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Robira B, Benhamou S, Obeki Bayanga E, Breuer T, Masi S. Changes in movement patterns in relation to sun conditions and spatial scales in wild western gorillas. Anim Cogn 2024; 27:37. [PMID: 38684551 PMCID: PMC11058680 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-024-01871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
For most primates living in tropical forests, food resources occur in patchworks of different habitats that vary seasonally in quality and quantity. Efficient navigation (i.e., spatial memory-based orientation) towards profitable food patches should enhance their foraging success. The mechanisms underpinning primate navigating ability remain nonetheless mostly unknown. Using GPS long-term tracking (596 days) of one group of wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), we investigated their ability to navigate at long distances, and tested for how the sun was used to navigate at any scale by improving landmark visibility and/or by acting as a compass. Long episodic movements ending at a distant swamp, a unique place in the home range where gorillas could find mineral-rich aquatic plants, were straighter and faster than their everyday foraging movements relying on spatial memory. This suggests intentional targeting of the swamp based on long-distance navigation skills, which can thus be efficient over a couple of kilometres. Interestingly, for both long-distance movements towards the swamp and everyday foraging movements, gorillas moved straighter under sunlight conditions even under a dense vegetation cover. By contrast, movement straightness was not markedly different when the sun elevation was low (the sun azimuth then being potentially usable as a compass) or high (so providing no directional information) and the sky was clear or overcast. This suggests that gorillas navigate their home range by relying on visual place recognition but do not use the sun azimuth as a compass. Like humans, who rely heavily on vision to navigate, gorillas should benefit from better lighting to help them identify landmarks as they move through shady forests. This study uncovers a neglected aspect of primate navigation. Spatial memory and vision might have played an important role in the evolutionary success of diurnal primate lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Robira
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Université de Montpellier & CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Eco-Anthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Musée de L'Homme, Paris, France.
| | - S Benhamou
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Université de Montpellier & CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Associated to Cogitamus Lab,
| | - E Obeki Bayanga
- Congo Program, Mondika Research Center, Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, Wildlife Conservation Society, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - T Breuer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, New-York, USA
- World Wide Fund for Nature, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Masi
- Eco-Anthropologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Musée de L'Homme, Paris, France
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2
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Varella MAC. Nocturnal selective pressures on the evolution of human musicality as a missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1215481. [PMID: 37860295 PMCID: PMC10582961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human musicality exhibits the necessary hallmarks for biological adaptations. Evolutionary explanations focus on recurrent adaptive problems that human musicality possibly solved in ancestral environments, such as mate selection and competition, social bonding/cohesion and social grooming, perceptual and motor skill development, conflict reduction, safe time-passing, transgenerational communication, mood regulation and synchronization, and credible signaling of coalition and territorial/predator defense. Although not mutually exclusive, these different hypotheses are still not conceptually integrated nor clearly derived from independent principles. I propose The Nocturnal Evolution of Human Musicality and Performativity Theory in which the night-time is the missing piece of the adaptationist puzzle of human musicality and performing arts. The expansion of nocturnal activities throughout human evolution, which is tied to tree-to-ground sleep transition and habitual use of fire, might help (i) explain the evolution of musicality from independent principles, (ii) explain various seemingly unrelated music features and functions, and (iii) integrate many ancestral adaptive values proposed. The expansion into the nocturnal niche posed recurrent ancestral adaptive challenges/opportunities: lack of luminosity, regrouping to cook before sleep, imminent dangerousness, low temperatures, peak tiredness, and concealment of identity. These crucial night-time features might have selected evening-oriented individuals who were prone to acoustic communication, more alert and imaginative, gregarious, risk-taking and novelty-seeking, prone to anxiety modulation, hedonistic, promiscuous, and disinhibited. Those night-time selected dispositions may have converged and enhanced protomusicality into human musicality by facilitating it to assume many survival- and reproduction-enhancing roles (social cohesion and coordination, signaling of coalitions, territorial defense, antipredatorial defense, knowledge transference, safe passage of time, children lullabies, and sexual selection) that are correspondent to the co-occurring night-time adaptive challenges/opportunities. The nocturnal dynamic may help explain musical features (sound, loudness, repetitiveness, call and response, song, elaboration/virtuosity, and duetting/chorusing). Across vertebrates, acoustic communication mostly occurs in nocturnal species. The eveningness chronotype is common among musicians and composers. Adolescents, who are the most evening-oriented humans, enjoy more music. Contemporary tribal nocturnal activities around the campfire involve eating, singing/dancing, storytelling, and rituals. I discuss the nocturnal integration of musicality's many roles and conclude that musicality is probably a multifunctional mental adaptation that evolved along with the night-time adaptive landscape.
