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Depaermentier ML, Krause-Kyora B, Hajdas I, Kempf M, Kuhn T, Spichtig N, Schwarz PA, Gerling C. Bioarchaeological analyses reveal long-lasting continuity at the periphery of the Late Antique Roman Empire. iScience 2023; 26:107034. [PMID: 37360687 PMCID: PMC10285633 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Basel-Waisenhaus burial community (Switzerland) has been traditionally interpreted as immigrated Alamans because of the location and dating of the burial ground - despite the typical late Roman funeral practices. To evaluate this hypothesis, multi-isotope and aDNA analyses were conducted on the eleven individuals buried there. The results show that the burial ground was occupied around AD 400 by people belonging largely to one family, whereas isotope and genetic records most probably point toward a regionally organized and indigenous, instead of an immigrated, community. This strengthens the recently advanced assumption that the withdrawal of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian limes after the "Crisis of the Third Century AD" was not necessarily related to a replacement of the local population by immigrated Alamannic peoples, suggesting a long-lasting continuity of occupation at the Roman periphery at the Upper and High Rhine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux L.C. Depaermentier
- Department of Ancient Civilizations, Prehistoric and Early Historic and Provincial Roman Archaeology, Vindonissa Professorship, University of Basel, Petersgraben 51, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Irka Hajdas
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5 HPK H31, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kempf
- Department of Geography, Physical Geography, Landscape Ecology and Geoinformation, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 8, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- Aquatic and Isotope Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Spichtig
- Archäologische Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt, Petersgraben 11, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter-Andrew Schwarz
- Department of Ancient Civilizations, Prehistoric and Early Historic and Provincial Roman Archaeology, Vindonissa Professorship, University of Basel, Petersgraben 51, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Gerling
- Department of Ancient Civilizations, Prehistoric and Early Historic and Provincial Roman Archaeology, Vindonissa Professorship, University of Basel, Petersgraben 51, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Silva M, Oteo-García G, Martiniano R, Guimarães J, von Tersch M, Madour A, Shoeib T, Fichera A, Justeau P, Foody MGB, McGrath K, Barrachina A, Palomar V, Dulias K, Yau B, Gandini F, Clarke DJ, Rosa A, Brehm A, Flaquer A, Rito T, Olivieri A, Achilli A, Torroni A, Gómez-Carballa A, Salas A, Bryk J, Ditchfield PW, Alexander M, Pala M, Soares PA, Edwards CJ, Richards MB. Biomolecular insights into North African-related ancestry, mobility and diet in eleventh-century Al-Andalus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18121. [PMID: 34518562 PMCID: PMC8438022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical records document medieval immigration from North Africa to Iberia to create Islamic al-Andalus. Here, we present a low-coverage genome of an eleventh century CE man buried in an Islamic necropolis in Segorbe, near Valencia, Spain. Uniparental lineages indicate North African ancestry, but at the autosomal level he displays a mosaic of North African and European-like ancestries, distinct from any present-day population. Altogether, the genome-wide evidence, stable isotope results and the age of the burial indicate that his ancestry was ultimately a result of admixture between recently arrived Amazigh people (Berbers) and the population inhabiting the Peninsula prior to the Islamic conquest. We detect differences between our sample and a previously published group of contemporary individuals from Valencia, exemplifying how detailed, small-scale aDNA studies can illuminate fine-grained regional and temporal differences. His genome demonstrates how ancient DNA studies can capture portraits of past genetic variation that have been erased by later demographic shifts-in this case, most likely the seventeenth century CE expulsion of formerly Islamic communities as tolerance dissipated following the Reconquista by the Catholic kingdoms of the north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Silva
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Gonzalo Oteo-García
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Rui Martiniano
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - João Guimarães
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Ali Madour
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Tarek Shoeib
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- Department of Forensic Science, Faculty of Biomedical Science, University of Benghazi, P.O. Box: 1308, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Alessandro Fichera
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Pierre Justeau
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - M George B Foody
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Krista McGrath
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Prehistory and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Barrachina
- Servei d'Investigacions Arqueològiques i Prehistòriques - Museu Belles Arts de Castelló, Av. Germans Bou, 28, 12003, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Palomar
- Museo Municipal de Arqueología y Etnología de Segorbe, Calle Colón, 98, 12400, Segorbe, Castellón, Spain
| | - Katharina Dulias
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Institut für Geosysteme und Bioindikation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bobby Yau
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Francesca Gandini
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Douglas J Clarke
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - António Brehm
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Campus of Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Antònia Flaquer
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, LMU University, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Rito
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "L. Spallanzani, Università di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Grupo de Investigacion en Genetica, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatria (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Grupo de Investigacion en Genetica, Vacunas, Infecciones y Pediatria (GENVIP), Hospital Clínico Universitario and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), 15706, Galicia, Spain
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses (INCIFOR), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jaroslaw Bryk
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Peter W Ditchfield
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK
| | | | - Maria Pala
