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Huang P, Arlet ME, Balasubramaniam KN, Beisner BA, Bliss-Moreau E, Brent LJN, Duboscq J, García-Nisa I, Kaburu SSK, Kendal R, Konečná M, Marty PR, McCowan B, Micheletta J, Ostner J, Schülke O, Schino G, Majolo B. Relationship between dominance hierarchy steepness and rank-relatedness of benefits in primates. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae066. [PMID: 39193469 PMCID: PMC11347755 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal social groups, the extent to which individuals consistently win agonistic interactions and their ability to monopolize resources represent 2 core aspects of their competitive regime. However, whether these two aspects are closely correlated within groups has rarely been studied. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hierarchy steepness, which is generally used to represent power differentials between group members, predicts the variation in the distribution of fitness-related benefits (i.e. fecundity, infant survival, mating success, and feeding success) in relation to individual dominance ranks. We tested this hypothesis in primate groups using comparative phylogenetic meta-analytical techniques. Specifically, we reviewed published and unpublished studies to extract data on individual dominance ranks, their access to fitness-related benefits, and hierarchy steepness. We collected and included in our analysis a total of 153 data points, representing 27 species (including 2 chimpanzee sub-species). From these, we used 4 common methods to measure individual dominance ranks and hierarchy steepness, i.e. D ij -based normalized David's scores, randomized Elo-ratings, and David's scores and Elo-ratings estimated in Bayesian frameworks. We found that hierarchy steepness had no effect on the strength of the relationship between dominance rank and access to fitness-related benefits. Our results suggest that hierarchy steepness does not reflect between-group variation in the extent to which individual dominance affects the acquisition of fitness-related benefits in primates. Although the ability to win agonistic encounters is essential, we speculate that other behavioral strategies adopted by individuals may play crucial roles in resource acquisition in animal competitive regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Huang
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln, LN5 7AY, United Kingdom
- School of Ecology, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Malgorzata E Arlet
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krishna N Balasubramaniam
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom
| | - Brianne A Beisner
- Animal Resources Division, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Duboscq
- Unité Eco‑Anthropologie (EA), UMR 7206, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Musée de l’Homme 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iván García-Nisa
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano S K Kaburu
- School of Animal, Rural & Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Kendal
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Konečná
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal R Marty
- Wildlife Park Goldau, Parkstrasse 38, CH-6410 Goldau, Switzerland
| | - Brenda McCowan
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Social Evolution in Primates Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Social Evolution in Primates Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Bonaventura Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln, LN5 7AY, United Kingdom
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2
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Ballesta S, Meunier H. Is this worth the trouble? Strategic conflict management in Tonkean macaques. iScience 2023; 26:108176. [PMID: 37915605 PMCID: PMC10616331 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflict management entails preventing and repairing damages resulting from social conflicts. While previous research has emphasized post-conflict actions like reconciliation, the understanding of how primates weigh the costs and benefits of conflict remains limited. Uncovering this hidden but fundamental aspect of conflict management requires addressing actively avoided social conflicts. In a study involving semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques, individuals were presented with social dilemmas: displacing a peer to access a preferred juice reward or opting for a peer-free but less preferred one to avoid conflict. The results showed that subjects attributed a cost to the social conflict and did not demonstrate a systematic drive to dominate. Decision modeling revealed integration of peer hierarchy and reward subjective value, with subjects' own social rank impacting the balance between these social and economic dimensions. Overall, this research highlights how primates strategically address group cohesion and peacekeeping, sometimes at the expense of personal preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Ballesta
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Primatologie de l’Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
| | - Hélène Meunier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Primatologie de l’Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
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Wakeford A, Nye JA, Grieb ZA, Voisin DA, Mun J, Huhman KL, Albers E, Michopoulos V. Sex influences the effects of social status on socioemotional behavior and serotonin neurochemistry in rhesus monkeys. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:75. [PMID: 37898775 PMCID: PMC10613371 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite observed sex differences in the prevalence of stress-related psychiatric conditions, most preclinical and translational studies have only included male subjects. Therefore, it has not been possible to effectively assess how sex interacts with other psychosocial risk factors to impact the etiology and maintenance of stress-related psychopathology. One psychosocial factor that interacts with sex to impact risk for stress-related behavioral and physiological deficits is social dominance. The current study was designed to assess sex differences in the effects of social status on socioemotional behavior and serotonin neurochemistry in socially housed rhesus monkeys. We hypothesized that sex and social status interact to influence socioemotional behaviors as well as serotonin 1A receptor binding potential (5HT1AR-BP) in regions of interest (ROIs) implicated in socioemotional behavior. METHODS Behavioral observations were conducted in gonadally intact adult female (n = 14) and male (n = 13) rhesus monkeys. 5HT1AR-BP was assessed via positron emission tomography using 4-(2'-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2"-pyridinyl)-p[18F]fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF). RESULTS Aggression emitted was greater in dominant compared to subordinate animals, regardless of sex. Submission emitted was significantly greater in subordinate versus dominant animals and greater in females than males. Affiliative behaviors emitted were not impacted by sex, status, or their interaction. Anxiety-like behavior emitted was significantly greater in females than in males regardless of social status. Hypothalamic 5HT1AR-BP was significantly greater in females than in males, regardless of social status. 5HT1AR-BP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was significantly impacted by a sex by status interaction whereby 5HT1AR-BP in the dentate gyrus was greater in dominant compared to subordinate females but was not different between dominant and subordinate males. There were no effects of sex, status, or their interaction on 5HT1AR-BP in the DRN and in the regions of the PFC studied. CONCLUSIONS These data have important implications for the treatment of stress-related behavioral health outcomes, as they suggest that sex and social status are important factors to consider in the context of serotonergic drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Wakeford
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zachary A Grieb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dené A Voisin
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiyoung Mun
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kim L Huhman
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elliott Albers
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Rincon AV, Waller BM, Duboscq J, Mielke A, Pérez C, Clark PR, Micheletta J. Higher social tolerance is associated with more complex facial behavior in macaques. eLife 2023; 12:RP87008. [PMID: 37787008 PMCID: PMC10547472 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The social complexity hypothesis for communicative complexity posits that animal societies with more complex social systems require more complex communication systems. We tested the social complexity hypothesis on three macaque species that vary in their degree of social tolerance and complexity. We coded facial behavior in >3000 social interactions across three social contexts (aggressive, submissive, affiliative) in 389 animals, using the Facial Action Coding System for macaques (MaqFACS). We quantified communicative complexity using three measures of uncertainty: entropy, specificity, and prediction error. We found that the relative entropy of facial behavior was higher for the more tolerant crested macaques as compared to the less tolerant Barbary and rhesus macaques across all social contexts, indicating that crested macaques more frequently use a higher diversity of facial behavior. The context specificity of facial behavior was higher in rhesus as compared to Barbary and crested macaques, demonstrating that Barbary and crested macaques used facial behavior more flexibly across different social contexts. Finally, a random forest classifier predicted social context from facial behavior with highest accuracy for rhesus and lowest for crested, indicating there is higher uncertainty and complexity in the facial behavior of crested macaques. Overall, our results support the social complexity hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan V Rincon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
| | - Bridget M Waller
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Interaction, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander Mielke
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter R Clark
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of LincolnLincolnUnited Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
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5
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Interrelationship among spatial cohesion, aggression rate, counter-aggression and female dominance in three lemur species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
How social and ecological factors are associated with variation in dominance style across species of animals has been studied frequently, but the underlying processes are often not addressed. Theoretical research indicates that stronger spatial cohesion among individuals in a group causes a higher frequency of fighting and, thus, through the self-reinforcing effects of winning and losing fights, a stronger differentiation of the dominance hierarchy and dominance of females over more males. Our aim in the present paper is to study whether the same interrelationship among processes may underlie differences in dominance style among three species of lemur that differ in their degree of despotism: Lemur catta, Propithecus verreauxi and Eulemur rufifrons. We investigated their agonistic interactions and spatial cohesion based on 2752 h of observational data of 20 wild groups of these three species. We determined dominance style using the proportion of counter-aggression, with a lower proportion indicating a more despotic dominance style. We found that stronger spatial cohesion among individuals is associated with a higher rate of aggression, stronger despotism and dominance of females over more males. The results of our study emphasise the general importance of spatial cohesion in determining dominance style.
