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Li H, Xu Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li B, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhu C. Novel insights into the immune cell landscape and gene signatures in autism spectrum disorder by bioinformatics and clinical analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1082950. [PMID: 36761165 PMCID: PMC9905846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well understood, especially in terms of immunity and inflammation, and there are currently no early diagnostic or treatment methods. In this study, we obtained six existing Gene Expression Omnibus transcriptome datasets from the blood of ASD patients. We performed functional enrichment analysis, PPI analysis, CIBERSORT algorithm, and Spearman correlation analysis, with a focus on expression profiling in hub genes and immune cells. We validated that monocytes and nonclassical monocytes were upregulated in the ASD group using peripheral blood (30 children with ASD and 30 age and sex-matched typically developing children) using flow cytometry. The receiver operating characteristic curves (PSMC4 and ALAS2) and analysis stratified by ASD severity (LIlRB1 and CD69) showed that they had predictive value using the "training" and verification groups. Three immune cell types - monocytes, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells - had different degrees of correlation with 15 identified hub genes. In addition, we analyzed the miRNA-mRNA network and agents-gene interactions using miRNA databases (starBase and miRDB) and the DSigDB database. Two miRNAs (miR-342-3p and miR-1321) and 23 agents were linked with ASD. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the immune system may contribute to ASD development, especially dysregulation of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells. ASD-related hub genes may serve as potential predictors for ASD, and the potential ASD-related miRNAs and agents identified here may open up new strategies for the prevention and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,*Correspondence: Changlian Zhu, ;;
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2
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Deolankar SC, Patil AH, Rex DAB, Subba P, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. Mapping Post-Translational Modifications in Brain Regions in Alzheimer's Disease Using Proteomics Data Mining. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:525-536. [PMID: 34255573 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia and a neurodegenerative disease. Proteomics and post-translational modification (PTM) analyses offer new opportunities for a comprehensive understanding of pathophysiology of brain in AD. We report here multiple PTMs in patients with AD, harnessing publicly available proteomics data from nine brain regions and at three different Braak stages of disease progression. Specifically, we identified 7190 peptides with PTMs, corresponding to 2545 proteins from brain regions with intermediate tangles, and 6864 peptides with PTMs corresponding to 2465 proteins from brain regions with severe tangles. A total of 103 proteins with PTMs were expressed uniquely to intermediate tangles and severe tangles compared to no tangles. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis suggested the association of these proteins in AD progression through platelet activation. These modified proteins were also found to be enriched for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, respiratory electron cycle, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. The multi-PTM data reported here contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology of AD and highlight the prospects of omics systems science research in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study provides a region-wise classification for the proteins with PTMs along with their differential expression patterns, providing insights into the localization of these proteins upon modification. The catalog of multi-PTMs identified in the context of AD from different brain regions provides a unique platform for generating newer hypotheses in understanding the putative role of specific PTMs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Chandrashekhar Deolankar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Pratigya Subba
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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3
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Baj J, Forma A, Sitarz E, Karakuła K, Flieger W, Sitarz M, Grochowski C, Maciejewski R, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. Beyond the Mind-Serum Trace Element Levels in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249566. [PMID: 33334078 PMCID: PMC7765526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The alterations in serum trace element levels are common phenomena observed in patients with different psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, or major depressive disorder. The fluctuations in the trace element concentrations might act as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of many psychiatric and neurological disorders. This paper aimed to assess the alterations in serum trace element concentrations in patients with a diagnosed schizophrenia. The authors made a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 5009 articles identified through database searching, 59 of them were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 33 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This review includes the analysis of serum levels of the following trace elements: iron, nickel, molybdenum, phosphorus, lead, chromium, antimony, uranium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, copper, selenium, calcium, and manganese. Currently, there is no consistency regarding serum trace element levels in schizophrenic patients. Thus, it cannot be considered as a reliable prognostic or diagnostic marker of schizophrenia. However, it can be assumed that altered concentrations of those elements are crucial regarding the onset and exaggeration of either psychotic or negative symptoms or cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Forma
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Sitarz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Kaja Karakuła
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Sitarz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Chair of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- Chair and 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (K.K.); (H.K.-J.)
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, Gluska Street 1, 20-439 Lublin, Poland
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Cell-Type Specific Analysis of Selenium-Related Genes in Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050120. [PMID: 31060314 PMCID: PMC6562762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are a unique class of proteins that play key roles in redox signaling in the brain. This unique organ is comprised of a wide variety of cell types that includes excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Whereas selenoproteins are known to be required for neural development and function, the cell-type specific expression of selenoproteins and selenium-related machinery has yet to be systematically investigated. Due to advances in sequencing technology and investment from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored BRAIN initiative, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from thousands of cortical neurons can now be freely accessed and searched using the online RNAseq data navigator at the Allen Brain Atlas. Hence, we utilized this newly developed tool to perform a comprehensive analysis of the cell-type specific expression of selenium-related genes in brain. Select proteins of interest were further verified by means of multi-label immunofluorescent labeling of mouse brain sections. Of potential significance to neural selenium homeostasis, we report co-expression of selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) within astrocytes. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that SELENBP1 may negatively regulate astrocytic SELENOP synthesis and thereby limit downstream Se supply to neurons.
