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Pellicano GR, Carola V, Bussone S, Cecchini M, Tambelli R, Lai C. Beyond the dyad: the role of mother and father in newborns' global DNA methylation during the first month of life-a pilot study. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1345-1357. [PMID: 33350469 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to longitudinally explore the effects of parental prenatal attachment and psychopathological symptomatology on neonatal global DNA methylation (5-mC) variation between birth and the first month of life. Eighteen mothers and thirteen fathers were assessed before childbirth (t0) by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Prenatal-Attachment Inventory, and Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale; 48 hr after childbirth (t1) by SCL-90-R; and one month after childbirth (t2) by PSS. At t1 and t2, buccal swabs from parents and newborns were collected. In newborns' 5-mC and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DAT, MAOA, BDNF, and 5-HTTLPR genes were detected, while in parents only SNPs were measured. At t1, newborns' 5-mC was negatively associated with maternal psychopathological symptoms, while at t2, newborns' 5-mC was positively associated with paternal psychopathological symptoms and negatively with paternal prenatal attachment. The variation of newborns' 5-mC from t1 to t2 was predicted by paternal psychopathological symptoms. No significant correlations among parental SNPs and 5-mC levels were found. Results highlight parent-specific influences on newborn's DNA methylation. At birth, maternal psychological symptoms seem to have an effect on newborns' 5-mC, while after one month of life, paternal psychological characteristics could have a specific role in modulating the newborns' epigenetic responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Romana Pellicano
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Children's DAT1 Polymorphism Moderates the Relationship Between Parents' Psychological Profiles, Children's DAT Methylation, and Their Emotional/Behavioral Functioning in a Normative Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142567. [PMID: 31323798 PMCID: PMC6678924 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parental psychopathological risk is considered as one of the most crucial features associated with epigenetic modifications in offspring, which in turn are thought to be related to their emotional/behavioral profiles. The dopamine active transporter (DAT) gene is suggested to play a significant role in affective/behavioral regulation. On the basis of the previous literature, we aimed at verifying whether children’s DAT1 polymorphisms moderated the relationship between parents’ psychological profiles, children’s emotional/behavioral functioning, and DAT1 methylation in a normative sample of 79 families with school-age children (Ntot = 237). Children’s biological samples were collected through buccal swabs, while Symptom Check-List-90 item Revised, Adult Self Report, and Child Behavior Check-List/6–18 was administered to assess parental and children’s psychological functioning. We found that higher maternal externalizing problems predicted the following: higher levels of children’s DAT1 methylation at M1, but only among children with 10/10 genotype; higher levels of methylation at M2 among children with 10/10 genotype; while lower levels for children with a 9-repeat allele. There was also a positive relationship between fathers’ externalizing problems and children’s externalizing problems, only for children with a 9-repeat allele. Our findings support emerging evidence of the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors in shaping children’ emotional/behavioral functioning, contributing to the knowledge of risk variables for a child’s development and psychological well-being.
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Johnston OG, Burke JD. Parental Problem Recognition and Help-Seeking for Disruptive Behavior Disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2019; 47:146-163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-09648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Mogavero F, Jager A, Glennon JC. Clock genes, ADHD and aggression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 91:51-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Janssens A, Van Den Noortgate W, Goossens L, Colpin H, Verschueren K, Claes S, Van Leeuwen K. Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Parenting Interacting With DAT1 and DRD4 Genes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:278-297. [PMID: 28876518 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study extends previous gene-by-environment (G × E) research through design and methodological advances and examines alternative hypotheses of diathesis stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility. In a sample of 984 adolescents and their parents, we examined whether effects of parental support, proactive, punitive, harsh punitive, and psychological control on externalizing problem behavior are moderated by adolescents' genotype for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) or receptor D4 (DRD4) gene. Results provided evidence for main effects of parenting behavior and DRD4, and multiple interaction effects of which one survived Bonferroni correction. Adolescents carrying a long DRD4 variant were more susceptible to the effects of parental proactive control on aggression, for better and for worse. Critical considerations were made regarding the complexity of G × E research.