Significance statement
Theoretical studies have shown that the spatial configuration of individuals in a group influences the dominance style. In an agent-based model, DomWorld, individuals are guided by simple rules of grouping and fighting and emergent patterns of behaviour switch between resembling those of despotic or egalitarian primates depending on the degree of cohesion in groups. Yet this link has seldom been studied empirically. We, therefore, examine the relevance of spatial cohesion on patterns of behaviour of individuals in groups of three species of lemur. We confirm the predictions from the model and show that stronger spatial cohesion results in more frequent aggression, a more despotic dominance style and stronger female dominance over males. In light of this, we urge future research of animal dominance to include measures of cohesion.
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6
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Clark PR, Waller BM, Agil M, Micheletta J. Crested macaque facial movements are more intense and stereotyped in potentially risky social interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210307. [PMID: 35934960 PMCID: PMC9358315 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambiguity in communicative signals may lead to misunderstandings and thus reduce the effectiveness of communication, especially in unpredictable interactions such as between closely matched rivals or those with a weak social bond. Therefore, signals used in these circumstances should be less ambiguous, more stereotyped and more intense. To test this prediction, we measured facial movements of crested macaques (Macaca nigra) during spontaneous social interaction, using the Facial Action Coding System for macaques (MaqFACS). We used linear mixed models to assess whether facial movement intensity and variability varied according to the interaction outcome, the individuals' dominance relationship and their social bond. Movements were least intense and most variable in affiliative contexts, and more intense in interactions between individuals who were closely matched in terms of dominance rating. We found no effect of social bond strength. Our findings provide evidence for a reduction in ambiguity of facial behaviour in risky social situations but do not demonstrate any mitigating effect of social relationship quality. The results indicate that the ability to modify communicative signals may play an important role in navigating complex primate social interactions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cognition, communication and social bonds in primates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Clark
- Evolution and Social Interaction Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
- Macaca Nigra Project, Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Bridget M. Waller
- Evolution and Social Interaction Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Muhammad Agil
- Macaca Nigra Project, Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Bogor, Bogor, Jawa Barat 16680, Indonesia
| | - Jerome Micheletta
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK
- Macaca Nigra Project, Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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7
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Vlaeyen JMR, Heesen R, Kret ME, Clay Z, Bionda T, Kim Y. Bared-teeth displays in bonobos (Pan paniscus): An assessment of the power asymmetry hypothesis. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23419. [PMID: 35848310 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Facial expressions are key to navigating social group life. The Power Asymmetry Hypothesis of Motivational Emancipation predicts that the type of social organization shapes the meaning of communicative displays in relation to an individual's dominance rank. The bared-teeth (BT) display represents one of the most widely observed communicative signals across primate species. Studies in macaques indicate that the BT display in despotic species is often performed unidirectionally, from low- to high-ranking individuals (signaling submission), whereas the BT display in egalitarian species is usually produced irrespective of dominance (mainly signaling affiliation and appeasement). Despite its widespread presence, research connecting BT displays to the power asymmetry hypothesis outside the Macaca genus remains scarce. To extend this knowledge, we investigated the production of BT in relation to social dominance in dyadic interactions (N = 11,377 events) of 11 captive bonobos (Pan paniscus). Although adult bonobos were more despotic than previously suggested in the literature, BT displays were produced irrespective of dominance rank. Moreover, while adults produced the BT exclusively during socio-sexual interactions, especially during periods of social tension, immature bonobos produced the BT in a wider number of contexts. As such, the results indicate that the communicative meaning of the BT display is consistent with signaling appeasement, especially in periods of social tension. Moreover, the BT display does not seem to signal social status, supporting the prediction for species with a high degree of social tolerance. These results advance our understanding of the origins of communicative signals and their relation to species' social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolinde M R Vlaeyen
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cognitive Science Comparative BioCognition, University of Osnabrück, Osnabruck, Germany
| | | | - Mariska E Kret
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zanna Clay
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | - Yena Kim
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Neumann C, Kulik L, Agil M, Engelhardt A, Widdig A. Temporal dynamics and fitness consequences of coalition formation in male primates. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212626. [PMID: 35673873 PMCID: PMC9174735 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coalition formation is one of the most striking forms of cooperation found in animals. Yet, there is substantial variation between taxa regarding the mechanisms by which coalitions can result in fitness consequences. Here, we investigate the influence of coalitions on dominance rank trajectories and subsequently on reproductive success in wild male crested macaques (Macaca nigra) at Tangkoko Nature Reserve (Sulawesi, Indonesia). We observed 128 coalition events involving 28 males and tested how a variety of coalition properties and factors related to the social environment influenced future male rank. We further used genetic paternity analysis of 19 infants conceived during the study to assess male reproductive success. Our results show that males participating in coalitions achieved higher-than-expected future ranks, while coalition targets had lower-than-expected future ranks. Additionally, all-up coalitions had stronger effects on rank than all-down and bridging coalitions, and these were modulated by the relative strength of coalition partners versus targets. Finally, higher ranking males were more likely to sire infants than lower ranking males. These results provide important insights regarding the mechanisms underlying coalition formation and support the idea that one major path by which coalitions can affect fitness is through influencing male dominance trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Neumann
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany,Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Germany,Junior Research Group of Primate Sexual Selection, Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany,Courant Research Centre ‘Evolution of Social Behaviour’, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany,Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muhammad Agil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Antje Engelhardt
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany,Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Germany,Junior Research Group of Primate Sexual Selection, Department of Reproductive Biology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany,Courant Research Centre ‘Evolution of Social Behaviour’, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Widdig
- Research Group of Primate Behavioural Ecology, Department of Human Behaviour, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany,Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Mandalaywala TM. Do nonhuman animals reason about prestige‐based status? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Mandalaywala
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA
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10
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Strauss ED, DeCasien AR, Galindo G, Hobson EA, Shizuka D, Curley JP. DomArchive: a century of published dominance data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200436. [PMID: 35000444 PMCID: PMC8743893 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominance behaviours have been collected for many groups of animals since 1922 and serve as a foundation for research on social behaviour and social structure. Despite a wealth of data from the last century of research on dominance hierarchies, these data are only rarely used for comparative insight. Here, we aim to facilitate comparative studies of the structure and function of dominance hierarchies by compiling published dominance interaction datasets from the last 100 years of work. This compiled archive includes 436 datasets from 190 studies of 367 unique groups (mean group size 13.8, s.d. = 13.4) of 135 different species, totalling over 243 000 interactions. These data are presented in an R package alongside relevant metadata and a tool for subsetting the archive based on biological or methodological criteria. In this paper, we explain how to use the archive, discuss potential limitations of the data, and reflect on best practices in publishing dominance data based on our experience in assembling this dataset. This archive will serve as an important resource for future comparative studies and will promote the development of general unifying theories of dominance in behavioural ecology that can be grounded in testing with empirical data. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli D. Strauss
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0118 USA
| | - Alex R. DeCasien
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Gabriela Galindo
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Hobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daizaburo Shizuka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0118 USA
| | - James P. Curley
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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11
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McCowan B, Vandeleest J, Balasubramaniam K, Hsieh F, Nathman A, Beisner B. Measuring dominance certainty and assessing its impact on individual and societal health in a nonhuman primate model: a network approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200438. [PMID: 35000448 PMCID: PMC8743881 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of dominance is ubiquitous across the animal kingdom, wherein some species/groups such relationships are strictly hierarchical and others are not. Modern approaches for measuring dominance have emerged in recent years taking advantage of increased computational power. One such technique, named Percolation and Conductance (Perc), uses both direct and indirect information about the flow of dominance relationships to generate hierarchical rank order that makes no assumptions about the linearity of these relationships. It also provides a new metric, known as 'dominance certainty', which is a complimentary measure to dominance rank that assesses the degree of ambiguity of rank relationships at the individual, dyadic and group levels. In this focused review, we will (i) describe how Perc measures dominance rank while accounting for both nonlinear hierarchical structure as well as sparsity in data-here we also provide a metric of dominance certainty estimated by Perc, which can be used to compliment the information dominance rank supplies; (ii) summarize a series of studies by our research team reflecting the importance of 'dominance certainty' on individual and societal health in large captive rhesus macaque breeding groups; and (iii) provide some concluding remarks and suggestions for future directions for dominance hierarchy research. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda McCowan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jessica Vandeleest
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Krishna Balasubramaniam
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fushing Hsieh
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amy Nathman
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brianne Beisner
- Colony Management Department, Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
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12
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Impact of genetic relatedness and food competition on female dominance hierarchies in a cichlid fish. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Gazes RP, Schrock AE, Leard CN, Lutz MC. Dominance and social interaction patterns in brown capuchin monkey (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) social networks. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23365. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Paxton Gazes
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Psychology Bucknell University Lewisburg Lewisburg USA
| | - Allie E. Schrock
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Corinne N. Leard
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Meredith C. Lutz
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Mathematics Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group University of California Davis California USA
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14
