A, Azzollini J, Picinelli C, Limongelli G, Finelli P, Selicorni A, Russo S, Gervasini C, Larizza L. Overall and allele-specific expression of the SMC1A gene in female Cornelia de Lange syndrome patients and healthy controls. Epigenetics 2014; 9:973-9. [PMID: 24756084 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, limb anomalies, and growth and cognitive deficits. Mutations in genes encoding subunits (SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21) or regulators (NIPBL, HDAC8) of the cohesin complex account for approximately 65% of clinically diagnosed CdLS cases. The SMC1A gene (Xp11.22), responsible for 5% of CdLS cases, partially escapes X chromosome inactivation in humans and the allele on the inactive X chromosome is variably expressed. In this study, we evaluated overall and allele-specific SMC1A expression. Real-time PCR analysis conducted on 17 controls showed that SMC1A expression in females is 50% higher than in males. Immunoblotting experiments confirmed a 44% higher protein level in healthy females than in males, and showed no significant differences in SMC1A protein levels between controls and patients. Pyrosequencing was used to assess the reciprocal level of allelic expression in six female carriers of different SMC1A mutations and 15 controls who were heterozygous at a polymorphic transcribed SMC1A locus. The two alleles were expressed at a 1:1 ratio in the control group and at a 2:1 ratio in favor of the wild type allele in the test group. Since a dominant negative effect is considered the pathogenic mechanism in SMC1A-defective female patients, the level of allelic preferential expression might be one of the factors contributing to the wide phenotypic variability observed in these patients. An extension of this study to a larger cohort containing mild to borderline cases could enhance our understanding of the clinical spectrum of SMC1A-linked CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Parenti
- Medical Genetics; Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Medical Genetics; Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Masciadri
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics; Università Milano Bicocca; Fondazione MBBM; Monza, Italy
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Medical Genetics; Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Cardiology; Monaldi Hospital; Second University of Naples; Naples, Italy
| | - Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Pediatrics; Università Milano Bicocca; Fondazione MBBM; Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Medical Genetics; Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Larizza
- Medical Genetics; Department of Health Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics; IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; Milan, Italy
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Kaiser FJ, Ansari M, Braunholz D, Concepción Gil-Rodríguez M, Decroos C, Wilde JJ, Fincher CT, Kaur M, Bando M, Amor DJ, Atwal PS, Bahlo M, Bowman CM, Bradley JJ, Brunner HG, Clark D, Del Campo M, Di Donato N, Diakumis P, Dubbs H, Dyment DA, Eckhold J, Ernst S, Ferreira JC, Francey LJ, Gehlken U, Guillén-Navarro E, Gyftodimou Y, Hall BD, Hennekam R, Hudgins L, Hullings M, Hunter JM, Yntema H, Innes AM, Kline AD, Krumina Z, Lee H, Leppig K, Lynch SA, Mallozzi MB, Mannini L, McKee S, Mehta SG, Micule I, Mohammed S, Moran E, Mortier GR, Moser JAS, Noon SE, Nozaki N, Nunes L, Pappas JG, Penney LS, Pérez-Aytés A, Petersen MB, Puisac B, Revencu N, Roeder E, Saitta S, Scheuerle AE, Schindeler KL, Siu VM, Stark Z, Strom SP, Thiese H, Vater I, Willems P, Williamson K, Wilson LC, Hakonarson H, Quintero-Rivera F, Wierzba J, Musio A, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Ramos FJ, Jackson LG, Shirahige K, Pié J, Christianson DW, Krantz ID, Fitzpatrick DR, Deardorff MA. Loss-of-function HDAC8 mutations cause a phenotypic spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome-like features, ocular hypertelorism, large fontanelle and X-linked inheritance. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2888-900. [PMID: 24403048 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder with distinct facies, growth failure, intellectual disability, distal limb anomalies, gastrointestinal and neurological disease. Mutations in NIPBL, encoding a cohesin regulatory protein, account for >80% of cases with typical facies. Mutations in the core cohesin complex proteins, encoded by the SMC1A, SMC3 and RAD21 genes, together account for ∼5% of subjects, often with atypical CdLS features. Recently, we identified mutations in the X-linked gene HDAC8 as the cause of a small number of CdLS cases. Here, we report a cohort of 38 individuals with an emerging spectrum of features caused by HDAC8 mutations. For several individuals, the diagnosis of CdLS was not considered prior to genomic testing. Most mutations identified are missense and de novo. Many cases are heterozygous females, each with marked skewing of X-inactivation in peripheral blood DNA. We also identified eight hemizygous males who are more severely affected. The craniofacial appearance caused by HDAC8 mutations overlaps that of typical CdLS but often displays delayed anterior fontanelle closure, ocular hypertelorism, hooding of the eyelids, a broader nose and dental anomalies, which may be useful discriminating features. HDAC8 encodes the lysine deacetylase for the cohesin subunit SMC3 and analysis of the functional consequences of the missense mutations indicates that all cause a loss of enzymatic function. These data demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations in HDAC8 cause a range of overlapping human developmental phenotypes, including a phenotypically distinct subgroup of CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kaiser
- Sektion für Funktionelle Genetik am Institut für Humangenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck 23538, Germany
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Mannini L, Cucco F, Quarantotti V, Krantz ID, Musio A. Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1589-96. [PMID: 24038889 PMCID: PMC3880228 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous developmental disorder. Clinical features include growth retardation, intellectual disability, limb defects, typical facial dysmorphism, and other systemic involvement. The increased understanding of the genetic basis of CdLS has led to diagnostic improvement and expansion of the phenotype. Mutations in five genes (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8), all regulators or structural components of cohesin, have been identified. Approximately 60% of CdLS cases are due to NIPBL mutations, 5% caused by mutations in SMC1A, RAD21, and HDAC8 and one proband was found to carry a mutation in SMC3. To date, 311 CdLS-causing mutations are known including missense, nonsense, small deletions and insertions, splice site mutations, and genomic rearrangements. Phenotypic variability is seen both intra- and intergenically. This article reviews the spectrum of CdLS mutations with a particular emphasis on their correlation to the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mannini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Quarantotti
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
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48