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Ding K, Yang J, Reynolds GP, Chen B, Shao J, Liu R, Qian Q, Liu H, Yang R, Wen J, Kang C. DAT1 methylation is associated with methylphenidate response on oppositional and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:291-299. [PMID: 27676100 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of the DNA methylation of DAT1 and DRD4 gene with methylphenidate (MPH) response in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS One hundred and eleven DSM-IV defined ADHD Chinese Han children were recruited. Inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity and oppositional symptoms were evaluated by the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-IV-parent rating scale (SNAP-IV-P) at baseline and 6 weeks after MPH treatment. DNA methylation of CpG sites in the promoter sequences of DAT1 and DRD4 was examined for association with treatment response. RESULTS Greater improvement on the SNAP-IV-P total score and percentage change from baseline score were both significantly correlated with DAT1 methylation (rho =-0.222, P = .019 and rho = -0.203, P = .032, respectively). A secondary analysis demonstrated that the effect of DAT1 methylation on symptom response was primarily related to the percentage change in oppositional symptoms (rho = -0.242; P = .012), with a smaller significant effect on hyperactivity-impulsivity (rho = -0.192; P = .045). No significant correlation was found between the treatment effect on inattention and DAT1 methylation (rho = -0.101; P = .292). No significant correlation was observed between mean DRD4 methylation and measures of treatment outcome or baseline symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide initial evidence for the involvement of the epigenetic alterations of DAT1 in modulating the response to MPH treatment in ADHD, primarily on oppositional and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijing Ding
- a Department of Psychiatry , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- b Department of Psychiatry , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- c BMRC, Sheffield Hallam University , Howard Street , Sheffield , UK
| | - Bing Chen
- d State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Jingru Shao
- d State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Ruixiang Liu
- a Department of Psychiatry , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- e National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital , Beijing , PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- a Department of Psychiatry , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Runxu Yang
- a Department of Psychiatry , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Jianfan Wen
- d State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Kang
- a Department of Psychiatry , The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , PR China
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Kacprzak V, Patel NA, Riley E, Yu L, Yeh JRJ, Zhdanova IV. Dopaminergic control of anxiety in young and aged zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 157:1-8. [PMID: 28408289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT), or the sensitivity of dopamine receptors, are associated with aging and substance abuse and may underlie some of the symptoms common to both conditions. In this study, we explored the role of the dopaminergic system in the anxiogenic effects of aging and acute cocaine exposure by comparing the behavioral phenotypes of wild type (WT) and DAT knockout zebrafish (DAT-KO) of different ages. To determine the involvement of specific dopamine receptors in anxiety states, antagonists to D1 (SCH23390) and D2/D3 (sulpiride) were employed. We established that DAT-KO results in a chronic anxiety-like state, seen as an increase in bottom-dwelling and thigmotaxis. Similar effects were produced by aging and acute cocaine administration, both leading to reduction in DAT mRNA abundance (qPCR). Inhibition of D1 activity counteracted the anxiety-like effects associated with DAT deficit, independent of its origin. Inhibition of D2/D3 receptors reduced anxiety in young DAT-KO, and enhanced the anxiogenic effects of cocaine in WT, but did not affect aged WT or DAT-KO fish. These findings provide new evidence that the dopaminergic system plays a critical role in anxiety-like states, and suggest that adult zebrafish provide a sensitive diurnal vertebrate model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of anxiety and a platform for anxiolytic drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kacprzak
- Boston University School of Medicine, Lab of Sleep and Circadian Physiology, R-911, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Neil A Patel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Lab of Sleep and Circadian Physiology, R-911, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Riley
- Boston University School of Medicine, Lab of Sleep and Circadian Physiology, R-911, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Lili Yu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Lab of Sleep and Circadian Physiology, R-911, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Jing-Ruey J Yeh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Center, 149 13th St., 4.217, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
| | - Irina V Zhdanova
- Boston University School of Medicine, Lab of Sleep and Circadian Physiology, R-911, 72 E. Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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Cimino S, Cerniglia L, Ballarotto G, Marzilli E, Pascale E, D'Addario C, Adriani W, Tambelli R. DNA Methylation at the DAT Promoter and Risk for Psychopathology: Intergenerational Transmission between School-Age Youths and Their Parents in a Community Sample. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:303. [PMID: 29375406 PMCID: PMC5767582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of gene polymorphisms and promoter methylation, associated with maladaptive developmental outcomes, vary depending on environmental factors (e.g., parental psychopathology). Most studies have focused on 0- to 5-year-old children, adolescents, or adults, whereas there is dearth of research on school-age youths and pre-adolescents. METHODS In a sample of 21 families recruited at schools, we addressed parents' psychopathological symptoms (through SCL-90-R); offspring emotional-behavioral functioning (through CBCL-6-18); dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) for epigenetic status of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and for genotype, i.e., variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism at the 3'-UTR. Possible associations were explored between bio-genetic and psychological characteristics within the same individual and between triplets of children, mothers, and fathers. RESULTS DAT methylation of CpG at positions M1, M6, and M7 in mothers was correlated with maternal (phobic) anxiety, whereas in fathers' position M6 was related to paternal depression, anxiety, hostility, psychoticism, and higher Global Severity Index (GSI). No significant correlations were found between maternal and offspring DAT methylation. Significant correlations were found between fathers' methylation at CpG M1 and children's methylation at CpG M6. Linear regressions showed that mothers and fathers' GSI predicted children's methylation at CpG sites M2, M3, and M6, whereas fathers' GSI predicted children's methylation at CpG sites, particularly M1, M2, and M6. Moreover, offspring methylation of DAT at CpG M2 predicted somatic complaint, internalizing and attention problems; methylation of DAT at CpG M6 predicted withdraw. CONCLUSION This study may have important clinical implication for the prevention and treatment of emotional-behavioral difficulties in children, as it adds to previous knowledge about the role of genetic and environmental factors in predicting psychopathological symptoms within non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Adriani
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy.,Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Oruche UM, Ross SE, Carpenter JS, Renbarger J. Identifying Genetic Variants in Adolescents With Oppositional Defiant Disorders and/or Conduct Disorders: A Brief Report. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2016; 29:154-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney E. Ross
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN
| | - Janet S. Carpenter
- Distinguished Professor and Associate Dean for Research; Indiana University School of Nursing; Indianapolis IN
| | - Jamie Renbarger
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Aggressive behavior in humans: Genes and pathways identified through association studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:676-96. [PMID: 26773414 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior has both genetic and environmental components. Many association studies have been performed to identify genetic factors underlying aggressive behaviors in humans. In this review we summarize the previous work performed in this field, considering both candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), excluding those performed in samples where the primary diagnosis is a psychiatric or neurological disorder other than an aggression-related phenotype. Subsequently, we have studied the enrichment of pathways and functions in GWAS data. The results of our searches show that most CGAS have identified associations with genes involved in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission and in hormone regulation. On the other hand, GWAS have not yet identified genome-wide significant associations, but top nominal findings are related to several signaling pathways, such as axon guidance or estrogen receptor signaling, and also to neurodevelopmental processes and synaptic plasticity. Future studies should use larger samples, homogeneous phenotypes and standardized measurements to identify genes that underlie aggressive behaviors in humans. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
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11
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Victor EC, Hariri AR. A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:471-87. [PMID: 26611719 PMCID: PMC4828296 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (specifically ages 15-24) represent a period of heightened sexual risk taking resulting in the greatest annual rates of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies in the US population. Ongoing efforts to prevent such negative consequences are likely to benefit from a deepening of our understanding of biological mechanisms through which sexual risk taking emerges and biases decision making during this critical window. Here we present a neuroscience framework from which a mechanistic examination of sexual risk taking can be advanced. Specifically, we adapt the neurodevelopmental triadic model, which outlines how motivated behavior is governed by three systems: approach, avoidance, and regulation, to sexual decision making and subsequent risk behavior. We further propose a testable hypothesis of the triadic model, wherein relatively decreased threat-related amygdala reactivity and increased reward-related ventral striatum reactivity leads to sexual risk taking, which is particularly exaggerated during adolescence and young adulthood when there is an overexpression of dopaminergic neurons coupled with immature top-down prefrontal cortex regulation. We conclude by discussing how future research based on our adapted triadic model can inform ongoing efforts to improve intervention and prevention efforts.