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Balasubramaniam KN, Beisner BA, McCowan B, Bloomsmith MA. Female social structure influences, and is influenced by, male introduction and integration success among captive rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta). BEHAVIOUR 2021; 158:1007-1042. [PMID: 36176722 PMCID: PMC9518721 DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Animal social structure is influenced by multiple socioecological factors. Of these, the links between changes to group demography through the arrival of new individuals and residents' social structure remain unclear. Across seven groups of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we examine how male introductions may be influenced by, and in-turn influence, aspects of female social structure. GLMMs revealed that males integrated more successfully into groups in which females showed more 'despotic' social structures, i.e., higher aggression rates, steeper dominance hierarchies, and greater rank-skew in allogrooming network connectedness. Yet during periods that followed males' social integration, females increased their social tolerance (decreased aggression and shallower hierarchies) and group cohesivity (less clustered allogrooming networks), but retained their tendencies to groom dominants. Our findings, independent of group size and matrilineal relatedness, help better understand how dispersal/immigration may influence social structure, and how assessing changes to social structure may inform macaque welfare and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N. Balasubramaniam
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Brianne A. Beisner
- Department of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station, Emory University, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Brenda McCowan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Mollie A. Bloomsmith
- Department of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station, Emory University, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
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15
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DeTroy SE, Haun DBM, van Leeuwen EJC. What isn't social tolerance? The past, present, and possible future of an overused term in the field of primatology. Evol Anthropol 2021; 31:30-44. [PMID: 34460130 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past four decades, the term social tolerance has been utilized to describe, explain, and predict many different aspects of primates' sociality and has been measured with a large range of traits and behaviors. To date, however, there has been little discussion on whether these different phenomena all reflect one and the same construct. This paper opens the discussion by presenting the historical development of the term social tolerance and a structured overview of its current, overextended use. We argue that social tolerance has developed to describe two distinct concepts: social tolerance as the social structure of a group and social tolerance as the dyadic or group-level manifestation of tolerant behaviors. We highlight how these two concepts are based on conflicting theoretical understandings and practical assessments. In conclusion, we present suggestions for future research on primate social tolerance, which will allow for a more systematic and comparable investigation of primate sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E DeTroy
- Department for Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Early Child Development & Department for Early Child Development and Culture, Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel B M Haun
- Department for Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Research Centre for Early Child Development & Department for Early Child Development and Culture, Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edwin J C van Leeuwen
- Behavioral Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Kavanagh E, Street SE, Angwela FO, Bergman TJ, Blaszczyk MB, Bolt LM, Briseño-Jaramillo M, Brown M, Chen-Kraus C, Clay Z, Coye C, Thompson ME, Estrada A, Fichtel C, Fruth B, Gamba M, Giacoma C, Graham KE, Green S, Grueter CC, Gupta S, Gustison ML, Hagberg L, Hedwig D, Jack KM, Kappeler PM, King-Bailey G, Kuběnová B, Lemasson A, Inglis DM, Machanda Z, MacIntosh A, Majolo B, Marshall S, Mercier S, Micheletta J, Muller M, Notman H, Ouattara K, Ostner J, Pavelka MSM, Peckre LR, Petersdorf M, Quintero F, Ramos-Fernández G, Robbins MM, Salmi R, Schamberg I, Schoof VAM, Schülke O, Semple S, Silk JB, Sosa-Lopéz JR, Torti V, Valente D, Ventura R, van de Waal E, Weyher AH, Wilke C, Wrangham R, Young C, Zanoli A, Zuberbühler K, Lameira AR, Slocombe K. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210873. [PMID: 34350023 PMCID: PMC8316807 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithne Kavanagh
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Chaucer Building, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Sally E. Street
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Felix O. Angwela
- School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, PO Box 837, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Thore J. Bergman
- Departments of Psychology, EEB, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maryjka B. Blaszczyk
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura M. Bolt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2 L 3G1
| | - Margarita Briseño-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México (UNAM), Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos No. 1003, Col. Noche Buena, Municipio de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Michelle Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, 552 University Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA
| | - Chloe Chen-Kraus
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zanna Clay
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Camille Coye
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Treliever Road, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
- Human and Animal Ethology (EthoS), University of Rennes, Normandie University, CNRS, EthoS - UMR6552, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Alejandro Estrada
- Field Research Station Los Tuxtlas, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito interior s/n, Ciudad universitaria, Delegacion coyoacan, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fichtel
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- School of Biological and Environmental Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 5, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Kirsty E. Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Samantha Green
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Africa Research and Engagement Centre, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cyril C. Grueter
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- UWA Africa Research and Engagement Centre, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shreejata Gupta
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Morgan L. Gustison
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lindsey Hagberg
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Daniela Hedwig
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Katharine M. Jack
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department Sociobiology/Anthropology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gillian King-Bailey
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Barbora Kuběnová
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Alban Lemasson
- Human and Animal Ethology (EthoS), University of Rennes, Normandie University, CNRS, EthoS - UMR6552, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - David MacGregor Inglis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Zarin Machanda
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, 5 The Green, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Andrew MacIntosh
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Bonaventura Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East LN5 7TS, UK
| | - Sophie Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stephanie Mercier
- Department of Comparative Cognition, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi 3115, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Evolutionary and Comparative Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, PO1 2DY Portsmouth, UK
- Macaca Nigra Project, Tangkoko Reserve, PO Box 1495, Bitung, Indonesia
| | - Martin Muller
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, 500 University Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hugh Notman
- Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada
| | - Karim Ouattara
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast
| | - Julia Ostner
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mary S. M. Pavelka
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Louise R. Peckre
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Megan Petersdorf
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fredy Quintero
- Department of Comparative Cognition, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Ramos-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuto Escolar 3000, C.U., 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
- UPIITA, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2580, La Laguna Ticoman, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roberta Salmi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, 355 S. Jackson Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Isaac Schamberg
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Valérie A. M. Schoof
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Biology, York University, Keele Campus, 4700, Keele Street, Toronto, ON Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Research Group Primate Social Evolution, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Ecology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stuart Semple
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Joan B. Silk
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - J. Roberto Sosa-Lopéz
- CONACYT-Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Hornos No. 1003, Col. Noche Buena, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca 71230, Mexico
| | - Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Daria Valente
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ventura
- Scottish Primate Research Group, Division of Psychology, School of Social and Health Sciences, University of Abertay Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Erica van de Waal
- Inkawu Vervet Project, Mawana Game Reserve, Swart Mfolozi 3115, South Africa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna H. Weyher
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Hicks Way #217, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Claudia Wilke
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Richard Wrangham
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christopher Young
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, Republic of South Africa
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Florida 1710, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K6T5
| | - Anna Zanoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, 5 The Green, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, South Street, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Adriano R. Lameira
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, South Street, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, University Road, Humanities Building, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Katie Slocombe
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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17
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Ballesta S, Sadoughi B, Miss F, Whitehouse J, Aguenounon G, Meunier H. Assessing the reliability of an automated method for measuring dominance hierarchy in non-human primates. Primates 2021; 62:595-607. [PMID: 33847852 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among animal societies, dominance is an important social factor that influences inter-individual relationships. However, assessing dominance hierarchy can be a time-consuming activity which is potentially impeded by environmental factors, difficulties in the recognition of animals, or disturbance of animals during data collection. Here we took advantage of novel devices, machines for automated learning and testing (MALT), designed primarily to study non-human primate cognition, to additionally measure the dominance hierarchy of a semi-free-ranging primate group. When working on a MALT, an animal can be replaced by another, which could reflect an asymmetric dominance relationship. To assess the reliability of our method, we analysed a sample of the automated conflicts with video scoring and found that 74% of these replacements included genuine forms of social displacements. In 10% of the cases, we did not identify social interactions and in the remaining 16% we observed affiliative contacts between the monkeys. We analysed months of daily use of MALT by up to 26 semi-free-ranging Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) and found that dominance relationships inferred from these interactions strongly correlated with the ones derived from observations of spontaneous agonistic interactions collected during the same time period. An optional filtering procedure designed to exclude chance-driven displacements or affiliative contacts suggests that the presence of 26% of these interactions in data sets did not impair the reliability of this new method. We demonstrate that this method can be used to assess the dynamics of both individual social status, and group-wide hierarchical stability longitudinally with minimal research labour. Further, it facilitates a continuous assessment of dominance hierarchies in captive groups, even during unpredictable environmental or challenging social events, which underlines the usefulness of this method for group management purposes. Altogether, this study supports the use of MALT as a reliable tool to automatically and dynamically assess dominance hierarchy within captive groups of non-human primates, including juveniles, under conditions in which such technology can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Ballesta
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France. .,Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France.