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3
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Ayuso PR, Feliu O, Riba D, Crailsheim D. Listening to Their Nights: Sleep Disruptions in Captive Housed Chimpanzees Affect Their Daytime Behavior. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040696. [PMID: 36830481 PMCID: PMC9952389 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimpanzee's nocturnal sleep is a dynamic and complex process, still not fully understood. As in humans, not getting enough quality sleep due to frequent or lasting disruptions may affect their physical and mental health, hence wellbeing, which may be reflected in their daytime behavior. This study aims to understand the impact of abiotic factors, such as temperature and humidity on the nocturnal activity as well as the impact of nocturnal awakening events on daytime behavior in sanctuary-housed chimpanzees. We monitored noisy nocturnal activity through audio recordings for one year, documenting the number and duration of sound events produced by chimpanzees to indicate sleep fragmentation and disruption intensity, respectively. Our results indicate that indoor temperature and humidity indeed influence the chimpanzee's nocturnal activity. Furthermore, sleep fragmentation and intensity of nocturnal events significantly influenced the following day's behavior. After nights marked by frequent and/or intense sleep disruptions, higher levels of inactivity, and abnormal and self-directed behaviors were observed, and chimpanzees spent more time on affiliative interactions and in social proximity. These findings highlight the importance of controlling factors influencing nocturnal sleep quality. Furthermore, we demonstrated that economic audio recordings used to monitor nocturnal activity, provide insights into the chimpanzee's behavior and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo R. Ayuso
- Research Department, Fundació Mona, 17457 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.A.); (D.C.); Tel.: +34-659420327 (P.R.A.)
| | - Olga Feliu
- Research Department, Fundació Mona, 17457 Girona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Riba
- Research Department, Fundació Mona, 17457 Girona, Spain
- Facultat de Lletres, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Dietmar Crailsheim
- Research Department, Fundació Mona, 17457 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.A.); (D.C.); Tel.: +34-659420327 (P.R.A.)
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4
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Mason HD, Rose E, Gonzalez JE, O'Brien DA. Nocturnal surveys of lined seahorses reveal increased densities and seasonal recruitment patterns. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9573. [PMID: 36644702 PMCID: PMC9834011 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the nighttime ecology of organisms remains understudied, nocturnal surveys play an integral part in assessing fish assemblages and the selective forces shaping them. Eleuthera (Bahamas) contains an unusual population of lined seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) in an anchialine lake, possessing morphological characteristics distinct from those found in the ocean. Population surveys for seahorses and their potential predators were conducted at midnight and midday during wet and dry seasons, with belt transects perpendicular to the shoreline that increased in depth away from shore. Nocturnal surveys uncovered seahorse densities 259% higher than daytime transects on average. Sex ratios were consistently male-biased, and the frequency of animals from different reproductive categories varied significantly by time of day, with gravid males observed around the clock but females and nongravid males observed more often at night. Spatial and seasonal recruitment was detected for the first time in this species, with an increase in juveniles detected in the shallow ends of transects during dry season surveys. Juvenile recruitment is poorly understood across syngnathid fishes, so the detection of early recruits at night has broad implications for this fish family. Seahorses from all reproductive categories were perched significantly higher in the water column during the night regardless of their depth or season. Predator densities followed a similar pattern with higher densities observed at night, indicating that elevated nocturnal perch height may be a response to predator presence. However, the selective agents driving these nocturnal behaviors have yet to be identified. Considering H. erectus is listed on the IUCN Red List as "Vulnerable," the increase in nocturnal population size and the detection of juveniles has crucial implications for understanding their ecology, recruitment, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Rose
- The University of TampaTampaFloridaUSA,Present address:
Department of BiologyValdosta State UniversityValdostaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Duncan A. O'Brien
- The Center for Ocean Research and EducationGregorytown, EleutheraThe Bahamas,Present address:
School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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5
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Kooros SJ, Goossens B, Sterck EHM, Kenderdine R, Malim PT, Ramirez Saldivar DA, Stark DJ. External environmental conditions impact nocturnal activity levels in proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) living in Sabah, Malaysia. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23423. [PMID: 35848355 PMCID: PMC9540267 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several diurnal nonhuman anthropoids have been identified displaying varying degrees of nocturnal activity, which can be influenced by activity “masking effects”—external events or conditions that suppress or trigger activity, temporarily altering normal activity patterns. Environmental masking characteristics include nocturnal temperature, rainfall, cloud cover, and moon brightness. Similarly, other ecological characteristics, including proximity to humans and predators and daytime activity, may also trigger or suppress nocturnal activity. Understanding the effects of external conditions on activity patterns is pertinent to effective species conservation. We investigated the presence of nocturnal activity and the influence of masking effects on the level of nocturnal activity displayed by wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Dual‐axis accelerometers were attached by collar to six male proboscis monkeys from different one‐male, multi‐female groups to record activity continuously (165–401 days each). We measured the monkeys' nocturnal and diurnal activity levels and investigated the effects of seven potential masking effects. Nocturnal activity was much lower than diurnal activity. Still, proboscis monkeys did display varying levels of nocturnal activity. Generalized linear mixed models identified higher nocturnal activity in the study individuals during nights with cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher diurnal activity. These three masking effects affected nocturnal activity levels during the observation period that informed our model, although they did not predict nocturnal activity outside of this period. While the generalizability of these results remains uncertain, this study highlights the utility of accelerometers in identifying activity patterns and masking effects that create variability in these patterns. Six male proboscis monkeys displayed low levels of nocturnal activity, consistent with a diurnal activity pattern. Nocturnal activity in five of these male proboscis monkeys increased during nights that had cooler temperatures, higher rainfall, and after higher daytime activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Kooros
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisabeth H M Sterck
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter T Malim
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A Ramirez Saldivar
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Danica J Stark
- c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.,Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Lacroux C, Robira B, Kane-Maguire N, Guma N, Krief S. Between forest and croplands: Nocturnal behavior in wild chimpanzees of Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268132. [PMID: 35522693 PMCID: PMC9075648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some animal species have been presumed to be purely diurnal. Yet, they show flexibility in their activity rhythm, and can occasionally be active at night. Recently, it has been suggested that chimpanzees may rarely engage in nocturnal activities in savannah forests, in contrast to the frequent nocturnal feeding of crops observed at Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Here we thus aimed to explore the factors that might trigger such intense nocturnal activity (e.g. harsher weather conditions during daytime, low wild food availability or higher diurnal foraging risk) in this area. We used camera-traps set over 18 km2 operating for 15 months. We report activities and group composition from records obtained either within the forest or at the forest interface with maize fields, the unique crop consumed. Maize is an attractive and accessible food source, although actively guarded by farmers, particularly during daytime. Out of the 19 156 clips collected, 1808 recorded chimpanzees. Of these, night recordings accounted for 3.3% of forest location clips, compared to 41.8% in the maize fields. Most nocturnal clips were obtained after hot days, and most often during maize season for field clips. At night within the forest, chimpanzees were travelling around twilight hours, while when at the border of the fields they were foraging on crops mostly after twilight and in smaller parties. These results suggest that chimpanzees change their activity rhythm to access cultivated resources when human presence and surveillance is lower. This survey provides evidence of behavioral plasticity in chimpanzees in response to neighboring human farming activities, and emphasizes the urgent need to work with local communities to mitigate human-wildlife conflict related to crop-feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lacroux
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Robira
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- CEFE, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Kane-Maguire
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | | | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes et Environnements, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
- Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Great Ape Conservation Project, Fort Portal, Uganda
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7
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Hongo S, Nakashima Y, Akomo-Okoue EF, Mindonga-Nguelet FL. Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps. J Mammal 2022; 103:159-168. [PMID: 35087330 PMCID: PMC8789762 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement is a fundamental characteristic of animals, but challenging to measure noninvasively. Noninvasive methods for measuring travel have different weaknesses, so multiple techniques need to be applied multiple techniques for reliable inferences. We used two methods, direct tracking and camera trapping, to examine the variation in time and seasonal differences in movement rates of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), an elusive primate that lives in large groups in central Africa. In a 400-km2 rainforest area in Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, we tracked unidentified groups 46 times from 2009 to 2013. We systematically placed 157 terrestrial camera traps in the same area from 2012 to 2014 and recorded groups 309 times. Generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) of the tracking data indicated that the group travel speed varied with time and season. In the fruiting season, the movement rate fluctuated with time in a bimodal pattern, whereas in the nonfruiting season, it increased monotonously with time. The predicted day range was longer in the fruiting season (6.98 km) than in the nonfruiting season (6.06 km). These seasonal differences suggest responses to changes in food resources and temperature. Camera-trap detection rates showed similar temporal and seasonal patterns to the tracking data, allowing us to generalize our findings to the population level. Moreover, cameras never detected mandrills at night, and we observed that they slept high in trees and hardly moved until the next morning, all suggesting their strict avoidance of nighttime movement. This study demonstrated the significance of the multiple-method approach in drawing robust conclusions on temporal patterns of animal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hongo