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Enervald E, Du L, Visnes T, Björkman A, Lindgren E, Wincent J, Borck G, Colleaux L, Cormier-Daire V, van Gent DC, Pie J, Puisac B, de Miranda NFCC, Kracker S, Hammarström L, de Villartay JP, Durandy A, Schoumans J, Ström L, Pan-Hammarström Q. A regulatory role for the cohesin loader NIPBL in nonhomologous end joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. J Exp Med 2013; 210:2503-13. [PMID: 24145515 PMCID: PMC3832922 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20130168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are mainly repaired via homologous recombination (HR) or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). These breaks pose severe threats to genome integrity but can also be necessary intermediates of normal cellular processes such as immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). During CSR, DSBs are produced in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and are repaired by the classical NHEJ machinery. By studying B lymphocytes derived from patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome, we observed a strong correlation between heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the cohesin loading protein NIPBL and a shift toward the use of an alternative, microhomology-based end joining during CSR. Furthermore, the early recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs was reduced in the NIPBL-deficient patient cells. Association of NIPBL deficiency and impaired NHEJ was also observed in a plasmid-based end-joining assay and a yeast model system. Our results suggest that NIPBL plays an important and evolutionarily conserved role in NHEJ, in addition to its canonical function in sister chromatid cohesion and its recently suggested function in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Enervald
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Likun Du
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Björkman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindgren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josephine Wincent
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guntram Borck
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurence Colleaux
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U781, Hospital Necker, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Dik C. van Gent
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and functional Genomics, Medical Faculty, Zaragosa University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and functional Genomics, Medical Faculty, Zaragosa University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Noel FCC de Miranda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Kracker
- National Institutes of Health and Medical Research INSERM U768, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades and Medical Faculty, Descartes-Sorbone Paris Cité University of Paris, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médicine René Descartes, Site Necker, Institut Fédératif de Recherche, F-71015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Durandy
- National Institutes of Health and Medical Research INSERM U768, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades and Medical Faculty, Descartes-Sorbone Paris Cité University of Paris, 75743 Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Schoumans
- Department of Medical Genetics Cancer Cytogenetic Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lena Ström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Nolen LD, Boyle S, Ansari M, Pritchard E, Bickmore WA. Regional chromatin decompaction in Cornelia de Lange syndrome associated with NIPBL disruption can be uncoupled from cohesin and CTCF. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4180-93. [PMID: 23760082 PMCID: PMC3781641 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a developmental disorder caused by mutations in NIPBL, a protein which has functionally been associated with the cohesin complex. Mutations in core cohesin complex components have also been reported in individuals with CdLS-like phenotypes. In addition to its role in sister chromatid cohesion, cohesin is thought to play a role in regulating gene expression during development. The mechanism of this gene regulation remains unclear, but NIPBL and cohesin have been reported to affect long-range chromosomal interactions, both independently and through interactions with CTCF. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization to investigate whether the disruption of NIPBL affects chromosome architecture. We show that cells from CdLS patients exhibit visible chromatin decompaction, that is most pronounced across gene-rich regions of the genome. Cells carrying mutations predicted to have a more severe effect on NIPBL function show more extensive chromatin decompaction than those carrying milder mutations. This cellular phenotype was reproduced in normal cells depleted for NIPBL with siRNA, but was not seen following the knockdown of either the cohesin component SMC3, or CTCF. We conclude that NIPBL has a function in modulating chromatin architecture, particularly for gene-rich areas of the chromosome, that is not dependent on SMC3/cohesin or CTCF, raising the possibility that the aetiology of disorders associated with the mutation of core cohesin components is distinct from that associated with the disruption of NIPBL itself in classical CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wendy A. Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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50
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Gervasini C, Russo S, Cereda A, Parenti I, Masciadri M, Azzollini J, Melis D, Aravena T, Doray B, Ferrarini A, Garavelli L, Selicorni A, Larizza L. Cornelia de Lange individuals with new and recurrent SMC1A mutations enhance delineation of mutation repertoire and phenotypic spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2909-19. [PMID: 24124034 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of eight patients, one male and seven females, with clinical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), who were found to carry distinct mutations of the SMC1A gene. Five of the eight mutations are novel, with two involving amino acid residues previously described as altered in a different way. The other three have been reported each in a single case. Comparison of pairs of individuals with the same mutation indicates only partial overlap of their clinical phenotypes. The following novel missense mutations, all affecting highly conserved amino acid residues, were found: p.R398G in the N-terminal coiled-coil domain, p.V651M in the C-terminal coiled-coil/hinge junction, p.R693G in the C-terminal coiled-coil, and p.N1166T and p.L1189F in the C-terminal ABC cassette. The latter is localized in the H-loop, and represents the first mutation involving a functional motif of SMC1A protein. The effect of the mutations on SMC1A protein function has been predicted using four bioinformatic tools. All mutations except p.V651M were scored as pathogenic by three or four of the tools. p.V651M was found in the only male individual of our cohort, who presented with the most severe phenotype. This raises the issue of gender effect when addressing mutation-phenotype correlation for genes such as SMC1A, which incompletely escapes X-inactivation. Our clinical and molecular findings expand the total number of characterized SMC1A-mutated patients (from 44 to 52) and the restricted repertoire of SMC1A mutations (from 29 to 34), contributing to the molecular and clinical signature of SMC1A-based CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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