| | - Baptiste Sadoughi
- Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK.,Oniris - Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, Nantes, France
| | - Fabia Miss
- Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France.,Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Whitehouse
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
| | - Géraud Aguenounon
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
| | - Hélène Meunier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Primatologie, Université de Strasbourg, Niederhausbergen, France
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18
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DeTroy SE, Ross CT, Cronin KA, van Leeuwen EJ, Haun DB. Cofeeding tolerance in chimpanzees depends on group composition: a longitudinal study across four communities. iScience 2021; 24:102175. [PMID: 33733060 PMCID: PMC7940988 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Social tolerance is generally treated as a stable, species-specific characteristic. Recent research, however, has questioned this position and emphasized the importance of intraspecific variation. We investigate the temporal stability of social tolerance in four groups of sanctuary-housed chimpanzees over eight years using a commonly employed measure: experimental cofeeding tolerance. We then draw on longitudinal data on the demographic composition of each group to identify the factors associated with cofeeding tolerance. We find appreciable levels of variation in cofeeding tolerance across both groups and years that correspond closely to changes in group-level demographic composition. For example, cofeeding tolerance is lower when there are many females with young infants. These results suggest that social tolerance may be a "responding trait" of chimpanzee sociality, reflecting individual-level behavioral responses to social changes. Additional, experimental research is needed to better model the causal drivers of social tolerance within and among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. DeTroy
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Early Child Development and Culture, Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cody T. Ross
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katherine A. Cronin
- Animal Welfare Science Program, Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 1025 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edwin J.C. van Leeuwen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel B.M. Haun
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Early Child Development and Culture, Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Built to change: dominance strategy changes with life stage in a primitively eusocial bee. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Access to reproduction is determined by an individual’s dominance rank in many species and is achieved through aggression and/or dominance signaling. In eusocial insects, one or several dominant females (queens) monopolize reproduction but to what extent queens rely on aggression and signaling remains obscure. Aggression is costly and its efficiency depends on the group size, whereas signaling may reduce the risks and costs of aggression. Both strategies are used to regulate reproduction in social taxa, with aggression being more common in small social groups, compared to signaling in larger societies. Here, we examine the use of aggression and chemical signaling in a social species (Bombus impatiens) where the dominant queen interacts with increasing numbers of workers as she ages. We found that the queen’s strategy to monopolize reproduction changes with life stage, shifting from overt aggression to chemical signaling as the queen gets older. Particularly, old queens exhibited a higher ratio of short to long cuticular hydrocarbons compared to young queens, an endogenous shift that was attributed to age, as all egg-laying queens were fecund and kept with the same number of workers. Our findings contribute to the understanding of reproductive dominance in the context of an individual’s life history.
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20
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Beltrán Francés V, Castellano-Navarro A, Illa Maulany R, Ngakan PO, MacIntosh AJJ, Llorente M, Amici F. Play behavior in immature moor macaques (Macaca maura) and Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23192. [PMID: 32882065 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Play is widespread across mammalian taxa, but species strongly vary in the ways they play. In less despotic primate species (i.e., with less steep dominance hierarchies, less severe conflicts, and more reconciliation), play has been described as being more frequent, cooperative, and freely expressed. To study the link between social play and dominance style, we compared play behavior in free-ranging infants, juveniles and subadults of more despotic Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata, N = 24) and less despotic moor macaques (Macaca maura, N = 17). We found interspecific differences in play behavior that corresponded with the contrasting dominance styles of the study species, largely confirming our predictions. In particular, moor macaques spent a larger proportion of time in solitary and social play than Japanese macaques, while Japanese macaques spent a larger proportion of time in grooming interactions. In moor macaques, play sessions included more players, a larger variety of play behaviors, greater play face rates, a greater proportion of time in contact play, and a higher rate of reciprocal play-biting than in Japanese macaques. Aggressive escalations were not common, but more frequent in Japanese macaques. Finally, a higher frequency of play faces during play sessions predicted the occurrence of more reciprocal play-bites, but not the proportion of time spent in contact play behaviors. Additional studies on other groups and species will allow a better understanding of the link between dominance style and social play.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alba Castellano-Navarro
- Ethology and Animal Welfare Section, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Risma Illa Maulany
- Forestry Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Putu O Ngakan
- Forestry Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | | | - Miquel Llorente
- Facultat d'Educació i Psicologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unitat de Recerca i Etologia, Fundació Mona, Riudellots de la Selva, Spain.,Institut de Recerca i Estudis en Primatologia (IPRIM), Girona, Spain
| | - Federica Amici
- Research Group Primate Behavioral Ecology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Does rank rule? Rank-related grooming patterns in Nicobar long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis umbrosus. Primates 2020; 61:443-453. [PMID: 32108904 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Primates maintain social bonds with specific individuals in the group by directing grooming toward them. Social grooming is often targeted toward individuals with whom the most benefits can be exchanged, which are usually the high-ranking individuals. We used the Seyfarth model to investigate whether dominance rank alters the distribution of grooming in a group of Macaca fascicularis umbrosus at Great Nicobar Island. We investigated whether dominance rank predicted grooming rate in both males and females. We used social network analysis to examine whether high-ranking animals maintain a central position in the grooming network. We also investigated whether adult individuals exchange grooming for social tolerance, as indicated by physical proximity. We found that more social grooming was directed toward high-ranking females, but not high-ranking males. Social network analysis suggested that high-ranking animals are not central individuals in the distribution of grooming; rather, middle-ranking animals were major contributors to the distribution of grooming. There was no relation between the grooming rate and proximity in both males and females. Overall, our findings suggest that females prefer to direct grooming toward high-ranking partners, although the dominance hierarchy is less steep than expected for Macaca fascicularis. Thus rank-related grooming patterns may be a relatively conserved trait in this isolated island population.
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22
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Primate Infectious Disease Ecology: Insights and Future Directions at the Human-Macaque Interface. THE BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY OF THE TIBETAN MACAQUE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123869 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27920-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Global population expansion has increased interactions and conflicts between humans and nonhuman primates over shared ecological space and resources. Such ecological overlap, along with our shared evolutionary histories, makes human-nonhuman primate interfaces hot spots for the acquisition and transmission of parasites. In this chapter, we bring to light the importance of human-macaque interfaces in particular as hot spots for infectious disease ecological and epidemiological assessments. We first outline the significance and broader objectives behind research related to the subfield of primate infectious disease ecology and epidemiology. We then reveal how members of the genus Macaca, being among the most socioecologically flexible and invasive of all primate taxa, live under varying degrees of overlap with humans in anthropogenic landscapes. Thus, human-macaque interfaces may favor the bidirectional exchange of parasites. We then review studies that have isolated various types of parasites at human-macaque interfaces, using information from the Global Mammal Parasite Database (GMPD: http://www.mammalparasites.org/). Finally, we elaborate on avenues through which the implementation of both novel conceptual frameworks (e.g., Coupled Systems, One Health) and quantitative network-based approaches (e.g., social and bipartite networks, agent-based modeling) may potentially address some of the critical gaps in our current knowledge of infectious disease ecology at human-primate interfaces.