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Pedro A Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ceiridwen J Edwards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Martin B Richards
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
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3
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Lucas-Sánchez M, Serradell JM, Comas D. Population history of North Africa based on modern and ancient genomes. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 30:R17-R23. [PMID: 33284971 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with the rest of the African continent, North Africa has provided limited genomic data. Nonetheless, the genetic data available show a complex demographic scenario characterized by extensive admixture and drift. Despite the continuous gene flow from the Middle East, Europe and sub-Saharan Africa, an autochthonous genetic component that dates back to pre-Holocene times is still present in North African groups. The comparison of ancient and modern genomes has evidenced a genetic continuity in the region since Epipaleolithic times. Later population movements, especially the gene flow from the Middle East associated with the Neolithic, have diluted the genetic autochthonous component, creating an east to west gradient. Recent historical movements, such as the Arabization, have also contributed to the genetic landscape observed currently in North Africa and have culturally transformed the region. Genome analyses have not shown evidence of a clear correlation between cultural and genetic diversity in North Africa, as there is no genetic pattern of differentiation between Tamazight (i.e. Berber) and Arab speakers as a whole. Besides the gene flow received from neighboring areas, the analysis of North African genomes has shown that the region has also acted as a source of gene flow since ancient times. As a result of the genetic uniqueness of North African groups and the lack of available data, there is an urgent need for the study of genetic variation in the region and its implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lucas-Sánchez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Serradell
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Comas
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Arauna LR, Hellenthal G, Comas D. Dissecting human North African gene-flow into its western coastal surroundings. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 286:20190471. [PMID: 31039721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
North African history and populations have exerted a pivotal influence on surrounding geographical regions, although scant genetic studies have addressed this issue. Our aim is to understand human historical migrations in the coastal surroundings of North Africa. We built a refined genome-wide dataset of North African populations to unearth the fine-scale genetic structure of the region, using haplotype information. The results suggest that the gene-flow from North Africa into the European Mediterranean coast (Tuscany and the Iberian Peninsula) arrived mainly from the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. In Tuscany, this North African admixture date estimate suggests the movement of peoples during the fall of the Roman Empire around the fourth century. In the Iberian Peninsula, the North African component probably reflects the impact of the Arab expansion since the seventh century and the subsequent expansion of the Christian Kingdoms. By contrast, the North African component in the Canary Islands has a source genetically related to present-day people from the Atlantic North African coast. We also find sub-Saharan gene-flow from the Senegambia region in the Canary Islands. Specifically, we detect a complex signal of admixture involving Atlantic, Senegambian and European sources intermixing around the fifteenth century, soon after the Castilian conquest. Our results highlight the differential genetic influence of North Africa into the surrounding coast and show that specific historical events have not only had a socio-cultural impact but additionally modified the gene pool of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Arauna
- 1 Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Garrett Hellenthal
- 2 UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London , London , UK
| | - David Comas
- 1 Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain
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5
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Simón M, Díaz N, Solórzano E, Montiel R, Francalacci P, Malgosa A. Dissecting mitochondrial dna variability of balearic populations from the bronze age to the current era. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27292871 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine ancient population influences on ancient and current Balearic populations and to reconstruct their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene pool evolution. METHODS We analyzed 239 individuals belonging to five archaeological populations from Majorca and Minorca, four dating to the transition between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, and one Late Roman Majorcan population. Six additional individuals from Santa Teresa di Gallura from the Nuragic period were characterized and added to the existing samples from that culture to make comparisons with Talaiotic populations. RESULTS We characterized the haplogroups of 138 individuals and obtained 69 sequences from mtDNA hypervariable region I. In the intra-island study, the apparent differences in social and funerary rites between two contiguous Majorcan necropolises were correlated with genetic characteristics. Also, the likely occurrence of consanguinity in a population with a very particular burial pattern was supported by genetic data. Despite the uniqueness of each necropolis, the global comparison of the five necropolises revealed no significant differences between them, or between ancient and modern populations from the islands. Ancient Balearics showed a similar mtDNA gene pool to Ancient Catalans, had a Near Eastern component, and showed continuity with European populations since at least the Bronze Age. CONCLUSION We characterized five Balearic necropolises in the context of their geographic and cultural characteristics. The similarity between ancient Balearic and ancient Catalan gene pools reinforces their known historic interactions, while the lack of a consistent genetic continuity with Ancient Sardinians suggests that Talaiotic and Nuragic cultures arose in differentiated populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 29:e22883, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Simón
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Nancy Díaz
- Universidad de los Andes. Avenida 3, Independencia. Edificio el Rectorado, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Eduvigis Solórzano
- Universidad de los Andes. Avenida 3, Independencia. Edificio el Rectorado, Mérida, 5101, Venezuela
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, CINVESTAV-IPN. Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato, Irapuato, 36821, Mexico