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5
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Selenium-Binding Protein 1 in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113437. [PMID: 30400135 PMCID: PMC6274749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) is a highly conserved protein that covalently binds selenium. SBP1 may play important roles in several fundamental physiological functions, including protein degradation, intra-Golgi transport, cell differentiation, cellular motility, redox modulation, and the metabolism of sulfur-containing molecules. SBP1 expression is often reduced in many cancer types compared to the corresponding normal tissues and low levels of SBP1 are frequently associated with poor clinical outcome. In this review, the transcriptional regulation of SBP1, the different physiological roles reported for SBP1, as well as the implications of SBP1 function in cancer and other diseases are presented.
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6
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Chau EJ, Mostaid MS, Cropley V, McGorry P, Pantelis C, Bousman CA, Everall IP. Downregulation of plasma SELENBP1 protein in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:1-6. [PMID: 29577944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) mRNA expression has been reported in schizophrenia, primarily in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, peripheral blood studies are limited and results are inconsistent. In this study, we examined SELENBP1 mRNA expression in whole blood and protein expression in plasma from patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (n = 30), treatment-resistant schizophrenia (n = 71) and healthy controls (n = 57). We also examined the effects of SELENBP1 genetic variation on gene and protein expression. We found lower SELENBP1 plasma protein levels in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (p = 0.042) but not in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (p = 0.81). Measurement of peripheral mRNA levels showed no difference between treatment-resistant schizophrenia and healthy controls (p = 0.234) but clozapine plasma levels (p = 0.036) and duration of illness (p = 0.028) were positively correlated with mRNA levels. Genetic variation was not associated with mRNA or protein expression. Our data represent the first peripheral proteomic study of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia and suggest that plasma SELENBP1 protein is downregulated in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J Chau
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Shaki Mostaid
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia,; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian P Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia; The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia; NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
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7
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Valassakis C, Livanos P, Minopetrou M, Haralampidis K, Roussis A. Promoter analysis and functional implications of the selenium binding protein (SBP) gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 224-225:19-29. [PMID: 29574326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenium Βinding Protein (SBP, originally termed SBP56) was identified in mouse liver as a cytosolic protein that could bind radioactive selenium. SBPs are highly conserved proteins present in a wide array of species across all kingdoms and are likely to be involved in selenium metabolism. In Arabidopsis, the selenium binding protein (SBP) gene family comprises three genes (AtSBP1, AtSBP2 and AtSBP3). AtSBP1 and AtSBP2 are clustered in a head-to-tail arrangement on chromosome IV, while AtSBP3 is located on chromosome III. In this work, we studied the promoter activity of the Arabidopsis SBP genes, determined their tissue specificity and showed that they are differentially regulated by sodium selenite and sodium selenate. All three SBP genes are upregulated in response to externally applied selenium compounds and the antioxidant NAC selectively downregulates SBP2. Although the effect on SBP2 levels was the most prominent, in all cases, the concurrent exposure of plants to selenite and the antioxidant supressed the expression of the SBP genes. We provide evidence that (at least) SBP1 expression is tightly linked to detoxification processes related to oxidative stress, since it is downregulated in the presence of NAC in selenium-treated plants. Furthermore, our results suggest that SBP genes may participate in the mechanisms that sense redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Valassakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Minopetrou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Kosmas Haralampidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Roussis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, 15784 Athens, Greece.
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8
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Omidi A, Jafari R, Nazifi S, Parker MO. Potential role for selenium in the pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses. J Vet Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Mutations in SELENBP1, encoding a novel human methanethiol oxidase, cause extraoral halitosis. Nat Genet 2017; 50:120-129. [PMID: 29255262 PMCID: PMC5742538 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-017-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been associated with several cancers, although its exact role is unknown. We show that SELENBP1 is a methanethiol oxidase (MTO), related to the MTO in methylotrophic bacteria, that converts methanethiol to H2O2, formaldehyde, and H2S, an activity not previously known to exist in humans. We identified mutations in SELENBP1 in five patients with cabbage-like breath odor. The malodor was attributable to high levels of methanethiol and dimethylsulfide, the main odorous compounds in their breath. Elevated urinary excretion of dimethylsulfoxide was associated with MTO deficiency. Patient fibroblasts had low SELENBP1 protein levels and were deficient in MTO enzymatic activity; these effects were reversed by lentivirus-mediated expression of wild-type SELENBP1. Selenbp1-knockout mice showed biochemical characteristics similar to those in humans. Our data reveal a potentially frequent inborn error of metabolism that results from MTO deficiency and leads to a malodor syndrome.
