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de Gruchy YA, Faillace KE, Van de Vijver K, Schotsmans EMJ, Seifert J, Bricking A, Nederbragt AJ, Madgwick R. Bone of contention: Intra-element variability in remodelling of human femora based on histomorphometric and isotope analyses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305089. [PMID: 38923938 PMCID: PMC11207156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The volume of human carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope data produced in archaeological research has increased markedly in recent years. However, knowledge of bone remodelling, its impact on isotope variation, and the temporal resolution of isotope data remains poorly understood. Varied remodelling rates mean different elements (e.g., femur and rib) produce different temporal signals but little research has examined intra-element variability. This study investigates human bone remodelling using osteon population density and the relationship with carbon and nitrogen isotope data at a high resolution, focusing on variation through femoral cross-sections, from periosteal to endosteal surfaces. Results demonstrate considerable differences in isotope values between cross-sectional segments of a single fragment, by up to 1.3‰ for carbon and 1.8‰ for nitrogen, illustrating the need for standardised sampling strategies. Remodelling also varies between bone sections, occurring predominantly within the endosteal portion, followed by the midcortical and periosteal. Therefore, the endosteal portion likely reflects a shorter period of life closer to the time of death, consistent with expectations. By contrast, the periosteal surface provides a longer average, though there were exceptions to this. Results revealed a weak negative correlation between osteon population density and δ15N or δ13C, confirming that remodelling has an effect on isotope values but is not the principal driver. However, a consistent elevation of δ15N and δ13C (0.5‰ average) was found between the endosteal and periosteal regions, which requires further investigation. These findings suggest that, with further research, there is potential for single bone fragments to reconstruct in-life dietary change and mobility, thus reducing destructive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A. de Gruchy
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E. Faillace
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jerrod Seifert
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adelle Bricking
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Amgueddfa Cymru–Museum Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Madgwick
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Riccomi G, Simonit R, Maudet S, Scott E, Lucas M, Giuffra V, Roberts P. Diets, stress, and disease in the Etruscan society: Isotope analysis and infantile skeletal palaeopathology from Pontecagnano (Campania, southern Italy, 730-580 BCE). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302334. [PMID: 38748638 PMCID: PMC11095689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to morbidity and mortality is increased in early life, yet proactive measures, such as breastfeeding and weaning practices, can be taken through specific investments from parents and wider society. The extent to which such biosocialcultural investment was achieved within 1st millennium BCE Etruscan society, of whom little written sources are available, is unkown. This research investigates life histories in non-adults and adults from Pontecagnano (southern Italy, 730-580 BCE) in order to track cross-sectional and longitudinal breastfeeding and weaning patterns and to characterize the diet more broadly. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of incrementally-sampled deciduous and permanent dentine (n = 15), bulk bone collagen (n = 38), and tooth enamel bioapatite (n = 21) reveal the diet was largely based on C3 staple crops with marginal contributions of animal protein. Millet was found to play a role for maternal diet and trajectories of breastfeeding and feeding for some infants and children at the site. The combination of multiple isotope systems and tissues demonstrates exclusive breastfeeding was pursued until 0.6 years, followed by progressive introduction of proteanocius supplementary foods during weaning that lasted between approximately 0.7 and 2.6 years. The combination of biochemical data with macroscopic skeletal lesions of infantile metabolic diseases and physiological stress markers showed high δ15Ndentine in the months prior to death consistent with the isotopic pattern of opposing covariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Riccomi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Division of Paleopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rachele Simonit
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Division of Paleopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Erin Scott
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, isoTROPIC Research Group, Jena, Germany
| | - Valentina Giuffra
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Division of Paleopathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, isoTROPIC Research Group, Jena, Germany
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Herrscher E, Valentin F, Zinger W, Pradier B, André G. Life histories in Fiji as reconstructed from first millennium CE Sigatoka Sand Dune burials using isotopes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300749. [PMID: 38723036 PMCID: PMC11081393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to re-examine the dietary practices of individuals buried at Sigatoka Sand Dunes site (Fiji) in Burial Ground 1 excavated by Simon Best in 1987 and 1988 using two approaches and a reassessment of their archaeological, bioarchaeological and chronological frame. First, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was applied to document dietary changes between childhood and adulthood using an intra-individual approach on paired bone-tooth. Second, the potential adaptation of the individuals to their environment was evaluated through regional and temporal comparisons using inter-individual bone analysis. Ten AMS radiocarbon dates were measured directly on human bone collagen samples, placing the series in a range of approximately 600 years covering the middle of the first millennium CE (1,888 to 1,272 cal BP). δ13C and δ15N ratios were measured on bone and tooth collagen samples from 38 adult individuals. The results show that δ15N values from tooth are higher than those s from bone while bone and tooth δ13C values are similar, except for females. Fifteen individuals were included in an intra-individual analysis based on paired bone and tooth samples, which revealed six dietary patterns distinguished by a differential dietary intake of marine resources and resources at different trophic levels. These highlight sex-specific differences not related to mortuary practices but to daily life activities, supporting the hypothesis of a sexual division of labour. Compared to other Southwest Pacific series, Sigatoka diets show a specific trend towards marine food consumption that supports the hypothesis of a relative food self-sufficiency requiring no interactions with other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Herrscher
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, Aix–en–Provence, France
| | | | - Wanda Zinger
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo–and Palaeogenetics Group, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Guy André
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, Aix–en–Provence, France