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Universitá di Sassari, Piazza D'Armi, 17, Sassari, SS, 07100, Italia
| | - Assumpció Malgosa
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
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Messina F, Scano G, Contini I, Martínez-Labarga C, De Stefano GF, Rickards O. Linking between genetic structure and geographical distance: Study of the maternal gene pool in the Ethiopian population. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:53-69. [PMID: 26883569 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2016.1155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background The correlation between genetics and geographical distance has already been examined through the study of the dispersion of human populations, especially in terms of uniparental genetic markers. Aim The present work characterises, at the level of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), two new samples of Amhara and Oromo populations from Ethiopia to evaluate the possible pattern of distribution for mtDNA variation and to test the hypothesis of the Isolation-by-Distance (IBD) model among African, European and Middle-Eastern populations. Subjects and methods This study analysed 173 individuals belonging to two ethnic groups of Ethiopia, Amhara and Oromo, by assaying HVS-I and HVS-II of mtDNA D-loop and informative coding region SNPs of mtDNA. Results The analysis suggests a relationship between genetic and geographic distances, affirming that the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might be coherent with the IBD model. Moreover, the mtDNA gene pools of the Sub-Saharan African and Mediterranean populations were very different. Conclusion In this study the pattern of mtDNA distribution, beginning with the Ethiopian plateau, was tested in the IBD model. It could be affirmed that, on a continent scale, the mtDNA pool of Africa, Europe and the Middle East might fall under the IBD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Messina
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Scano
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Irene Contini
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Martínez-Labarga
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Gian Franco De Stefano
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- a Center of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Study, Department of Biology , University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' , Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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7
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Gleize Y, Mendisco F, Pemonge MH, Hubert C, Groppi A, Houix B, Deguilloux MF, Breuil JY. Early Medieval Muslim Graves in France: First Archaeological, Anthropological and Palaeogenomic Evidence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148583. [PMID: 26910855 PMCID: PMC4765927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid Arab-Islamic conquest during the early Middle Ages led to major political and cultural changes in the Mediterranean world. Although the early medieval Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula is now well documented, based in the evaluation of archeological and historical sources, the Muslim expansion in the area north of the Pyrenees has only been documented so far through textual sources or rare archaeological data. Our study provides the first archaeo-anthropological testimony of the Muslim establishment in South of France through the multidisciplinary analysis of three graves excavated at Nimes. First, we argue in favor of burials that followed Islamic rites and then note the presence of a community practicing Muslim traditions in Nimes. Second, the radiometric dates obtained from all three human skeletons (between the 7th and the 9th centuries AD) echo historical sources documenting an early Muslim presence in southern Gaul (i.e., the first half of 8th century AD). Finally, palaeogenomic analyses conducted on the human remains provide arguments in favor of a North African ancestry of the three individuals, at least considering the paternal lineages. Given all of these data, we propose that the skeletons from the Nimes burials belonged to Berbers integrated into the Umayyad army during the Arab expansion in North Africa. Our discovery not only discusses the first anthropological and genetic data concerning the Muslim occupation of the Visigothic territory of Septimania but also highlights the complexity of the relationship between the two communities during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gleize
- French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP), Bron, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5199 PACEA, Equipe Anthropologie des Populations Passées et Présentes, Allée Geoffroy ST Hilaire, Pessac Cedex, France
- * E-mail: ; (YG); (FM)
| | - Fanny Mendisco
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5199 PACEA, Equipe Anthropologie des Populations Passées et Présentes, Allée Geoffroy ST Hilaire, Pessac Cedex, France
- * E-mail: ; (YG); (FM)
| | - Marie-Hélène Pemonge
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5199 PACEA, Equipe Anthropologie des Populations Passées et Présentes, Allée Geoffroy ST Hilaire, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Hubert
- University of Bordeaux, Plateforme Génome Transcriptome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Groppi
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center (CBiB), Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Houix
- French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP), Nîmes, France
- UMR 5140, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, Lattes, France
| | - Marie-France Deguilloux
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5199 PACEA, Equipe Anthropologie des Populations Passées et Présentes, Allée Geoffroy ST Hilaire, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Breuil
- French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP), Nîmes, France
- UMR 5140, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes, Lattes, France
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8