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10
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Gupta S, Mukherjee S, Syed P, Pandala NG, Choudhary S, Singh VA, Singh N, Zhu H, Epari S, Noronha SB, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Evaluation of autoantibody signatures in meningioma patients using human proteome arrays. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58443-58456. [PMID: 28938569 PMCID: PMC5601665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are one of the most common tumors of the Central nervous system (CNS). This study aims to identify the autoantibody biomarkers in meningiomas using high-density human proteome arrays (~17,000 full-length recombinant human proteins). Screening of sera from 15 unaffected healthy individuals, 10 individuals with meningioma grade I and 5 with meningioma grade II was performed. This comprehensive proteomics based investigation revealed the dysregulation of 489 and 104 proteins in grades I and II of meningioma, respectively, along with the enrichment of several signalling pathways, which might play a crucial role in the manifestation of the disease. Autoantibody targets like IGHG4, CRYM, EFCAB2, STAT6, HDAC7A and CCNB1 were significantly dysregulated across both the grades. Further, we compared this to the tissue proteome and gene expression profile from GEO database. Previously reported upregulated proteins from meningioma tissue-based proteomics obtained from high-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated an aggravated autoimmune response, emphasizing the clinical relevance of these targets. Some of these targets like SELENBP1 were tested for their presence in tumor tissue using immunoblotting. In the light of highly invasive diagnostic modalities employed to diagnose CNS tumors like meningioma, these autoantibody markers offer a minimally invasive diagnostic platform which could be pursued further for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarni Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shuvolina Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Parvez Syed
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biochemistry/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Narendra Goud Pandala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Saket Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vedita Anand Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences/High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh B Noronha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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11
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Kawano M, Kanazawa T, Kikuyama H, Tsutsumi A, Kinoshita S, Kawabata Y, Yamauchi S, Uenishi H, Kawashige S, Imazu S, Toyoda K, Nishizawa Y, Takahashi M, Okayama T, Odo W, Ide K, Maruyama S, Tarutani S, Koh J, Yoneda H. Correlation between frontal lobe oxy-hemoglobin and severity of depression assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Affect Disord 2016; 205:154-158. [PMID: 27449547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The search for objective biomarkers of psychiatric disorders has a long history. Despite this, no universally accepted instruments or methods to detect biomarkers have been developed. One potential exception is near-infrared spectroscopy, although interpreting the measures of blood flow recorded with this technique remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between recorded blood flow and depression severity assessed using the Hamilton depression scale in patients with various psychiatric disorders. METHODS Enrolled patients (n=43) had DSM-IV diagnoses of major depressive disorder (n=25), bipolar disorder I (n=5), schizophrenia (n=3), dysthymic disorder (n=3), psychotic disorder (n=3), panic disorder (n=2), and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (n=2). The verbal fluency task was administered during blood flow recording from the frontal and temporal lobes. RESULTS We found that severity of depression was negatively correlated with the integral value of blood flow in the frontal lobe, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis (F=5.94, p=0.02). DISCUSSION Our results support blood flow in the frontal lobe as a potential biomarker of depression severity across various psychiatric disorders. LIMITATION Limited sample size, no replication in the second set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Kanazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kikuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsutsumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawabata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamauchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Kawashige
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imazu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Toyoda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Okayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wakako Odo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Maruyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tarutani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Koh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoneda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Solovyev ND. Importance of selenium and selenoprotein for brain function: From antioxidant protection to neuronal signalling. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:1-12. [PMID: 26398431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple biological functions of selenium manifest themselves mainly via 25 selenoproteins that have selenocysteine at their active centre. Selenium is vital for the brain and seems to participate in the pathology of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy. Since selenium was shown to be involved in diverse functions of the central nervous system, such as motor performance, coordination, memory and cognition, a possible role of selenium and selenoproteins in brain signalling pathways may be assumed. The aim of the present review is to analyse possible relations between selenium and neurotransmission. Selenoproteins seem to be of special importance in the development and functioning of GABAergic (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid) parvalbumin positive interneurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Dopamine pathway might be also selenium dependent as selenium shows neuroprotection in the nigrostriatal pathway and also exerts toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons under higher concentrations. Recent findings also point to acetylcholine neurotransmission involvement. The role of selenium and selenoproteins in neurotransmission might not only be limited to their antioxidant properties but also to inflammation, influencing protein phosphorylation and ion channels, alteration of calcium homeostasis and brain cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, a direct signalling function was proposed for selenoprotein P through interaction with post-synaptic apoliprotein E receptors 2 (ApoER2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay D Solovyev
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
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SELENBP1 expression in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e615. [PMID: 26241353 PMCID: PMC4564563 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) has previously been shown to be upregulated in the brain and blood from subjects with schizophrenia. We aimed to validate these findings in a new cohort using real-time PCR in Brodmann's Area (BA) 9, and to determine the disease specificity of increased SELENBP1 expression by measuring SELENBP1 mRNA in subjects with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. We then extended the study to include other cortical regions such as BA8 and BA44. SELENBP1 mRNA was higher in BA9 (P = 0.001), BA8 (P = 0.003) and BA44 (P = 0.0007) from subjects with schizophrenia. Conversely, in affective disorders, there was no significant difference in SELENBP1 mRNA in BA9 (P = 0.67), suggesting that the upregulation may be diagnosis specific. Measurement of SELENBP1 protein levels showed that changes in mRNA did not translate to changes in protein. In addition, chronic treatment of rats with antipsychotics did not significantly affect the expression of Selenbp1 in the cortex (P = 0.24). Our data show that elevated SELENBP1 transcript expression is widespread throughout the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, and confirm that this change is a consistent feature of schizophrenia and not a simple drug effect.