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12
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De Laet S, Colpin H, Van Leeuwen K, Van den Noortgate W, Claes S, Janssens A, Goossens L, Verschueren K. Teacher-student relationships and adolescent behavioral engagement and rule-breaking behavior: The moderating role of dopaminergic genes. J Sch Psychol 2016; 56:13-25. [PMID: 27268567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the dopamine transporter DAT1 and the dopamine receptor DRD4 genes moderate the effect of student-reported teacher-student relationship affiliation or dissatisfaction on parent-reported adolescent rule-breaking behavior and behavioral engagement. The sample included 1053 adolescents (51% boys, Mage=13.79) from grades 7 to 9. Regression analyses were conducted using Mplus while controlling for multiple testing and nested data. Adolescents who experienced stronger affiliation with their teachers were more engaged in school, whereas greater dissatisfaction predicted more rule-breaking behavior. In addition, a significant gene-environment interaction was found for both genes examined. The link between low teacher-student affiliation and low engagement was more pronounced for DAT1-10R homozygotes. The link between high teacher-student dissatisfaction and more rule-breaking was stronger for DRD4 non-long carriers. Implications for understanding the role of teacher-student relationships in adolescence and suggestions for future research are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven De Laet
- Research Group for School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCAD), University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Colpin
- Research Group for School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCAD), University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karla Van Leeuwen
- Research Group for Parenting and Special Education, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stephan Claes
- Research Group for Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Janssens
- Research Group for School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCAD), University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Goossens
- Research Group for School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCAD), University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Verschueren
- Research Group for School Psychology and Child and Adolescent Psychology (SCAD), University of Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Veroude K, Zhang-James Y, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Bakker MJ, Cormand B, Faraone SV. Genetics of aggressive behavior: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:3-43. [PMID: 26345359 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) address three types of aggression: frustrative non-reward, defensive aggression and offensive/proactive aggression. This review sought to present the evidence for genetic underpinnings of aggression and to determine to what degree prior studies have examined phenotypes that fit into the RDoC framework. Although the constructs of defensive and offensive aggression have been widely used in the animal genetics literature, the human literature is mostly agnostic with regard to all the RDoC constructs. We know from twin studies that about half the variance in behavior may be explained by genetic risk factors. This is true for both dimensional, trait-like, measures of aggression and categorical definitions of psychopathology. The non-shared environment seems to have a moderate influence with the effects of shared environment being unclear. Human molecular genetic studies of aggression are in an early stage. The most promising candidates are in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems along with hormonal regulators. Genome-wide association studies have not yet achieved genome-wide significance, but current samples are too small to detect variants having the small effects one would expect for a complex disorder. The strongest molecular evidence for a genetic basis for aggression comes from animal models comparing aggressive and non-aggressive strains or documenting the effects of gene knockouts. Although we have learned much from these prior studies, future studies should improve the measurement of aggression by using a systematic method of measurement such as that proposed by the RDoC initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Veroude
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Mireille J Bakker
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Johnson SL, Carver CS, Joormann J, Cuccaro ML. Genetic polymorphisms related to behavioral approach and behavioral inhibition scales. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Gold MS, Badgaiyan RD, Blum K. A Shared Molecular and Genetic Basis for Food and Drug Addiction: Overcoming Hypodopaminergic Trait/State by Incorporating Dopamine Agonistic Therapy in Psychiatry. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2015; 38:419-62. [PMID: 26300032 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the shared molecular and neurogenetics of food and drug addiction tied to the understanding of reward deficiency syndrome. Reward deficiency syndrome describes a hypodopaminergic trait/state that provides a rationale for commonality in approaches for treating long-term reduced dopamine function across the reward brain regions. The identification of the role of DNA polymorphic associations with reward circuitry has resulted in new understanding of all addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, 2300 Windy Ridge Parkway South East, Suite 210S, Atlanta, GA 30339, USA; Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Educational Foundation, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Radiochemistry and Molecular and Functioning Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Community Mental Health Institute, University of Vermont College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Division of Applied Clinical Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, 211 Circuit Drive, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA; Rivermend Health Scientific Advisory Board, Atlanta, GA, USA
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A genetic-demographic approach reveals a gender-specific association of SLC6A3/DAT1 40 bp-VNTR with life-expectancy. Biogerontology 2015; 16:365-73. [PMID: 25617181 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several recent lines of evidence are proving an important role for dopamine in the aging process and in the determination of life span. Components of the dopaminergic system may represent good candidates for longevity studies. Herein, we tested the possible association of the functional SLC6A3/DAT1 40-bp VNTR with life-expectancy in a healthy population of Central Italy (N = 993) by applying a genetic-demographic approach that takes into account the demographic information and different survival rates between sexes for modeling the survival of specific allele carriers in the population. Male carriers of S*/S* genotype showed a lower survival chance across most of the lifespan respect to the survival of DAT1*L-carriers (P = 0.021). The same analyses gave non-significant results in females. Several studies already reported significant sex differences in dopamine metabolism and its related biological pathways. Thus, we can hypothesize that the SLC6A3/DAT1 40 bp-VNTR may affect life expectancy in a sex-specific way. Moreover, it is conceivable that DAT1 S*/S* carriers, who are prone to assume "risk" type behaviors, may be dropped out of the "healthy" population by a sort of "demographic selection".
