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Chen JJ, Sun JC, Yu ZJ, Tan ZM. Association Between Dietary Factors and Chronic Sinusitis Among Korean Individuals: Insights From a Large Population-Based Study in Asia. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024:1455613241254281. [PMID: 38804523 DOI: 10.1177/01455613241254281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Population-based studies on chronic sinusitis have predominantly focused on Europe and the Americas, but research on chronic sinusitis within large Asian populations remains scarce. This study aims to explore the link between dietary factors and chronic sinusitis among ethnic Koreans in Asia. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Data were collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2012. Participants: Participants in the study were included based on a doctor's diagnosis of chronic sinusitis, as determined through the ear, nose, and throat examination questionnaires. Results: Adolescents [adjusted P value (aP) < .001, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.881, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.380-2.564] and individuals with college and higher education (aP = .042, aOR = 1.298, 95% CI = 1.009-1.669) were more likely to develop chronic rhinosinusitis. In addition, levels of dietary fat [P = .001, interquartile range (IQR) = 34.085] and energy intake (P = .004, IQR = 981.106) were associated with an increased risk of chronic sinusitis. Moreover, high dietary inflammatory index (aP < .001, aOR = 0.547, 95% CI = 0.415-0.721), and high intake of fried pork chops (aP = .028, aOR = 1.335, 95% CI = 1.033-1.777), bread (aP = .024, aOR = 1.364, 95% CI = 1.042-1.786), and rice (aP = .021, aOR = 1.382, 95% CI = 1.051-1.818) were risk factors for chronic sinusitis, while cucumber consumption (aP < .001, aOR = 0.547, 95% CI = 0.415-0.721) was a protective factor for chronic sinusitis. Conclusion: This study revealed a significant correlation between diet and development of chronic sinusitis. These findings suggest that promoting an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern and providing guidance on healthy eating habits could help reduce the incidence of chronic sinusitis and enhance its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Chao Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Min Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Xu J, Li J, Wang X, An Y, Liu W, Luo R, Sun C. IRF4 Knockdown Inhibits the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps Development by Regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-Mediated Pyroptosis. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10792-8. [PMID: 38635014 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a CRS phenotype. However, the mechanisms of CRSsNP remains unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the GSE36830 and GSE198950 datasets through the GEO2R tool. The six hub genes were screened by the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Cytoscape software. Then we constructed the mouse models of CRS and verified the expression levels of hub genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe pathological alterations in mouse tissues. Casepase-3 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, LDH, and IL-18 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pyroptosis-related protein expressions were measured by western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were performed to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NP69 cells. Six hub DEGs were identified. The expression levels of IRF4, IKZF1, and CD79A were obviously increased in CRSsNP, while those of ADH6, ADH1A, and LDHC were significantly decreased. IRF4 knockdown attenuated the pathologic features of CRSsNP. IRF4 knockdown reduced levels of the TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6 IL-1β, LDH, and IL-18 as well as the proteins expression of Casepase-1, GSDMD, and NLRP3 both in vivo and in vitro, implying that inflammation and pyroptosis were inhibited. IRF4 knockdown hinders the development of CRSsNP by inhibiting the inflammatory response and NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis, which offers novel promising treatment strategies for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yunsong An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 106, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Renzhong Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Changzhi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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Bachert C, Hicks A, Gane S, Peters AT, Gevaert P, Nash S, Horowitz JE, Sacks H, Jacob-Nara JA. The interleukin-4/interleukin-13 pathway in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356298. [PMID: 38690264 PMCID: PMC11059040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is predominantly a type 2 inflammatory disease associated with type 2 (T2) cell responses and epithelial barrier, mucociliary, and olfactory dysfunction. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5 are key mediators driving and perpetuating type 2 inflammation. The inflammatory responses driven by these cytokines include the recruitment and activation of eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, goblet cells, M2 macrophages, and B cells. The activation of these immune cells results in a range of pathologic effects including immunoglobulin E production, an increase in the number of smooth muscle cells within the nasal mucosa and a reduction in their contractility, increased deposition of fibrinogen, mucus hyperproduction, and local edema. The cytokine-driven structural changes include nasal polyp formation and nasal epithelial tissue remodeling, which perpetuate barrier dysfunction. Type 2 inflammation may also alter the availability or function of olfactory sensory neurons contributing to loss of sense of smell. Targeting these key cytokine pathways has emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory airway diseases, and a number of biologic agents are now available or in development for CRSwNP. In this review, we provide an overview of the inflammatory pathways involved in CRSwNP and describe how targeting key drivers of type 2 inflammation is an effective therapeutic option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Sun Yat-sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Hicks
- Immunology & Inflammation, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Simon Gane
- The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anju T. Peters
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Scott Nash
- Medical Affairs, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Julie E. Horowitz
- Medical Affairs, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Harry Sacks
- Medical Affairs, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
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Brar T, Baheti S, Marino MJ, Kita H, Lal D. Genome-wide Epigenetic Study of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Tissues Reveals Dysregulated Inflammatory, Immunologic and Remodeling Pathways. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023; 37:692-704. [PMID: 37584357 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231193526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics studies mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and alternative polyadenylation that can modify gene activity without changing the underlying DNA nucleotide base-pair structure. Because these changes are reversible, they have potential in developing novel therapeutics. Currently, seven pharmaceutical agents targeting epigenetic changes are FDA approved and commercially available for treatment of certain cancers. However, studies investigating epigenetics in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have not been undertaken previously in the United States. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to investigate sinonasal DNA methylation patterns in CRS versus controls, to discern environmentally-induced epigenetic changes impacting CRS subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Ethmoidal samples from CRS and inferior turbinate mucosal tissue samples from controls without CRS were studied. DNA methylation was studied by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing. RADMeth® biostatistical package was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between CRS and controls. Ingenuity Pathway analysis of DMRs was performed to identify top upstream regulators and canonical pathways. Ninety-three samples from 64 CRS subjects (36 CRSwNP; 28 CRSsNP) and 29 controls were studied. CRS and control samples differed in 13 662 CpGs sites and 1381 DMRs. Top upstream regulators identified included: 1. CRS versus controls: TGFB1, TNF, TP53, DGCR8, and beta-estradiol. 