1
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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yuan B, Lu D, Zhuang GL, Du P. Enantiomerically Resolvable Inherent Chirality Induced by Strong Para-Steric Hindrance in Cycloparaphenylene-Based Carbon Nanohoops. Org Lett 2024; 26:5635-5639. [PMID: 38958212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of the achiral carbon nanohoops to break the symmetry will result in inherently chiral structures with interesting optical properties. Herein, we report two novel π-extended chiral macrocycles, cyclo[10]paraphenylene-pyrene ([10]CPP-2Pyrene) and cyclo[10]paraphenylene-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene ([10]CPP-2HBC). The large substituents on the nanohoop peripheries effectively prevented free rotation and the racemization process. The conformation of each enantiomer is stable enough to be resolved by recycling HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Lin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Fan Y, He J, Guo S, Jiang H. Host-Guest Chemistry in Binary and Ternary Complexes Utilizing π-Conjugated Carbon Nanorings. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300536. [PMID: 38123532 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanorings, possessing a radial π system, have garnered significant attention primarily due to their size-dependent photophysical properties and the presence of a unique curved π-conjugated cavity. This is evidenced by the rapid proliferation of publications. Furthermore, the integration of building blocks into CPP skeletons can confer [n]CPPs with novel and exceptional photophysical and electronic characteristics, as well as chiral properties and host-guest interactions, thereby augmenting the diversity of [n]CPPs. Notably, the curved π surface structures and concave cavity of carbon nanorings enable them to host aromatic or non-aromatic guests with a complementarily curved surface, resulting in interesting binary or ternary complexes. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of literature reports on binary and ternary complexes, focusing on both their host-guest interactions and properties. It is important to note that the scope of this review is limited to host-guest chemistry in binary and ternary complexes based on π-conjugated carbon nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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4
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Lei SN, Zhu L, Xue N, Xiao X, Shi L, Wang DC, Liu Z, Guan XR, Xie Y, Liu K, Hu LR, Wang Z, Stoddart JF, Guo QH. Cyclooctatetraene-Embedded Carbon Nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402255. [PMID: 38551062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
With the prosperity of the development of carbon nanorings, certain topologically or functionally unique units-embedded carbon nanorings have sprung up in the past decade. Herein, we report the facile and efficient synthesis of three cyclooctatetraene-embedded carbon nanorings (COTCNRs) that contain three (COTCNR1 and COTCNR2) and four (COTCNR3) COT units in a one-pot Yamamoto coupling. These nanorings feature hoop-shaped segments of Gyroid (G-), Diamond (D-), and Primitive (P-) type carbon schwarzites. The conformations of the trimeric nanorings COTCNR1 and COTCNR2 are shape-persistent, whereas the tetrameric COTCNR3 possesses a flexible carbon skeleton which undergoes conformational changes upon forming host-guest complexes with fullerenes (C60 and C70), whose co-crystals may potentially serve as fullerene-based semiconducting supramolecular wires with electrical conductivities on the order of 10-7 S cm-1 (for C60⊂COTCNR3) and 10-8 S cm-1 (for C70⊂COTCNR3) under ambient conditions. This research not only describes highly efficient one-step syntheses of three cyclooctatetraene-embedded carbon nanorings which feature hoop-shaped segments of distinctive topological carbon schwarzites, but also demonstrates the potential application in electronics of the one-dimensional fullerene arrays secured by COTCNR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Lei
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuedong Xiao
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Le Shi
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Duan-Chao Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Xin-Ru Guan
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry Building, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL-60611, USA
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW-2052, Australia
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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5
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Yang J, Mao LL, Xiao H, Zhang G, Zhang S, Kang L, Lin Z, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Phenylene Nanocage with a Guest-Adaptive Deformable Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403062. [PMID: 38421901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The highly strained, phenylene-derived organic cages are typically regarded as very rigid entities, yet their deformation potential and supramolecular properties remain underexplored. Herein, we report a pliable conjugated phenylene nanocage by synergistically merging rigid and flexible building blocks. The anisotropic cage molecule contains branched phenylene chains capped by a calix[6]arene moiety, the delicate conformational changes of which endow the cage with a remarkably deformable cavity. When complexing with fullerene guests, the cage showcases excellent guest-adaptivity, with its cavity volume capable of swelling by as much as 85 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liang-Liang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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6
