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Takamatsu G, Yanagi K, Koganebuchi K, Yoshida F, Lee JS, Toyama K, Hattori K, Katagiri C, Kondo T, Kunugi H, Kimura R, Kaname T, Matsushita M. Haplotype phasing of a bipolar disorder pedigree revealed rare multiple mutations of SPOCD1 gene in the 1p36-35 susceptibility locus. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:96-105. [PMID: 35504398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is poorly understood. Considering the complexity of BD, pedigree-based sequencing studies focusing on haplotypes at specific loci may be practical to discover high-impact risk variants. This study comprehensively examined the haplotype sequence at 1p36-35 BD and recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) susceptibility loci. METHODS We surveyed BD families in Okinawa, Japan. We performed linkage analysis and determined the phased sequence of the affected haplotype using whole genome sequencing. We filtered rare missense variants on the haplotype. For validation, we conducted a case-control genetic association study on approximately 3000 Japanese subjects. RESULTS We identified a three-generation multiplex pedigree with BD and RDD. Strikingly, we identified a significant linkage with mood disorders (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 3.61) at 1p36-35, supported in other ancestry studies. Finally, we determined the entire sequence of the 6.4-Mb haplotype shared by all affected subjects. Moreover, we found a rare triplet of missense variants in the SPOCD1 gene on the haplotype. Notably, despite the rare frequency, one heterozygote with multiple SPOCD1 variants was identified in an independent set of 88 BD type I genotyping samples. LIMITATIONS The 1p36-35 sequence was obtained from only a single pedigree. The replicate sample was small. Short-read sequencing might miss structural variants. A polygenic risk score was not analyzed. CONCLUSION The 1p36-35 haplotype sequence may be valuable for future BD variant studies. In particular, SPOCD1 is a promising candidate gene and should be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuya Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kae Koganebuchi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kanako Toyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioresources, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Katagiri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Department of Synbiotics, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kondo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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da Motta C, Pato MT, Barreto Carvalho C, Castilho P. The neurocognitive and functional profile of schizophrenia in a genetically homogenous European sample. Psychiatry Res 2021; 304:114140. [PMID: 34340130 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex heritable brain disorder that entails significant social, neurocognitive, and functional deficits, and significant psychosocial challenges to affected and unaffected family members. In this cross-sectional study, we explore impairments in specific neurocognitive and social cognition processes in patients affected with schizophrenia, unaffected relatives, and in controls to provide a characterization of a genetically homogenous European sample from an endophenotypic and functional standpoint. A sample of 38 affected patients, 28 first-degree relatives, and 97 controls performed a series of computerized and skills-based assessments. Samples were compared across several neurocognitive, social, and functional domains. Significant impairments in episodic memory, executive function, social cognition, complex cognition, sensorimotor domains were found in patients and first-degree relatives. Findings also showed increased processing speed in memory and other complex cognitive processes relevant to autonomous living. A discriminant function analysis yielded 2 functions allowing 79% of correct group classifications based on social cognition and functional skills, neurocognition, and age. The study highlights the importance of resourcing to wide-ranging assessment methodologies, of developing research efforts to further understand the decline of social and neurocognitive processes, and the need for designing more targeted intervention strategies to be implemented both with affected patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina da Motta
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Lusófona University, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-Lab); Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Michele T Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States