2. CRSwNP versus controls: TGFB1, CTNNB1, lipopolysaccharide, ID2, and TCF7L2. 3. CRSsNP versus controls: MYOD1, acetone, ID2, ST8SIA4, and LEPR. CONCLUSIONS Differential patterns of methylation were identified between controls and CRS, CRSwNP, and CRSsNP. Epigenetic, environmentally-induced changes related to novel, inflammatory, immunologic, and remodeling pathways appear to affect epithelial integrity, cell proliferation, homeostasis, vascular permeability, and other yet uncharacterized pathways and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Brar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Marino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Devyani Lal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Jiang RS, Chen IC, Chen YM, Hsiao TH, Chen YC. Risk Prediction of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without Nasal Polyps in Taiwanese Population Using Polygenic Risk Score for Nasal Polyps. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2729. [PMID: 37893103 PMCID: PMC10603974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been determined. However, it was not known whether the polygenic risk score (PRS) for nasal polyps (NP) could predict CRS with NP (CRSwNP) or without NP (CRSsNP). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PRSs for NP and the risk of CRS with or without NP. Data from 535 individuals with CRS and 5350 control subjects in the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative project were collected. Four PRSs for NP, including PGS000933, PGS000934, PGS001848, and PGS002060 from UK Biobank, were tested in these participants. They were divided into four groups according to quartiles of PRSs. The logistic regression model was performed to evaluate CRSwNP and CRSsNP risk according to PRSs for NP. The PGS002060 had the highest area under the curve at 0.534 for CRSsNP prediction and at 0.588 for CRSwNP prediction. Compared to subjects in the lowest PRS category, the PGS002060 significantly increased the odds for CRSsNP by 1.48 at the highest quintile (p = 0.003) and by 2.32 at the highest quintile for CRSwNP (p = 0.002). In addition, the odds for CRSwNP increased by 3.01 times in female CRSwNP patients (p = 0.009) at the highest quintile compared with those in the lowest PRS category. The PRSs for NP developed from European populations could be applied to the Taiwanese population to predict CRS risk, especially for female CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-San Jiang
- Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (R.-S.J.); (I.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (T.-H.H.)
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan
- RongHsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Chen
- Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (R.-S.J.); (I.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (R.-S.J.); (I.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (T.-H.H.)
- RongHsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (R.-S.J.); (I.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (T.-H.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan; (R.-S.J.); (I.-C.C.); (Y.-M.C.); (T.-H.H.)
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Wautlet A, Bachert C, Desrosiers M, Hellings PW, Peters AT. The Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) With Biologics. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2642-2651. [PMID: 37182568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps affects a significant portion of the worldwide population. This illness is associated with several chronic conditions and has an important impact on patient quality of life, leading to a great societal economic burden. In recent years, biologic medications have been developed and found to be effective in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. This review focuses on these treatment options and their ability to improve patient outcomes, including quality of life. It also reviews available evidence with regards to patient selection, monitoring of patients after treatment initiation, and comparison of different biologics and with other treatment options such as sinus surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wautlet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - C Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Munster, Munster, Germany; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Desrosiers
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Petalas K, Goudakos J, Konstantinou GN. Targeting Epithelium Dysfunction and Impaired Nasal Biofilms to Treat Immunological, Functional, and Structural Abnormalities of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12379. [PMID: 37569753 PMCID: PMC10419026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) nasal polyps is a prevalent and heterogeneous disorder existing as a spectrum of clinical conditions with complex underlying pathomechanisms. CRS comprises a broad syndrome characterized by multiple immunological features involving complex interactions between the genes, the microbiome, host- and microbiota-derived exosomes, the epithelial barrier, and environmental and micromilieu exposures. The main pathophysiological feature is an epithelial barrier disruption, accompanied by microbiome alterations and unpredictable and multifactorial immunologic overreactions. Extrinsic pathogens and irritants interact with multiple epithelial receptors, which show distinct expression patterns, activate numerous signaling pathways, and lead to diverse antipathogen responses. CRSsNP is mainly characterized by fibrosis and mild inflammation and is often associated with Th1 or Th17 immunological profiles. CRSwNP appears to be associated with moderate or severe type 2 (T2) or Th2 eosinophilic inflammation. The diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, and imaging findings. Possible CRS biomarkers from the peripheral blood, nasal secretions, tissue biopsies, and nasally exhaled air are studied to subgroup different CRS endotypes. The primary goal of CRS management is to maintain clinical control by nasal douching with isotonic or hypertonic saline solutions, administration of nasal and systemic steroids, antibiotics, biologic agents, or, in persistent and more severe cases, appropriate surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Goudakos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 424 General Military Training Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George N. Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Dorilaiou 10, Kalamaria, 55133 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Brar T, Marks L, Lal D. Insights into the epigenetics of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1165271. [PMID: 37284022 PMCID: PMC10240395 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1165271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetics facilitates insights on the impact of host environment on the genesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) through modulations of host gene expression and activity. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation cause reversible but heritable changes in gene expression over generations of progeny, without altering the DNA base-pair sequences. These studies offer a critical understanding of the environment-induced changes that result in host predisposition to disease and may help in developing novel biomarkers and therapeutics. The goal of this systematic review is to summarize the current evidence on epigenetics of CRS with a focus on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and highlight gaps that merit further research. Methods A systematic review of the English language literature was performed to identify investigations related to epigenetic studies in subjects with CRS. Results The review identified 65 studies. These have focused on DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, with only a few on histone deacetylation, alternative polyadenylation, and chromatin accessibility. Studies include those investigating in vivo and in vitro changes or both. Studies also include animal models of CRS. Almost all have been conducted in Asia. The genome-wide studies of DNA methylation found differences in global methylation between CRSwNP and controls, while others specifically found significant differences in methylation of the CpG sites of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-8, and PLAT. In addition, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors were studied as potential therapeutic agents. Majority of the studies investigating non-coding RNAs focused on micro-RNAs (miRNA) and found differences in global expression of miRNA levels. These studies also revealed some previously known as well as novel targets and pathways such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF beta-1, IL-10, EGR2, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PI3K/AKT pathway, mucin secretion, and vascular permeability. Overall, the studies have found a dysregulation in pathways/genes involving inflammation, immune regulation, tissue remodeling, structural proteins, mucin secretion, arachidonic acid metabolism, and transcription. Conclusions Epigenetic studies in CRS subjects suggest that there is likely a major impact of the environment. However, these are association studies and do not directly imply pathogenesis. Longitudinal studies in geographically and racially diverse population cohorts are necessary to quantify genetic vs. environmental risks for CRSwNP and CRS without nasal polyps and assess heritability risk, as well as develop novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Brar
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa Marks
- Division of Education, Department of Library Services, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Devyani Lal
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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9
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Huang J, Xu Y. Autoimmunity: A New Focus on Nasal Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098444. [PMID: 37176151 PMCID: PMC10179643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has long been considered a benign, chronic inflammatory, and hyperplastic disease. Recent studies have shown that autoimmune-related mechanisms are involved in the pathology of nasal polyps. Activated plasma cells, eosinophils, basophils, innate type 2 lymphocytes, mast cells, and proinflammatory cytokine in polyp tissue indicate the mobilization of innate and adaptive immune pathways during polyp formation. The discovery of a series of autoantibodies further supports the autoimmune nature of nasal polyps. Local homeostasis dysregulation, infection, and chronic inflammation may trigger autoimmunity through several mechanisms, including autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, activation or inhibition of receptors, bystander activation, dysregulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity. In this paper, we elaborated on the microbiome-mediated mechanism, abnormal host immunity, and genetic changes to update the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Gill AS, Meeks H, Curtin K, Kelly K, Alt JA. Tobacco use increases the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 2023; 48:414-422. [PMID: 36461170 PMCID: PMC10353000 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been postulated that tobacco use, as well as other environmental exposures, may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the data remain limited. Here, we utilised a large state population database to assess the association between tobacco use and CRS prevalence among patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS Employing a case-control study design, the Utah Population Database was queried for patients age >18 with a diagnosis of CRS and tobacco use who underwent ESS between 1996 and 2018. Smoking status was compared between patients with CRS (n = 34 350) and random population controls matched 5:1 on sex, birth year, birthplace, time residing in Utah, and pedigree (i.e., familial) information (n = 166 020). Conditional logistic regression models were used for comparisons between CRS patients and their matched controls. All analyses were repeated, additionally adjusting for race, ethnicity, tobacco use, asthma history, and interaction between tobacco use and asthma history. RESULTS A total of 200 370 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients with CRS were significantly more likely to demonstrate a history of tobacco use than controls (19.6% vs. 15.0%; p < .001), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.37-1.47; p < .001. More patients with CRS and comorbid asthma used tobacco (19.5%) than controls with asthma (15.0%; p < .001). CONCLUSION History of tobacco use may portend increased risk for the development of CRS among patients undergoing ESS compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huong Meeks
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kerry Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chee J, Pang KW, Low T, Wang DY, Subramaniam S. Epidemiology and aetiology of chronic rhinosinusitis in Asia-A narrative review. Clin Otolaryngol 2023; 48:305-312. [PMID: 35997660 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite having a similar prevalence to Western populations, literature on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the Asian population is sparse. There is limited data on the epidemiology and aetiology of CRS in Asia. OBJECTIVES To review the current literature on the epidemiology and aetiology of CRS in Asia. METHODS This is a narrative review of published data on the epidemiology and aetiology of CRS. Studies on CRS in Asian countries, published in English and indexed on PubMed or Google Scholar were reviewed. Where available, data extracted included epidemiology, endotype and cytokine profiles and genetic profiles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of CRS in Asia ranges widely from 2.1% to 28.4%. Type 2 inflammation has been reported in 5%-55% of Asian patients, with lower levels of Type 2 cytokines reported in head to head comparisons of Western versus Asian patients. Notably, there exists marked heterogeneity in criterion of the tissue eosinophilic infiltration for diagnosis of type 2 CRS. Our review suggests that differences in prevalence of CRS and proportion of eosinophilic CRS between Asia and Europe and the Americas requires further study. Large-scale Asian studies utilising standardised definitions are needed to bridge this gap. Head to head genetic and microbiomal analysis may also be useful in understanding differences in CRS between the Asian and Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Chee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khang Wen Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terese Low
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Somasundaram Subramaniam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Lal D, Brar T, Ramkumar SP, Li J, Kato A, Zhang L. Genetics and epigenetics of chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:848-868. [PMID: 36797169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Discerning the genetics and epigenetics of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may optimize outcomes through early diagnostics, personalized and novel therapeutics, and early prognostication. CRS associated with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia has well-characterized genetic mutations. Most CRS subjects, however, do not exhibit identifiable monogenic alterations. Clustering in related individuals is seen in CRS with nasal polyps. Spouses of subjects with CRS without nasal polyps also may be at increased risk of the same disease. These observations generate questions on genetic and environmental influences in CRS. Genome-wide association studies have identified variations and polymorphisms between CRS and control subjects in genes related to innate and adaptive immunity. Candidate gene and transcriptomics studies have investigated and identified genetic variations related to immunity, inflammation, epithelial barrier function, stress-response, antigen processing, T-cell regulation, and cytokines in CRS. Epigenetic studies have identified mechanisms through which environmental factors may affect these gene functions. However, causality is not determined for most variations. Inferences drawn from these data must be measured because most investigations report unreplicated results from small study populations. Large, replicated studies in tight cohorts across diverse populations remain a pressing need in studying CRS genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Lal
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz.