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23
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Weinberg-Wolf H, Chang SWC. Differences in how macaques monitor others: Does serotonin play a central role? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2019; 10:e1494. [PMID: 30775852 PMCID: PMC6570566 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Primates must balance the need to monitor other conspecifics to gain social information while not losing other resource opportunities. We consolidate evidence across the fields of primatology, psychology, and neuroscience to examine individual, population, and species differences in how primates, particularly macaques, monitor conspecifics. We particularly consider the role of serotonin in mediating social competency via social attention, aggression, and dominance behaviors. Finally, we consider how the evolution of variation in social tolerance, aggression, and social monitoring might be explained by differences in serotonergic function in macaques. This article is categorized under: Economics > Interactive Decision-Making Psychology > Comparative Psychology Neuroscience > Behavior Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve W C Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Sosa SO, Pelé M, Debergue É, Kuntz C, Keller B, Robic F, Siegwalt-Baudin F, Richer C, Ramos A, Sueur C. Impact of Group Management and Transfer on Individual Sociality in Highland Cattle ( Bos taurus). Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:183. [PMID: 31245398 PMCID: PMC6581677 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The sociality of cattle facilitates the maintenance of herd cohesion and synchronization, making these species the ideal choice for domestication as livestock for humans. However, livestock populations are not self-regulated, and farmers transfer individuals across different groups. Individuals consequently have to adapt to different group compositions during their lives rather than choose their own herd mates, as they would do in the wild. These changes may lead to social instability and stress, entailing potentially negative effects on animal welfare. In this study, we assess how the transfer of Highland cattle (Bos taurus) impacts individual and group social network measures. Four groups with nine different compositions and 18 individual transfers were studied to evaluate 1) the effect of group composition on individual social centralities and 2) the effect of group composition changes on these centralities. This study reveals that the relative stability of dyadic spatial relationships between changes in group composition or enclosure is due to the identities of transferred individuals more than the quantity of individuals that are transferred. Older cattle had higher network centralities than other individuals. The centrality of individuals was also affected by their sex and the number of familiar individuals in the group. This study reveals the necessity of understanding the social structure of a group to predict social instability following the transfer of individuals between groups. The developing of guidelines for the modification of group composition could improve livestock management and reduce stress for the animals concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Pelé
- Ethobiosciences, Research and Consultancy Agency in Animal Well-Being and Behaviour, Strasbourg, France
| | - Élise Debergue
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Kuntz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Blandine Keller
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Robic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Camille Richer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amandine Ramos
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
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25
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Abstract
Network analysis has driven key developments in research on animal behaviour by providing quantitative methods to study the social structures of animal groups and populations. A recent formalism, known as multilayer network analysis, has advanced the study of multifaceted networked systems in many disciplines. It offers novel ways to study and quantify animal behaviour through connected 'layers' of interactions. In this article, we review common questions in animal behaviour that can be studied using a multilayer approach, and we link these questions to specific analyses. We outline the types of behavioural data and questions that may be suitable to study using multilayer network analysis. We detail several multilayer methods, which can provide new insights into questions about animal sociality at individual, group, population and evolutionary levels of organization. We give examples for how to implement multilayer methods to demonstrate how taking a multilayer approach can alter inferences about social structure and the positions of individuals within such a structure. Finally, we discuss caveats to undertaking multilayer network analysis in the study of animal social networks, and we call attention to methodological challenges for the application of these approaches. Our aim is to instigate the study of new questions about animal sociality using the new toolbox of multilayer network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. Finn
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Silk
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, U.K
| | - Mason A. Porter
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A
| | - Noa Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A
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26
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Paschek N, Müller N, Heistermann M, Ostner J, Schülke O. Subtypes of aggression and their relation to anxiety in Barbary macaques. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:120-128. [PMID: 30318602 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human aggression can be differentiated into reactive aggression (RA), displayed in face of a real or perceived threat and associated with high levels of anxiety, and proactive aggression (PA), displayed to achieve a certain goal and linked to lower anxiety levels. To study the origins of these aggression subtypes and their relation to anxiety, we tested if both subtypes can be distinguished in a nonhuman primate species, characterized their occurrence within the study group, and examined the link between aggression subtype and anxiety. Data were collected on 29 individuals of a semi-free ranging group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) at Affenberg Salem, Germany, via focal animal (303 hr) and event sampling (1,222 agonistic events). Using a priori definitions, each aggressive event was classified as either reactive or proactive. We found both aggression types in our study population as well as individual differences in the proportion at which they occurred. The predominant use of one subtype of aggression was linked to the individual's dominance rank, age and sex, but not related to standard behavioral and physiological measures of anxiety. Our results suggest that reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression also exist in Barbary macaques, indicating a deeper evolutionary history of these aggression types observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paschek
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Nadine Müller
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Ostner
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Research Group; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
| | - Oliver Schülke
- Department of Behavioural Ecology; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Research Group; German Primate Center; Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Niedersachsen Germany
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27
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Kaburu SSK, Marty PR, Beisner B, Balasubramaniam KN, Bliss-Moreau E, Kaur K, Mohan L, McCowan B. Rates of human-macaque interactions affect grooming behavior among urban-dwelling rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 168:92-103. [PMID: 30368773 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of anthropogenic environmental changes may impose strong pressures on the behavioral flexibility of free-ranging animals. Here, we examine whether rates of interactions with humans had both a direct and indirect influence on the duration and distribution of social grooming in commensal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected in two locations in the city of Shimla in northern India: an urban setting and a temple area. We divided these two locations in a series of similar-sized physical blocks (N = 48) with varying rates of human-macaque interactions. We conducted focal observations on three free-ranging rhesus macaque groups, one in the urban area and two in the temple area. RESULTS Our analysis shows that macaques engaged in shorter grooming bouts and were more vigilant while grooming in focal sessions during which they interacted with people more frequently, suggesting that humans directly affected grooming effort and vigilance behavior. Furthermore, we found that in blocks characterized by higher rates of human-macaque interactions grooming bouts were shorter, more frequently interrupted by vigilance behavior, and were less frequently reciprocated. DISCUSSION Our work shows that the rates of human-macaque interaction had both a direct and indirect impact on grooming behavior and that macaques flexibly modified their grooming interactions in relation to the rates of human-macaque interaction to which they were exposed. Because grooming has important social and hygienic functions in nonhuman primates, our work suggests that human presence can have important implications for animal health, social relationships and, ultimately, fitness. Our results point to the need of areas away from people even for highly adaptable species where they can engage in social interactions without human disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano S K Kaburu
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Biomedical Science & Physiology, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal R Marty
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Brianne Beisner
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Krishna N Balasubramaniam
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Lalit Mohan
- Himachal Pradesh Forest Department, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Brenda McCowan
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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28
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Neumann C, McDonald DB, Shizuka D. Dominance ranks, dominance ratings and linear hierarchies: a critique. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Sueur C, Romano V, Sosa S, Puga-Gonzalez I. Mechanisms of network evolution: a focus on socioecological factors, intermediary mechanisms, and selection pressures. Primates 2018; 60:167-181. [PMID: 30206778 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Sueur
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Valéria Romano
- Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- Primates and Evolution Anthropology Laboratory, Anthropology Department, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ivan Puga-Gonzalez
- Institute for Religion, Philosophy and History, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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30
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Joly M, Micheletta J, De Marco A, Langermans JA, Sterck EHM, Waller BM. Comparing physical and social cognitive skills in macaque species with different degrees of social tolerance. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2738. [PMID: 28904133 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary evolutionary theories propose that living in groups drives the selection of enhanced cognitive skills to face competition and facilitate cooperation between individuals. Being able to coordinate both in space and time with others and make strategic decisions are essential skills for cooperating within groups. Social tolerance and an egalitarian social structure have been proposed as one specific driver of cooperation. Therefore, social tolerance is predicted to be associated with enhanced cognitive skills that underpin communication and coordination. Social tolerance should also be associated with enhanced inhibition, which is crucial for suppressing automatic responses and permitting delayed gratification in cooperative contexts. We tested the performance of four closely related non-human primate species (genus Macaca) characterized by different degrees of social tolerance on a large battery of cognitive tasks covering physical and social cognition, and on an inhibitory control task. All species performed at a comparable level on the physical cognition tasks but the more tolerant species outperformed the less tolerant species at a social cognition task relevant to cooperation and in the inhibitory control task. These findings support the hypothesis that social tolerance is associated with the evolution of sophisticated cognitive skills relevant for cooperative social living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Joly