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Gold MS, Blum K, Oscar-Berman M, Braverman ER. Low dopamine function in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: should genotyping signify early diagnosis in children? Postgrad Med 2014; 126:153-77. [PMID: 24393762 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.01.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is present in 8% to 12% of children, and 4% of adults worldwide. Children with ADHD can have learning impairments, poor selfesteem, social dysfunction, and an increased risk of substance abuse, including cigarette smoking. Overall, the rate of treatment with medication for patients with ADHD has been increasing since 2008, with ≥ 2 million children now being treated with stimulants. The rise of adolescent prescription ADHD medication abuse has occurred along with a concomitant increase of stimulant medication availability. Of adults presenting with a substance use disorder (SUD), 20% to 30% have concurrent ADHD, and 20% to 40% of adults with ADHD have a history of SUD. Following a brief review of the etiology of ADHD, its diagnosis and treatment, we focus on the benefits of early and appropriate testing for a predisposition to ADHD. We suggest that by genotyping patients for a number of known, associated dopaminergic polymorphisms, especially at an early age, misdiagnoses and/or over-diagnosis can be reduced. Ethical and legal issues of early genotyping are considered. As many as 30% of individuals with ADHD are estimated to either have secondary side-effects or are not responsive to stimulant medication. We also consider the benefits of non-stimulant medication and alternative treatment modalities, which include diet, herbal medications, iron supplementation, and neurofeedback. With the goals of improving treatment of patients with ADHD and SUD prevention, we encourage further work in both genetic diagnosis and novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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Gerra G, Somaini L, Leonardi C, Cortese E, Maremmani I, Manfredini M, Donnini C. Association between gene variants and response to buprenorphine maintenance treatment. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:202-7. [PMID: 24274990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A variety of studies were addressed to differentiate responders and non-responders to substitution treatment among heroin dependent patients, without conclusive findings. In particular, preliminary pharmacogenetic findings have been reported to predict treatment effectiveness in mental health and substance use disorders. Aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association of buprenorphine (BUP) treatment outcome with gene variants that may affect kappa-opioid receptors and dopamine system function. One hundred and seven heroin addicts (West European, Caucasians) who underwent buprenorphine maintenance treatment were genotyped and classified into two groups (A and B) on the basis of treatment outcome. Non-responders to buprenorphine (group B) have been identified taking into account early drop out, continuous use of heroin, severe behavioral or psychiatric problems, misbehavior and diversion during the 6 months treatment period. No difference was evidenced between responders and non-responders to BUP in the frequency of kappa opioid receptor (OPRK1) 36G>T SNP. The frequency of dopamine transporter (DAT) gene polymorphism (SLC6A3/DAT1), allele 10, was evidently much higher in "non-responder" than in "responder" individuals (64.9% vs. 55.93%) whereas the frequency of the category of other alleles (6, 7 and 11) was higher in responder than in non-responder individuals (11.02% vs. 2.13% respectively). On one hand, the hypothesis that possible gene-related changes in kappa-opioid receptor could consistently affect buprenorphine pharmacological action and clinical effectiveness was not confirmed in our study, at least in relation to the single nucleotide polymorphism 36G>T. On the other hand, the possibility that gene-related dopamine changes could have reduced BUP effectiveness and impaired maintenance treatment outcome was cautiously supported by our findings. DAT1 gene variants such as allele 10, previously reported in association with personality and behavioral problems, would have influenced the effects of BUP-induced dopamine release, modulated through mu and kappa opioid receptors, and probably the related reinforcing capacity of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Gerra
- Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Division for Operations, United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Somaini
- Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Service, Cossato 13836, Biella, Italy.