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Freiberger M, Frühwald S, Minameyer MB, Görling A, Drewello T. New Insights into Ring-In-Ring Complexes of [ n]Cycloparaphenylenes including the [12]Carbon Nanobelt. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9495-9501. [PMID: 37934505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular chemistry of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) is characterized by the ability of the ring system to undergo both concave and convex π-π interactions. As a consequence, ring-in-ring complexes can be formed in which the CPP serves as the host as well as the guest molecule ([n + x]CPP⊃[n]CPP). In this work, host-guest ring-in-ring complexes of [n]CPPs (n = 5-12) are investigated by means of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS2) and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Extending the experimentally known complexes with ring size differences of five and six phenyl units (x = 5 and 6), we observe complexes with ring size differences of three up to seven phenyl units (x = 3-7). Energy-resolved collision experiments reveal that the charge is mainly located at the inner ring and complexes with phenyl unit differences of five and six are the most stable. In complexes featuring the same size difference, the complex stabilities slightly increase with an increasing size of the involved [n]CPPs. Utilizing the π-extended [12]carbon nanobelt ([12]CNB) as the guest also revealed an increase in complex stability. This study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the host-guest chemistry of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Martin B Minameyer
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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7
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Griwatz JH, Kessler ML, Wegner HA. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Cycloparaphenylene Building Blocks on a Large Scale. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302173. [PMID: 37534817 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and similar nanohoops is usually based on combining building blocks to a macrocyclic precursor, which is then aromatized in the final step. Access to those building blocks in large amounts will simplify the synthesis and studies of CPPs as novel functional materials for applications. Herein, we report a continuous-flow synthesis of key CPP building blocks by using versatile synthesis techniques such as electrochemical oxidation, lithiations and Suzuki cross-couplings in self-built reactors on up-to kilogram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Griwatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mika L Kessler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Seitz P, Bhosale M, Rzesny L, Uhlmann A, Wössner JS, Wessling R, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoop Polymers based on Antiaromatic Dibenzopentalenes for Charge Storage in Organic Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306184. [PMID: 37606286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With their bent π-systems, cyclic conjugation and inherent cavities, conjugated nanohoops are attractive for organic electronics applications. For ease of processing and morphological stability, an incorporation into polymers is desirable, but to date was hampered with few exceptions by synthetic difficulties. We herein present a unique strategy for the synthesis of conjugated nanohoop polymers using a dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) as central connector. We demonstrate this versatility by synthesizing three electronically diverse copolymers with dithienyldiketo(pyrrolopyrrol), fluorene and carbazole comonomers, and report the first donor-acceptor nanohoop polymer. Optoelectronic investigations reveal the prevalence of cyclic or linear conjugation, depending on the comonomer unit, and ambipolar electrochemical properties through the antiaromatic character of the DBP units. As the first report on using conjugated nanohoops for charge storage as positive electrode materials, we show a significant improvement in battery performance in a nanohoop-containing polymer compared to an equivalent nanohoop-free reference polymer. We believe this study will pave the way for the synthesis of a diverse range of nanohoop polymers and further stimulate their exploration for charge storage in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Seitz
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manik Bhosale
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luisa Rzesny
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anselm Uhlmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Wessling
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Kamin AA, Clayton TD, Otteson CE, Gannon PM, Krajewski S, Kaminsky W, Jasti R, Xiao DJ. Synthesis and metalation of polycatechol nanohoops derived from fluorocycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9724-9732. [PMID: 37736630 PMCID: PMC10510647 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique topology and distinct physical properties, cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are attractive building blocks for new materials synthesis. While both noncovalent interactions and irreversible covalent bonds have been used to link CPP monomers into extended materials, a coordination chemistry approach remains less explored. Here we show that nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be leveraged to rapidly introduce donor groups (-OR, -SR) onto polyfluorinated CPP rings. Demethylation of methoxide-substituted CPPs produces polycatechol nanohoop ligands that are readily metalated to produce well-defined, multimetallic CPP complexes. As catechols are recurring motifs throughout coordination chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, the polycatechol nanohoops reported here open the door to new strategies for the bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise CPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn A Kamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Tara D Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Paige M Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Sebastian Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Dianne J Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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10