- The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, 46, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakashima
- Department of Forest Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Science, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etienne François Akomo-Okoue
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRET–CENAREST), B.P. 13354, Libreville, Estuaire, Gabon
| | - Fred Loïque Mindonga-Nguelet
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRET–CENAREST), B.P. 13354, Libreville, Estuaire, Gabon
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8
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Lindshield S, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Korstjens AH, Marchant LF, Narat V, Ndiaye PI, Ogawa H, Piel AK, Pruetz JD, Stewart FA, van Leeuwen KL, Wessling EG, Yoshikawa M. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in savanna landscapes. Evol Anthropol 2021; 30:399-420. [PMID: 34542218 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are the only great apes that inhabit hot, dry, and open savannas. We review the environmental pressures of savannas on chimpanzees, such as food and water scarcity, and the evidence for chimpanzees' behavioral responses to these landscapes. In our analysis, savannas were generally associated with low chimpanzee population densities and large home ranges. In addition, thermoregulatory behaviors that likely reduce hyperthermia risk, such as cave use, were frequently observed in the hottest and driest savanna landscapes. We hypothesize that such responses are evidence of a "savanna landscape effect" in chimpanzees and offer pathways for future research to understand its evolutionary processes and mechanisms. We conclude by discussing the significance of research on savanna chimpanzees to modeling the evolution of early hominin traits and informing conservation programs for these endangered apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Lindshield
- Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - R Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda H Korstjens
- Life and Environmental Sciences Department, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, UK
| | | | - Victor Narat
- CNRS/MNHN/Paris Diderot, UMR 7206 Eco-anthropology, Paris, France
| | - Papa Ibnou Ndiaye
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Hideshi Ogawa
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Alex K Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill D Pruetz
- Department of Anthropology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Fiona A Stewart
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly L van Leeuwen
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Poole, UK
| | - Erin G Wessling
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Midori Yoshikawa
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Varella MAC, Luoto S, Soares RBDS, Valentova JV. COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control. Front Psychol 2021; 12:646711. [PMID: 33828510 PMCID: PMC8019933 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche. The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species. Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-taking, and sociability (because of security in numbers). During night-time, individuals are generally tired and show decreased self-control and increased impulsive behaviors. The lower visibility during night-time favors the partial concealment of identity and opens more opportunities for disinhibition of self-interested behaviors. Indeed, individuals with an evening-oriented chronotype are more paranoid, risk-taking, extraverted, impulsive, promiscuous, and have higher antisocial personality traits. However, under some circumstances, such as respiratory pandemics, the psychobehavioral traits favored by the nocturnal niche might be counter-productive, increasing contagion rates of a disease that can evade the behavioral immune system because its disease cues are often nonexistent or mild. The eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis presented here suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the evening-oriented psychobehavioral profile can have collectively harmful consequences: there is a clash of core tendencies between the nocturnal chronotype and the recent viral transmission-mitigating safety guidelines and rules. The pandemic safety protocols disrupt much normal social activity, particularly at night when making new social contacts is desired. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious even in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which enables it to mostly evade our evolved contagious disease avoidance mechanisms. A growing body of research has indirectly shown that individual traits interfering with social distancing and anti-contagion measures are related to those of the nocturnal chronotype. Indeed, some of the social contexts that have been identified as superspreading events occur at night, such as in restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Furthermore, nocturnal environmental conditions favor the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus much longer than daytime conditions. We compare the eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis with other factors related to non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, namely sex, age, and life history. Although there is not yet a direct link between the nocturnal chronotype and non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, security measures and future empirical research should take this crucial evolutionary mismatch and adaptive metaproblem into account, and focus on how to avoid nocturnal individuals becoming superspreaders, offering secure alternatives for nocturnal social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Severi Luoto
- English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rafael Bento da Silva Soares