| | - Claudio Leonardi
- Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Service, Rome C 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cortese
- Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Service, Rome C 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Icro Maremmani
- Department of Neurosciences, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
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Padmanabhan A, Luna B. Developmental imaging genetics: linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior. Brain Cogn 2013; 89:27-38. [PMID: 24139694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of development characterized by numerous neurobiological changes that significantly influence behavior and brain function. Adolescence is of particular interest due to the alarming statistics indicating that mortality rates increase two to three-fold during this time compared to childhood, due largely to a peak in risk-taking behaviors resulting from increased impulsivity and sensation seeking. Furthermore, there exists large unexplained variability in these behaviors that are in part mediated by biological factors. Recent advances in molecular genetics and functional neuroimaging have provided a unique and exciting opportunity to non-invasively study the influence of genetic factors on brain function in humans. While genes do not code for specific behaviors, they do determine the structure and function of proteins that are essential to the neuronal processes that underlie behavior. Therefore, studying the interaction of genotype with measures of brain function over development could shed light on critical time points when biologically mediated individual differences in complex behaviors emerge. Here we review animal and human literature examining the neurobiological basis of adolescent development related to dopamine neurotransmission. Dopamine is of critical importance because of (1) its role in cognitive and affective behaviors, (2) its role in the pathogenesis of major psychopathology, and (3) the protracted development of dopamine signaling pathways over adolescence. We will then focus on current research examining the role of dopamine-related genes on brain function. We propose the use of imaging genetics to examine the influence of genetically mediated dopamine variability on brain function during adolescence, keeping in mind the limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Padmanabhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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O'Brien TC, Mustanski BS, Skol A, Cook EH, Wakschlag LS. Do dopamine gene variants and prenatal smoking interactively predict youth externalizing behavior? Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 40:67-73. [PMID: 24064458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Externalizing behaviors (encompassing antisocial, impulsive, and substance use behaviors) are pervasive and impairing across a multitude of settings and developmental contexts. These behaviors, though often investigated separately, are highly comorbid. Prenatal tobacco exposure in interaction with various genetic influences has predicted later externalizing behavior, and recent evidence supports investigating sex differences in these patterns. In the current study, we extend this work by (a) examining two functional genetic markers in the dopamine system: the transporter gene (DAT1) and the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) in interaction with prenatal tobacco exposure to predict a latent composite of externalizing behavior and (b) testing whether these patterns differ by sex of youth in a community sample of adolescents (n=176). The relatively small sample is partially offset by high quality, multi-method prospective measurement. We assessed prenatal tobacco exposure using prospective repeated cotinine-corrected reports and externalizing behaviors were assessed utilizing multiple measures across three waves. The interaction between DAT1 (but not DRD4) and prenatal tobacco exposure was statistically significant in boys, and patterns appeared to differ by sex. Risk for externalizing behaviors for exposed boys increased linearly as a function of the 10r DAT1 allele. For exposed girls, there was a trend such that DAT1 heterozygotes had a marginally higher risk than homozygotes. This pattern was not explained by passive gene-environment correlation. Elucidating sex-specific pathways through which early adverse exposures and genetic susceptibilities contribute to externalizing behavior can inform early targeted prevention efforts for those children at highest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Caitlin O'Brien
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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21
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Child dopamine active transporter 1 genotype and parenting: evidence for evocative gene-environment correlations. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25:163-73. [PMID: 23398760 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579412000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine active transporter 1 (DAT1) gene is implicated in psychopathology risk. Although the processes by which this gene exerts its effects on risk are poorly understood, a small body of research suggests that the DAT1 gene influences early emerging negative emotionality, a marker of children's psychopathology risk. As child negative emotionality evokes negative parenting practices, the DAT1 gene may also play a role in gene-environment correlations. To test this model, children (N = 365) were genotyped for the DAT1 gene and participated in standardized parent-child interaction tasks with their primary caregiver. The DAT1 gene 9-repeat variant was associated with child negative affect expressed toward the parent during parent-child interactions, and parents of children with a 9-repeat allele exhibited more hostility and lower guidance/engagement than parents of children without a 9-repeat allele. These gene-environment associations were partially mediated by child negative affect toward the parent. The findings implicate a specific polymorphism in eliciting negative parenting, suggesting that evocative associations play a role in elevating children's risk for emotional trajectories toward psychopathology risk.
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Blum K, Oscar-Berman M, Barh D, Giordano J, Gold MS. Dopamine Genetics and Function in Food and Substance Abuse. JOURNAL OF GENETIC SYNDROMES & GENE THERAPY 2013; 4:1000121. [PMID: 23543775 PMCID: PMC3609029 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Having entered the genomics era with confidence in the future of medicine, including psychiatry, identifying the role of DNA and polymorphic associations with brain reward circuitry has led to a new understanding of all addictive behaviors. It is noteworthy that this strategy may provide treatment for the millions who are the victims of "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS) a genetic disorder of brain reward circuitry. This article will focus on drugs and food being mutuality addictive, and the role of dopamine genetics and function in addictions, including the interaction of the dopamine transporter, and sodium food. We will briefly review our concept that concerns the genetic antecedents of multiple-addictions (RDS). Studies have also shown that evaluating a panel of established reward genes and polymorphisms enables the stratification of genetic risk to RDS. The panel is called the "Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS)", and is a tool for the diagnosis of a genetic predisposition for RDS. The use of this test, as pointed out by others, would benefit the medical community by identifying at risk individuals at a very early age. We encourage, in depth work in both animal and human models of addiction. We encourage further exploration of the neurogenetic correlates of the commonalities between food and drug addiction and endorse forward thinking hypotheses like "The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis".