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Stasyuk AJ. Photoinduced electron transfer in [10]CPP⊃C60 oligomers with stable and well-defined supramolecular structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21297-21306. [PMID: 37551509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent synthesis of a new type of polymer containing conjugated cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles interconnected by a linear conjugated backbone opens up great potential of cyclic π-conjugated materials in organic photovoltaics. In this work, I report a theoretical study of the ground and excited state properties of such polymers and investigate an effect of inclusion of fullerene molecules into polymer chains. MD simulations reveal that oligomers ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)24 and ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)32 with π-extended CPPs tend to form stable, helix-like structures. I show that photoinduced electron transfer from the CPP-based polymer to C60 fullerene is favorable and occurs on a nanosecond time scale. The hole- and excess-electron transfer rates are found to be significantly higher than the corresponding charge recombination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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11
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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12
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Application of Olefin Metathesis in the Synthesis of Carbo- and Heteroaromatic Compounds-Recent Advances. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041680. [PMID: 36838666 PMCID: PMC9967038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The olefin metathesis reaction has found numerous applications in organic synthesis. This is due to a number of advantages, such as the tolerance of most functional groups and sterically demanding olefins. This article reviews recent advances in the application of the metathesis reaction, particularly the metathetic cyclization of dienes and enynes, in synthesis protocols leading to (hetero)aromatic compounds.
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13
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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14
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Wei Y, Zhou P, Chen X, Bao Q, Xie L. Research Progress on Organic Nanohoops/Nanogrids. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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15
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Bu A, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Covalent Template Strategy for All‐Benzene Catenane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209449. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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16
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Bu A, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Conjugated Covalent Template Strategy for All‐Benzene Catenane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science CHINA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials CHINA
| | - Huan Cong
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS: Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials No.29 Zhongguancun East Road 100190 Beijing CHINA
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17
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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18
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Wang L, Nagashima Y, Abekura M, Uekusa H, Konishi G, Tanaka K. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Cycloaromatization Route to Cycloparaphenylenes that Exhibit Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200064. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Masato Abekura
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Gen‐ichi Konishi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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19
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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20
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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21
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Lauer JC, Kohl B, Braun F, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Hexagonal Shape‐Persistent Nanobelt of Elongated Rhombic Symmetry with Orthogonal π‐Planes by a One‐Pot Reaction. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen C. Lauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bernd Kohl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Felix Braun
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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22
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure‐of‐Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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23
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Wössner JS, Kohn J, Wassy D, Hermann M, Grimme S, Esser B. Increased Antiaromaticity through Pentalene Connection in [ n]Cyclo-1,5-dibenzopentalenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:983-988. [PMID: 35029397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops incorporating nonalternant hydrocarbons have altered optoelectronic properties compared to [n]cycloparaphenylenes or other purely aromatic hoops. We synthesized [n]cyclo-1,5-dibenzopentalenes (n = 4, 5), in which nonalternant dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes are connected through their pentalene units. This leads to an increase in antiaromatic character and low-lying LUMO energies. Calculations show puckered or entangled conformations of the precursor macrocyclic Pt-complexes. Our study proves dibenzopentalene as a versatile nonalternant building block for conjugated nanohoops with modifiable antiaromaticity and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry (MCTC), University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry (MCTC), University of Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Esser B, Wössner JS, Hermann M. Conjugated Nanohoops with Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes as Non-alternant and Antiaromatic π-Systems. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops are excellent candidates to study structure-property relationships, as optoelectronic materials and as hosts for supramolecular chemistry. While carbon nanohoops containing aromatics are well studied, antiaromatic units had not been incorporated until recently by our group using dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP). The non-alternant electronic character of the DBP units significantly influences the optoelectronic properties of such nanohoops. We herein summarize our synthetic strategies to DBP-containing nanohoops, their structural and electronic properties, chirality and host-guest chemistry. We demonstrate how incorporating antiaromatic units leads to unique properties and opens new synthetic avenues, making such nanohoops attractive as potential electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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25