- Center for Science Communication and Education Studies, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Phillips S, Scheffrahn RH, Piel A, Stewart F, Agbor A, Brazzola G, Tickle A, Sommer V, Dieguez P, Wessling EG, Arandjelovic M, Kühl H, Boesch C, Oelze VM. Limited evidence of C4 plant consumption in mound building Macrotermes termites from savanna woodland chimpanzee sites. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244685. [PMID: 33566803 PMCID: PMC7875366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis is an increasingly used molecular tool to reconstruct the diet and ecology of elusive primates such as unhabituated chimpanzees. The consumption of C4 plant feeding termites by chimpanzees may partly explain the relatively high carbon isotope values reported for some chimpanzee communities. However, the modest availability of termite isotope data as well as the diversity and cryptic ecology of termites potentially consumed by chimpanzees obscures our ability to assess the plausibility of these termites as a C4 resource. Here we report the carbon and nitrogen isotope values from 79 Macrotermes termite samples from six savanna woodland chimpanzee research sites across equatorial Africa. Using mixing models, we estimated the proportion of Macrotermes C4 plant consumption across savanna woodland sites. Additionally, we tested for isotopic differences between termite colonies in different vegetation types and between the social castes within the same colony in a subset of 47 samples from 12 mounds. We found that Macrotermes carbon isotope values were indistinguishable from those of C3 plants. Only 5 to 15% of Macrotermes diets were comprised of C4 plants across sites, suggesting that they cannot be considered a C4 food resource substantially influencing the isotope signatures of consumers. In the Macrotermes subsample, vegetation type and caste were significantly correlated with termite carbon values, but not with nitrogen isotope values. Large Macrotermes soldiers, preferentially consumed by chimpanzees, had comparably low carbon isotope values relative to other termite castes. We conclude that Macrotermes consumption is unlikely to result in high carbon isotope values in either extant chimpanzees or fossil hominins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Phillips
- Anthropology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Rudolf H. Scheffrahn
- Fort Lauderdale Research & Education Center, Davie, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alex Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Stewart
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Agbor
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregory Brazzola
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Tickle
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Sommer
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Gashaka Primate Project, Serti, Taraba, Nigeria
| | - Paula Dieguez
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erin G. Wessling
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hjalmar Kühl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vicky M. Oelze
- Anthropology Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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11
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Stewart FA, Pruetz JD. Sex Bias and Social Influences on Savanna Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Nest Building Behavior. INT J PRIMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMany primates show sex differences in behavior, particularly social behavior, but also tool use for extractive foraging. All great apes learn to build a supportive structure for sleep. Whether sex differences exist in building, as in extractive foraging, is unknown, and little is known about how building skills develop and vary between individuals in the wild. We therefore aimed to describe the nesting behavior of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Fongoli, Senegal to provide comparative data and to investigate possible sex or age differences in nest building behaviors and nest characteristics. We followed chimpanzee groups to their night nesting sites to record group (55 nights) and individual level data (17 individuals) on nest building initiation and duration (57 nests) during the dry season between October 2007 and March 2008. We returned the following morning to record nest and tree characteristics (71 nests built by 25 individuals). Fongoli chimpanzees nested later than reported for other great apes, but no sex differences in initiating building emerged. Observations were limited but suggest adult females and immature males to nest higher, in larger trees than adult males, and adult females to take longer to build than either adult or immature males. Smaller females and immature males may avoid predation or access thinner, malleable branches, by nesting higher than adult males. These differences suggest that sex differences described for chimpanzee tool use may extend to nest building, with females investing more time and effort in constructing a safe, warm structure for sleep than males do.
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12
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Reinhardt KD. Wild primate sleep: understanding sleep in an ecological context. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Tédonzong LRD, Willie J, Makengveu ST, Lens L, Tagg N. Variation in behavioral traits of two frugivorous mammals may lead to differential responses to human disturbance. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3798-3813. [PMID: 32313637 PMCID: PMC7160177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities can lead to a shift in wildlife species' spatial distribution. Understanding the specific effects of human activities on ranging behavior can improve conservation management of wildlife populations in human-dominated landscapes. This study evaluated the effects of forest use by humans on the spatial distribution of mammal species with different behavioral adaptations, using sympatric western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee as focal species. We collected data on great ape nest locations, ecological and physical variables (habitat distribution, permanent rivers, and topographic data), and anthropogenic variables (distance to trails, villages, and a permanent research site). Here, we show that anthropogenic variables are important predictors of the distribution of wild animals. In the resource model, the distribution of gorilla nests was predicted by nesting habitat distribution, while chimpanzee nests were predicted first by elevation followed by nesting habitat distribution. In the anthropogenic model, the major predictors of gorilla nesting changed to human features, while the major predictors of chimpanzee nesting remained elevation and the availability