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Jeong JY, Zhou JR, Gao C, Feldman L, Sytkowski AJ. Human selenium binding protein-1 (hSP56) is a negative regulator of HIF-1α and suppresses the malignant characteristics of prostate cancer cells. BMB Rep 2015; 47:411-6. [PMID: 24874852 PMCID: PMC4163856 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.7.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of 56-kDa human selenium binding protein-1 (hSP56) in PC-3 cells that do not normally express hSP56 results in a marked inhibition of cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Down-regulation of hSP56 in LNCaP cells that normally express hSP56 results in enhanced anchorage-independent growth. PC-3 cells expressing hSP56 exhibit a significant reduction of hypoxia inducible protein (HIF)-1α protein levels under hypoxic conditions without altering HIF-1α mRNA (HIF1A) levels. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that hSP56 plays a critical role in prostate cells by mechanisms including negative regulation of HIF-1α, thus identifying hSP56 as a candidate anti-oncogene product. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(7): 411-416]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 602-703, Korea
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chong Gao
- Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laurie Feldman
- Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arthur J Sytkowski
- Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Oncology Therapeutic Area, Quintiles Translational, Arlington, MA 02476,USA
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15
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Wu X, Sun X, Chen C, Bai C, Wang X. Dynamic gene expressions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study. Crit Care 2014; 18:508. [PMID: 25407108 PMCID: PMC4305227 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a serious event that is responsible for the progress of the disease, increases in medical costs and high mortality. METHODS The aim of the present study was to identify AECOPD-specific biomarkers by evaluating the dynamic gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AECOPD on days 1, 3 and 10 after hospital admission and to compare the derived data with data from healthy controls or patients with stable COPD. RESULTS We found that 14 genes were co-differentially upregulated and 2 downregulated greater than 10-fold in patients with COPD or AECOPD compared with the healthy individuals. Eight co-differentially upregulated genes and six downregulated genes were identified as a panel of AECOPD-specific genes. Downregulation of TCF7 in PBMCs was found to be associated with the severity of COPD. Dynamic changes of Aminolevulinate-delta-synthase 2 and carbonic anhydrase I had similar patterns of Digital Evaluation Score System scores and may serve as potential genes of interest during the course of AECOPD. CONCLUSION Thus, our findings indicate a panel of altered gene expression patterns in PBMCs that can be used as AECOPD-specific dynamic biomarkers to monitor the course of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Rd. No180, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University and The First Hospital, Nanbaixiang, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University and The First Hospital, Nanbaixiang, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Respiratory Research Medicine, Fenglin Rd. No 180, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University and The First Hospital, Nanbaixiang, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Respiratory Research Medicine, Fenglin Rd. No 180, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Schild F, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Palencia A, Cobessi D, Sarret G, Zubieta C, Jourdain A, Dumas R, Forge V, Testemale D, Bourguignon J, Hugouvieux V. Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the selenium-binding and reducing site in Arabidopsis thaliana homologue to mammals selenium-binding protein 1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31765-31776. [PMID: 25274629 PMCID: PMC4231655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), present in almost all organisms, has not yet been established. In mammals, SBP1 is known to bind the essential element selenium but the binding site has not been identified. In addition, the SBP family has numerous potential metal-binding sites that may play a role in detoxification pathways in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSBP1 over-expression increases tolerance to two toxic compounds for plants, selenium and cadmium, often found as soil pollutants. For a better understanding of AtSBP1 function in detoxification mechanisms, we investigated the chelating properties of the protein toward different ligands with a focus on selenium using biochemical and biophysical techniques. Thermal shift assays together with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that AtSBP1 binds selenium after incubation with selenite (SeO3(2-)) with a ligand to protein molar ratio of 1:1. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry and revealed an unexpectedly large value of binding enthalpy suggesting a covalent bond between selenium and AtSBP1. Titration of reduced Cys residues and comparative mass spectrometry on AtSBP1 and the purified selenium-AtSBP1 complex identified Cys(21) and Cys(22) as being responsible for the binding of one selenium. These results were validated by site-directed mutagenesis. Selenium K-edge x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy performed on the selenium-AtSBP1 complex demonstrated that AtSBP1 reduced SeO3(2-) to form a R-S-Se(II)-S-R-type complex. The capacity of AtSBP1 to bind different metals and selenium is discussed with respect to the potential function of AtSBP1 in detoxification mechanisms and selenium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Schild
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359
| | - Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Echelle, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrés Palencia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France and Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Université Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 France
| | - David Cobessi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Géraldine Sarret
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS & IRD, ISTerre, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Chloé Zubieta
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359
| | - Agnès Jourdain
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359
| | - Vincent Forge
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France, and
| | - Denis Testemale
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Bourguignon
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359
| | - Véronique Hugouvieux
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5168, INRA USC1359,.