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Sánchez-Cañadillas E, Beaumont J, Santana-Cabrera J, Gorton M, Arnay-de-la-Rosa M. The early lives of the islanders: Stable isotope analysis of incremental dentine collagen from the prehispanic period of the Canary Islands. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:300-317. [PMID: 37530169 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study presents isotopic information for incremental dentine collagen and bone bulk collagen from individuals from the Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) to explore dietary differences during childhood life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight individuals have been studied, which comprises 122 δ15 N and δ13 C incremental dentine measurements and eight bulk bone collagen analyses. A baseline of potentially consumed food sources has been developed for comparative purposes. A food reconstruction using isotopic transferred signals (FRUITS) model of probable contributions of each food source towards the diet of each individual has been developed. All samples but one belongs to the later period of indigenous occupation of the archipelago. RESULTS The dentine collagen data are presented in correlated δ13 C and δ15 N plots per individual, showing the isotopic changes throughout time. δ15 N values for each individual tend to be variable whereas δ13 C data are generally more stable with a range of +9.1 to +14‰ for δ15 N and -17.4 to -20.8‰ for δ13 C. CONCLUSION The isotopic analysis allows for the reconstruction of eight dietary profiles, which allow us to estimate the different dietary protein sources. The FRUITS model shows different percentages of the primary food sources for each individual. Where both δ13 C and δ15 N are elevated, this could be indicative of a higher marine contribution to the diet. There appear to be two main dietary profiles identifiable in the dataset and these may be related to changes in status or place of residence. Short-term variations in δ13 C and δ15 N and opposing co-variance of isotopic values can be indicative of nutritional stress, although metabolic changes during growth are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Sánchez-Cañadillas
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Jonathan Santana-Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marise Gorton
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Matilde Arnay-de-la-Rosa
- Departamento de Geografía e Historia, Unidad de Docencia e Investigación de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Spain
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Chidimuro B, Mundorff A, Speller C, Radini A, Boudreault N, Lucas M, Holst M, Lamb A, Collins M, Alexander M. Isotope analysis of human dental calculus δ 13 CO 3 2- : Investigating a potential new proxy for sugar consumption. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9286. [PMID: 35261104 PMCID: PMC9286614 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) is composed primarily of hydroxyapatite. We hypothesise that the carbonate component of dental calculus will reflect the isotopic composition of ingested simple carbohydrates. Therefore, dental calculus carbonates may be an indicator for sugar consumption, and an alternative to bone carbonate in isotopic palaeodiet studies. METHODS We utilised Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance analysis to characterise the composition and crystallisation of bone and dental calculus before isotope analysis of carbonate. Using a Sercon 20-22 mass spectrometer coupled with a Sercon GSL sample preparation system and an IsoPrime 100 dual inlet mass spectrometer plus Multiprep device to measure carbon, we tested the potential of dental calculus carbonate to identify C4 resources in diet through analysis of δ13 C values in paired bone, calculus and teeth mineral samples. RESULTS The modern population shows higher δ13 C values in all three tissue carbonates compared to both archaeological populations. Clear differences in dental calculus δ13 C values are observed between the modern and archaeological individuals suggesting potential for utilising dental calculus in isotope palaeodiet studies. The offset between dental calculus and either bone or enamel carbonate δ13 C values is large and consistent in direction, with no consistent offset between the δ13 C values for the three tissues per individual. CONCLUSIONS Our results support dental calculus carbonate as a new biomaterial to identify C4 sugar through isotope analysis. Greater carbon fractionation in the mouth is likely due to the complex formation of dental calculus as a mineralized biofilm, which results in consistently high δ13 C values compared to bone and enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Chidimuro
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Amy Mundorff
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Camilla Speller
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Anita Radini
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | - Mary Lucas
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Department of ArchaeologyMax Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryJenaGermany
| | - Malin Holst
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- York Osteoarchaeology Ltd, Bishop WiltonYorkUK
| | - Angela Lamb
- National Environmental Isotope Facility, British Geological SurveyKeyworthUK
| | - Matthew Collins
- BioArCh, Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Waters-Rist AL, de Groot K, Hoogland MLP. Isotopic reconstruction of short to absent breastfeeding in a 19th century rural Dutch community. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265821. [PMID: 35417480 PMCID: PMC9007374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial feeding of young infants is considered a modern phenomenon. However, historical sources note its practice in some past European populations. This research explores factors that contributed to a short to absent period of breastfeeding in pre-modern Netherlands. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis is undertaken on 277 19th century individuals from Beemster, a, rural, mainly Protestant, dairy farming community. An intra-individual sampling approach for ≤6 year-olds compares newer metaphyseal to older diaphyseal long bone collagen to classify feeding status at death. Archivally identified individuals permit analyses of sex and year-of-death. Few infants have isotopic evidence for breastfeeding and, if present, it was likely of short duration or a minor source of dietary protein. From only a few weeks to months of age infants were fed cow’s milk and paps with sugar. There is broad dietary homogeneity with no sex or temporal isotopic differences, but young infants (1–11 months) have the most ẟ15N and ẟ13C variation highlighting the effect of multiple dietary and physiological processes. Beemster had many factors associated with high rates of breastfeeding in other Dutch communities, yet, most mothers did not breastfeed, or not for long, showing that regional variation in infant feeding is influenced by community values and traditions. On top of child rearing and domestic chores, female dairy farmers were in charge of milking cattle and dairy production, an important income source, suggesting high workload was also a factor in short or absent breastfeeding periods, aided by the constant supply of fresh milk that could be fed to an infant by an older sibling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Waters-Rist
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, North Holland, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Kees de Groot
- Historical Society of Beemster, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Menno L. P. Hoogland
- Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal, Land en Volkenkunde (KITLV), Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Stantis C, Maaranen N, Kharobi A, Nowell GM, Macpherson C, Doumet‐Serhal C, Schutkowski H. Sidon on the breadth of the wild sea: Movement and diet on the Mediterranean coast in the Middle Bronze Age. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 177:116-133. [PMID: 36787764 PMCID: PMC9298383 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excavations at Sidon (Lebanon) have revealed dual identities during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000-1600 BCE): a maritime port and center for local distribution, as well as a settlement with a heavy subsistence dependence on the extensive inland hinterlands. We aim to investigate residential mobility at Sidon using isotopic analyses of 112 individuals from 83 burials (20 females, 26 males, and 37 subadults). Veneration and remembrance of the dead is evident from funerary offerings in and near the tombs. With marine fish a major component in funerary offerings, we predict major marine reliance in this coastal population. MATERIALS AND METHODS New isotopic evidence of paleomobility (87 Sr/86 Sr, δ18 O) and diet (δ13 Ccarbonate ) is the focus of this research. Previous bulk bone collagen δ13 C and δ15 N analysis is strengthened by further sampling, along with δ34 S where collagen yield was sufficient. RESULTS The five non-locals identified (8.9% of the 56 analyzed) come from constructed tombs with high-status grave goods except for one, which was heavily disturbed in antiquity. Dietary investigation of the population confirms reliance on terrestrial resources with no significant marine input. No significant differences in diet between the sexes or burial types are present. CONCLUSIONS Although Sidon was part of a growing Mediterranean network evidenced through artefactual finds, relatively low immigration is evident. While religious feasts venerating the dead may have involved significant piscine components, no appreciable marine input in diet is observed. Fish may have been reserved for the deceased or only consumed on feast days alongside the dead rather than a regular part of the Bronze Age menu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Stantis
- Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK,Department of AnthropologyNational Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nina Maaranen
- Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | - Arwa Kharobi
- Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK,PACEA ‐ De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et AnthropologieUMR CNRS 5199, Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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O'Donoghue R, Walker D, Beaumont J. Children of the abyss: Investigating the association between isotopic physiological stress and skeletal pathology in London during the Industrial Revolution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 35:61-80. [PMID: 34715484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project sought to investigate whether an association may be observed between isotopic stress indicators and skeletal evidence of pathological conditions. MATERIALS Deciduous and permanent teeth of 15 non-adults from two contemporaneous mid-19th century London burial grounds (City Bunhill, Lukin Street). METHODS δ13C and δ15N was measured in the incrementally sectioned dentine collagen. Isotopic profiles for each individual included death during tooth development. RESULTS Individuals with skeletal evidence of chronic pathological conditions (e.g., rickets, tuberculosis) exhibited raised δ15N values of 0.5-1.7‰ in the months prior to death. Isotopic change consistent with chronic physiological stress prior to death was also recorded in two individuals with no skeletal evidence of disease. An offset was observed between co-forming bone and dentine δ15N values in both populations, indicating that bone and dentine are not recording the same isotopic changes. CONCLUSIONS Isotopic change consistent with chronic physiological stress was observed in both those with and without skeletal evidence of disease, suggesting that adaptation to chronic stress in childhood was not uncommon within these 19th century London populations. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic physiological stress prior to death may be seen in the incrementally sampled dentine of non-adults who die during tooth formation. LIMITATIONS The temporal resolution of current dentine micro-sampling methods may mask or minimise visibility of shorter-term periods of stress or dietary change. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Future research should further explore the relationship between specific skeletal pathologies and isotopic evidence for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O'Donoghue
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Don Walker
- Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London, N1 7ED, UK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Bogin B. Fear, violence, inequality, and stunting in Guatemala. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23627. [PMID: 34125987 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting is defined by the public health community as a length- or height-for-age <-2 SD of a growth standard or reference and is claimed to be caused by poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Stunting is common at all income levels in middle- and low-income countries. At the higher income levels, stunting is unlikely to be caused by nutrient deficiency or infectious disease. RESULTS In Guatemala, 17% of <5-year-olds in the highest family income quintile are stunted. Guatemala has a history of violence from armed conflict, current-day social and economic inequalities, government corruption, and threat of kidnapping for the wealthiest families. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The high level of persistent violence creates an ecology of fear, an extreme range of inequalities in Social-Economic-Political-Emotional resources, and biosocial stress that inhibits skeletal growth and causes stunting for people of all income levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Bogin
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,UCSD/Salk Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California San Diego, USA
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Perry MA, Edwards E. Differential diagnosis of metabolic disease in a commingled sample from 19th century Hisban, Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:220-233. [PMID: 34004547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research attempts a differential diagnosis of skeletal lesions in a commingled sample from Hisban, Jordan, focusing on non-adults in the assemblage. MATERIALS 2,883 well-preserved skeletal elements and 9 relatively complete skulls representing an MNI of 32 non-adults (<18 years old). METHODS All skeletal elements were observed macroscopically and pathophysiological processes underlying any lesions or other anomalies were assessed, followed by a comparative approach to rule out potential diagnoses. RESULTS The skeletal lesions observed were caused by inflammation due to chronic hemorrhaging, marrow hyperplasia due to an increase in hemopoiesis, rapid bone growth, and the impact of biomechanical strain on poorly mineralized elements. Rickets, scurvy, and acquired anemias best fit this pattern of lesions, although inflammation from other sources such as trauma or infection could not be definitively ruled out. CONCLUSIONS The in utero and postnatal environments at Hisban were conducive to the development of vitamin C and D deficiencies from birth until 2 years of age. The analysis of commingled remains requires an ontological shift in the importance of the individual to the population in paleopathology. SIGNIFICANCE This investigation demonstrates the efficacy of a combined biological and comparative approach in differential diagnosis in complicated commingled collections. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of the mother-infant dyad in understanding metabolic disease. LIMITATIONS Histological and radiographic analyses were not included in this diagnostic study due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Isotopic analysis to investigate childhood diet and histological and radiographic analyses to assess survival of deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Perry