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Chen H, Shao M, Li H, Liu H, Wei WM, Zheng RH, Song M, Liu R, Lu D. Modular synthesis, racemization pathway, and photophysical properties of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The racemization pathways of asymmetrically substituted cycloparaphenylenes analysed by transition-state calculations (TS) revealed size-dependent rotation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Shao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Hengxin Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Mei Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Hui Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, P. R. China
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26
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He J, Yu M, Pang M, Fan Y, Lian Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang H. Nanosized Carbon Macrocycles Based on a Planar Chiral Pseudo Meta- [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103832. [PMID: 34962000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structural designs combining cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) backbone with planar chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) lead to optical-active chiral macrocycles with intriguing properties. X-ray crystal analysis revealed aesthetic necklace-shaped structures and size-dependent packages with long-range channels. The macrocycles exhibit unique photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82%, and the fluorescent color varies with ring size. In addition, size-dependent chiroptical properties with moderately large CPL dissymmetry factor of 10 -3 and CPL brightness in the range of 30 - 40 M -1 cm -1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Maofu Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 252100, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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27
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure-of-Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113334. [PMID: 34817926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated figure-of-eight nanohoop is presented with facile synthesis. The molecule's lemniscular skeleton features the combination of two strained oligoparaphenylene loops and a flexible cyclooctatetrathiophene core. Its rigid yet guest-adaptive cavities enable the formation of the peanut-like 1:2 host-guest complexes with C60 or C70 , which have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography and characterized in solution. Further computational studies suggest notable geometric variations and non-covalent interactions of the cavities upon binding with different fullerenes, as well as overall conjugation comparable to cycloparaphenylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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28
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Yang Y, Juríček M. Fullerene Wires Assembled Inside Carbon Nanohoops. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100468. [PMID: 34825520 PMCID: PMC9298906 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-nanohoop structures featuring one or more round-shaped cavities represent ideal supramolecular hosts for spherical fullerenes, with potential to form host-guest complexes that perform as organic semiconductors in the solid state. Due to the tight complexation between the shape-complementary hosts and guests, carbon nanohoops have the potential to shield fullerenes from water and oxygen, known to perturb the electron-transport process. Many nanohoop receptors have been found to form host-guest complexes with fullerenes. However, there is only a little or no control over the long-range order of encapsulated fullerenes in the solid state. Consequently, the potential of these complexes to perform as organic semiconductors is rarely evaluated. Herein, we present a survey of all known nanohoop-fullerene complexes, for which the solid-state structures were obtained. We discuss and propose instances where the inclusion fullerene guests form discrete supramolecular wires, which might open up possibilities for their use in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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29
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Yoshigoe Y, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Cyclic Diplatinum Complex with a Tröger's Base Ligand and Reductive Elimination of a Highly Strained Ring Molecule. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
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31
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Zhang F, Du X, Zhang D, Wang Y, Lu H, Chen C. A Green Fluorescent Nitrogen‐Doped Aromatic Belt Containing a [6]Cycloparaphenylene Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xu‐Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 China
| | - Da‐Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yin‐Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hai‐Yan Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100084 China
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32