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Arianna De Marco
- Fondazione Ethoikos, Radicondoli, Italy.,Parco Faunistico di Piano dell'Abatino, Poggio San Lorenzo, Italy
| | | | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.,Animal Ecology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bridget M Waller
- Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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31
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Balasubramaniam KN, Beisner BA, Berman CM, De Marco A, Duboscq J, Koirala S, Majolo B, MacIntosh AJ, McFarland R, Molesti S, Ogawa H, Petit O, Schino G, Sosa S, Sueur C, Thierry B, de Waal FBM, McCowan B. The influence of phylogeny, social style, and sociodemographic factors on macaque social network structure. Am J Primatol 2017; 80. [PMID: 29140552 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Among nonhuman primates, the evolutionary underpinnings of variation in social structure remain debated, with both ancestral relationships and adaptation to current conditions hypothesized to play determining roles. Here we assess whether interspecific variation in higher-order aspects of female macaque (genus: Macaca) dominance and grooming social structure show phylogenetic signals, that is, greater similarity among more closely-related species. We use a social network approach to describe higher-order characteristics of social structure, based on both direct interactions and secondary pathways that connect group members. We also ask whether network traits covary with each other, with species-typical social style grades, and/or with sociodemographic characteristics, specifically group size, sex-ratio, and current living condition (captive vs. free-living). We assembled 34-38 datasets of female-female dyadic aggression and allogrooming among captive and free-living macaques representing 10 species. We calculated dominance (transitivity, certainty), and grooming (centrality coefficient, Newman's modularity, clustering coefficient) network traits as aspects of social structure. Computations of K statistics and randomization tests on multiple phylogenies revealed moderate-strong phylogenetic signals in dominance traits, but moderate-weak signals in grooming traits. GLMMs showed that grooming traits did not covary with dominance traits and/or social style grade. Rather, modularity and clustering coefficient, but not centrality coefficient, were strongly predicted by group size and current living condition. Specifically, larger groups showed more modular networks with sparsely-connected clusters than smaller groups. Further, this effect was independent of variation in living condition, and/or sampling effort. In summary, our results reveal that female dominance networks were more phylogenetically conserved across macaque species than grooming networks, which were more labile to sociodemographic factors. Such findings narrow down the processes that influence interspecific variation in two core aspects of macaque social structure. Future directions should include using phylogeographic approaches, and addressing challenges in examining the effects of socioecological factors on primate social structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Balasubramaniam
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brianne A Beisner
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Carol M Berman
- Department of Anthropology, Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Julie Duboscq
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Sabina Koirala
- Small Mammal Conservation and Research Foundation (SMCRF), Kathamandu, Nepal
| | | | - Andrew J MacIntosh
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Richard McFarland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Hideshi Ogawa
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Odile Petit
- Ethologie Cognitive et Sociale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gabriele Schino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Sosa
- Anthropology Department, Sun-Yat sen University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Thierry
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Brenda McCowan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California.,California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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32
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Bonanni R, Cafazzo S, Abis A, Barillari E, Valsecchi P, Natoli E. Age-graded dominance hierarchies and social tolerance in packs of free-ranging dogs. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Unità di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy,
| | - Simona Cafazzo
- Wolf Science Center, Dörfles 48, 2115 Ernstbrunn, Austria,
- Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Arianna Abis
- Djanet Association, via XI Febbraio 18, 10093 Collegno, Italy,
| | - Emanuela Barillari
- Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente Calabria, Dipartimento di Catanzaro, Laboratorio Bio-naturalistico, via Lungomare, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy, and
| | - Paola Valsecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Unità di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy,
| | - Eugenia Natoli
- Canile Interzonale, Azienda ASL Roma 3, via della Magliana 856/H, 00148 Rome, Italy
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33
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Dettmer AM, Wooddell LJ, Rosenberg KL, Kaburu SSK, Novak MA, Meyer JS, Suomi SJ. Associations between early life experience, chronic HPA axis activity, and adult social rank in rhesus monkeys. Soc Neurosci 2016; 12:92-101. [PMID: 27063359 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1176952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Early life experience and socioeconomic status (SES) are well-established predictors of health outcomes in people. Both factors likely influence health outcomes via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. However, it is unclear how early experience and HPA axis activity influence adult social status. We studied differentially reared female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, N = 90) as models to test the hypothesis that chronic HPA axis activity assessed via hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) mediated the relationship between early life experience and adult social rank. We found that mother-peer-reared (MPR) monkeys acquired higher social ranks than either of the two nursery-reared (NR) groups (peer-reared, PR, or surrogate-peer-reared, SPR monkeys) (β = -0.07, t(89) = -2.16, p = 0.034). We also found that MPR HCCs were lower during the juvenile period at 18 months (F(2,25) = 3.49, p = 0.047). Furthermore, for MPR but not NR monkeys, changes in HCCs from 18 to 24 months (r(s) = -0.627, p = 0.039) and adult HCCs (r(s) = -0.321, p = 0.03) were negatively correlated with adult social rank. These findings suggest that chronic HPA axis regulation in juvenility, and perhaps in adulthood, may influence adult social status for primates that experience typical early rearing. However, early life adversity may result in dissociation between neuroendocrine stress regulation and adult social competence, which may be risk factors for adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Dettmer
- a Laboratory of Comparative Ethology , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Poolesville , MD , USA
| | - Lauren J Wooddell
- a Laboratory of Comparative Ethology , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Poolesville , MD , USA
| | - Kendra L Rosenberg
- b Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Stefano S K Kaburu
- c Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine , University of California Davis , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Melinda A Novak
- b Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Jerrold S Meyer
- b Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
| | - Stephen J Suomi
- a Laboratory of Comparative Ethology , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Poolesville , MD , USA
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Borgi M, Majolo B. Facial width-to-height ratio relates to dominance style in the genus Macaca. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1775. [PMID: 27019780 PMCID: PMC4806626 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Physical, visual, chemical, and auditory cues signalling fighting ability have independently evolved in many animal taxa as a means to resolve conflicts without escalating to physical aggression. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR, i.e., the relative width to height of the face) has been associated with dominance-related phenotypes both in humans and in other primates. In humans, faces with a larger fWHR are perceived as more aggressive. Methods. We examined fWHR variation among 11 species of the genus Macaca. Macaques have been grouped into four distinct categories, from despotic to tolerant, based on their female dominance style. Female dominance style is related to intra- and inter-sexual competition in both males and females and is the result of different evolutionary pressure across species. We used female dominance style as a proxy of intra-/inter-sexual competition to test the occurrence of correlated evolution between competitive regimes and dominance-related phenotypes. fWHR was calculated from 145 2D photographs of male and female adult macaques. Results. We found no phylogenetic signal on the differences in fWHR across species in the two sexes. However, fWHR was greater, in females and males, in species characterised by despotic female dominance style than in tolerant species. Discussion. Our results suggest that dominance-related phenotypes are related to differences in competitive regimes and intensity of inter- and intra-sexual selection across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borgi
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Puga-Gonzalez I, Cooper MA, Hemelrijk CK. "Targeting or supporting, what drives patterns of aggressive intervention in fights?". Am J Primatol 2015; 78:247-55. [PMID: 26547901 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GrooFiWorld is an individual-based, computational model of social interactions that can be used to examine factors underlying reciprocation and interchange of social behavior in primate societies. Individuals within GrooFiWorld are programed to maintain spatial proximity and thereby form a group. When an individual encounters another individual in its proximity, the individual attacks the other if the risk of losing is low. Otherwise, the individual considers grooming the other. Patterns of social behavior that emerge in the model resemble empirical data from primates. Triadic aggression emerges when an individual attacks one of the former combatants by chance immediately after an aggressive interaction, and reciprocation and interchange of grooming and support emerge even though individuals have no intention to help others or pay back services. The model generates predictions for patterns of contra-intervention that are counterintuitive within a framework of interchange of social services, such as that individuals receive more contra-intervention from those whom they groom more frequently. Here we tested these predictions in data collected on social interactions in a group of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). We confirmed the predictions of the model in the sense that contra-intervention was strongly correlated with dyadic aggression which suggests that contra-intervention is a subset of dyadic aggression. Adult females directed more contra-intervention to those individuals from whom they received more grooming. Further, contra-intervention was directed down the dominance hierarchy such that adult females received more contra-intervention from higher ranking females. Because these findings are consistent with the predictions from the GrooFiWorld model, they suggest that the distribution of interventions in fights is regulated by factors such as dominance rank and spatial structure rather than a motivation to help others and interchange social services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Puga-Gonzalez