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blum
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., Austin, Texas, USA
| | - M Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - J Giordano
- Department of Holistic Medicine, G & G Health Care Services LLC, North Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - MS Gold
- Department of Psychiatry & McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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23
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Blum K, Chen ALC, Oscar-Berman M, Chen TJH, Lubar J, White N, Lubar J, Bowirrat A, Braverman E, Schoolfield J, Waite RL, Downs BW, Madigan M, Comings DE, Davis C, Kerner MM, Knopf J, Palomo T, Giordano JJ, Morse SA, Fornari F, Barh D, Femino J, Bailey JA. Generational association studies of dopaminergic genes in reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) subjects: selecting appropriate phenotypes for reward dependence behaviors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:4425-59. [PMID: 22408582 PMCID: PMC3290972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abnormal behaviors involving dopaminergic gene polymorphisms often reflect an insufficiency of usual feelings of satisfaction, or Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). RDS results from a dysfunction in the "brain reward cascade," a complex interaction among neurotransmitters (primarily dopaminergic and opioidergic). Individuals with a family history of alcoholism or other addictions may be born with a deficiency in the ability to produce or use these neurotransmitters. Exposure to prolonged periods of stress and alcohol or other substances also can lead to a corruption of the brain reward cascade function. We evaluated the potential association of four variants of dopaminergic candidate genes in RDS (dopamine D1 receptor gene [DRD1]; dopamine D2 receptor gene [DRD2]; dopamine transporter gene [DAT1]; dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene [DBH]). METHODOLOGY We genotyped an experimental group of 55 subjects derived from up to five generations of two independent multiple-affected families compared to rigorously screened control subjects (e.g., N = 30 super controls for DRD2 gene polymorphisms). Data related to RDS behaviors were collected on these subjects plus 13 deceased family members. RESULTS Among the genotyped family members, the DRD2 Taq1 and the DAT1 10/10 alleles were significantly (at least p < 0.015) more often found in the RDS families vs. controls. The TaqA1 allele occurred in 100% of Family A individuals (N = 32) and 47.8% of Family B subjects (11 of 23). No significant differences were found between the experimental and control positive rates for the other variants. CONCLUSIONS Although our sample size was limited, and linkage analysis is necessary, the results support the putative role of dopaminergic polymorphisms in RDS behaviors. This study shows the importance of a nonspecific RDS phenotype and informs an understanding of how evaluating single subset behaviors of RDS may lead to spurious results. Utilization of a nonspecific "reward" phenotype may be a paradigm shift in future association and linkage studies involving dopaminergic polymorphisms and other neurotransmitter gene candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, W University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA;
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., P.O. Box 366, 570 Lederach Stattion Way, Lederach, PA 19450, USA; (R.L.W.); (B.W.D.); (M.M.)
- Department of Integrative Medicine, PATH Medical Research Foundation, 304 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
- Department of Holistic Medicine, G&G Holistic Addiction Treatment, Inc., 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
- Department of Research, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
- Dominion Diagnostics, Inc., 211 Circuit Road, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA;
- Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India;
| | - Amanda L. C. Chen
- Department of Engineering Management Advanced Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 396, Sec. 1, Changrong Road, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Thomas J. H. Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 396, Sec. 1, Changrong Road, Tainan 71101, Taiwan;
| | - Joel Lubar
- Emeritus, Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee, 719 Andy Holt Tower, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Nancy White
- Unique Mindcare, Inc., 1900 Saint James Place, Houston, TX 77056, USA;
| | - Judith Lubar
- Department of Neurofeedback, Southeastern Biofeedback and Neurobehavioral Clinic, 101 Westwood Road, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA;
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Neuroscience & Population Genetics, EMMS Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel;
| | - Eric Braverman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Integrative Medicine, PATH Medical Research Foundation, 304 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - John Schoolfield
- Department of Academic Informatics Services, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Roger L. Waite
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., P.O. Box 366, 570 Lederach Stattion Way, Lederach, PA 19450, USA; (R.L.W.); (B.W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Bernard W. Downs
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., P.O. Box 366, 570 Lederach Stattion Way, Lederach, PA 19450, USA; (R.L.W.); (B.W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Margaret Madigan
- Department of Nutrigenomics, LifeGen, Inc., P.O. Box 366, 570 Lederach Stattion Way, Lederach, PA 19450, USA; (R.L.W.); (B.W.D.); (M.M.)