of their preferred nesting habitats. Animal behavioral traits (body size, terrestrial/arboreal, level of specialization/generalization, and competitive inferiority/superiority) may influence the response of mammals to human activities. Our results suggest that chimpanzees may survive in human-encroached areas whenever the availability of their nesting habitat and preferred fruits can support their population, while a certain level of human activities may threaten gorillas. Consequently, the survival of gorillas in human-dominated landscapes is more at risk than that of chimpanzees. Replicating our research in other sites should permit a systematic evaluation of the influence of human activity on the distribution of mammal populations. As wild animals are increasingly exposed to human disturbance, understanding the resulting consequences of shifting species distributions due to human disturbance on animal population abundance and their long-term survival will be of growing conservation importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Roscelin Dongmo Tédonzong
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
- Present address:
Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF)MonroviaLiberia
| | - Jacob Willie
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
| | - Sandra Tewamba Makengveu
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
- Department of ForestryFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)University of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC)Department of BiologyGhent University (UGent)GhentBelgium
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Projet Grands Singes (PGS), CameroonCentre for Research and Conservation (CRC)Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA)AntwerpenBelgium
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14
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How to measure chimpanzee party size? A methodological comparison. Primates 2020; 61:201-212. [PMID: 31894437 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) live in fission-fusion societies where community members form temporary parties that frequently change in size and composition. Chimpanzee party size and composition have been widely studied to identify proximate causes of grouping patterns, and party size estimates are used to assess population sizes and densities. Numerous socio-ecological factors influence chimpanzee party size, but findings differ across studies. Various methods to measure party size exist, including direct observations, motion-triggered camera (MTC) observations, and nest counts. However, comparative analyses of these methods are lacking. Here, we assess relative differences in four commonly used party size methods and we examine socio-ecological factors influencing party size of unhabituated chimpanzees (P. t. verus) at Seringbara, Nimba, Guinea. We also assess which method(s) best reflect the influence of socio-ecological factors on party size. Using data collected over 69 months, we show that night nest counts resulted in relatively larger party size estimates than the other methods, and day nest counts resulted in relatively smaller party size estimates. Direct and MTC observations did not differ in relative estimates of party size and composition. Both fruit abundance and presence of estrous females positively influenced party size, but this effect was only evident when measuring party size with MTCs. Methods thus differ in relative party size estimates and their ability to assess the impact of socio-ecological factors. We conclude that MTC observations best represent party size and the effect of socio-ecological factors at Nimba. MTCs show promising potential for studying grouping patterns in unhabituated chimpanzees.
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15
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Samson DR, Louden LA, Gerstner K, Wylie S, Lake B, White BJ, Nunn CL, Hunt KD. Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) Group Sleep and Pathogen-Vector Avoidance: Experimental Support for the Encounter-Dilution Effect. INT J PRIMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Ayers AM, Allan ATL, Howlett C, Tordiffe ASW, Williams KS, Williams ST, Hill RA. Illuminating movement? Nocturnal activity patterns in chacma baboons. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ayers
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - A. T. L. Allan
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - C. Howlett
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- School of Anthropology and Conservation The University of Kent Canterbury Kent UK
| | - A. S. W. Tordiffe
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
| | - K. S. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
| | - S. T. Williams
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE) Thohoyandou South Africa
| | - R. A. Hill
- Department of Anthropology Durham University Durham UK
- Primate and Predator Project Lajuma Research Centre Makhado South Africa
- Department of Zoology University of Venda Thohoyandou South Africa
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17
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Carvalho JS, Graham B, Rebelo H, Bocksberger G, Meyer CFJ, Wich S, Kühl HS. A global risk assessment of primates under climate and land use/cover scenarios. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3163-3178. [PMID: 31034733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Primates are facing an impending extinction crisis, driven by extensive habitat loss, land use change and hunting. Climate change is an additional threat, which alone or in combination with other drivers, may severely impact those taxa unable to track suitable environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the extent of climate and land use/cover (LUC) change-related risks for primates. We employed an analytical approach to objectively select a subset of climate scenarios, for which we then calculated changes in climatic and LUC conditions for 2050 across primate ranges (N = 426 species) under a best-case scenario and a worst-case scenario. Generalized linear models were used to examine whether these changes varied according to region, conservation status, range extent and dominant habitat. Finally, we reclassified primate ranges based on different magnitudes of maximum temperature change, and quantified the proportion of ranges overall and