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Wassy D, Hermann M, Wössner JS, Frédéric L, Pieters G, Esser B. Enantiopure nanohoops through racemic resolution of diketo[ n]CPPs by chiral derivatization as precursors to DBP[ n]CPPs. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10150-10158. [PMID: 34377404 PMCID: PMC8336472 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strained conjugated nanohoops are attractive synthetic targets due to the bending of their π-system, which leads to intriguing optoelectronic properties, among others. By incorporating non-mirror-symmetric aromatic panels, chiral nanohoops can be obtained. We herein present a strategy to enantiopure nanohoops by racemic resolution through chiral derivatization of diketone-embedded hoops. The resulting diketo[n]CPPs (n = 6, 7) contain two stereogenic carbon atoms each and possess high fluorescence quantum yields paired with circularly polarized luminescence. These are versatile precursors to chiral dibenzo[a,e]pentalene-based nanohoops DBP[n]CPPs with antiaromatic character and ambipolar electrochemical behavior. Due to their strained structures the DBP[n]CPPs do not racemize at room temperature, which is supported by high calculated isomerization barriers. X-ray crystallographic investigations on the DBP[n]CPPs and their precursors as well as DFT calculations provide insight into the build-up of strain energy during the synthetic transformations. Racemic resolution of diketone-embedded cycloparaphenylenes by derivatization with a chiral auxiliary provides scalable access to enantiopure hoops with chiroptical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany https://www.esser-lab.uni-freiburg.de.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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33
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. How Do Defects in Carbon Nanostructures Regulate the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Processes? The Case of Phenine Nanotubes. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1178-1186. [PMID: 33871156 PMCID: PMC8252612 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer is studied in a series of inclusion complexes of structurally modified phenine nanotubes (pNT) with C70 using the TD-DFT method. Analysis of electronic properties of the complexes shows that the electron transfer is infeasible in pNT_4d⊃C70 built on the tetrameric array of [6]cyclo-meta-phenylene ([6]CMP) units. However, replacing one or more [6]CMP units with a coronene moiety enables electron transfer from pNT to C70 . The generation of the charge separated states from the lowest locally excited states occurs on a sub-nanosecond time scale. Depending on the number of the [6]CMP units, the charge recombination rate varies from 1.8 ⋅ 107 to 3.1 ⋅ 102 s-1 , i. e., five orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia17003GironaSpain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia17003GironaSpain
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawPasteura 102-093WarsawPoland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia17003GironaSpain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de GironaC/ Maria Aurèlia17003GironaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA)08010BarcelonaSpain
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34
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. [10]CPP-Based Inclusion Complexes of Charged Fulleropyrrolidines. Effect of the Charge Location on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2021; 27:8737-8744. [PMID: 33780063 PMCID: PMC8251704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of non-covalently bound donor-acceptor dyads, consisting of C60 as the electron acceptor and cycloparaphenylene (CPP) as the electron donor, have been reported. A hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer (CT) band in polar medium has been found in [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 . To explore this anomalous effect, we study inclusion complexes [10]CPP⊃Li+ @C60 -MP, [10]CPP⊃C60 -MPH+ , and [10]CPP⊃C60 -PPyMe+ formed by fulleropyrrolidine derivatives and [10]CPP using the DFT/TDDFT approach. We show that the introduction of a positively charged fragment into fullerene stabilizes CT states that become the lowest-lying excited states. These charge-separated states can be generated by the decay of locally excited states on a nanosecond to picosecond time scale. The distance of the charged fragment to the center of the fullerenic cage and its accessibility to the solvent determine the strength of the hypsochromic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Anton J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Alexander A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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36
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Zhang F, Du XS, Zhang DW, Wang YF, Lu HY, Chen CF. A Green Fluorescent Nitrogen-Doped Aromatic Belt Containing a [6]Cycloparaphenylene Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15291-15295. [PMID: 33955656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of nitrogen-doped aromatic belts with conjugated structures still remain a challenge. Here, we report the first nitrogen-doped aromatic belt with a [6]cycloparaphenylene skeleton, which is conveniently synthesized from the easily available calix[3]carbazole. The aromatic belt has a rigid conjugated structure and deep cavity, and it can encapsulate one dichloromethane both in solution and in the solid state. Interestingly, the aromatic belt shows strong green fluorescence with a quantum yield of 0.39 and exhibits a narrow HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 2.02 eV. The belt-shaped conjugated structure composed of three carbazole subunits has specific optoelectronic properties that will promote wide applications in supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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Yang Y, Blacque O, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene-Phenalenyl Radical and Its Dimeric Double Nanohoop*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13529-13535. [PMID: 33635576 PMCID: PMC8252656 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a neutral spin-delocalized carbon-nanoring radical was achieved by integration of the open-shell phenalenyl unit into cycloparaphenylene (CPP). Spin distribution in this hydrocarbon is localized primarily on the phenalenyl