| | - Célia Barreto Carvalho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Human sciences, University of Azores, Azores, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Michaelovsky E, Carmel M, Frisch A, Salmon-Divon M, Pasmanik-Chor M, Weizman A, Gothelf D. Risk gene-set and pathways in 22q11.2 deletion-related schizophrenia: a genealogical molecular approach. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:15. [PMID: 30710087 PMCID: PMC6358611 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion is a strong, but insufficient, "first hit" genetic risk factor for schizophrenia (SZ). We attempted to identify "second hits" from the entire genome in a unique multiplex 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) family. Bioinformatic analysis of whole-exome sequencing and comparative-genomic hybridization array identified de novo and inherited, rare and damaging variants, including copy number variations, outside the 22q11.2 region. A specific 22q11.2-haplotype was associated with psychosis. The interaction of the identified "second hits" with the 22q11.2 haploinsufficiency may affect neurodevelopmental processes, including neuron projection, cytoskeleton activity, and histone modification in 22q11.2DS-ralated psychosis. A larger load of variants, involved in neurodevelopment, in combination with additional molecular events that affect sensory perception, olfactory transduction and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling may account for the development of 22q11.2DS-related SZ. Comprehensive analysis of multiplex families is a promising approach to the elucidation of the molecular pathophysiology of 22q11.2DS-related SZ with potential relevance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michaelovsky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Miri Carmel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Metsada Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Xue CB, Xu ZH, Zhu J, Wu Y, Zhuang XH, Chen QL, Wu CR, Hu JT, Zhou HS, Xie WH, Yi X, Yu SS, Peng ZY, Yang HM, Hong XH, Chen JH. Exome Sequencing Identifies TENM4 as a Novel Candidate Gene for Schizophrenia in the SCZD2 Locus at 11q14-21. Front Genet 2018; 9:725. [PMID: 30745909 PMCID: PMC6360184 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with high genetic heterogeneity, however, the contribution of rare mutations to the disease etiology remains to be further elucidated. We herein performed exome sequencing in a Han Chinese schizophrenia family and identified a missense mutation (c.6724C>T, p.R2242C) in the teneurin transmembrane protein 4 (TENM4) gene in the SCZD2 locus, a region previously linked to schizophrenia at 11q14-21. The mutation was confirmed to co-segregate with the schizophrenia phenotype in the family. Subsequent investigation of TENM4 exons 31, 32, and 33 adjacent to the p.R2242C mutation revealed two additional missense mutations in 120 sporadic schizophrenic patients. Residues mutated in these mutations, which are predicted to be deleterious to protein function, were highly conserved among vertebrates. These rare mutations were not detected in 1000 Genomes, NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project databases, or our in-house 1136 non-schizophrenic control exomes. Analysis of RNA-Seq data showed that TENM4 is expressed in the brain with high abundance and specificity. In line with the important role of TENM4 in central nervous system development, our findings suggested that increased rare variants in TENM4 could be associated with schizophrenia, and thus TENM4 could be a novel candidate gene for schizophrenia in the SCZD2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Biao Xue
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Zhou-Heng Xu
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shenzhen Kang Ning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xi-Hang Zhuang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qu-Liang Chen
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cai-Ru Wu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jin-Tao Hu
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hou-Shi Zhou
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Wei-Hang Xie
- Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Beijing Genomics Institute – Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yu
- Beijing Genomics Institute – Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Peng
- Beijing Genomics Institute – Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiao-Hong Hong
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Hong, Jian-Huan Chen,
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Hong, Jian-Huan Chen,
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Volk DW, Sampson AR, Zhang Y, Edelson JR, Lewis DA. Cortical GABA markers identify a molecular subtype of psychotic and bipolar disorders. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2501-12. [PMID: 27328999 PMCID: PMC5584051 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuron-related markers, including the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67, the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, the neuropeptide somatostatin, and the transcription factor Lhx6, are most pronounced in a subset of schizophrenia subjects identified as having a 'low GABA marker' (LGM) molecular phenotype. Furthermore, schizophrenia shares degrees of genetic liability, clinical features and cortical circuitry abnormalities with schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Therefore, we determined the extent to which a similar LGM molecular phenotype may also exist in subjects with these disorders. METHOD Transcript levels for GAD67, parvalbumin, somatostatin, and Lhx6 were quantified using quantitative PCR in prefrontal cortex area 9 of 184 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 39), schizoaffective disorder (n = 23) or bipolar disorder (n = 35), or with a confirmed absence of any psychiatric diagnoses (n = 87). A blinded clustering approach was employed to determine the presence of a LGM molecular phenotype across all subjects. RESULTS Approximately 49% of the subjects with schizophrenia, 48% of the subjects with schizoaffective disorder, and 29% of the subjects with bipolar disorder, but only 5% of unaffected subjects, clustered in the cortical LGM molecular phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the characterization of psychotic and bipolar disorders by cortical molecular phenotype which may help elucidate more pathophysiologically informed and personalized medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Volk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Allan R. Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jessica R. Edelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H. Fanous