| | - Tripti Brar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Shreya Pusapadi Ramkumar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Brar T, Marino MJ, Lal D. Unified Airway Disease: Genetics and Epigenetics. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2023; 56:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Giombi F, Carrón-Herrero A, Pirola F, Paoletti G, Nappi E, Russo E, De Virgilio A, Mercante G, Canonica GW, Spriano G, Heffler E, Malvezzi L. Prevalence of familiar link in patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1562-1565. [PMID: 35722664 PMCID: PMC10084203 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giombi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pirola
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Elena Russo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercante
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Italy
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15
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Gill AS, Meeks H, Curtin K, Alt JA. Tobacco Use Increases the Adjusted Risk of Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:727-732. [PMID: 35698747 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large epidemiologic studies have suggested that a history of tobacco use may be associated with an increased risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The impact of tobacco use on revision rates of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), however, remains limited. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to define the independent risk of tobacco use (active or prior) on revision rates of ESS among a large cohort of patients with CRS. METHODS A state population database was queried for patients age ≥18 years with CRS who underwent at least one ESS between 1996 and 2018. Demographic characteristics, history of ESS, and tobacco use status were compared across patients with CRS, using t tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to understand the impact of tobacco status on revision surgery. RESULTS The final analysis included 34 350 patients (29 916 CRS with no revision surgery and 4434 CRS with revision surgery). Unadjusted regression analysis demonstrated an increased odds of undergoing revision ESS (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.25, P = .05) among males with a history of tobacco use and CRS. Adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of revision ESS among CRS patients with a history of asthma and tobacco use was 1.72-fold, while the risk among CRS patients who were tobacco users without asthma was 1.11-fold. CONCLUSION History of tobacco use is an independent risk factor for revision ESS among patients with CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Huong Meeks
- Pedigree and Population Resource, 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karen Curtin
- Pedigree and Population Resource, 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, 14434University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Sedaghat AR, Kuan EC, Scadding GK. Epidemiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Prevalence and Risk Factors. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1395-1403. [PMID: 35092822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) epidemiology may directly impact patient care: aiding patient identification and establishing accurate diagnosis as well as informing treatment decisions. The objective of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the epidemiology of CRS, with a focus on prevalence and risk factors. Although the presence of either symptoms or objective findings alone have yielded CRS prevalence estimates of over 10%, the presence of both-consistent with guideline-based diagnostic criteria for CRS-has suggested that the true prevalence of CRS is consistently less than 5%, with approximately one-third of patients with CRS having nasal polyps, in epidemiologic studies from around the world. In comparison, the prevalence of CRS endotypes-pathophysiologic subclassification of CRS most commonly as related to type 2 or non-type 2 inflammation-has been found to vary significantly by region. The epidemiology of CRS is modified and ultimately determined by risk factors: genetic/hereditary, demographic, environmental, and imparted by predictive pre-/comorbid disease. The understanding of these epidemiologic relationships may help the provider to optimally identify and understand each individual's CRS disease process, thereby improving both diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Edward C Kuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, Calif
| | - Glenis K Scadding
- Royal National ENT Hospital, University College Hospitals London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Moiseeva YP, Piskunov GZ. [The development of a personalized approach in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:40-45. [PMID: 35818944 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228703140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high recurrence rate and the variety of complex pathogenesis mechanisms, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is difficult to treat. In addition, the disease reduces the quality of life of patients and carries a large financial burden on the healthcare system, therefore, a personalized approach to the treatment of this pathology is becoming popular today. In order to determine which drug route would be most rational for a particular patient, key concepts such as phenotyping, endotyping and genotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps were introduced. This approach has expanded the understanding of the etiological aspects of the disease and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of nasal polyps. In this regard, immunotherapy of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps began to develop, consisting in the use of monoclonal antibodies to the substrates of the immune system, which are key figures in the development of certain types of inflammatory reactions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The use of biological agents represents the first steps in targeted therapy, which is a transition to personalized treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Further studies in the field of immunological mechanisms of the formation of various phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps from the standpoint of proteinomics, transcriptomics and epigenetics give hope for the development of a new drug-based treatment for this disease, which can significantly reduce the need for surgical treatment of patients with this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu P Moiseeva
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Z Piskunov
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Smith KA, Gill AS, Beswick DM, Meeks H, Oakley GM, Yim M, Curtin K, Orlandi RR, Alt JA. Cystic Fibrosis Increases Long-Term Revision Rates of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Patients With Comorbid Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 36:222-228. [PMID: 34665045 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211046719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of adulthood is increasing among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to improved median survival. However, little is known about the natural history of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in this cohort. The objective of this study was to evaluate the revision rate of ESS and associated risk factors among adults with CRS and CF (CRSwCF). Methods: The Utah Population Database was queried for patients age >18 with CRS who underwent at least one ESS between 1996 and 2018. Demographic information and ESS history were collected and compared for CRSwCF versus CRS without CF (CRSsCF) using chi-square and t-tests. Risk factors for revision were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 34 050 patients (33 639 CRSsCF and 411 CRSwCF) were included in the final analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.3 and 9.3 years, respectively (P = .98). Adult patients with CF were significantly more likely to undergo revision ESS (18.7%) than those without CF (13.4%; P < .01). Logistic regression analysis indicated that a diagnosis of CF independently elevated the risk for revision ESS in the absence of nasal polyps (odds ratio [OR] 2.18, confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.54), asthma (OR 1.36, CI 0.94-1.98), and allergies (OR 1.29, CI 0.90-1.73). Conclusion: In the era before highly effective modulator therapies, the mean revision rate of ESS among adults with CRSwCF was 18.7%, significantly greater than that of adults with CRSsCF. CF was an independent risk factor for revision ESS in the absence of nasal polyps, asthma, and allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huong Meeks
- 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Michael Yim
- 23346Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- 20270Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,12348University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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19