segment and partially on the CPP segment as a consequence of steric and electronic effects. The resulting geometry is reminiscent of a diamond ring, with pseudo-perpendicular arrangement of the radial and the planar π-surface. The phenylene rings attached directly to the phenalenyl unit give rise to a steric effect that governs a highly selective dimerization pathway, yielding a giant double nanohoop. Its π-framework made of 158 sp2 -carbon atoms was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed a three-segment CPP-peropyrene-CPP structure. This nanocarbon shows a fluorescence profile characteristic of peropyrene, regardless of which segment gets excited. These results in conjunction with DFT suggest that adjusting the size of the CPP segments in this double nanohoop could deliver donor-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied ChemistryThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8656Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
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38
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Aromaticity of ortho and meta 8-Cycloparaphenylene and Their Dications: Induced Magnetic Field Analysis with Localized and Delocalized Orbitals in Strained Nanohoops. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:741-751. [PMID: 33620136 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dications of cycloparaphenyles ([n]CPPs) are known to exhibit in-plane global aromaticity, contained in a nanobelt structure. Recently synthesized ortho and meta isomers of [n]CPPs break the radial symmetry of π structure incorporating perpendicular oriented π orbitals. Herein we set to explore the aromaticity of neutral and dicationic ortho and meta isomers of [8]CPP by dissecting the induced magnetic field to contributions of the twofold radial/perpendicular π system using delocalized canonical molecular orbitals (CMO), and introducing the natural localized molecular orbitals (NLMO) analysis with DFT methods. The dications sustain a reduced global aromatic character of the radial π system under a perpendicular orientation of the external field which declines from ortho to meta isomer and reinforces local aromaticity of ortho ring while it destroys aromaticity of meta ring. Aromaticity variations are determined by symmetry governed rotational excitations of frontier π orbitals. The parallel orientation reveals a substantial reduction of local aromaticity verified with NICSπ analysis and electron delocalization indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Grupo de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
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39
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Rogachev AY, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Stretching [8]cycloparaphenylene with encapsulated potassium cations: structural and theoretical insights into core perturbation upon four-fold reduction and complexation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6526-6535. [PMID: 34040728 PMCID: PMC8132928 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00713k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of four-electron addition to [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP, 1) have been evaluated crystallographically, revealing a significant core deformation. The structural analysis exposes an elliptical distortion observed upon electron transfer, with the deformation parameter (D.P.) increased by 28% in comparison with neutral [8]CPP. The C-C bond length alteration pattern also indicates a quinoidal structural rearrangement upon four-fold reduction. The large internal cavity of [8]CPP4- allows the encapsulation of two {K+(THF)2} cationic moieties with two additional cations bound externally in the solid-state structure of [{K+(THF)2}4([8]CPP4-)]. The experimental structural data have been used as a benchmark for the comprehensive theoretical description of the geometric changes and electronic properties of the highly-charged [8]CPP4- nanohoop in comparison with its neutral parent. While neutral [8]CPP and the [8]CPP2- anion clearly show aromatic behavior of all six-membered rings, subsequent addition of two more electrons completely reverses their aromatic character to afford the highly-antiaromatic [8]CPP4- anion, as evidenced by structural, topological, and magnetic descriptors. The disentanglement of electron transfer from metal binding effects allowed their contributions to the overall core perturbation of the negatively-charged [8]CPP to be revealed. Consequently, the internal coordination of potassium cations is identified as the main driving force for drastic elliptic distortion of the macrocyclic framework upon reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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40
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Yang Y, Blacque O, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene–Phenalenyl Radical and Its Dimeric Double Nanohoop**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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41
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Cong H. Design and Synthesis of Paraphenylene-derived Figure-of-eight Rigid Macrocycles. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cong
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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42
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Kohn J, Seitz P, Betschart MU, Grimme S, Esser B. Chiral Dibenzopentalene‐Based Conjugated Nanohoops through Stereoselective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Philipp Seitz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Martin U. Betschart
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften University of Freiburg Albertstr. 25 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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43