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Chana G, Bousman CA, Money TT, Gibbons A, Gillett P, Dean B, Everall IP. Biomarker investigations related to pathophysiological pathways in schizophrenia and psychosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:95. [PMID: 23805071 PMCID: PMC3693064 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-mortem brain investigations of schizophrenia have generated swathes of data in the last few decades implicating candidate genes and protein. However, the relation of these findings to peripheral biomarker indicators and symptomatology remain to be elucidated. While biomarkers for disease do not have to be involved with underlying pathophysiology and may be largely indicative of diagnosis or prognosis, the ideal may be a biomarker that is involved in underlying disease processes and which is therefore more likely to change with progression of the illness as well as potentially being more responsive to treatment. One of the main difficulties in conducting biomarker investigations for major psychiatric disorders is the relative inconsistency in clinical diagnoses between disorders such as bipolar and schizophrenia. This has led some researchers to investigate biomarkers associated with core symptoms of these disorders, such as psychosis. The aim of this review is to evaluate the contribution of post-mortem brain investigations to elucidating the pathophysiology pathways involved in schizophrenia and psychosis, with an emphasis on major neurotransmitter systems that have been implicated. This data will then be compared to functional neuroimaging findings as well as findings from blood based gene expression investigations in schizophrenia in order to highlight the relative overlap in pathological processes between these different modalities used to elucidate pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In addition we will cover some recent and exciting findings demonstrating microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in both the blood and the brain in patients with schizophrenia. These changes are pertinent to the topic due to their known role in post-transcriptional modification of gene expression with the potential to contribute or underlie gene expression changes observed in schizophrenia. Finally, we will discuss how post-mortem studies may aid future biomarker investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Chana
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Kékesi KA, Juhász G, Simor A, Gulyássy P, Szegő EM, Hunyadi-Gulyás E, Darula Z, Medzihradszky KF, Palkovits M, Penke B, Czurkó A. Altered functional protein networks in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of victims of suicide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50532. [PMID: 23272063 PMCID: PMC3516509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing molecular brain mechanisms related to increased suicide risk is an important issue in biological psychiatry research. Gene expression studies on post mortem brains indicate extensive changes prior to a successful suicide attempt; however, proteomic studies are scarce. Thus, we performed a DIGE proteomic analysis of post mortem tissue samples from the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of suicide victims to identify protein changes and biomarker candidates of suicide. Among our matched spots we found 46 and 16 significant differences in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, respectively; by using the industry standard t test and 1.3 fold change as cut off for significance. Because of the risk of false discoveries (FDR) in these data, we also made FDR adjustment by calculating the q-values for all the t tests performed and by using 0.06 and 0.4 as alpha thresholds we reduced the number of significant spots to 27 and 9 respectively. From these we identified 59 proteins in the cortex and 11 proteins in the amygdala. These proteins are related to biological functions and structures such as metabolism, the redox system, the cytoskeleton, synaptic function, and proteolysis. Thirteen of these proteins (CBR1, DPYSL2, EFHD2, FKBP4, GFAP, GLUL, HSPA8, NEFL, NEFM, PGAM1, PRDX6, SELENBP1 and VIM,) have already been suggested to be biomarkers of psychiatric disorders at protein or genome level. We also pointed out 9 proteins that changed in both the amygdala and the cortex, and from these, GFAP, INA, NEFL, NEFM and TUBA1 are interacting cytoskeletal proteins that have a functional connection to glutamate, GABA, and serotonin receptors. Moreover, ACTB, CTSD and GFAP displayed opposite changes in the two examined brain structures that might be a suitable characteristic for brain imaging studies. The opposite changes of ACTB, CTSD and GFAP in the two brain structures were validated by western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Kumarasinghe N, Tooney PA, Schall U. Finding the needle in the haystack: a review of microarray gene expression research into schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2012; 46:598-610. [PMID: 22441207 DOI: 10.1177/0004867412442405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an estimated 80% heritability, molecular genetic research into schizophrenia has remained inconclusive. Recent large-scale, genome-wide association studies only identified a small number of susceptibility genes with individually very small effect sizes. However, the variable expression of the phenotype is not well captured in diagnosis-based research as well as when assuming a 'heterogenic risk model' (as apposed to a monogenic or polygenic model). Hence, the expression of susceptibility genes in response to environmental factors in concert with other disease-promoting or protecting genes has increasingly attracted attention. METHOD The current review summarises findings of microarray gene expression research with relevance to schizophrenia as they emerged over the past decade. RESULTS Most findings from post mortem, peripheral tissues and animal models to date have linked altered gene expression in schizophrenia to presynaptic function, signalling, myelination, neural migration, cellular immune mechanisms, and response to oxidative stress consistent with multiple small effects of many individual genes. However, the majority of results are difficult to interpret due to small sample sizes (i.e. potential type-2 errors), confounding factors (i.e. medication effects) or lack of plausible neurobiological theory. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, microarray gene expression research is likely to play an important role in the future when investigating gene/gene and gene/environment interactions by adopting a neurobiologically sound theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishantha Kumarasinghe
- Priority Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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20