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Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, Bleier B, DeConde A, Luong AU, Poetker DM, Soler Z, Welch KC, Wise SK, Adappa N, Alt JA, Anselmo-Lima WT, Bachert C, Baroody FM, Batra PS, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Beswick D, Bhattacharyya N, Chandra RK, Chang EH, Chiu A, Chowdhury N, Citardi MJ, Cohen NA, Conley DB, DelGaudio J, Desrosiers M, Douglas R, Eloy JA, Fokkens WJ, Gray ST, Gudis DA, Hamilos DL, Han JK, Harvey R, Hellings P, Holbrook EH, Hopkins C, Hwang P, Javer AR, Jiang RS, Kennedy D, Kern R, Laidlaw T, Lal D, Lane A, Lee HM, Lee JT, Levy JM, Lin SY, Lund V, McMains KC, Metson R, Mullol J, Naclerio R, Oakley G, Otori N, Palmer JN, Parikh SR, Passali D, Patel Z, Peters A, Philpott C, Psaltis AJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Ramanathan M, Roh HJ, Rudmik L, Sacks R, Schlosser RJ, Sedaghat AR, Senior BA, Sindwani R, Smith K, Snidvongs K, Stewart M, Suh JD, Tan BK, Turner JH, van Drunen CM, Voegels R, Wang DY, Woodworth BA, Wormald PJ, Wright ED, Yan C, Zhang L, Zhou B. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:213-739. [PMID: 33236525 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR-RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR-RS-2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence-based findings of the document. METHODS ICAR-RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence-based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. RESULTS ICAR-RS-2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence-based management algorithm is provided. CONCLUSION This ICAR-RS-2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amber U Luong
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Zachary Soler
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | - Claus Bachert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yatsen University, Gangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Gudis
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Richard Harvey
- University of New South Wales and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Amin R Javer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valerie Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH, London, UK
| | - Kevin C McMains
- Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Joaquim Mullol
- IDIBAPS Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alkis J Psaltis
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Luke Rudmik
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Sacks
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - De Yun Wang
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Carol Yan
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Luo Zhang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Kazmers NH, Meeks HD, Novak KA, Yu Z, Fulde GL, Thomas JL, Barker T, Jurynec MJ. Familial Clustering of Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis in a Large Statewide Cohort. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:440-447. [PMID: 32940959 PMCID: PMC7914133 DOI: 10.1002/art.41520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erosive hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe and rapidly progressing subset of hand OA. Its etiology remains largely unknown, which has hindered development of successful treatments. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that erosive hand OA demonstrates familial clustering in a large statewide population linked to genealogical records, and to determine the association of potential risk factors with erosive hand OA. METHODS Patients diagnosed as having erosive hand OA were identified by searching 4,741,840 unique medical records from a comprehensive statewide database, the Utah Population Database (UPDB). Affected individuals were mapped to pedigrees to identify high-risk families with excess clustering of erosive hand OA as defined by a familial standardized incidence ratio (FSIR) of ≥2.0. The magnitude of familial risk of erosive hand OA in related individuals was calculated using Cox regression models. Association of potential erosive hand OA risk factors was analyzed using multivariate conditional logistic regression and logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 703 affected individuals linked to 240 unrelated high-risk pedigrees with excess clustering of erosive hand OA (FSIR ≥2.0, P < 0.05). The relative risk of developing erosive hand OA was significantly elevated in first-degree relatives (P < 0.001). There were significant associations between a diagnosis of erosive hand OA and age, sex, diabetes, and obesity (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Familial clustering of erosive hand OA observed in a statewide database indicates a potential genetic contribution to the etiology of the disease. Age, sex, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for erosive hand OA. Identification of causal gene variants in these high-risk families may provide insight into the genes and pathways that contribute to erosive hand OA onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas H. Kazmers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Huong D. Meeks
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kendra A. Novak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Zhe Yu
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Gail L. Fulde
- Intermountain Healthcare, Precision Genomics, St. George, UT 84790
| | - Joy L. Thomas
- Intermountain Healthcare, Precision Genomics, St. George, UT 84790
| | - Tyler Barker
- Intermountain Healthcare, Precision Genomics, Murray, UT 84107
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Michael J. Jurynec
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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21
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Gill AS, Smith KA, Meeks H, Oakley GM, Curtin K, LeClair L, Howe H, Orlandi RR, Alt JA. Asthma increases long-term revision rates of endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1197-1206. [PMID: 33629540 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with asthma (CRS-A) has a significant impact on patient morbidity and quality of life. Nevertheless, little is known about the natural history of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in this cohort. The objective of this study was to evaluate revision rates of ESS in CRS-A and identify risk factors associated with increased likelihood for revision surgery compared to those with CRS without asthma (CRS-alone). METHODS The Utah Population Database was queried for patients age >18 years with CRS who underwent at least 1 ESS between 1996 and 2018. Demographic information and history of ESS were collected and compared between CRS-A and CRS-alone using chi-square tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. Risk factors for revision surgery were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 33,090 patients (7693 CRS-A and 25,397 CRS-alone) were included in the final analysis. Mean follow up was 9.8 years in CRS-A and 9.1 years in CRS-alone (p < 0.001). The revision rate among patients with CRS-A (21.5%) was twice that of CRS-alone (10.8%) (p < 0.001). Among patients with CRS, a history of allergy (p < 0.001), asthma (p < 0.001), and nasal polyposis (p < 0.001) was independently associated with increased risk of revision ESS. Patients with CRS-A and nasal polyposis were 6 times more likely to require revision surgery than those with CRS-alone (p < 0.010). CONCLUSION The rate of revision ESS in CRS-A was twice that of CRS-alone; patients with CRS-A and nasal polyposis were 6 times more likely to require revision than those with CRS-alone. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarbir S Gill
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Huong Meeks
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karen Curtin
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Laurie LeClair
- Department of Pulmonology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Heather Howe
- Department of Pulmonology/Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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22
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Bartier S, Coste A, Bequignon E. [Management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in adults]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:183-198. [PMID: 33541753 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is one of the categories of chronic rhinosinusitis and is defined by the presence of bilateral polyps. It is frequently associated with other conditions (asthma, atopy, aspirin intolerance), which worsen its prognosis. STATE OF ART The pathophysiology of CRSwNP is still poorly understood. The genesis of polyps is thought to be based on an initial epithelial lesion caused by environmental factors in the context of self-maintained chronic local inflammation. Multiple local and general factors can be involved in this inflammation, which is mainly of Th2 type in Europe. Abnormalities of the epithelial barrier and the immune system (eosinophilia, cytokines, T and B lymphocytes), genetic factors and pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, have been incriminated. The treatment of CRSwNP is mainly based on the application of local corticosteroids. Surgery remains an important part of patient management where CRSwNP becomes resistant to topical therapy. The management of CRSwNP may be at a turning point thanks to the arrival of biological therapies (anti-IgE, anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4/IL-13) the initial results of which are promising. PERSPECTIVES/CONCLUSIONS With the new concept of endotypes, current avenues of research are moving towards a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms of CRSwNP. Immunotherapy appears to be a promising future for the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bartier
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - A Coste
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - E Bequignon
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-De-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France