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Hernández CL, Soares P, Dugoujon JM, Novelletto A, Rodríguez JN, Rito T, Oliveira M, Melhaoui M, Baali A, Pereira L, Calderón R. Early Holocenic and Historic mtDNA African Signatures in the Iberian Peninsula: The Andalusian Region as a Paradigm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139784. [PMID: 26509580 PMCID: PMC4624789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the timing, identity and direction of migrations in the Mediterranean Basin, the role of "migratory routes" in and among regions of Africa, Europe and Asia, and the effects of sex-specific behaviors of population movements have important implications for our understanding of the present human genetic diversity. A crucial component of the Mediterranean world is its westernmost region. Clear features of transcontinental ancient contacts between North African and Iberian populations surrounding the maritime region of Gibraltar Strait have been identified from archeological data. The attempt to discern origin and dates of migration between close geographically related regions has been a challenge in the field of uniparental-based population genetics. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies have been focused on surveying the H1, H3 and V lineages when trying to ascertain north-south migrations, and U6 and L in the opposite direction, assuming that those lineages are good proxies for the ancestry of each side of the Mediterranean. To this end, in the present work we have screened entire mtDNA sequences belonging to U6, M1 and L haplogroups in Andalusians--from Huelva and Granada provinces--and Moroccan Berbers. We present here pioneer data and interpretations on the role of NW Africa and the Iberian Peninsula regarding the time of origin, number of founders and expansion directions of these specific markers. The estimated entrance of the North African U6 lineages into Iberia at 10 ky correlates well with other L African clades, indicating that U6 and some L lineages moved together from Africa to Iberia in the Early Holocene. Still, founder analysis highlights that the high sharing of lineages between North Africa and Iberia results from a complex process continued through time, impairing simplistic interpretations. In particular, our work supports the existence of an ancient, frequently denied, bridge connecting the Maghreb and Andalusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela L. Hernández
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Soares
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jean M. Dugoujon
- CNRS UMR 5288 Laboratoire d’Anthropologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Novelletto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Tor Vergata di Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Rito
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Abdellatif Baali
- Faculté des Sciences Semlalia de Marrakech (FSSM), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Luisa Pereira
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosario Calderón
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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The Use and Effectiveness of Triple Multiplex System for Coding Region Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Mitochondrial DNA Typing of Archaeologically Obtained Human Skeletons from Premodern Joseon Tombs of Korea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:850648. [PMID: 26345190 PMCID: PMC4544719 DOI: 10.1155/2015/850648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous study showed that East Asian mtDNA haplogroups, especially those of Koreans, could be successfully assigned by the coupled use of analyses on coding region SNP markers and control region mutation motifs. In this study, we tried to see if the same triple multiplex analysis for coding regions SNPs could be also applicable to ancient samples from East Asia as the complementation for sequence analysis of mtDNA control region. By the study on Joseon skeleton samples, we know that mtDNA haplogroup determined by coding region SNP markers successfully falls within the same haplogroup that sequence analysis on control region can assign. Considering that ancient samples in previous studies make no small number of errors in control region mtDNA sequencing, coding region SNP analysis can be used as good complimentary to the conventional haplogroup determination, especially of archaeological human bone samples buried underground over long periods.
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Oh CS, Koh BJ, Yoo DS, Park JB, Min SR, Kim YS, Lee SS, Ge J, Seo SB, Shin DH. Joseon funerary texts tested using ancient DNA analysis of a Korean mummy. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1191-207. [PMID: 25998652 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In Korea, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis has been applied to investigations into the genetic affiliations of mummies found in Joseon Dynasty tombs (1392-1910 CE), becoming now indispensable tool for researches studying human remains from archaeological sites. In the course of our recent examinations on a Korean mummy of Joseon Dynasty, we discovered many teeth contained in a pouch. And in fact, the historical literature on the topic of Joseon funerals contain general accounts of pouches in which an individual's lost teeth were collected over the course of a lifetime and, after death, placed in the coffin with the body. To test the veracity of the historical texts, the present study undertook aDNA analyses and compared the results between specifically questioned (Q) samples (teeth) and known (K) samples (brain and bone) from the mummy to ensure that they came from the same individual. Although the Q-K comparison of autosomal short tandem repeat results did not show full concordance due to allelic drop-outs in some loci, our statistical calculation indicated that the teeth in the pouch are highly likely those of the mummy. Additionally, Q-K comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequence results showed 100% matches between samples. There results, in short, could not gainsay the conjecture that the teeth samples originated from the person buried in the tomb; and if so, he must have kept his teeth for a long time after their loss. As the application of aDNA analysis to Korean mummy studies develops, there will be other opportunities to test historical documents, particularly those referring to funerary rites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seok Oh
- Anthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Bou-Ja Koh
- Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-Ro, Suji-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 448-701, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, San 29, Anseo-Dong, Chonan City, Chungcheongnam-Do, 330-715, Korea
| | - Jun Bum Park
- Seoul Institute of Cultural Heritages, 833, Tongil-Ro, Eunpyeong-Gu, Seoul, 122-842, Korea
| | - So Ri Min
- Korean Institute for Archaeology and Environment, 26, Mogwanamu-1 Gil, Jochiwon-Eup, Sejong-Si, 339-806, Korea
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1, Mok-Dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Sang Sup Lee
- National Forensic Service, 331-1 Shinwol 7-Dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul, 158-707, Korea
| | - Jianye Ge
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Seung Bum Seo
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, Institute of Applied Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Anthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
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11
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Regueiro M, Garcia-Bertrand R, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Álvarez J, Herrera RJ. From Arabia to Iberia: A Y chromosome perspective. Gene 2015; 564:141-52. [PMID: 25701402 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