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Vawter MP, Mamdani F, Macciardi F. An integrative functional genomics approach for discovering biomarkers in schizophrenia. Brief Funct Genomics 2011; 10:387-99. [PMID: 22155586 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elr036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder resulting from both genetic and environmental causes with a lifetime prevalence world-wide of 1%; however, there are no specific, sensitive and validated biomarkers for SZ. A general unifying hypothesis has been put forward that disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) are more likely to be associated with gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). We will describe this hypothesis and review primary methodology with refinements for testing this paradigmatic approach in SZ. We will describe biomarker studies of SZ and testing enrichment of SNPs that are associated both with eQTLs and existing GWAS of SZ. SZ-associated SNPs that overlap with eQTLs can be placed into gene-gene expression, protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction networks. Further, those networks can be tested by reducing/silencing the gene expression levels of critical nodes. We present pilot data to support these methods of investigation such as the use of eQTLs to annotate GWASs of SZ, which could be applied to the field of biomarker discovery. Those networks that have association with SNP markers, especially cis-regulated expression, might lead to a more clear understanding of important candidate genes that predispose to disease and alter expression. This method has general application to many complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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Dean B. Dissecting the Syndrome of Schizophrenia: Progress toward Clinically Useful Biomarkers. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:614730. [PMID: 22937270 PMCID: PMC3420453 DOI: 10.1155/2011/614730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for clinically useful biomarkers has been one of the holy grails of schizophrenia research. This paper will outline the evolving notion of biomarkers and then outline outcomes from a variety of biomarkers discovery strategies. In particular, the impact of high-throughput screening technologies on biomarker discovery will be highlighted and how new or improved technologies may allow the discovery of either diagnostic biomarkers for schizophrenia or biomarkers that will be useful in determining appropriate treatments for people with the disorder. History tells those involved in biomarker research that the discovery and validation of useful biomarkers is a long process and current progress must always be viewed in that light. However, the approval of the first biomarker screen with some value in predicting responsiveness to antipsychotic drugs suggests that biomarkers can be identified and that these biomarkers that will be useful in diagnosing and treating people with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- The Rebecca L. Cooper Research Laboratories, The Mental Health Research Institute, Locked bag 11, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Teyssier JR, Ragot S, Chauvet-Gélinier JC, Trojak B, Bonin B. Expression of oxidative stress-response genes is not activated in the prefrontal cortex of patients with depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186:244-7. [PMID: 20800905 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that the oxidative stress consistently detected in the peripheral blood of patients with depressive disorder impacts on the functionally relevant brain region, the expression level of nine major genes of the stress response and repair systems has been quantified in the prefrontal cortex of 24 depressive and 12 control subjects. These genes were: superoxide dismutase (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT), gluthatione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), nei-like 1 (NEIL1), methionine sulphoxide reductase A (MSRA), telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2) and C-FOS. Telomere length (a maker of chronic exposure to oxidative stress) has been measured in the DNA of the occipital cortex. No significant difference has been found between the compared groups. It must be concluded that the pathogenic role of the oxidative stress in the cerebral mechanism of depression cannot be inferred from the alteration of peripheral parameters.
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Psychotic features in major depressive disorder are not associated with changes in expression of psychosis related genes in the prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186:156-7. [PMID: 20643484 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Woelk CH, Singhania A, Pérez-Santiago J, Glatt SJ, Tsuang MT. The utility of gene expression in blood cells for diagnosing neuropsychiatric disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2011; 101:41-63. [PMID: 22050848 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387718-5.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective diagnostic tools are required for neuropsychiatric disorders. Gene expression in blood cells may provide such a tool and has already been used to construct classifiers capable of diagnosing many human diseases. This chapter discusses the use of microarray gene expression data to construct diagnostic classifiers for neuropsychiatric disorders. The potential pitfalls of microarray gene expression analysis and the experimental design and methods suitable for classifier construction are described in detail. A review of studies that have analyzed gene expression in blood cells from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders is presented with an emphasis on the feasibility of generating a diagnostic classifier for schizophrenia. Finally, the future directions of the field are discussed with respect to using blood gene expression to tailor antipsychotic medications to individual patients, applying microRNA expression for diagnostic purposes, as well as the implications of next-generation sequencing technologies for gene expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Woelk
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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O'Connell G, Lawrie SM, McIntosh AM, Hall J. Schizophrenia risk genes: Implications for future drug development and discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 81:1367-73. [PMID: 21093417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Present-day development of improved treatments for schizophrenia is hindered by uncertain models of disease, inter-individual response variability in clinical trials and a paucity of sensitive measures of treatment effects. Findings from genetic research emphasize the potential for schizophrenia risk genes to help develop focused treatments, discover new drug targets and provide markers of clinical subtypes. Advances in genetic technologies also provide novel modes of drug discovery in schizophrenia such as transcriptomics, epigenetics and transgenic animal models. In this review, we discuss proven and proposed ways risk genes can be used to enhance the development and discovery of treatments for schizophrenia and highlight key studies in these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret O'Connell