of primate hotspots in particular that are likely to be exposed to extreme temperature increases. We found that, under the worst-case scenario, 74% of Neotropical forest-dwelling primates are likely to be exposed to maximum temperature increases up to 7°C. In contrast, 38% of Malagasy savanna primates will experience less pronounced warming of up to 3.5°C. About one quarter of Asian and African primates will face up to 50% crop expansion within their range. Primary land (undisturbed habitat) is expected to disappear across species' ranges, whereas secondary land (disturbed habitat) will increase by up to 98%. With 86% of primate ranges likely to be exposed to maximum temperature increases >3°C, primate hotspots in the Neotropics are expected to be particularly vulnerable. Our study highlights the fundamental exposure risk of a large percentage of primate ranges to predicted climate and LUC changes. Importantly, our findings underscore the urgency with which climate change mitigation measures need to be implemented to avert primate extinctions on an unprecedented scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Carvalho
- Faculty of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Bruce Graham
- Faculty of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Serge Wich
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Kühl HS, Boesch C, Kulik L, Haas F, Arandjelovic M, Dieguez P, Bocksberger G, Agbor A, Angedakin S, Ayimisin EA, Bessone M, Brazzola G, Chancellor R, Cohen H, Coupland C, Danquah E, Deschner T, Dowd D, Goedmakers A, Granjon AC, Head J, Hedwig D, Hermans V, Jones S, Junker J, Langergraber KE, Lapuente J, Lee K, Llana M, Marrocoli S, Martin R, McCarthy MS, Meier AC, Morgan D, Murai M, Neil E, Normand E, Ormsby LJ, Pacheco L, Piel A, Regnaut S, Rundus A, Sanz C, Stewart F, Tagg N, Vergnes V, Welsh A, Wessling EG, Willie J, Wittig RM, Yuh YG, Yurkiw K, Kalan AK. Inclusive chimpanzee conservation-Response. Science 2019; 364:1040-1041. [PMID: 31197004 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. .,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Haas
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Dieguez
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gaëlle Bocksberger
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anthony Agbor
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Mattia Bessone
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregory Brazzola
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca Chancellor
- Department of Anthropology & Sociology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19382, USA.,Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19382, USA
| | - Heather Cohen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Danquah
- Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dervla Dowd
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Josephine Head
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Hedwig
- The Aspinall Foundation, Port Lympne Wild Animal Park, Hythe, Kent, UK.,Elephant Listening Project, Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sorrel Jones
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Royal Holloway, University of London Egham Hill, Egham Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.,Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Jessica Junker
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin E Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Juan Lapuente
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Lee
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Manuel Llana
- Instituto Jane Goodall España, Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Dindéfélo, Région de Kédougou, Senegal
| | - Sergio Marrocoli
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rumen Martin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maureen S McCarthy
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amelia C Meier
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Morgan
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Mizuki Murai
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emily Neil
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Normand
- Wild Chimpanzee Foundation, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lucy Jayne Ormsby
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Liliana Pacheco
- Instituto Jane Goodall España, Station Biologique Fouta Djallon, Dindéfélo, Région de Kédougou, Senegal
| | - Alex Piel
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Aaron Rundus
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19382, USA
| | - Crickette Sanz
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fiona Stewart
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Adam Welsh
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erin G Wessling
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacob Willie
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium.,Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Abidjan 01, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Yisa Ginath Yuh
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kyle Yurkiw
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ammie K Kalan
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Martin MA. Biological Anthropology in 2018: Grounded in Theory, Questioning Contexts, Embracing Innovation. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Nesting, sleeping, and nighttime behaviors in wild and captive great apes. Primates 2019; 60:321-332. [PMID: 30972523 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have seen a burgeoning of scientific studies on great apes' use of nests for sleeping in the wild, as well as their nesting behavior and sleep in captivity. We review recent advances in knowledge of these topics, with the aim of promoting information exchange between people working in the field and with captive great apes. We trace developments in research into nest-building techniques in adults and immatures, factors that influence selection of general sleeping sites and specific locations, social aspects of sleep, postures, and nighttime activities. We argue that exchanges of information deriving from studies of captive and wild apes are valuable for obtaining a better understanding of sleep-related adaptations in our nearest evolutionary neighbors, and conclude by making some recommendations regarding sleeping arrangements in captivity from a welfare perspective.