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Kohn J, Seitz P, Betschart MU, Grimme S, Esser B. Chiral Dibenzopentalene-Based Conjugated Nanohoops through Stereoselective Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10680-10689. [PMID: 33596338 PMCID: PMC8252646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops allow to investigate the effect of radial conjugation and bending on the involved π-systems. They can possess unexpected optoelectronic properties and their radially oriented π-system makes them attractive for host-guest chemistry. Bending the π-subsystems can lead to chiral hoops. Herein, we report the stereoselective synthesis of two enantiomers of chiral conjugated nanohoops by incorporating dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes (DBPs), which are generated in the last synthetic step from enantiomerically pure diketone precursors. Owing to its bent shape, this diketone unit was used as the only bent precursor and novel "corner unit" in the synthesis of the hoops. The [6]DBP[4]Ph-hoops contain six antiaromatic DBP units and four bridging phenylene groups. The small HOMO-LUMO gap and ambipolar electrochemical character of the DBP units is reflected in the optoelectronic properties of the hoop. Electronic circular dichroism spectra and MD simulations showed that the chiral hoop did not racemize even when heated to 110 °C. Due to its large diameter, it was able to accommodate two C60 molecules, as binding studies indicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Seitz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin U Betschart
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero- or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15743-15766. [PMID: 32902109 PMCID: PMC9542246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last 13 years several synthetic strategies were developed that provide access to [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related conjugated nanohoops. A number of potential applications emerged, including optoelectronic devices, and their use as templates for carbon nanomaterials and in supramolecular chemistry. To tune the structural or optoelectronic properties of carbon nanohoops beyond the size‐dependent effect known for [n]CPPs, a variety of aromatic rings other than benzene were introduced. In this Review, we provide an overview of the syntheses, properties, and applications of conjugated nanohoops beyond [n]CPPs with intrinsic donor/acceptor structure or such that contain acceptor, donor, heteroaromatic or polycyclic aromatic units within the hoop as well as conjugated nanobelts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero‐ or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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Stasyuk OA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Photoinduced electron transfer in nano-Saturn complexes of fullerene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2126-2133. [PMID: 33437974 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced electron transfer is studied computationally in several Saturn-shaped inclusion complexes of carbo-aromatic rings and C60 fullerene - C72⊃C60, C96⊃C60, C120⊃C60, and C168⊃C60. Analysis of their structural and electronic properties shows that the charge separation process is efficient in C120⊃C60 and C168⊃C60 where the host molecule resembles the conjugated [24]circulene unit. In contrast, the electron transfer is not feasible in the complexes of the oligophenylene-based rings C72⊃C60 and C96⊃C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Abstract
Molecular compounds with zigzag carbon nanotube geometries are exceedingly rare. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of carbon-based nanotubes with zigzag geometry, best described as radially oriented [n]cyclo-meta-phenylenes, extending the tubularene family of compounds. By the incorporation of edge-sharing benzene rings into the tubularene's radial π-surface, we have uncovered the first step to give rise to the emergence of radial orbital distribution in zigzag nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Stasyuk AJ, Stasyuk OA, Solà M, Voityuk AA. Electron Transfer in a Li +-Doped Zn-Porphyrin-[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Junction and Charge-Separated Bands with Opposite Response to Polar Environments. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9095-9102. [PMID: 32915570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently synthesized porphyrin-cycloparaphenylene (ZnP-[10]CPP) junction is a powerful platform to develop useful organic photovoltaic devices. In this work, we computationally study photoinduced electron transfer processes in the supramolecular complex ZnP-[10]CPP⊃C60 and its Li+-doped derivative. The most striking finding is charge-separated (CS) bands in ZnP-[10]CPP⊃Li+@C60 with opposite response to solvent polarity. Besides CS bands that demonstrate a bathochromic shift, there exist CS transitions showing a rarely observed hypsochromic shift. The rates of energy transfer, charge separation, and charge recombination in the supramolecular complexes are computed by using the semiclassical approach. These estimates suggest that the both types of CS states can be efficiently populated in polar media by decay of locally excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhu K, Kamochi K, Kodama T, Tobisu M, Amaya T. Chiral cyclic [ n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9604-9610. [PMID: 34094226 PMCID: PMC8161682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings. The synthesis was accomplished by the Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling of chiral spirobifluorene building blocks. The structures of the cyclic 3-, 4-, and 5-mers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These carbon nanorings exhibited a strong violet colored emission with high quantum yields in solution (95%, 93%, and 94% for 3-, 4-, and 5-mer, respectively). Other spectroscopic properties, including their chiroptical properties, were also investigated. The g-values for circularly polarized luminescence were found to be in the order of 10−3. Characteristic spiroconjugation induced by multiple (≧3) bifluorenyl units, for example the even-odd effect of the number of units in the matching of the signs of the orbitals, was also indicated by DFT calculations. Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamochi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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