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Charlotte K Hemelrijk
- Behavioural Ecology and Self-organization, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Klass K, Cords M. Agonism and dominance in female blue monkeys. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:1299-315. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Klass
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
- Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
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Julle-Danière É, Micheletta J, Whitehouse J, Joly M, Gass C, Burrows AM, Waller BM. MaqFACS (Macaque Facial Action Coding System) can be used to document facial movements in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). PeerJ 2015; 3:e1248. [PMID: 26401458 PMCID: PMC4579026 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and non-human primates exhibit facial movements or displays to communicate with one another. The evolution of form and function of those displays could be better understood through multispecies comparisons. Anatomically based coding systems (Facial Action Coding Systems: FACS) are developed to enable such comparisons because they are standardized and systematic and aid identification of homologous expressions underpinned by similar muscle contractions. To date, FACS has been developed for humans, and subsequently modified for chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, orangutans, hylobatids, dogs, and cats. Here, we wanted to test whether the MaqFACS system developed in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) could be used to code facial movements in Barbary macaques (M. sylvanus), a species phylogenetically close to the rhesus macaques. The findings show that the facial movement capacity of Barbary macaques can be reliably coded using the MaqFACS. We found differences in use and form of some movements, most likely due to specializations in the communicative repertoire of each species, rather than morphological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Églantine Julle-Danière
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
| | - Jérôme Micheletta
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
| | - Jamie Whitehouse
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
| | - Marine Joly
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
| | - Carolin Gass
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
| | - Anne M Burrows
- Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University , PA , USA ; Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Bridget M Waller
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Comparative and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Portsmouth , UK
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Molesti S, Majolo B. Cooperation in wild Barbary macaques: factors affecting free partner choice. Anim Cogn 2015; 19:133-46. [PMID: 26350639 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect of cooperation is partner choice: choosing the best available partner improves the chances of a successful cooperative interaction and decreases the likelihood of being exploited. However, in studies on cooperation subjects are rarely allowed to freely choose their partners. Group-living animals live in a complex social environment where they can choose among several social partners differing in, for example, sex, age, temperament, or dominance status. Our study investigated whether wild Barbary macaques succeed to cooperate using an experimental apparatus, and whether individual and social factors affect their choice of partners and the degree of cooperation. We used the string pulling task that requires two monkeys to manipulate simultaneously a rope in order to receive a food reward. The monkeys were free to interact with the apparatus or not and to choose their partner. The results showed that Barbary macaques are able to pair up with a partner to cooperate using the apparatus. High level of tolerance between monkeys was necessary for the initiation of successful cooperation, while strong social bond positively affected the maintenance of cooperative interactions. Dominance status, sex, age, and temperament of the subjects also affected their choice and performance. These factors thus need to be taken into account in cooperative experiment on animals. Tolerance between social partners is likely to be a prerequisite for the evolution of cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Molesti
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Bonaventura Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
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van der Borg JAM, Schilder MBH, Vinke CM, de Vries H. Dominance in Domestic Dogs: A Quantitative Analysis of Its Behavioural Measures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133978. [PMID: 26309101 PMCID: PMC4556277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominance hierarchy is an important feature of the social organisation of group living animals. Although formal and/or agonistic dominance has been found in captive wolves and free-ranging dogs, applicability of the dominance concept in domestic dogs is highly debated, and quantitative data are scarce. Therefore, we investigated 7 body postures and 24 behaviours in a group of domestic dogs for their suitability as formal status indicators. The results showed that high posture, displayed in most dyadic relationships, and muzzle bite, displayed exclusively by the highest ranking dogs, qualified best as formal dominance indicators. The best formal submission indicator was body tail wag, covering most relationships, and two low postures, covering two-thirds of the relationships. In addition, both mouth lick, as included in Schenkel's active submission, and pass under head qualified as formal submission indicators but were shown almost exclusively towards the highest ranking dogs. Furthermore, a status assessment based on changes in posture displays, i.e., lowering of posture (LoP) into half-low, low, low-on-back or on-back, was the best status indicator for most relationships as it showed good coverage (91% of the dyads), a nearly linear hierarchy (h' = 0.94, p<0.003) and strong unidirectionality (DCI = 0.97). The associated steepness of 0.79 (p<0.0001) indicated a tolerant dominance style for this dog group. No significant correlations of rank with age or weight were found. Strong co-variation between LoP, high posture, and body tail wag justified the use of dominance as an intervening variable. Our results are in line with previous findings for captive wolves and free-ranging dogs, for formal dominance with strong linearity based on submission but not aggression. They indicate that the ethogram for dogs is best redefined by distinguishing body postures from behavioural activities. A good insight into dominance hierarchies and its indicators will be helpful in properly interpreting dog-dog relationships and diagnosing problem behaviour in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne A. M. van der Borg
- Wageningen University Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs B. H. Schilder
- Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animals in Science & Society, P.O. Box 80166, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M. Vinke
- Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animals in Science & Society, P.O. Box 80166, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han de Vries
- Utrecht University Animal Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Padualaan 8, f3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Setchell JM, Smith TE, Knapp LA. Androgens in a female primate: Relationships with reproductive status, age, dominance rank, fetal sex and secondary sexual color. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:245-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang YF, Midha M, Chen TH, Wang YT, Smith DG, Pei KJC, Chiu KP. Complete Taiwanese Macaque (Macaca cyclopis) Mitochondrial Genome: Reference-Assisted de novo Assembly with Multiple k-mer Strategy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130673. [PMID: 26125617 PMCID: PMC4488429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Taiwanese (Formosan) macaque (Macaca cyclopis) is the only nonhuman primate endemic to Taiwan. This primate species is valuable for evolutionary studies and as subjects in medical research. However, only partial fragments of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of this primate species have been sequenced, not mentioning its nuclear genome. We employed next-generation sequencing to generate 2 x 90 bp paired-end reads, followed by reference-assisted de novo assembly with multiple k-mer strategy to characterize the M. cyclopis mitogenome. We compared the assembled mitogenome with that of other macaque species for phylogenetic analysis. Our results show that, the M. cyclopis mitogenome consists of 16,563 nucleotides encoding for 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 transfer RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that M. cyclopis is most closely related to M. mulatta lasiota (Chinese rhesus macaque), supporting the notion of Asia-continental origin of M. cyclopis proposed in previous studies based on partial mitochondrial sequences. Our work presents a novel approach for assembling a mitogenome that utilizes the capabilities of de novo genome assembly with assistance of a reference genome. The availability of the complete Taiwanese macaque mitogenome will facilitate the study of primate evolution and the characterization of genetic variations for the potential usage of this species as a non-human primate model for medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohit Midha
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Wang
- National Center for High-Performance Computing, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - David Glenn Smith
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Ping Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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Watson KK, Li D, Brent LJN, Horvath JE, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Lambides RA, Robinson AG, Skene JHP, Platt ML. Genetic influences on social attention in free-ranging rhesus macaques. Anim Behav 2015; 103:267-275. [PMID: 26034313 PMCID: PMC4448754 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An ethological approach to attention predicts that organisms orient preferentially to valuable sources of information in the environment. For many gregarious species, orienting to other individuals provides valuable social information but competes with food acquisition, water consumption and predator avoidance. Individual variation in vigilance behaviour in humans spans a continuum from inattentive to pathological levels of interest in others. To assess the comparative biology of this behavioural variation, we probed vigilance rates in free-ranging macaques during water drinking, a behaviour incompatible with the gaze and postural demands of vigilance. Males were significantly more vigilant than females. Moreover, vigilance showed a clear genetic component, with an estimated heritability of 12%. Monkeys carrying a relatively infrequent 'long' allele of TPH2, a regulatory gene that influences serotonin production in the brain, were significantly less vigilant compared to monkeys that did not carry the allele. These findings resonate with the hypothesis that the serotonin pathway regulates vigilance in primates and by extension provoke the idea that individual variation in vigilance and its underlying biology may be adaptive rather than pathological.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Watson
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, U.S.A
| | - D. Li
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - L. J. N. Brent
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, U.K
| | - J. E. Horvath
- Nature Research Center, Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - J. Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Punta Santiago, PR, U.S.A