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21
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Kalan AK, Hohmann G, Arandjelovic M, Boesch C, McCarthy MS, Agbor A, Angedakin S, Bailey E, Balongelwa CW, Bessone M, Bocksberger G, Coxe SJ, Deschner T, Després-Einspenner ML, Dieguez P, Fruth B, Herbinger I, Granjon AC, Head J, Kablan YA, Langergraber KE, Lokasola AL, Maretti G, Marrocoli S, Mbende M, Moustgaard J, N'Goran PK, Robbins MM, van Schijndel J, Sommer V, Surbeck M, Tagg N, Willie J, Wittig RM, Kühl HS. Novelty Response of Wild African Apes to Camera Traps. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1211-1217.e3. [PMID: 30880013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Temperament and personality research in humans and nonhuman animals measures behavioral variation in individual, population, or species-specific traits with implications for survival and fitness, such as social status, foraging, and mating success [1-5]. Curiosity and risk-taking tendencies have been studied extensively across taxa by measuring boldness and exploration responses to experimental novelty exposure [3, 4, 6-15]. Here, we conduct a natural field experiment using wildlife monitoring technology to test variation in the reaction of wild great apes (43 groups of naive chimpanzees, bonobos, and western gorillas across 14 field sites in Africa) to a novel object, the camera trap. Bonobo and gorilla groups demonstrated a stronger looking impulse toward the camera trap device compared to chimpanzees, suggesting higher visual attention and curiosity. Bonobos were also more likely to show alarm and other fearful behaviors, although such neophobic (and conversely, neophilic) responses were generally rare. Among all three species, individuals looked at cameras longer when they were young, were associating with fewer individuals, and did not live near a long-term research site. Overall, these findings partially validate results from great ape novelty paradigms in captivity [7, 8]. We further suggest that species-typical leadership styles [16] and social and environmental effects, including familiarity with humans, best explain novelty responses of wild great apes. In sum, this study illustrates the feasibility of large-scale field experiments and the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in shaping animal curiosity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammie K Kalan
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF), Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maureen S McCarthy
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anthony Agbor
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel Angedakin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Bailey
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosma Wilungula Balongelwa
- Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN), 13 Avenue des Cliniques, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mattia Bessone
- Faculty of Biology/Department of Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großaderner Straße 2,D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gaëlle Bocksberger
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sally Jewel Coxe
- Bonobo Conservation Initiative, 2701 Connecticut Ave. NW #702, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie-Lyne Després-Einspenner
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Dieguez
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilka Herbinger
- Department of Africa and South America, WWF Germany, Reinhardtstr. 18, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Céline Granjon
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josephine Head
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yves Aka Kablan
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF), Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin E Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, 900 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Albert Lotana Lokasola
- Bonobo Conservation Initiative, 2701 Connecticut Ave. NW #702, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Giovanna Maretti
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Marrocoli
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Menard Mbende
- WWF in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), 14, Avenue Sergent Moke, Commune de Ngaliema, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jennifer Moustgaard
- Bonobo Conservation Initiative, 2701 Connecticut Ave. NW #702, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | | | - Martha M Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joost van Schijndel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Sommer
- Gashaka Primate Project, Nigeria c/o Department of Anthropology, University College London, London WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Martin Surbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Bonobo Conservation Initiative, 2701 Connecticut Ave. NW #702, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacob Willie
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, B-2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Taï Chimpanzee Project, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, BP 1301, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Leipzig-Jena, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Fruth B, Tagg N, Stewart F. Sleep and nesting behavior in primates: A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:499-509. [PMID: 29989164 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a universal behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate animals, suggesting it originated in the very first life forms. Given the vital function of sleep, sleeping patterns and sleep architecture follow dynamic and adaptive processes reflecting trade-offs to different selective pressures. Here, we review responses in sleep and sleep-related behavior to environmental constraints across primate species, focusing on the role of great ape nest building in hominid evolution. We summarize and synthesize major hypotheses explaining the proximate and ultimate functions of great ape nest building across all species and subspecies; we draw on 46 original studies published between 2000 and 2017. In addition, we integrate the most recent data brought together by researchers from a complementary range of disciplines in the frame of the symposium "Burning the midnight oil" held at the 26th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Chicago, August 2016, as well as some additional contributors, each of which is included as a "stand-alone" article in this "Primate Sleep" symposium set. In doing so, we present crucial factors to be considered in describing scenarios of human sleep evolution: (a) the implications of nest construction for sleep quality and cognition; (b) the tree-to-ground transition in early hominids; (c) the peculiarities of human sleep. We propose bridging disciplines such as neurobiology, endocrinology, medicine, and evolutionary ecology, so that future research may disentangle the major functions of sleep in human and nonhuman primates, namely its role in energy allocation, health, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Fruth
- Centre for Research and Conservation/KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Science/School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.,Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Biology/Department of Neurobiology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Germany
| | - Nikki Tagg
- Centre for Research and Conservation/KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Faculty of Science/School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
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23
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Bidner LR, Matsumoto‐Oda A, Isbell LA. The role of sleeping sites in the predator‐prey dynamics of leopards and olive baboons. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22932. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Bidner
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
| | - Akiko Matsumoto‐Oda
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
- Graduate School of Tourism SciencesUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- Mpala Research CentreNanyukiKenya
- Animal Behavior Graduate GroupUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
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24
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Piel AK. Temporal patterns of chimpanzee loud calls in the Issa Valley, Tanzania: Evidence of nocturnal acoustic behavior in wild chimpanzees. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:530-540. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex K. Piel
- School of Natural Sciences and PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool United Kingdom
- Greater Mahale Ecosystem Research and Conservation (Project) Tanzania
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