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
| | - Emily Edwards
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
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Varalli A, Desideri J, David-Elbiali M, Goude G, Honegger M, Besse M. Bronze Age innovations and impact on human diet: A multi-isotopic and multi-proxy study of western Switzerland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245726. [PMID: 33503025 PMCID: PMC7840060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The archaeological Bronze Age record in Europe reveals unprecedented changes in subsistence strategies due to innovative farming techniques and new crop cultivation. Increasing cultural exchanges affected the economic system. The inhabitants of Switzerland played a pivotal role in this European context through relationships with the Mediterranean, the High and Middle Danube regions and the Alps thanks to the area’s central position. This research aims to reconstruct, for the first time in Switzerland, human socio-economic systems through the study of human diet, herding and farming practices and their changes throughout the Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) by means of biochemical markers. The study includes 41 human, 22 terrestrial and aquatic animal specimens and 30 charred seeds and chaff samples from sites in western Switzerland. Stable isotope analyses were performed on cereal and legume seeds (δ13C, δ15N), animal bone collagen (δ13Ccoll, δ15N, δ34S), human bone and tooth dentine collagen (δ13Ccoll, δ15N,) and human tooth enamel (δ13Cenamel). The isotopic data suggest a) an intensification of soil fertilization and no hydric stress throughout the Bronze Age, b) a human diet mainly composed of terrestrial resources despite the proximity of Lake Geneva and the Rhone river, c) a diet based on C3 plants during the Early and Middle Bronze Age as opposed to the significant consumption of 13C-enriched resources (probably millet) by individuals from the Final Bronze Age, d) no important changes in dietary patterns throughout an individual’s lifespan but a more varied diet in childhood compared to adulthood, e) no differences in diet according to biological criteria (age, sex) or funerary behavior (burial architecture, grave goods).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Varalli
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Jocelyne Desideri
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mireille David-Elbiali
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gwenaëlle Goude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist of Culture, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Matthieu Honegger
- Institut d’Archéologie, University of Neuchâtel, Hauterive, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besse
- Laboratory of Prehistoric Archaeology and Anthropology, Department F.-A. Forel, Section of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kendall E, Millard A, Beaumont J. The "weanling's dilemma" revisited: Evolving bodies of evidence and the problem of infant paleodietary interpretation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175 Suppl 72:57-78. [PMID: 33460467 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is known to be a powerful mediator of maternal and childhood health, with impacts throughout the life course. Paleodietary studies of the past 30 years have accordingly taken an enduring interest in the health and diet of young children as a potential indicator of population fertility, subsistence, and mortality patterns. While progress has been made in recent decades toward acknowledging the agency of children, many paleodietary reconstructions have failed to incorporate developments in cognate disciplines revealing synergistic dynamics between maternal and offspring biology. Paleodietary interpretation has relied heavily on the "weanling's dilemma," in which infants are thought to face a bleak choice between loss of immunity or malnutrition. Using a review of immunological and epidemiological evidence for the dynamic and supportive role that breastfeeding plays throughout the complementary feeding period, this article offers context and nuance for understanding past feeding transitions. We suggest that future interpretative frameworks for infant paleodietary and bioarchaeological research should include a broad knowledge base that keeps pace with relevant developments outside of those disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kendall
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Andrew Millard
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Czermak A, Fernández‐Crespo T, Ditchfield PW, Lee‐Thorp JA. A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age‐alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:776-783. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Czermak
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Teresa Fernández‐Crespo
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Laboratoire mediterranéen de préhistoire Europe Afrique – UMR 7269, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Aix‐Marseille Université, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l'homme Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | - Peter W. Ditchfield
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Julia A. Lee‐Thorp
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Miller MJ, Dong Y, Pechenkina K, Fan W, Halcrow SE. Raising girls and boys in early China: Stable isotope data reveal sex differences in weaning and childhood diets during the eastern Zhou era. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:567-585. [PMID: 32141612 PMCID: PMC7496748 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using stable isotope analysis of incremental dentin segments, we reconstruct breastfeeding, weaning, and childhood dietary patterns of Eastern Zhou period (771-221 BC) individuals from the Central Plains of China. Previous isotopic research on the Eastern Zhou demonstrated dietary difference between male and female diets in adulthood via bone collagen analysis. To understand the development of gendered dietary patterns we must examine the early life period. We aim to identify the timing of the weaning process, whether childhood diets were the same as adulthood diets, and if there were differences between the diets of boys and girls during childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present incremental dentin and bone collagen δ13 C and δ15 N isotope data from 23 individuals from two Eastern Zhou archaeological sites (Xiyasi and Changxinyuan ). RESULTS Weaning was completed between ages 2.5 and 4 years. Females were weaned slightly earlier than males. Early childhood diets show significant incorporation of C3 foods, such as wheat and soybean, for almost all children, while later adulthood diets indicate greater incorporation of C4 foods (millets), particularly for males. DISCUSSION Childhood diets included greater amounts of C3 foods than expected, suggesting that grains such as wheat may have been adopted in these communities as foods for children. Nevertheless, dietary differentiation between females and males began in childhood, with boys eating more millets (C4 foods) than girls. The findings suggest that feeding children was a significant aspect of socialization and cultural gendering of individuals in ancient China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Miller
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- Archaeological Research FacilityUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Cultural HeritageShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Kate Pechenkina
- Department of AnthropologyQueens CollegeNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Wenquan Fan
- Research Division of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyZhengzhouChina
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Walter BS, DeWitte SN, Dupras T, Beaumont J. Assessment of nutritional stress in famine burials using stable isotope analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:214-226. [PMID: 32243588 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared δ15 N and δ13 C values from bone and dentine collagen profiles of individuals interred in famine-related and attritional burials to evaluate whether individuals in medieval London who experienced nutritional stress exhibit enriched nitrogen in bone and tooth tissue. Dentine profiles were evaluated to identify patterns that may be indicative of famine during childhood and were compared with the age of enamel hypoplasia (EH) formation to assess whether isotopic patterns of undernutrition coincide with the timing of physiological stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS δ15 N and δ13 C isotope ratios of bone collagen were obtained from individuals (n = 128) interred in attritional and famine burials from a medieval London cemetery (c. 1120-1539). Temporal sequences of δ15 N and δ13 C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from a subset of these individuals (n = 21). RESULTS Results indicate that individuals from attritional graves exhibit significantly higher δ15 N values but no significant differences were found between burial types for the sexes. Analyses of dentine profiles reveal that a lower proportion of famine burials exhibit stable dentine profiles and that several exhibit a pattern of opposing covariance between δ15 N and δ13 C. EH were also observed to have formed during or after the opposing covariance pattern for some individuals. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may reflect differences in diet between burial types rather than nutritional stress. Though nutritional stress could not be definitively identified using bone and dentine collagen, the results from dentine analysis support previous observations of biochemical patterns associated with nutritional stress during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Walter
- Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Laboratory, Offutt AFB, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sharon N DeWitte
- University of South Carolina, Department of Anthropology, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tosha Dupras
- University of Central Florida, Department of Anthropology, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Beaumont
- University of Bradford, School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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Pezo-Lanfranco L, Filippini J, Di Giusto M, Petronilho C, Wesolowski V, DeBlasis P, Eggers S. Child development, physiological stress and survival expectancy in prehistoric fisher-hunter-gatherers from the Jabuticabeira II shell mound, South Coast of Brazil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229684. [PMID: 32160224 PMCID: PMC7065757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we shed light on the interdependency of child growth, morbidity and life expectancy in the fisher-hunter-gatherers of the Jabuticabeira II shell mound (1214-830 cal B.C.E. - 118-413 cal C.E.) located at the South Coast of Brazil. We test the underlying causes of heterogeneity in frailty and selective mortality in a population that inhabits a plentiful environment in sedentary settlements. We reconstruct osteobiographies of 41 individuals (23 adults and 18 subadults) using 8 variables, including age-at-death, stature, non-specific stress markers (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal reactions, periapical lesions and linear enamel hypoplasia), as well as weaning patterns based on stable isotope data to examine how stress factors module growth and survival. Our results show that shorter adult statures were linked to higher morbidity around weaning age and higher chances of dying earlier (before 35 years) than taller adult statures. In addition, short juvenile stature was related to physiological stressors and mortality. The adult "survivors" experienced recurrent periods of morbidity during childhood and adulthood, possibly associated with the high parasite load of the ecosystem and dense settlement rather than to malnourishment. An association between early-stress exposure and premature death was not demonstrated in our sample. To explain our data, we propose a new model called "intermittent stress of low lethality". According to this model, individuals are exposed to recurrent stress during the juvenile and adult stages of life, and, nevertheless survive until reproductive age or later with relative success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pezo-Lanfranco
- Laboratório de Antropologia Biológica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Filippini
- Laboratório de Antropologia Biológica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Di Giusto
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília Petronilho
- Laboratório de Antropologia Biológica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronica Wesolowski
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo DeBlasis
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabine Eggers
- Laboratório de Antropologia Biológica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Anthropologische Abteilung, Vienna, Austria
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Reconstructing Bronze Age diets and farming strategies at the early Bronze Age sites of La Bastida and Gatas (southeast Iberia) using stable isotope analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229398. [PMID: 32160202 PMCID: PMC7065743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The El Argar society of the Bronze Age in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula (2200–1550 cal BCE) was among the first complex societies in Europe. Its economy was based on cereal cultivation and metallurgy, it was organized hierarchically, and successively expanded its territory. Most of the monumentally fortified settlements lay on steeply sloped mountains, separated by fertile plains, and allowed optimal control of the area. Here, we explore El Argar human diets, animal husbandry strategies, and food webs using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of charred cereal grains as well as human and animal bone collagen. The sample comprised 75 human individuals from the sites of La Bastida (n = 52) and Gatas (n = 23), 32 domesticated and wild animals as well as 76 barley and 29 wheat grains from two chronological phases of a total time span of ca. 650 years. The grains indicate extensive cereal cultivation under rain-fed conditions with little to moderate application of manure. Especially at La Bastida, crops and their by-products contributed significantly to the forage of the domesticated animals, which attests to a strong interrelation of cultivation and animal husbandry. Trophic level spacing and Bayesian modelling confirm that human diets were largely based on barley with some contribution of meat or dairy products. A cross-sectional analysis of bone collagen suggests that children were breastfed until about 1.5–2 years old, and infants from Gatas may have suffered from more metabolic stress than those at La Bastida. Adults of both sexes consumed similar diets that reflect social and chronological variation to some extent. Despite significantly higher δ13C and δ15N values at La Bastida than at Gatas, the isotopic data of the staple crops and domestic animals from both sites indicate that such differences do not necessarily correspond to different average human diets, but to agricultural strategies. These results urge for a reassessment of previous isotope studies in which only human remains have been taken into account. The study highlights that disentangling the complex influences on human isotope compositions requires a firm set of comparative data.