| | - David E. Comings
- Department of Genomic Research, Carlsbad Science Foundation, Department of Medical Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Caroline Davis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Mallory M. Kerner
- Department of Integrative Medicine, PATH Medical Research Foundation, 304 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jennifer Knopf
- Department of Integrative Medicine, PATH Medical Research Foundation, 304 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10010, USA; (M.M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Tomas Palomo
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Servicio de Psiquiatria, Av. Cordoba SN, Madrid 28041, Spain;
| | - John J. Giordano
- Department of Holistic Medicine, G&G Holistic Addiction Treatment, Inc., 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
- Department of Research, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
| | - Siobhan A. Morse
- Department of Holistic Medicine, G&G Holistic Addiction Treatment, Inc., 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
- Department of Research, National Institute for Holistic Addiction Studies, 1590 Northeast 162nd Street, North Miami Beach, FL 33162, USA;
| | - Frank Fornari
- Dominion Diagnostics, Inc., 211 Circuit Road, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA;
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India;
| | - John Femino
- Meadows Edge Recovery Center, 580 10 Rod Road, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA;
| | - John A. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, W University Ave., Gainesville, FL 32601, USA;
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Lahey BB, Rathouz PJ, Lee SS, Chronis-Tuscano A, Pelham WE, Waldman ID, Cook EH. Interactions between early parenting and a polymorphism of the child's dopamine transporter gene in predicting future child conduct disorder symptoms. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 120:33-45. [PMID: 21171728 DOI: 10.1037/a0021133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that genetic risks for mental disorders often interact with the social environment, but most studies still ignore environmental moderation of genetic influences. The authors tested interactions between maternal parenting and the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene in the child to increase understanding of gene-environment interactions involving early parenting. Participants were part of a 9-year longitudinal study of 4- to 6-year-old children who met criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and demographically matched controls. Maternal parenting was observed during standard mother-child interactions in Wave 1. The child's conduct disorder (CD) symptoms 5-8 years later were measured using separate structured diagnostic interviews of the mother and youth. Controlling for ADHD symptoms and child disruptive behavior during the mother-child interaction, there was a significant inverse relation between levels of both positive and negative parenting at 4-6 years and the number of later CD symptoms, but primarily among children with 2 copies of the 9-repeat allele of the VNTR. The significant interaction with negative parenting was replicated in parent and youth reports of CD symptoms separately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo
| | | | - Edwin H Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
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25
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Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M. Toward a better understanding of ADHD: LPHN3 gene variants and the susceptibility to develop ADHD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:139-47. [PMID: 21432600 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-010-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the past 15 years, an impressive amount of genetic information has become available in the research field of psychiatry, particularly as it relates to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the classical clinical approach to ADHD has minimally affected and not significantly been improved by this genetic revolution. It is difficult to predict how long it will take for genetic findings to alter the way clinicians treat patients with ADHD. New medications or treatment protocols may take years to become routine clinical practice. However, when taken together, recent successes in genomics, pharmacogenomics, and genetic epidemiology have the potential (1) to prevent comorbid consequences of ADHD, (2) to individualize therapies for patients with ADHD, and (3) to define new epidemiological policies to aid with the impact of ADHD on society. Here, we present an overview of how genetic research may affect and improve the quality of life of patients with ADHD: as an example, we use the discovery of LPHN3, a new gene in which variants have recently been shown to be associated with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Association of maternal dopamine transporter genotype with negative parenting: evidence for gene x environment interaction with child disruptive behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:548-58. [PMID: 18779819 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although maternal parenting is central to child development, little is known about the interplay between molecular genetic and environmental factors that influence parenting. We tested the association of the 40-bp variable number tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT1; SLC6A3) gene with three dimensions of observed maternal parenting behavior (positive parenting, negative parenting and total maternal commands). A significant nonadditive association was found between maternal DAT1 genotype and both negative parenting and total commands during a structured mother-child interaction task, even after controlling demographic factors, maternal psychopathology and disruptive child behavior during the task. Furthermore, the association between maternal DAT1 genotype and negative parenting was significantly stronger among mothers whose children were highly disruptive during the mother-child interaction task, suggesting a gene-environment interaction.
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Bubier JL, Drabick DA. Co-occurring anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders: the roles of anxious symptoms, reactive aggression, and shared risk processes. Clin Psychol Rev 2009; 29:658-69. [PMID: 19729235 PMCID: PMC2758916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current review uses a developmental perspective to examine processes that may underlie and partially account for the association between anxiety disorders and disruptive behavior disorders among children and adolescents. We propose that one way to understand development of comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders is to examine symptoms that are precursors for or part of these syndromes, such as anxious symptoms and reactive aggression. We use a framework that considers these issues first at the syndrome or disorder level (e.g., anxiety disorders, disruptive behavior disorders), then at the symptom level (e.g., anxious symptoms and reactive aggression), and finally at the risk factor level (e.g., factors associated with anxious symptoms and/or reactive aggression). We apply various frameworks that have been put forth for understanding comorbidity of psychological syndromes to the co-occurrence of anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders and to the co-occurrence of reactive aggression and anxious symptoms where possible. We then identify gaps in the literature with regard to anxiety and reactive aggression, as well as anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders more generally. Finally, we provide a conceptual model describing how the relation of anxiety and reactive aggression may develop into clinically identifiable, comorbid anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Bubier
- Dept. of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6085, USA
| | - Deborah A.G. Drabick
- Dept. of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6085, USA
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28