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Michalik M, Samet A, Dmowska-Koroblewska A, Podbielska-Kubera A, Waszczuk-Jankowska M, Struck-Lewicka W, Markuszewski MJ. An Overview of the Application of Systems Biology in an Understanding of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) Development. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040245. [PMID: 33255995 PMCID: PMC7712485 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses. It is defined as the presence of a minimum of two out of four main symptoms such as hyposmia, facial pain, nasal blockage, and discharge, which last for 8–12 weeks. CRS significantly impairs a patient’s quality of life. It needs special treatment mainly focusing on preventing local infection/inflammation with corticosteroid sprays or improving sinus drainage using nasal saline irrigation. When other treatments fail, endoscopic sinus surgery is considered an effective option. According to the state-of-the-art knowledge of CRS, there is more evidence suggesting that it is more of an inflammatory disease than an infectious one. This condition is also treated as a multifactorial inflammatory disorder as it may be triggered by various factors, such as bacterial or fungal infections, airborne irritants, defects in innate immunity, or the presence of concomitant diseases. Due to the incomplete understanding of the pathological processes of CRS, there is a continuous search for new indicators that are directly related to the pathogenesis of this disease—e.g., in the field of systems biology. The studies adopting systems biology search for possible factors responsible for the disease at genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. The analyses of the changes in the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome may reveal the dysfunctional pathways of inflammatory regulation and provide a clear insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, in the present paper, we have summarized the state-of-the-art knowledge of the application of systems biology in the pathology and development of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalik
- Medical Center MML, Bagno 2, 00-112 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.D.-K.); (A.P.-K.)
| | - Alfred Samet
- Medical Center MML, Bagno 2, 00-112 Warsaw, Poland; (M.M.); (A.S.); (A.D.-K.); (A.P.-K.)
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Waszczuk-Jankowska
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.W.-J.); (W.S.-L.)
| | - Wiktoria Struck-Lewicka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.W.-J.); (W.S.-L.)
| | - Michał J. Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.W.-J.); (W.S.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(58)-349-1493
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Laulajainen‐Hongisto A, Lyly A, Hanif T, Dhaygude K, Kankainen M, Renkonen R, Donner K, Mattila P, Jartti T, Bousquet J, Kauppi P, Toppila‐Salmi S. Genomics of asthma, allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis: novel concepts and relevance in airway mucosa. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 33133517 PMCID: PMC7592594 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed several airway disease-associated risk loci. Their role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), however, is not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the airway relevance of loci and genes identified in GWAS studies. GWASs were searched from databases, and a list of loci associating significantly (p < 10-8) with asthma, AR and CRS was created. This yielded a total of 267 significantly asthma/AR-associated loci from 31 GWASs. No significant CRS -associated loci were found in this search. A total of 170 protein coding genes were connected to these loci. Of these, 76/170 (44%) showed bronchial epithelial protein expression in stained microscopic figures of Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and 61/170 (36%) had a literature report of having airway epithelial function. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses were performed, and 19 functional protein categories were found as significantly (p < 0.05) enriched among these genes. These were related to cytokine production, cell activation and adaptive immune response, and all were strongly connected in network analysis. We also identified 15 protein pathways that were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in these genes, related to T-helper cell differentiation, virus infection, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and asthma. A third of GWAS-level risk loci genes of asthma or AR seemed to have airway epithelial functions according to our database and literature searches. In addition, many of the risk loci genes were immunity related. Some risk loci genes also related to metabolism, neuro-musculoskeletal or other functions. Functions overlapped and formed a strong network in our pathway analyses and are worth future studies of biomarker and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Laulajainen‐Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Annina Lyly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Matti Kankainen
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Risto Renkonen
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kati Donner
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Université MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- MACVIA‐FranceMontpellierFrance
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität Zu BerlinBerlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy CenterDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Toppila‐Salmi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Sree Sudha T, Pugazhenthan T, Krishna Sasanka K, Sri Hari T, Vijayakumar A. WITHDRAWN: Dupilumab: A review of potential in the treatment of Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7566669 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at
the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for
any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article
Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal
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26
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Song WJ, Lee JH, Won HK, Bachert C. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Older Adults: Clinical Presentation, Pathophysiology, and Comorbidity. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:46. [PMID: 31486905 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common condition that significantly affects patients' life. This work aims to provide an up-to-date overview of CRSwNP in older adults, focusing on its aging-related clinical presentations, pathophysiology, and comorbidity associations including asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Recent large population-based studies using nasal endoscopy have shown that CRSwNP is a mostly late-onset disease. Age-related changes in physiologic functions, including nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction, may underlie the incidence and different clinical presentations of CRSwNP in older adults. However, there is still a paucity of evidence on the effect of aging on phenotypes and endotypes of CRSwNP. Meanwhile, late-onset asthma is a major comorbid condition in patients with CRSwNP; they frequently present with type 2 inflammatory signatures that are refractory to conventional treatments when they are comorbid. However, as they are more commonly non-atopic, causative factors other than classical atopic sensitization, such as Staphylococcus aureus specific IgE sensitization, are suggested to drive the type 2 inflammation. There are additional comorbidity associations in older patients with CRSwNP, including those with chronic otitis media and head and neck malignancy. Age is a major determinant for the incidence and clinical presentations of CRSwNP. Given the heterogeneity in phenotypes and endotypes, longitudinal investigations are warranted to elucidate the effects of aging on CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyang Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Purnell PR, Addicks BL, Zalzal HG, Shapiro S, Wen S, Ramadan HH, Setola V, Siderovski DP. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Chemosensory Pathway Genes GNB3, TAS2R19, and TAS2R38 Are Associated with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:72-78. [PMID: 31137020 DOI: 10.1159/000499875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifaceted disease with a significant genetic component. The importance of taste receptor signaling has recently been highlighted in CRS; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of bitter tastant-responsive G-protein-coupled receptors have been linked with CRS and with altered innate immune responses to multiple bacterially derived signals. OBJECTIVE To determine in CRS the frequency of six SNPs in genes with known bitter tastant signaling function. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from 74 CRS volunteers in West Virginia, and allele frequency was determined and compared with demographically matched data from the 1,000 Genomes database. RESULTS For two SNPs in a gene recently associated with bitterant signaling regulation, RGS21, there were no associations with CRS (although the frequency of the minor allele of RGS21, rs7528947, was seen to increase with increasing Lund-Mackay CT staging score). Two TAS2R bitter taste receptor gene variants (TAS2R19 rs10772420 and TAS2R38 rs713598), identified in prior CRS genetics studies, were found to have similar associations in this study. CONCLUSION Unique to our study is the establishment of an association between CRS in this patient population and GNB3 SNP rs5443, a variation in an established G protein component downstream of bitterant receptor signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Purnell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Benjamin L Addicks