- Mental Health Service Line, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC;,Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; 50 Irving Street, NW Washington, DC 20422, US; tel: 202-745-8000 ext. 5-6553; fax: 202-518-4645; e-mail:
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Bigdeli TB, Maher BS, Zhao Z, Sun J, Medeiros H, Akula N, McMahon FJ, Carvalho C, Ferreira SR, Azevedo MH, Knowles JA, Pato MT, Pato CN, Fanous AH. Association study of 83 candidate genes for bipolar disorder in chromosome 6q selected using an evidence-based prioritization algorithm. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:898-906. [PMID: 24123842 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior genome-scans of bipolar disorder have revealed chromosome 6q22 as a promising candidate region. However, linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping studies have yet to identify replicated susceptibility loci. METHODS We analyzed 1,422 LD-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 83 genes to test single-marker and locus-wide evidence of association with bipolar disorder in the NIMH Genetics Initiative bipolar pedigrees and the Portuguese Island Collection (PIC) (N = 1,093 in 528 informative pairs). Both studies previously demonstrated significant evidence of linkage to 6q. SNPs were genotyped using an Illumina iSelect genotyping array which employs the Infinium assay. Evidence of single-marker association was assessed using the generalized disequilibrium test (GDT). Empirical estimates of gene-wide significance were obtained by permutation (via 100,000 gene-dropping simulations) of Fisher's combined test of P-values for each locus. RESULTS No single variant yielded significant experiment-wide evidence of association, for either the combined sample or in each subsample. Our gene-dropping simulations identified nominally significant gene-wide associations with multiple loci, of which NT5DC1 in the NIMH subsample and CCNC in the PIC were the strongest candidates. However, no one gene consistently exceeded empirical significance criteria in both independent samples or survived Bonferroni correction for the number of genes tested. CONCLUSIONS Using a gene-based approach to family-based association, we identified gene-wide associations with several genes, though no single locus was significantly associated with bipolar disorder in both cohorts. This suggests that chromosome 6q may harbor multiple susceptibility loci or that complex patterns of LD in this region may confound approaches based on common SNPs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bernard Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Pato MT, Sobell JL, Medeiros H, Abbott C, Skar B, Buckley PF, Bromet EJ, Escamilla MA, Fanous AH, Lehrer DS, Macciardi F, Malaspina D, McCarroll SA, Marder SR, Moran J, Morley CP, Nicolini H, Perkins DO, Purcell SM, Rapaport MH, Sklar P, Smoller JW, Knowles JA, Pato CN. The genomic psychiatry cohort: partners in discovery. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:306-12. [PMID: 23650244 PMCID: PMC3729260 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC) is a longitudinal resource designed to provide the necessary population-based sample for large-scale genomic studies, studies focusing on Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and/or other alternate phenotype constructs, clinical and interventional studies, nested case-control studies, long-term disease course studies, and genomic variant-to-phenotype studies. We provide and will continue to encourage access to the GPC as an international resource. DNA and other biological samples and diagnostic data are available through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Repository. After appropriate review and approval by an advisory board, investigators are able to collaborate in, propose, and co-lead studies involving cohort participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T. Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet L. Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Colony Abbott
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Skar
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter F. Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A. Escamilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Ayman H. Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Steve A. McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R. Marder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher P. Morley
- Departments of Family Medicine, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaun M. Purcell
- Center for Human Genome Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark H. Rapaport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos N. Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2013; 26:231-6. [PMID: 23364282 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e32835dd9de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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