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Amar S, Ovadia O, Maier W, Ebstein R, Belmaker RH, Mishmar D, Agam G. Copy number variation of the SELENBP1 gene in schizophrenia. Behav Brain Funct 2010; 6:40. [PMID: 20615253 PMCID: PMC2915948 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia is associated with rare copy-number (CN) mutations. Screening for such alleles genome-wide, though comprehensive, cannot study in-depth the causality of particular loci, therefore cannot provide the functional interpretation for the disease etiology. We hypothesized that CN mutations in the SELENBP1 locus could associate with the disorder and that these mutations could alter the gene product's activity in patients. Methods We analyzed SELENBP1 CN variation (CNV) in blood DNA from 49 schizophrenia patients and 49 controls (cohort A). Since CN of genes may vary among tissues, we investigated SELENBP1 CN in age- sex- and postmortem interval-matched cerebellar DNA samples from 14 patients and 14 controls (cohort B). Since CNV may either be de-novo or inherited we analyzed CNV of the SELENBP1 locus in blood DNA from 26 trios of schizophrenia probands and their healthy parents (cohort C). SELENBP1 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR. Results In cohort A reduced CN of the SELENBP1 locus was found in four patients but in none of the controls. In cohort B we found reduced CN of the SELENBP1 locus in two patients but in none of the controls. In cohort C three patients exhibited drastic CN reduction, not present in their parents, indicating de-novo mutation. A reduction in SELENBP1 mRNA levels in the postmortem cerebellar samples of schizophrenia patients was found. Conclusions We report a focused study of CN mutations in the selenium binding-protein1 (SELENBP1) locus previously linked with schizophrenia. We provide evidence for recurrence of decreased CN of the SELENBP1 locus in three unrelated patients' cohorts but not in controls, raising the possibility of functional involvement of these mutations in the etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Amar
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, and Mental Health Center, Beersheva, Israel
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Goldstein JM, Buka SL, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT. Specificity of familial transmission of schizophrenia psychosis spectrum and affective psychoses in the New England family study's high-risk design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:458-67. [PMID: 20439827 DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT There is a long history of research on the familial transmission of schizophrenia and other psychoses. However, few studies have investigated the specificity of the transmission of schizophrenia-psychosis spectrum (SPS) disorders and affective psychoses (APs) or observed high-risk offspring into mid-adulthood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the transmission of psychoses from parents to their offspring and the specificity of transmission across psychosis subtypes. DESIGN High-risk follow-up study. SETTING New England Family Study's High-Risk Study, with population-based community sampling from Boston, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island. PARTICIPANTS A total of 203 high-risk offspring of 159 parents with diagnoses of psychoses (SPS and AP) and 147 control offspring of 114 control parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Systematically assessed research DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses for adult offspring. RESULTS Compared with those of control parents, offspring of parents with SPS had a significant, almost 6-fold elevated risk of SPS disorders and a nonsignificant doubling of risk for AP. Offspring of parents with AP had a significant 14-fold elevated risk for AP compared with offspring of controls; for SPS disorders, the risk doubled but was not significant. CONCLUSION Having a parent with psychosis significantly increased the risk for psychosis among offspring and demonstrated specificity for the transmission of SPS disorders and APs within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Goldstein
- Division of Women's Health, Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health & Gender Biology, and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02120, USA.
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Lavebratt C, Sjöholm LK, Soronen P, Paunio T, Vawter MP, Bunney WE, Adolfsson R, Forsell Y, Wu JC, Kelsoe JR, Partonen T, Schalling M. CRY2 is associated with depression. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9407. [PMID: 20195522 PMCID: PMC2827563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities in the circadian clockwork often characterize patients with major depressive and bipolar disorders. Circadian clock genes are targets of interest in these patients. CRY2 is a circadian gene that participates in regulation of the evening oscillator. This is of interest in mood disorders where a lack of switch from evening to morning oscillators has been postulated. Principal Findings We observed a marked diurnal variation in human CRY2 mRNA levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a significant up-regulation (P = 0.020) following one-night total sleep deprivation, a known antidepressant. In depressed bipolar patients, levels of CRY2 mRNA were decreased (P = 0.029) and a complete lack of increase was observed following sleep deprivation. To investigate a possible genetic contribution, we undertook SNP genotyping of the CRY2 gene in two independent population-based samples from Sweden (118 cases and 1011 controls) and Finland (86 cases and 1096 controls). The CRY2 gene was significantly associated with winter depression in both samples (haplotype analysis in Swedish and Finnish samples: OR = 1.8, P = 0.0059 and OR = 1.8, P = 0.00044, respectively). Conclusions We propose that a CRY2 locus is associated with vulnerability for depression, and that mechanisms of action involve dysregulation of CRY2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Lavebratt
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Segman RH, Goltser-Dubner T, Weiner I, Canetti L, Galili-Weisstub E, Milwidsky A, Pablov V, Friedman N, Hochner-Celnikier D. Blood mononuclear cell gene expression signature of postpartum depression. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:93-100, 2. [PMID: 19581911 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children (Genesis 3:16) seems as relevant today, with one of seven mothers afflicted by a depressive episode, constituting the most common medical complication after delivery. Why mothers are variably affected by mood symptoms postpartum remains unclear, and the pathogenesis and early molecular indicators of this divergent outcome have not been described. We applied a case-control design comparing differential global gene expression profiles in blood mononuclear cells sampled shortly after delivery at the time of inception of postpartum depression (PD). Nine antidepressant naive mothers showing high depressive scores and developing a persisting major depressive episode with postpartum onset were compared with 10 mothers showing low depressive scores and no depressive symptoms on prospective follow-up. A distinctive gene expression signature was observed after delivery among mothers with an emergent PD, with a significant overabundance of transcripts showing a high-fold differential expression between groups, and correlating with depressive symptom severity among all mothers. Early expression signatures correctly classified the majority of PD patients and controls. Those developing persisting PD exhibit a relative downregulation of transcription after delivery, with differential immune activation, and decreased transcriptional engagement in cell proliferation, and DNA replication and repair processes. Our data provide initial evidence indicating that blood cells sampled shortly after delivery may harbor valuable prognostic information for identifying the onset of persisting PD. Some of the informative transcripts and pathways may be implicated in the differential vulnerability that underlies depression pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Segman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Davies PI, Healy D, Davies EP, Green P. Selenium and stereotypies in a mental health setting. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr07.2009.2053. [PMID: 22132019 PMCID: PMC3027968 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2009.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24-year-old man was referred with involuntary stereotypies of movement and thinking, of which he seemed unaware. On admission, comprehensive physical screening proved negative except for lowered selenium concentrations. Neuropsychological assessment revealed changes in performance on tests of attention, non-verbal reasoning and executive function consistent with his stereotypies. A review of his movements characterised them as possibly being consistent with non-paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. A low dose of sulpiride led to improvements in engagement and insight accompanied by modest reductions in movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ian Davies
- North West Wales NHS Trust, Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, Hergest Unit, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK
| | - David Healy
- Cardiff University, Psychological Medicine, Hergest Unit, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK
| | - Edward P Davies
- Ty Llewelyn, Nursing, Ysbyty Bryn Y Neuadd, Llanfairfechan, Llanfairfechan LL33 0HH, UK
| | - Paul Green
- North West Wales NHS Trust, Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, Hergest Unit, Ysbyty Gwynedd, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PW, UK
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Glatt SJ, Chandler SD, Bousman CA, Chana G, Lucero GR, Tatro E, May T, Lohr JB, Kremen WS, Everall IP, Tsuang MT. Alternatively Spliced Genes as Biomarkers for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Psychosis: A Blood-Based Spliceome-Profiling Exploratory Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 7:164-188. [PMID: 21532980 DOI: 10.2174/1875692110907030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transcriptomic biomarkers of psychiatric diseases obtained from a query of peripheral tissues that are clinically accessible (e.g., blood cells instead of post-mortem brain tissue) have substantial practical appeal to discern the molecular subtypes of common complex diseases such as major psychosis. To this end, spliceome-profiling is a new methodological approach that has considerable conceptual relevance for discovery and clinical translation of novel biomarkers for psychiatric illnesses. Advances in microarray technology now allow for improved sensitivity in measuring the transcriptome while simultaneously querying the "exome" (all exons) and "spliceome" (all alternatively spliced variants). The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of spliceome-profiling to discern transcriptomic biomarkers of psychosis. METHODS: We measured exome and spliceome expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 schizophrenia patients, nine bipolar disorder patients, and eight healthy control subjects. Each diagnostic group was compared to each other, and the combined group of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients was also compared to the control group. Furthermore, we compared subjects with a history of psychosis to subjects without such history. RESULTS: After applying Bonferroni corrections for the 21,866 full-length gene transcripts analyzed, we found significant interactions between diagnostic group and exon identity, consistent with group differences in rates or types of alternative splicing. Relative to the control group, 18 genes in the bipolar disorder group, eight genes in the schizophrenia group, and 15 genes in the combined bipolar disorder and schizophrenia group appeared differentially spliced. Importantly, thirty-three genes showed differential splicing patterns between the bipolar disorder and schizophrenia groups. More frequent exon inclusion and/or over-expression was observed in psychosis. Finally, these observations are reconciled with an analysis of the ontologies, the pathways and the protein domains significantly over-represented among the alternatively spliced genes, several of which support prior discoveries. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first blood-based spliceome-profiling study of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to be reported. The battery of alternatively spliced genes and exons identified in this discovery-oriented exploratory study, if replicated, may have potential utility to discern the molecular subtypes of psychosis. Spliceome-profiling, as a new methodological approach in transcriptomics, warrants further work to evaluate its utility in personalized medicine. Potentially, this approach could also permit the future development of tissue-sampling methodologies in a form that is more acceptable to patients and thereby allow monitoring of dynamic and time-dependent plasticity in disease severity and response to therapeutic interventions in clinical psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Glatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Medical Genetics Research Center; SUNY Upstate Medical University; 750 East Adams Street; Syracuse, NY, 13210; USA
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Kanazawa T, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Hwu HG, Yoneda H, Tsuang MT. Family-based association study of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009; 113:268-72. [PMID: 19596560 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The SELENBP1 gene previously was found to be up-regulated in microarray analysis of both peripheral blood cell and brain tissue samples from schizophrenia patients. Quantitative PCR analysis subsequently corroborated the altered expression of SELENBP1 in schizophrenia brain tissue samples from the Stanley Array Correction. The aim of this study was to extend those findings by employing family-based association methods to a sample of over 2400 individuals (including 1214 individuals affected by schizophrenia) of Han Chinese descent living in Taiwan. One of four haplotype-tagging SNPs and two different two-marker haplotypes showed nominally significant evidence for association with schizophrenia under an additive model, suggesting that genetic variation in SELENBP1 may influence risk for the disorder, while this significance did not remain when other inheritance models were considered. Further comprehensive analysis with other SNPs and haplotypes is needed and warranted.
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