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Habib G Zalzal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Scott Shapiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hassan H Ramadan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Setola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.,Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - David P Siderovski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,
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28
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Workman AD, Nocera AL, Mueller SK, Otu HH, Libermann TA, Bleier BS. Translating transcription: proteomics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps reveals significant discordance with messenger RNA expression. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:776-786. [PMID: 30775848 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the literature examining chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) immunopathology has been predicated on messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis with the assumption that transcriptional changes would reflect end-effector protein expression. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using matched transcriptomic and proteomic data sets. METHODS Matched tissue proteomic and transcriptomic arrays were quantified in CRSwNP polyp tissue and control inferior turbinate tissue (n = 10/group). Mucus samples were additionally collected in 6 subjects from each group. Proteins were grouped into functional categories by bioinformatics and differential expression analyses. Log-log regression and Pearson correlations were performed to determine the level of agreement between data sets. RESULTS Of the 1310 proteins examined, 393 were significantly differentially expressed in CRSwNP. On regression analysis, differences in protein expression were poorly predicted by differences in mRNA expression (R2 = 0.020, p < 0.05). Several genes canonically thought to be overexpressed in CRSwNP, including IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, CCL13, and CCL26, showed substantial increases in mRNA transcription, but had minimally or unchanged protein expression. Others, including IgE, periostin, CCL18, and CST1/2, were increased at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Among differentially regulated proteins, tissue and mucus protein levels showed weak correlation (r = 0.26, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Proteomic analysis in CRSwNP has revealed novel disease-associated proteins and pathways, yet correlates poorly with transcriptomic data. The increasing availability of proteomic arrays opens the door to new potential explanatory mechanisms in CRSwNP and suggests that mRNA based studies should be validated with protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela L Nocera
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hasan H Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Towia A Libermann
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA.,BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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29
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Smith KA, Orlandi RR, Oakley G, Meeks H, Curtin K, Alt JA. Long-term revision rates for endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 9:402-408. [PMID: 30570840 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported revision rates for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) vary significantly. Several investigations examining revision rates for ESS have been limited by duration of follow-up, academic centers, or small surgeon cohorts. The objective of this study was to define the long-term revision rates for ESS and to determine those unique patient factors that increase the risk of revision ESS. METHODS The Utah Population Database was queried for Current Procedural Terminology codes for ESS from 1996 to 2016. Patient demographics and comorbid diagnoses were collected. Revision rates and risk factors for surgery were determined by Cox proportional hazard modeling. RESULTS A total of 29,934 patients were identified, with a mean length of follow-up of 9.7 years. The long-term revision rate was found to be 15.9%. The mean time between surgeries decreased with higher number of revision surgeries. The time between the first and second surgery was 4.39 years and the time between the fourth and fifth surgery decreased to 2.18 years. Female gender, older age at first surgery, nasal polyps, comorbid asthma, allergy, and a family history of CRS all increased the risk of requiring revision surgery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The long-term revision rate for ESS exceeds 15% and the time between revision surgeries decreased with each additional surgery being performed. Unique patient factors increased the risk of requiring revision ESS. Understanding patients' risk for revision surgery may help physicians select and counsel patients with CRS undergoing ESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gretchen Oakley
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Huong Meeks
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Workman AD, Kohanski MA, Cohen NA. Biomarkers in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2018; 38:679-692. [PMID: 30342588 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a complex disease that exists along the inflammatory spectrum between types 1 and 2 inflammation. The classic phenotypic differentiation of chronic rhinosinusitis based on the presence or absence of inflammatory polyps remains one of the best differentiators of response to therapy. Development of biologics for the treatment of atopic disease and asthma and topical therapies for sinusitis have placed renewed emphasis on understanding the pathophysiology of polyp disease. Identification of key markers of polyposis will allow for better stratification of inflammatory polyp disease endotypes to objectively identify medical therapies and track response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Levchenko AS, Piskunov VS, Konoplya NA, Bushueva OY, Raspopov AA, Mezentseva OY, Polonikov AV. Genetic Aspects of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418080082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To perform analysis of evidence in current literature on the topic of genetics and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with a particular focus on recent findings in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), genes associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, and taste receptor T2R38. Other genes that have been found to have association with CRS are also presented and discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in CFTR and CRS research have investigated possible CFTR-potentiators for treatment of refractory CRS. The T2R38 gene has been shown to be applicable in the clinical setting with a testable phenotype and may have a role in the prognosis and influencing management strategies of CRS patients. Many genes of the immune system have been studied, with genome-wide association studies and candidate-gene approaches identifying new associations that will need replication and further elucidation. SUMMARY CRS is a multifactorial disease, with strong evidence of a genetic component in its pathophysiology for some cases. Currently, there are over 70 genes that have been genetically associated with CRS in the past 15 years. Future investigations into genetic causes and predispositions of CRS may allow for improved prognostication and development of disease-prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Intra-operative biopsy in chronic sinusitis detects pathogenic Escherichia coli that carry fimG/H, fyuA and agn43 genes coding biofilm formation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192899. [PMID: 29570706 PMCID: PMC5865710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not surgical biopsy of sinus tissue in chronic sinusitis, not responsive to treatment, would detect E. coli. We intended to evaluate E. coli virulence genes, therefore dispute the causal role of such an unusual microorganism in chronic sinusitis, as well as consider effective pathogen-targeted therapy. Patients with E. coli isolated by intra-operative puncture biopsy were included in the study. Genetic analysis of E. coli isolates, including phylogenetic grouping and virulence factor characteristics, were done by multiplex PCR. We identified 26 patients with chronic sinusitis, in which 26 E. coli isolates were cultured. The E. coli isolates belonged mainly to pathogenic phylogenetic group B2, and carried multiple virulence genes. Three genes in particular were present in all (100%) of examined isolates, they were (1) marker agn43 gene for forming biofilm, (2) type 1 fimbriae (fimG/H gene) and (3) yersiniabactin receptor (fyuA). Furthermore, a pseudo-phylogenetic tree of virulence genes distribution revealed possible cooperation between agn43, fimG/H, and fyuA in the coding of biofilm formation. Intra-operative-biopsy and culture-based therapy, targeting the isolated E. coli, coincided with long-term resolution of symptoms. This is the first report demonstrating an association between a highly pathogenic E. coli, chronic sinus infection, and resolution of symptoms upon E. coli targeted therapy, a significant finding due to the fact that E. coli has not been considered to be a commensal organism of the oropharynx or sinuses. We postulate that the simultaneous presence of three genes, each coding biofilm formation, may in part account for the chronicity of E. coli sinusitis.