At different times during recent human evolution, northern Africa has served as a conduit for migrations from the Arabian Peninsula. Although previous researchers have investigated the possibility of the Strait of Gibraltar as a pathway of migration from North Africa to Iberia, we now revisit this issue and theorize that although the Strait of Gibraltar, at the west end of this corridor, has acted as a barrier for human dispersal into Southwest Europe, it has not provided an absolute seal to gene flow. To test this hypothesis, here we use the spatial frequency distributions, STR diversity and expansion time estimates of Y chromosome haplogroups J1-P58 and E-M81 to investigate the genetic imprints left by the Arabian and Berber expansions into the Iberian Peninsula, respectively. The data generated indicate that Arabian and Berber genetic markers are detected in Iberia. We present evidence that suggest that Iberia has received gene flow from Northwest Africa during and prior to the Islamic colonization of 711A.D. It is interesting that the highest frequencies of Arabia and Berber markers are not found in southern Spain, where Islam remained the longest and was culturally most influential, but in Northwest Iberia, specifically Galicia. We propose that Moriscos' relocations to the north during the Reconquista, the migration of cryptic Muslims seeking refuge in a more lenient society and/or more geographic extensive pre-Islamic incursions may explain the higher frequencies and older time estimates of mutations in the north of the Peninsula. These scenarios are congruent with the higher diversities of some diagnostic makers observed in Northwest Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Regueiro
- Biology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | | | - Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Laboratoire de Genetique, Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines, Faculte des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Universite el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Joseph Álvarez
- Biology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Rene J Herrera
- Biology Department, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
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Fortes-Lima C, Dugoujon JM, Hernández CL, Reales G, Calderón R. Immunoglobulin genes in Andalusia (Spain). Genetic diversity in the Mediterranean space. C R Biol 2014; 337:646-56. [PMID: 25444709 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Andalusia is the most densely populated region of Spain since ancient times, and has a rich history of contacts across the Mediterranean. Earlier studies have underlined the relatively high frequency of the Sub-Saharan GM 1,17 5* haplotype in western Andalusia (Huelva province, n=252) and neighbouring Atlantic regions. Here, we provide novel data on GM/KM markers in eastern Andalusians (n=195) from Granada province, where African GM*1,17 5* frequency is relatively high (0.044). The most frequent GM haplotypes in Andalusia parallel the most common in Europe. Altogether, these data allow us to gain insight into the genetic diversity of southern Iberia. Additionally, we assess population structure by comparing our Iberian samples with 41 Mediterranean populations. GM haplotype variation across the Mediterranean reflects intense and complex interactions between North Africans and South Europeans along human history, highlighting that African influence over the Iberian Peninsula does not follow an isotropic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fortes-Lima
- Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse-3-Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Laboratoire D'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse-3-Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Candela L Hernández
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reales
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Calderón
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Pardiñas AF, Martínez JL, Roca A, García-Vazquez E, López B. Over the sands and far away: interpreting an Iberian mitochondrial lineage with ancient Western African origins. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:777-83. [PMID: 25130626 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an ongoing effort to characterize the genetic links between Africa and Europe, mostly using lineages and haplotypes that are specific to one continent but had an ancient origin in the other. Mitochondrial DNA has been proven to be a very useful tool for this purpose since a high number of putatively European-specific variants of the African L* lineages have been defined over the years. Due to their geographic locations, Spain and Portugal seem to be ideal places for searching for these lineages. METHODS Five members of a minor branch of haplogroup L3f were found in recent DNA samplings in the region of Asturias (Northern Spain), which is known for its historical isolation. The frequency of L3f in this population (≈1%) is unexpectedly high in comparison with other related lineages in Europe. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequencing of these L3f lineages, as well phylogenetic and phylogeographic comparative analyses have been performed. RESULTS The L3f variant found in Asturias seems to constitute an Iberian-specific haplogroup, distantly related to lineages in Northern Africa and with a deep ancestry in Western Africa. Coalescent algorithms estimate the minimum arrival time as 8,000 years ago, and a possible route through the Gibraltar Strait. CONCLUSIONS Results are concordant with a previously proposed Neolithic connection between Southern Europe and Western Africa, which might be key to the proper understanding of the ancient links between these two continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Pardiñas
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, 33071, Spain
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Hernández CL, Reales G, Dugoujon JM, Novelletto A, Rodríguez JN, Cuesta P, Calderón R. Human maternal heritage in Andalusia (Spain): its composition reveals high internal complexity and distinctive influences of mtDNA haplogroups U6 and L in the western and eastern side of region. BMC Genet 2014; 15:11. [PMID: 24460736 PMCID: PMC3905667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The archeology and history of the ancient Mediterranean have shown that this sea has been a permeable obstacle to human migration. Multiple cultural exchanges around the Mediterranean have taken place with presumably population admixtures. A gravitational territory of those migrations has been the Iberian Peninsula. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the maternal gene pool, by means of control region sequencing and PCR-RFLP typing, of autochthonous Andalusians originating from the coastal provinces of Huelva and Granada, located respectively in the west and the east of the region. Results The mtDNA haplogroup composition of these two southern Spanish populations has revealed a wide spectrum of haplogroups from different geographical origins. The registered frequencies of Eurasian markers, together with the high incidence and diversification of African maternal lineages (15% of the total mitochondrial variability) among Huelva Andalusians when compared to its eastwards relatives of Granada and other Iberian populations, constitute relevant findings unknown up-to-date on the characteristics of mtDNA within Andalusia that testifies a female population substructure. Therefore, Andalusia must not be considered a single, unique population. Conclusions The maternal legacy among Andalusians reflects distinctive local histories, pointing out the role of the westernmost territory of Peninsular Spain as a noticeable recipient of multiple and diverse human migrations. The obtained results underline the necessity of further research on genetic relationships in both sides of the western Mediterranean, using carefully collected samples from autochthonous individuals. Many studies have focused on recent North African gene flow towards Iberia, yet scientific attention should be now directed to thoroughly study the introduction of European genes in northwest Africa across the sea, in order to determine its magnitude, timescale and methods, and to compare them to those terrestrial movements from eastern Africa and southwestern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosario Calderón