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Sonuga-Barke EJS, Oades RD, Psychogiou L, Chen W, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Banaschewski T, Ebstein RP, Gil M, Anney R, Miranda A, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Steinhausen HC, Thompson M, Asherson P, Faraone SV. Dopamine and serotonin transporter genotypes moderate sensitivity to maternal expressed emotion: the case of conduct and emotional problems in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009; 50:1052-63. [PMID: 19490304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers' positive emotions expressed about their children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with a reduced likelihood of comorbid conduct problems (CP). We examined whether this association with CP, and one with emotional problems (EMO), is moderated by variants within three genes, previously reported to be associated with ADHD and to moderate the impact of environmental risks on conduct and/or emotional problems; the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1), the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4/5HTT). METHODS Seven hundred and twenty-eight males between the ages of 5 and 17 with a DSM-IV research diagnosis of combined type ADHD were included in these analyses. Parents and teachers rated children's conduct and emotional problems. Positive maternal expressed emotion (PMEE) was coded by independent observers on comments made during a clinical assessment with the mother based on current or recent medication-free periods. RESULTS Sensitivity to the effects of PMEE on CP was moderated by variants of the DAT1 and 5HTT genes. Only children who did not carry the DAT1 10R/10R or the 5HTT l/l genotypes showed altered levels of CP when exposed to PMEE. The effect was most marked where the child with ADHD had both these genotypes. For EMO, sensitivity to PMEE was found only with those who carried the DAT1 9R/9R. There was no effect of DRD4 on CP or EMO. CONCLUSION The gene-environment interactions observed suggested that genetic make-up can alter the degree of sensitivity an ADHD patients has to their family environment. Further research should focus on distinguishing general sensitivity genotypes from those conferring risk or protective qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Gruber R, Joober R, Grizenko N, Leventhal BL, Cook EH, Stein MA. Dopamine transporter genotype and stimulant side effect factors in youth diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009; 19:233-9. [PMID: 19519258 PMCID: PMC2856973 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2008.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter locus (DAT1) has been studied as a risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in pharmacogenetic studies of stimulant response. Several prospective studies have reported an association between the homozygous 9 repeat allele of the DAT1 3' untranslated region (UTR) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) (DAT1 3') and decreased efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH). We hypothesized that children with the 9/9 genotype would display higher rates of specific stimulant side effects. Data on adverse events and DAT1 3' genotypes were combined from two, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies of MPH conducted in child psychiatric outpatient clinics in Montreal and Washington, D.C. There were 177 participants, 5-16 years old (mean age = 8.99, standard deviation [SD] = 2), with ADHD. Parents completed the Stimulant Side Effect Scale (SERS) after a week of placebo and a week of MPH treatment. Principal components analysis of the SERS resulted in three factors: Emotionality, Somatic Complaints, and Over-focused. Children with the 9/9 genotype displayed higher scores on the Emotionality factor during placebo than children with the 9/10 and the 10/10 genotype, and their Emotionality scores increased further during MPH treatment (F[2,151] = 3.24, p < 0.05). Children with the 10/10 genotype displayed a significant increase in Somatic Complaint factor scores during MPH treatment relative to the other genotype groups (F[2,150] = 3.4, p < 0.05). These data provide suggestive evidence that DAT1 variants are differentially associated with specific stimulant side effects. Children with the 9/10 genotype displayed less severe stimulant side-effect ratings than either of the homozygous groups, who each displayed increased susceptibility to different types of adverse events. Preliminary evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic analysis using DAT1 variants shows promise for identifying individuals at increased or decreased risk for poor tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Gruber
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bennett L. Leventhal
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark A. Stein
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Dept of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Stam AJ, Schothorst PF, Vorstman JA, Staal WG. The genetic overlap of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2009; 2:7-13. [PMID: 23776346 PMCID: PMC3681037 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are classified as distinct disorders within the DSM-IV-TR (1994). The manual excludes simultaneous use of both diagnoses in case of overlap on a symptomatic level. However this does not always represent clinical observations and findings of previous studies. This review explores the genetic basis of the phenomenological overlap between ADHD and ASD. Based on an extensive review of twin-, linkage-, association studies, and reported structural genomic abnormalities associated with these disorders, we have identified seventeen regions on the human genome that can be related to both disorders. These regions of shared genetic association are: 2q35, 3p14, 4p16.1, 4p16.3, 5p15.31, 5p15.33, 7p12.3, 7p22, 7q21, 8q24.3, 14q12, 15q11–12, 16p13, 17q11, 18q21–23, 22q11.2, Xp22.3. The presented data are of interest for future genetic studies and appear to suggest the existence of a phenotype partition that may differ from the current classification of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie J Stam
- University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC Utrecht), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gadow KD, Roohi J, DeVincent CJ, Hatchwell E. Association of ADHD, tics, and anxiety with dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype in autism spectrum disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2008; 49:1331-8. [PMID: 19120712 PMCID: PMC4349425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with high rates of psychiatric disturbance to include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic disorder, and anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) functional polymorphism located in the 3'-untranslated region of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and the severity of these symptoms as well as the association between the DAT1 DdeI polymorphism and severity of tics. METHODS Parents (n = 62) and teachers (n = 57) completed a DSM-IV-referenced rating scale for 67 children with ASD. RESULTS According to parent ratings, children with the 10-10 repeat allele (versus a combined group of all other genotypes) exhibited less severe symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity as well as less severe language deficits. Teacher ratings indicated that social anxiety and tic symptoms were more severe for children with the 10-10 genotype versus all others. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary support for the notion that heterozygosity (9-10 repeat genotype) may be a risk/protective factor. There were no associations of tic severity with the DAT1 DdeI polymorphism. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that the extraordinary variability in ASD clinical phenotypes may be explained in part by the same genes that are implicated in a host of other psychiatric disorders in non-ASD populations. Nevertheless, replication with independent samples is necessary to confirm this preliminary finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA.
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Groman SM, James AS, Jentsch JD. Poor response inhibition: at the nexus between substance abuse and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 33:690-8. [PMID: 18789354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The co-morbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse and dependence disorders may have multiple causes and consequences. In this review, we will describe neurobehavioral, genetic and animal model studies that support the notion that a common, genetically determined failure of response inhibition function is an endophenotype for both disorders. Through an impairment in the ability to cognitively control pre-potent behaviors, subjects can exhibit a collection of ADHD-like traits (impulsivity and hyperactivity), as well as susceptibility for the initiation of drug taking and its ultimate progression to an inflexible, uncontrollable form. At the neural level, dysfunction within circuitry that includes the ventrolateral frontal and cingulate cortices, as well as in associated basal ganglia zones, contributes to a common pattern of behavioral impairment, explaining aspects of co-morbidity. Animal models of substance abuse/dependence and ADHD that exhibit deficits in response inhibition have substantiated the role of this endophenotype in both disorders and their co-morbidity and should provide a testing ground for interventions targeting it. New directions for research that will further explore this hypothesis and begin to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Groman
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA
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Novel repeat polymorphisms of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter genes among dogs and wolves. Mamm Genome 2007; 18:871-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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