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Orellana-González E, Sparacello VS, Bocaege E, Varalli A, Moggi-Cecchi J, Dori I. Insights on patterns of developmental disturbances from the analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia in a Neolithic sample from Liguria (northwestern Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 28:123-136. [PMID: 31901428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess developmental disturbances through the analysis of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency and to infer environmental stress and life history within Neolithic communities from Liguria (Italy). MATERIALS 43 unworn/minimally worn permanent anterior teeth of 13 individuals recovered from nearby caves and dated to c. 4800-4400 cal. BCE. METHODS LEH defects were identified with high-resolution macrophotos of dental replicas, age at LEH was calculated via perikymata counts. LEH defects matched between two or more teeth were considered as systemic disturbances. LEH frequency by age classes was analyzed via GLZ and Friedman ANOVA. RESULTS Number of matched defects per individual range between 2-12. The mean LEH per individual was highest in the 2.5-2.99 age category, with a significant increase relative to earlier growth stages, followed by a decline. CONCLUSION LEH may reflect life-history in the local ecology of Neolithic Liguria, where several individuals with osteoarticular tuberculosis have been recorded. Disease burden may have triggered developmental disturbances around the time of weaning. Age at first defect was negatively correlated with age at death and positively with the total number of defects, suggesting that early stress may have affected survivorship. SIGNIFICANCE The study contributes to the reconstruction of ecological pressures among Neolithic people of Liguria, and informs on environmental challenges during the Neolithic adaptive expansion. LIMITATIONS The visual examination of macrophotos is prone to observer error; mid-crown tends to display more visible LEH due to tooth architecture. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Apply different quantitative methods to examine severity and duration of disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmy Bocaege
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Alessandra Varalli
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33615 Pessac, France; Department of Archaeology, Durham University, UK
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MC, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33615 Pessac, France; Department of Biology, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy; Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza, Piazza S. Fermo 3, 37121 Verona, Italy.
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Goude G, Dori I, Sparacello VS, Starnini E, Varalli A. Multi-proxy stable isotope analyses of dentine microsections reveal diachronic changes in life history adaptations, mobility, and tuberculosis-induced wasting in prehistoric Liguria (Finale Ligure, Italy, northwestern Mediterranean). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 28:99-111. [PMID: 32044292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reconstruct breastfeeding and weaning practices, metabolic stress including tuberculosis-induced wasting, and residential mobility of children in Neolithic and Metal Ages to infer their local ecologies. MATERIALS Seven permanent teeth from individuals dated to the Neolithic, Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages buried in nearby caves in western Liguria, Italy. METHODS Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope analyses on dentine microsections. Tooth maturation was used to calculate age at death. RESULTS Two Neolithic children present longer pattern of weaning and appear to have been weaned using animal protein in contrast to the earlier weaning of Metal Ages children, which were probably weaned with vegetable resources. Sulfur isotopes suggest local origin of Neolithic and Cooper Age children, and non-local origins for Bronze and Iron Age children. Intense catabolism in the last two years is apparent in the adolescent with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Shortening in weaning patterns during the Metal Ages are likely driven by the intensification of agricultural practices and cultivation of new crops during Bronze and Iron Ages. Neolithic food choices and delayed weaning patterns may represent one of the strategies to maximize growth and immune potential in a local economy/ecology with high-infectious load. Tuberculosis was a chronic and long-lasting disease. SIGNIFICANCE The first combined carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur analysis on prehistoric dentine microsections revealing changing human life history adaptations within the same region. LIMITATIONS Small sample size. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Increase the sulfur isotope dataset, use new EA-IRMS equipment, and provide data on amino acid to better define weaning food composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goude
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Minist Culture, LAMPEA, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - I Dori
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33616, Pessac, France; Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Verona, Rovigo e Vicenza, Piazza S. Fermo 3, 37121, Verona, Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
| | - V S Sparacello
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA, UMR 5199, 33616, Pessac, France.