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Morozova IY, Batieva EF, Grosheva AN, Kovalevskaya VB, Rychkov SY. Some features of mitochondrial gene pool of Maeotis in light of their relation to Cis-Asov nomads. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, Benhamamouch S, González AM. Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56775. [PMID: 23431392 PMCID: PMC3576335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
North Africa is considered a distinct geographic and ethnic entity within Africa. Although modern humans originated in this Continent, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genealogical markers provide evidence that the North African gene pool has been shaped by the back-migration of several Eurasian lineages in Paleolithic and Neolithic times. More recent influences from sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe are also evident. The presence of East-West and North-South haplogroup frequency gradients strongly reinforces the genetic complexity of this region. However, this genetic scenario is beset with a notable gap, which is the lack of consistent information for Algeria, the largest country in the Maghreb. To fill this gap, we analyzed a sample of 240 unrelated subjects from a northwest Algeria cosmopolitan population using mtDNA sequences and Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphisms, focusing on the fine dissection of haplogroups E and R, which are the most prevalent in North Africa and Europe respectively. The Eurasian component in Algeria reached 80% for mtDNA and 90% for Y-chromosome. However, within them, the North African genetic component for mtDNA (U6 and M1; 20%) is significantly smaller than the paternal (E-M81 and E-V65; 70%). The unexpected presence of the European-derived Y-chromosome lineages R-M412, R-S116, R-U152 and R-M529 in Algeria and the rest of the Maghreb could be the counterparts of the mtDNA H1, H3 and V subgroups, pointing to direct maritime contacts between the European and North African sides of the western Mediterranean. Female influx of sub-Saharan Africans into Algeria (20%) is also significantly greater than the male (10%). In spite of these sexual asymmetries, the Algerian uniparental profiles faithfully correlate between each other and with the geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmahan Bekada
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Vicente M. Cabrera
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José M. Larruga
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Pestano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Soraya Benhamamouch
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ana M. González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Marks SJ, Levy H, Martinez-Cadenas C, Montinaro F, Capelli C. Migration distance rather than migration rate explains genetic diversity in human patrilocal groups. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4958-69. [PMID: 22765647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Marks
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Deguilloux MF, Leahy R, Pemonge MH, Rottier S. European neolithization and ancient DNA: an assessment. Evol Anthropol 2012; 21:24-37. [PMID: 22307722 DOI: 10.1002/evan.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neolithic processes underlying the distribution of genetic diversity among European populations have been the subject of intense debate since the first genetic data became available. However, patterns observed in the current European gene pool are the outcome of Paleolithic and Neolithic processes, overlaid with four millennia of further developments. This observation encouraged paleogeneticists to contribute to the debate by directly comparing genetic variation from the ancient inhabitants of Europe to their contemporary counterparts. Pre-Neolithic and Neolithic paleogenetic data are becoming increasingly available for north and northwest European populations. Despite the numerous problems inherent in the paleogenetic approach, the accumulation of ancient DNA datasets offers new perspectives from which to interpret the interactions between hunter-gatherer and farming communities. In light of information emerging from diverse disciplines, including recent paleogenetic studies, the most plausible model explaining the movement of Neolithic pioneer groups in central Europe is that of leapfrog migration.
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Oh CS, Lee SJ, Park JB, Lee SD, Seo SB, Kim HY, Kim J, Kim YS, Shin DH. Autosomal Short Tandem Repeat Analysis of Ancient DNA by Coupled Use of Mini- and Conventional STR Kits*. J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:820-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Betancor E, Fregel R, Almeida M, Suárez N, Pestano J. DNA typing for the identification of eight victims of Spanish Civil War reprisals in the Canary Islands: The case of “the Fuencaliente thirteen” mass graves (Fuencaliente, La Palma). FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sologuren I, Boisson-Dupuis S, Pestano J, Vincent QB, Fernández-Pérez L, Chapgier A, Cárdenes M, Feinberg J, García-Laorden MI, Picard C, Santiago E, Kong X, Jannière L, Colino E, Herrera-Ramos E, Francés A, Navarrete C, Blanche S, Faria E, Remiszewski P, Cordeiro A, Freeman A, Holland S, Abarca K, Valerón-Lemaur M, Gonçalo-Marques J, Silveira L, García-Castellano JM, Caminero J, Pérez-Arellano JL, Bustamante J, Abel L, Casanova JL, Rodríguez-Gallego C. Partial recessive IFN-γR1 deficiency: genetic, immunological and clinical features of 14 patients from 11 kindreds. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1509-23. [PMID: 21266457 PMCID: PMC3115578 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of 14 patients from 11 kindreds with recessive partial (RP)-interferon (IFN)-γR1 deficiency. The I87T mutation was found in nine homozygous patients from Chile, Portugal and Poland, and the V63G mutation was found in five homozygous patients from the Canary Islands. Founder effects accounted for the recurrence of both mutations. The most recent common ancestors of the patients with the I87T and V63G mutations probably lived 1600 (875-2950) and 500 (200-1275) years ago, respectively. The two alleles confer phenotypes that are similar but differ in terms of IFN-γR1 levels and residual response to IFN-γ. The patients suffered from bacillus Calmette-Guérin-osis (n= 6), environmental mycobacteriosis (n= 6) or tuberculosis (n= 1). One patient did not suffer from mycobacterial infections but had disseminated salmonellosis, which was also present in two other patients. Age at onset of the first environmental mycobacterial disease differed widely between patients, with a mean value of 11.25 ± 9.13 years. Thirteen patients survived until the age of 14.82 ± 11.2 years, and one patient died at the age of 7 years, 9 days after the diagnosis of long-term Mycobacterium avium infection and the initiation of antimycobacterial treatment. Up to 10 patients are currently free of infection with no prophylaxis. The clinical heterogeneity of the 14 patients was not clearly related to either IFNGR1 genotype or the resulting cellular phenotype. RP-IFN-γR1 deficiency is, thus, more common than initially thought and should be considered in both children and adults with mild or severe mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Pestano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Genetics and Immunology
| | - Quentin Benoit Vincent
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Pharmacology Unit, Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group and
| | - Ariane Chapgier
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - María Cárdenes
- Department of Immunology
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Study Center of Primary Immunodeficiencies and
| | | | - Xiaofei Kong
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucile Jannière
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Elena Colino
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | - Carmen Navarrete
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paweł Remiszewski
- IIIrd Department of Lung Diseases, National Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Cordeiro
- Department of Medicine, Coimbra Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Steven Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - José Gonçalo-Marques
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Santa Maria-Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal and
| | - Luisa Silveira
- Department of Pediatrics, Santo Espirito de Angra do Heroísmo EPE Hospital, Angra do Heroìsmo, Portugal
| | - José Manuel García-Castellano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Research Unit and
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Insular-Materno Infantil Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Caminero
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Gran Canaria Dr Negrín University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Faculty, INSERM U980, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Canarian Institute for Cancer Research, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Nilsson M, Possnert G, Edlund H, Budowle B, Kjellström A, Allen M. Analysis of the putative remains of a European patron saint--St. Birgitta. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8986. [PMID: 20169108 PMCID: PMC2821883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Birgitta (Saint Bridget of Sweden) lived between 1303 and 1373 and was designated one of Europe's six patron saints by the Pope in 1999. According to legend, the skulls of St. Birgitta and her daughter Katarina are maintained in a relic shrine in Vadstena abbey, mid Sweden. The origin of the two skulls was assessed first by analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to confirm a maternal relationship. The results of this analysis displayed several differences between the two individuals, thus supporting an interpretation of the two skulls not being individuals that are maternally related. Because the efficiency of PCR amplification and quantity of DNA suggested a different amount of degradation and possibly a very different age for each of the skulls, an orthogonal procedure, radiocarbon dating, was performed. The radiocarbon dating results suggest an age difference of at least 200 years and neither of the dating results coincides with the period St. Birgitta or her daughter Katarina lived. The relic, thought to originate from St. Birgitta, has an age corresponding to the 13th century (1215–1270 cal AD, 2σ confidence), which is older than expected. Thus, the two different analyses are consistent in questioning the authenticity of either of the human skulls maintained in the Vadstena relic shrine being that of St. Birgitta. Of course there are limitations when interpreting the data of any ancient biological materials and these must be considered for a final decision on the authenticity of the remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Forensic Unit, Regional Criminal Investigation Department, Stockholm County Police, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Possnert
- The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Edlund
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bruce Budowle
- FBI Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Centre, Ft Worth, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anna Kjellström
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Allen
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Fregel R, Gomes V, Gusmão L, González AM, Cabrera VM, Amorim A, Larruga JM. Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:181. [PMID: 19650893 PMCID: PMC2728732 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin and prevalence of the prehispanic settlers of the Canary Islands has attracted great multidisciplinary interest. However, direct ancient DNA genetic studies on indigenous and historical 17th-18th century remains, using mitochondrial DNA as a female marker, have only recently been possible. In the present work, the analysis of Y-chromosome polymorphisms in the same samples, has shed light on the way the European colonization affected male and female Canary Island indigenous genetic pools, from the conquest to present-day times. RESULTS Autochthonous (E-M81) and prominent (E-M78 and J-M267) Berber Y-chromosome lineages were detected in the indigenous remains, confirming a North West African origin for their ancestors which confirms previous mitochondrial DNA results. However, in contrast with their female lineages, which have survived in the present-day population since the conquest with only a moderate decline, the male indigenous lineages have dropped constantly being substituted by European lineages. Male and female sub-Saharan African genetic inputs were also detected in the Canary population, but their frequencies were higher during the 17th-18th centuries than today. CONCLUSION The European colonization of the Canary Islands introduced a strong sex-biased change in the indigenous population in such a way that indigenous female lineages survived in the extant population in a significantly higher proportion than their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Department of Genetics, University