| | - Ruiz- A. Lambides
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Punta Santiago, PR, U.S.A
| | - A. G. Robinson
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - J. H. P Skene
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - M. L. Platt
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
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Norscia I, Palagi E. The socio-matrix reloaded: from hierarchy to dominance profile in wild lemurs. PeerJ 2015; 3:e729. [PMID: 25653908 PMCID: PMC4304858 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominance hierarchy influences the life quality of social animals, and its definition should in principle be based on the outcome of agonistic interactions. However, defining and comparing the dominance profile of social groups is difficult due to the different dominance measures used and because no one measure explains it all. We applied different analytical methods to winner-loser sociomatrices to determine the dominance profile of five groups of wild lemurs (species: Lemur catta, Propithecus verreauxi, and Eulemur rufus x collaris) from the Berenty forest (Madagascar). They are an excellent study model because they share the same habitat and an apparently similar dominance profile: linear hierarchy and female dominance. Data were collected over more than 1200 h of observation. Our approach included four steps: (1) by applying the binary dyadic dominance relationship method (I&SI) on either aggressions or supplant sociomatrices we verified whether hierarchy was aggression or submission based; (2) by calculating normalized David's scores and measuring steepness from aggression sociomatrices we evaluated whether hierarchy was shallow or steep; (3) by comparing the ranking orders obtained with methods 1 and 2 we assessed whether hierarchy was consistent or not; and (4) by assessing triangle transitivity and comparing it with the linearity index and the level of group cohesion we determined if hierarchy was more or less cohesive. Our results show that L. catta groups have got a steep, consistent, highly transitive and cohesive hierarchy. P. verreauxi groups are characterized by a moderately steep and consistent hierarchy, with variable levels of triangle transitivity and cohesion. E. rufus x collaris group possesses a shallow and inconsistent hierarchy, with lower (but not lowest) levels of transitivity and cohesion. A multiple analytical approach on winner-loser sociomatrices other than leading to an in-depth description of the dominance profile, allows intergroup and cross-species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Norscia
- Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Calci, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palagi
- Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Calci, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Unit of Cognitive Primatology & Primate Center, CNR, Rome, Italy
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Kaburu SSK, Newton-Fisher NE. Egalitarian despots: hierarchy steepness, reciprocity and the grooming-trade model in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes.. Anim Behav 2015; 99:1-154. [PMID: 25580017 PMCID: PMC4287234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological market theory models the action of natural selection as a marketplace in which animals are viewed as traders with commodities to offer and exchange. Studies of female Old World monkeys have suggested that grooming might be employed as a commodity to be reciprocated or traded for alternative services, yet previous tests of this grooming-trade model in wild adult male chimpanzees have yielded mixed results. Here we provide the strongest test of the model to date for male chimpanzees: we use data drawn from two social groups (communities) of chimpanzees from different populations and give explicit consideration to variation in dominance hierarchy steepness, as such variation results in differing conditions for biological markets. First, analysis of data from published accounts of other chimpanzee communities, together with our own data, showed that hierarchy steepness varied considerably within and across communities and that the number of adult males in a community aged 20-30 years predicted hierarchy steepness. The two communities in which we tested predictions of the grooming-trade model lay at opposite extremes of this distribution. Second, in accord with the grooming-trade model, we found evidence that male chimpanzees trade grooming for agonistic support where hierarchies are steep (despotic) and consequent effective support is a rank-related commodity, but not where hierarchies are shallow (egalitarian). However, we also found that grooming was reciprocated regardless of hierarchy steepness. Our findings also hint at the possibility of agonistic competition, or at least exclusion, in relation to grooming opportunities compromising the free market envisioned by biological market theory. Our results build on previous findings across chimpanzee communities to emphasize the importance of reciprocal grooming exchanges among adult male chimpanzees, which can be understood in a biological markets framework if grooming by or with particular individuals is a valuable commodity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano S. K. Kaburu
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, U.K
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Balasubramaniam KN, Berman CM, De Marco A, Dittmar K, Majolo B, Ogawa H, Thierry B, De Vries H. Consistency of dominance rank order: a comparison of David's Scores with I&SI and Bayesian methods in macaques. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:959-71. [PMID: 23640681 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In nonhuman primate social groups, dominance ranks are usually assigned to individuals based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic encounters. Multiple approaches have been used, but currently there is no consensus. One approach, David's Scores (DS), offers dual advantages of yielding cardinal scores that may in turn be used to compute hierarchical steepness. Here we correlate rank orders yielded by DS with those yielded by both the traditionally used I&SI approach and the recently proposed parametric Bayesian approach. We use six datasets for female macaques (three despotic and three tolerant groups), and 90 artificially generated datasets modeling macaque groups. We also use the artificial datasets to determine the impact of three characteristics (group size, interaction frequency, and directional asymmetry of aggression) on the magnitude of correlation coefficients, and assess the relative utility of two indices used to compute DS: Dij versus Pij. DS-based rank orders were strongly positively correlated with those yielded by the other two approaches for five out of the six macaque datasets, and for the majority of artificial datasets. Magnitudes of correlation coefficients were unrelated to group size or interaction frequency, but increased with directional asymmetry, suggesting methodological inconsistencies were more likely when dyads had more frequent reversals in directions of aggression. Finally, rank orders calculated using the Dij and Pij indices were similarly consistent with orders from other methods. We conclude that DS offers consistent estimates of rank orders, except perhaps in groups with very low levels of aggression asymmetry. In such "tolerant" groups, we suggest that the relatively greater methodological variability in rank orders may reflect behavioral characteristics of tolerant groups rather than computational inconsistencies between methods. We hypothesize that this quality may be quantified using posterior probability scores of Bayesian rank orders and may also index macaque social styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Balasubramaniam
- Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Duboscq J, Micheletta J, Agil M, Hodges K, Thierry B, Engelhardt A. Social tolerance in wild female crested macaques (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:361-75. [PMID: 23307343 PMCID: PMC3597978 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In primates, females typically drive the evolution of the social system and present a wide diversity of social structures. To understand this diversity, it is necessary to document the consistency and/or flexibility of female social structures across and within species, contexts, and environments. Macaques (Macaca sp.) are an ideal taxon for such comparative study, showing both consistency and variation in their social relations. Their social styles, constituting robust sets of social traits, can be classified in four grades, from despotic to tolerant. However, tolerant species are still understudied, especially in the wild. To foster our understanding of tolerant societies and to assess the validity of the concept of social style, we studied female crested macaques, Macaca nigra, under entirely natural conditions. We assessed their degree of social tolerance by analyzing the frequency, intensity, and distribution of agonistic and affiliative behaviors, their dominance gradient, their bared-teeth display, and their level of conciliatory tendency. We also analyzed previously undocumented behavioral patterns in grade 4 macaques: reaction upon approach and distribution of affiliative behavior across partners. We compared the observed patterns to data from other populations of grade 4 macaques and from species of other grades. Overall, female crested macaques expressed a tolerant social style, with low intensity, frequently bidirectional, and reconciled conflicts. Dominance asymmetry was moderate, associated with an affiliative bared-teeth display. Females greatly tolerated one another in close proximity. The observed patterns matched the profile of other tolerant macaques and were outside the range of patterns of more despotic species. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of females' social behavior in a tolerant macaque species under natural conditions and as such, contributes to a better understanding of macaque societies. It also highlights the relevance of the social style concept in the assessment of the degree of tolerance/despotism in social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Duboscq
- Junior Research Group for Primate Sexual Selection, Reproductive Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen, Germany.
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49
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Bergstrom ML, Fedigan LM. Dominance style of female white-faced capuchins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:591-601. [PMID: 23446907 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dominance style, the level of tolerance displayed by dominant individuals toward subordinate ones, is exhibited along a continuum from despotic to relaxed. It is a useful concept to describe the nature of dominance relationships in macaque species and it bridges among multiple features of dominance hierarchies, aggression, kinship and conflict resolution. Capuchins share many behavioral similarities with Old World monkeys and like macaques, may exhibit a suite of covarying characteristics related to dominance. Here, we provide an assessment of dominance style by examining measures of aggression and kin bias in 22 adult female white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) in three social groups at Santa Rosa Sector, Costa Rica. We found that bidirectionality of aggression was low (mean = 6.9% ± SE 1.6). However, there were few significant correlations between kin relatedness and social behavior (approaching, grooming, proximity, and co-feeding), even though the intensity of kin bias in grooming was moderate and higher in the larger group. We conclude that patterns of aggression and kin-biased behavior in our study animals are dissimilar to the patterns of covariation observed in macaque species. While unidirectional aggression suggests a despotic dominance style, the moderate expression of kin bias suggests an intermediate to relaxed classification when compared with results from an analysis of 19 macaque species. Additional studies of capuchin species and behaviors associated with dominance style (i.e., conciliatory tendencies) would help to create a comparative framework for the genus Cebus, and allow for more detailed cross-species comparison of dominance relationships across all primates.
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