| | - E Starnini
- Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Genova e le province di Imperia, La Spezia e Savona, via Balbi 10, I-16126, Genova, Italy; Dipartimento di Cività e Forme del Sapere, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy
| | - A Varalli
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, UK
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20
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Brickley MB, Kahlon B, D'Ortenzio L. Using teeth as tools: Investigating the mother-infant dyad and developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis using vitamin D deficiency. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171:342-353. [PMID: 31709512 PMCID: PMC7004071 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With a growing interest in the mother-infant dyad and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis among biological and medical anthropologists, this study set out to provide all the information required to evaluate if mineralization defects in dentine might be caused by vitamin D deficiency in the critical first 1000 days of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information was compiled on dentine formation in utero to approximately 18 years, and a method for determining the location of the neonatal line in dentine was devised, allowing the assessment of the prenatal and early life period. Re-evaluation of previously analyzed teeth (n = 61) was undertaken with detailed examination of n = 5/22 first permanent molars forming in the prenatal and critical early life periods. RESULTS First permanent molars and all deciduous teeth give information on intrauterine development and on the first 1000 days postnatally providing a direct window on maternal and fetal health. Three archaeological individuals had interglobular dentine that formed prenatally suggesting that their mothers experienced vitamin D deficiency at the time dentine was forming and all other individuals had a deficiency during the first 1000 days of life. Conditions that could cause systemic mineralization defects were determined, and in each, case they were found to be consistent with vitamin D deficiency. DISCUSSION The neonatal line serves as a clear baseline for determining prenatal and postnatal events, particularly those related to vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate metabolism, and can be used to investigate the maternal-infant dyad for both past and present communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie Kahlon
- Department of AnthropologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Lori D'Ortenzio
- Department of AnthropologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Fernández-Crespo T, Snoeck C, Ordoño J, de Winter NJ, Czermak A, Mattielli N, Lee-Thorp JA, Schulting RJ. Multi-isotope evidence for the emergence of cultural alterity in Late Neolithic Europe. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay2169. [PMID: 32010785 PMCID: PMC6976287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of cultural identities and their interaction is a fundamental topic of social sciences that is not easily addressed in prehistory. Differences in mortuary treatment can help approach this issue. Here, we present a multi-isotope study to track both diet and mobility through the life histories of 32 broadly coeval Late Neolithic individuals interred in caves and in megalithic graves of a restricted region of northern Iberia. The results show significant differences in infant- and child-rearing practices, in subsistence strategies, and in landscape use between burial locations. From this, we posit that the presence of communities with distinct lifestyles and cultural backgrounds is a primary reason for Late Neolithic variability in burial location in Western Europe and provides evidence of an early "them and us" scenario. We argue that this differentiation could have played a role in the building of lasting structures of socioeconomic inequality and, occasionally, violent conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Fernández-Crespo
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
| | - C. Snoeck
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- G-Time Laboratory, DGES, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/02, 50, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Ordoño
- Department of Archaeology and New Technologies, Arkikus, Pedro de Asúa 63, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - N. J. de Winter
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC-WE-VUB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Czermak
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
| | - N. Mattielli
- G-Time Laboratory, DGES, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/02, 50, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. A. Lee-Thorp
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
| | - R. J. Schulting
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
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Redfern RC. Changing People, Changing Settlements? A Perspective on Urbanism from Roman Britain. BIOARCHAEOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53417-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Stantis C, Schutkowski H, Sołtysiak A. Reconstructing breastfeeding and weaning practices in the Bronze Age Near East using stable nitrogen isotopes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:58-69. [PMID: 31797366 PMCID: PMC7217027 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Breastfeeding and childhood diet have significant impact on morbidity and mortality within a population, and in the ancient Near East, it is possible to compare bioarchaeological reconstruction of breastfeeding and weaning practices with the scant textual evidence. Materials and Methods Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) are analyzed here for dietary reconstruction in skeletal collections from five Bronze Age (ca. 2,800–1,200 BCE) sites in modern Lebanon and Syria. We employed Bayesian computational modeling on cross‐sectional stable isotope data of collagen samples (n = 176) mainly from previous studies to test whether the bioarchaeological evidence aligns with the textual evidence of breastfeeding and weaning practices in the region, as well as compare the estimated weaning times to the global findings using the WARN (weaning age reconstruction with nitrogen isotope analysis) Bayesian model. Results Though the Near East sites in this study had different ecological settings and economic strategies, we found that weaning was introduced to the five sites at 0.5 ± 0.2 years of age and complete weaning occurred around 2.6 ± 0.3 years of age on using the WARN computational model. These weaning processes are within the time suggested by historical texts, though average estimated weaning age on the Mediterranean coast is later than inland sites. Discussion Compared globally, these Near Eastern populations initiated the weaning process earlier but completed weaning within the global average. Early initial weaning may have created short spacing between pregnancies and a high impact on demographic growth within these agricultural populations, with some variation in subsistence practices accounting for the inland/coastal discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Stantis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK
| | - Holger Schutkowski
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK
| | - Arkadiusz Sołtysiak
- Department of Bioarchaeology, Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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Tsutaya T, Shimatani K, Yoneda M, Abe M, Nagaoka T. Societal perceptions and lived experience: Infant feeding practices in premodern Japan. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 170:484-495. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsutaya
- Japan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and TechnologyResearch Institute for Marine Resources Utilization Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan
| | | | - Minoru Yoneda
- The University of TokyoThe University Museum Tokyo Japan
| | - Mikiko Abe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka City University Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohito Nagaoka
- Department of AnatomySt. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
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Redfern RC, DeWitte SN, Beaumont J, Millard AR, Hamlin C. A new method for investigating the relationship between diet and mortality: hazard analysis using dietary isotopes. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:378-387. [PMID: 31475587 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1662484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The population of Roman Britain are renowned for having elevated nitrogen (δ15) stable isotope values, which have been interpreted as evidence for the increased consumption of marine products. However, such results are now understood to also reflect episodes of stress and disease, suggesting that new interpretations are warranted.Aim: To test a novel approach which combines hazard mortality analysis and stable isotope data to determine whether there is a relationship between age-at-death, elevated δ15N values and mortality risk.Subjects and methods: This study used published osteological and dietary stable isotope data for nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) of 659 1st-5th century AD individuals aged >12 years old excavated from Roman cemeteries in Britain. The relationship between diet and mortality risk was assessed using the Gompertz hazard model, and differences in median reported isotope values between the sexes was determined using a Mann Whitney test.Results: It was discovered that higher δ15N levels are associated with elevated risks of mortality, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for δ13C, and males had higher median δ13C and δ15N values.Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated that stable isotope data can be integrated into hazard models, allowing one to connect diet and mortality in past populations. It supports the findings of other isotope studies which have established that individuals with childhood stress/trauma will have different isotope patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Redfern
- Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, London, UK
| | - S N DeWitte
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J Beaumont
- School of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - A R Millard
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Rusu I, Radu C, Țentea O, Popescu O, Kelemen B. A probable case of infantile cortical hyperostosis in 2nd-4th centuries AD Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:8-13. [PMID: 31153087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to discuss the differential diagnosis for the pathological alterations displayed on an infant skeleton from Romania. MATERIALS One infant skeleton retrieved form the bathhouse of an abandoned Roman fort and dated between the 2nd and the 4th centuries AD. METHODS All available skeletal elements were analyzed macroscopically. In addition, the isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) and the control region of the human mitochondrial genome for this archaeological sample were analyzed. RESULTS Based on dental development and long bone length, the skeleton was aged between birth and 2 months of age. Pathological lesions were noted on the mandible and diaphyses of long bones, but spared the metaphyses. CONCLUSIONS The perinatal age of the individual, along with lesion morphology and location, suggests a diagnosis of infantile cortical hyperostosis. LIMITATIONS The analysis would benefit from further stable isotope and mitochondrial genome analyses, which was limited due to the absence of comparative human and faunal remains from the site. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further multidisciplinary research on human archaeological remains from Romania would provide a clearer image of past disease and life histories in this geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Claudia Radu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Ancient History and Archaeology, Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Țentea
- Department of Archaeology, National Museum of Romanian History, 030026, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Kelemen
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Leskovar T, Beaumont J, Lisić N, McGalliard S. Auditory ossicles: a potential biomarker for maternal and infant health in utero. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:367-377. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1639824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Leskovar
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Siebke I, Moghaddam N, Cunningham CA, Witzel C, Lösch S. Those who died very young-Inferences from δ 15 N and δ 13 C in bone collagen and the absence of a neonatal line in enamel related to the possible onset of breastfeeding. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:664-677. [PMID: 31050814 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stable isotope analysis has often been used in neonatal remains from archeological contexts to investigate the presence of a signal of breastfeeding and weaning in past populations. Tooth histology on the other hand might be used as an indicator of birth survival. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using stable nitrogen (δ15 N) and carbon (δ13 C) isotope values from neonatal bone collagen to elucidate if values deviating from the adult female average could indicate breastfeeding and co-occur with the presence of a neonatal line (NNL). The combination of these independent indicators might be useful in clarifying the fate of individuals who died around birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone collagen from 21 archeological human and animal specimens was extracted and analyzed via mass-spectrometry for δ15 N and δ13 C. A verification of the stable isotope results was undertaken using tooth histology on three individuals who were investigated for the presence of a NNL as an indicator of live birth and short survival. RESULTS The biological age of the human samples varied between 8.5 lunar months (Lm) and 2 postnatal months (Pm) of age. All except one individual exhibited elevated δ15 N values compared to the female average. The histological analyses revealed no NNL for this and two further individuals (n = 3). DISCUSSION The results indicate that elevated nitrogen values of very young infants relative to a female average in archeological contexts are not necessarily associated with a breastfeeding onset signal, and therefore cannot be used exclusively as a proxy of birth survival. The elevation might be possible due to various reasons; one could be nutritional, in particular maternal stress during pregnancy or a metabolic disorder of mother and/or her child. In those cases, the evaluation of a NNL might reveal a false breastfeeding signal as seen for two individuals in our sample who have elevated nitrogen values despite the fact no NNL could be observed. Overall, our data support the growing awareness that bone collagen δ15 N values of neonates/infants should not be used as a proxy for breastfeeding or birth survival on its own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Siebke
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Negahnaz Moghaddam
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Unit of Forensic Imaging and Anthropology, University Center of Legal Medicine, University Hospitals Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig A Cunningham
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Carsten Witzel
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Lösch
- Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Martin MA. Biological Anthropology in 2018: Grounded in Theory, Questioning Contexts, Embracing Innovation. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Beaumont J, Atkins E, Buckberry J, Haydock H, Horne P, Howcroft R, Mackenzie K, Montgomery J. Comparing apples and oranges: Why infant bone collagen may not reflect dietary intake in the same way as dentine collagen. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:524-540. [PMID: 30187451 PMCID: PMC6221104 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent developments in incremental dentine analysis allowing increased temporal resolution for tissues formed during the first 1,000 days of life have cast doubt on the veracity of weaning studies using bone collagen carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope ratio data from infants. Here, we compare published bone data from the well-preserved Anglo-Saxon site of Raunds Furnells, England, with co-forming dentine from the same individuals, and investigate the relationship of these with juvenile stature. The high-resolution isotope data recorded in dentine allow us to investigate the relationship of diet with juvenile stature during this critical period of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compare incremental dentine collagen δ13 C and δ15 N data to published bone collagen data for 18 juveniles and 5 female adults from Anglo Saxon Raunds Furnells alongside new data for juvenile skeletal and dental age. An improvement in the method by sampling the first 0.5 mm of the sub-cuspal or sub-incisal dentine allows the isotopic measurement of dentine formed in utero. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION δ13 C profiles for both dentine and bone are similar and more robust than δ15 N for estimating the age at which weaning foods are introduced. Our results suggest δ15 N values from dentine can be used to evaluate the maternal/in utero diet and physiology during pregnancy, and that infant dentine profiles may reflect diet PLUS an element of physiological stress. In particular, bone collagen fails to record the same range of δ15 N as co-forming dentine, especially where growth is stunted, suggesting that infant bone collagen is unreliable for weaning studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordWest YorkshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jo Buckberry
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordWest YorkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah Haydock
- Centre for Archaeology and AnthropologyBournemouth UniversityDorsetUnited Kingdom
| | - Pennie Horne
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordWest YorkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Howcroft
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordWest YorkshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin Mackenzie
- Institute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUnited Kingdom
| | - Janet Montgomery
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of DurhamDurhamUnited Kingdom
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