of La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco, Sánchez, La Laguna, 38271 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM. The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1314-24. [PMID: 19337312 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth from 38 aboriginal remains of La Palma (Canary Islands) were analyzed for external and endogenous mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and for diagnostic coding positions. Informative sequences were obtained from 30 individuals (78.9%). The majority of lineages (93%) were from West Eurasian origin, being the rest (7%) from sub-Saharan African ascription. The bulk of the aboriginal haplotypes had exact matches in North Africa (70%). However, the indigenous Canarian sub-type U6b1, also detected in La Palma, has not yet been found in North Africa, the cradle of the U6 expansion. The most abundant H1 clade in La Palma, defined by transition 16260, is also very rare in North Africa. This means that the exact region from which the ancestors of the Canarian aborigines came has not yet been sampled or that they have been replaced by later human migrations. The high gene diversity found in La Palma (95.2+/-2.3), which is one of the farthest islands from the African continent, is of the same level than the previously found in the central island of Tenerife (92.4+/-2.8). This is against the supposition that the islands were colonized from the continent by island hopping and posterior isolation. On the other hand, the great similarity found between the aboriginal populations of La Palma and Tenerife is against the idea of an island-by-island independent maritime colonization without secondary contacts. Our data better fit to an island model with frequent migrations between islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fregel
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Ousley S, Jantz R, Freid D. Understanding race and human variation: Why forensic anthropologists are good at identifying race. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 139:68-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coudray C, Olivieri A, Achilli A, Pala M, Melhaoui M, Cherkaoui M, El-Chennawi F, Kossmann M, Torroni A, Dugoujon JM. The complex and diversified mitochondrial gene pool of Berber populations. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 73:196-214. [PMID: 19053990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA variation of 295 Berber-speakers from Morocco (Asni, Bouhria and Figuig) and the Egyptian oasis of Siwa was evaluated by sequencing a portion of the control region (including HVS-I and part of HVS-II) and surveying haplogroup-specific coding region markers. Our findings show that the Berber mitochondrial pool is characterized by an overall high frequency of Western Eurasian haplogroups, a somehow lower frequency of sub-Saharan L lineages, and a significant (but differential) presence of North African haplogroups U6 and M1, thus occupying an intermediate position between European and sub-Saharan populations in PCA analysis. A clear and significant genetic differentiation between the Berbers from Maghreb and Egyptian Berbers was also observed. The first are related to European populations as shown by haplogroup H1 and V frequencies, whereas the latter share more affinities with East African and Nile Valley populations as indicated by the high frequency of M1 and the presence of L0a1, L3i, L4*, and L4b2 lineages. Moreover, haplogroup U6 was not observed in Siwa. We conclude that the origins and maternal diversity of Berber populations are old and complex, and these communities bear genetic characteristics resulting from various events of gene flow with surrounding and migrating populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Coudray
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie, CNRS FRE2960, Université Paul Sabatier, 37 allées Jules Guesde, Toulouse, France.
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Early phases of a successful invasion: mitochondrial phylogeography of the common genet (Genetta genetta) within the Mediterranean Basin. Biol Invasions 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-008-9268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reconstructing the phylogeny of African mitochondrial DNA lineages in Slavs. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:1091-6. [PMID: 18398433 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the origin of African-specific mtDNA lineages, revealed previously in Slavonic populations (at frequency of about 0.4%), we completely sequenced eight African genomes belonging to haplogroups L1b, L2a, L3b, L3d and M1 gathered from Russians, Czechs, Slovaks and Poles. Results of phylogeographic analysis suggest that at least part of the African mtDNA lineages found in Slavs (such as L1b, L3b1, L3d) appears to be of West African origin, testifying to an opportunity of their occurrence as a result of migrations to Eastern Europe through Iberia. However, a prehistoric introgression of African mtDNA lineages into Eastern Europe (approximately 10 000 years ago) seems to be probable only for European-specific subclade L2a1a, defined by coding region mutations at positions 6722 and 12903 and detected in Czechs and Slovaks. Further studies of the nature of African admixture in gene pools of Europeans require the essential enlargement of databases of African complete mitochondrial genomes.
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Caramelli D, Vernesi C, Sanna S, Sampietro L, Lari M, Castrì L, Vona G, Floris R, Francalacci P, Tykot R, Casoli A, Bertranpetit J, Lalueza-Fox C, Bertorelle G, Barbujani G. Genetic variation in prehistoric Sardinia. Hum Genet 2007; 122:327-36. [PMID: 17629747 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We sampled teeth from 53 ancient Sardinian (Nuragic) individuals who lived in the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, between 3,430 and 2,700 years ago. After eliminating the samples that, in preliminary biochemical tests, did not show a high probability to yield reproducible results, we obtained 23 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region, which were associated to haplogroups by comparison with a dataset of modern sequences. The Nuragic samples show a remarkably low genetic diversity, comparable to that observed in ancient Iberians, but much lower than among the Etruscans. Most of these sequences have exact matches in two modern Sardinian populations, supporting a clear genealogical continuity from the Late Bronze Age up to current times. The Nuragic populations appear to be part of a large and geographically unstructured cluster of modern European populations, thus making it difficult to infer their evolutionary relationships. However, the low levels of genetic diversity, both within and among ancient samples, as opposed to the sharp differences among modern Sardinian samples, support the hypothesis of the expansion of a small group of maternally related individuals, and of comparatively recent differentiation of the Sardinian gene pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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