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34
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Bohman A, Juodakis J, Oscarsson M, Bacelis J, Bende M, Torinsson Naluai Å. A family-based genome-wide association study of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps implicates several genes in the disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185244. [PMID: 29253858 PMCID: PMC5734761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is largely unknown. Previous studies have given valuable information about genetic variants associated with this disease but much is still unexplained. Our goal was to identify genetic markers and genes associated with susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps using a family-based genome-wide association study. METHODS 427 patients (293 males and 134 females) with CRSwNP and 393 controls (175 males and 218 females) were recruited from several Swedish hospitals. SNP association values were generated using DFAM (implemented in PLINK) and Efficient Mixed Model Association eXpedited (EMMAX). Analyses of pathway enrichment, gene expression levels and expression quantitative trait loci were then performed in turn. RESULTS None of the analysed SNPs reached genome wide significant association of 5.0 x 10-8. Pathway analyses using our top 1000 markers with the most significant association p-values resulted in 138 target genes. A comparison between our target genes and gene expression data from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database showed significant overlap for 36 of these genes. Comparisons with data from expression quantitative trait loci showed the most skewed allelic distributions in cases with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps compared with controls for the genes HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that HLCS, HLA-DRA, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 could be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. HLA-DRA has been associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in previous studies and HLCS, BICD2, VSIR and SLC5A1 may be new targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bohman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julius Juodakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Oscarsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xiu Q, Kong C, Gao Y, Gao Y, Sha J, Cui N, Zhu D. Hypoxia regulates IL-17A secretion from nasal polyp epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102097-102109. [PMID: 29254228 PMCID: PMC5731938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia creates a microenvironment conducive to polypogenesis by regulating immune responses of the nasal polyp (NP) epithelium. We explored the immunocompetence of NP and control epithelial cells in response to hypoxia, to investigate potential relationships with polypogenesis. Three groups of tissue samples were collected: inferior turbinate (IT)and NP from individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis with NPs (CRSwNP), and control IT. A positive relationship was detected between HIF1α, HIF2α protein expression in epithelial cells and endoscope score in NP samples, while there was a negative correlation between HIF1α expression and degree of eosinophil infiltration. Epithelial IL-17A expression was lower in NPs than in IT samples from either controls or patients with CRSwNP. Primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated decreased IL-17A expression upon prolonged exposure to hypoxia in both IT and NP samples from patients with CRSwNP, while IL-17A increased in control IT epithelial cells; correlation and time-dependency were observed between HIF1α and IL-17A expression in both IT and NP samples from patients with CRSwNP. These observations suggest that hypoxia is involved in the pathogenesis of NPs through regulation of IL-17A secretion and HIF1α and HIF2α expression in the NP epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiyao Gao
- Department of Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jichao Sha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Cho SH, Kim DW, Gevaert P. Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 4:575-82. [PMID: 27393771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is more prevalent than chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Certain diseases predispose to whereas others are associated with CRSsNP. Predisposing diseases include allergic and nonallergic upper and lower airway diseases, epithelial cell disorders, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and some infectious diseases. In addition, environmental and host factors, examples of which include smoking, a higher incidence of abnormal biofilms, and innate immune defects, play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. CRSsNP is characterized by histologic abnormalities, including basement membrane thickening (fibrosis) and goblet cell hyperplasia. Neutrophils and several chemokines, TGF-β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-8, play a role in CRSsNP remodeling. However, there are conflicting data about CRSsNP endotypes, for example, whether it is characterized by neutrophilia or eosinophilia or both. In spite of advancements and the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, additional study is necessary to better comprehend its underlying mechanisms, endotypes, and evidence-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Misron K, Hamid SSA, Ahmad A, Ramli RR. A Study of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Tumour Necrosis Factor α-1031 And Tumour Necrosis Factor β+ 252 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 10:241-247. [PMID: 28449554 PMCID: PMC5545697 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2016.01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This case-controlled study aimed to identify the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-1031 and TNFβ+ 252 gene polymorphisms between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and healthy controls. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of these gene polymorphisms with factors related to CRS. METHODS All deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were genotyped for TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 genes by mean of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The statistical analysis were carried out using chi-square test or Fisher exact test to determine the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS and its related risk factors. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene did not show any significant associations between CRS and healthy controls. However, a significantly statistical difference of TNFα-1031 was observed in CRS participants with atopy (P-value, 0.045; odds ratio, 3.66) but not in CRS with asthma or aspirin intolerance. CONCLUSION Although the presence of TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene polymorphisms did not render any significant associations between CRS and healthy control, this study suggests that TNFα-1031 gene polymorphisms in CRS patients with atopy may be associated with increase susceptibility towards CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisak Misron
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suzina Sheikh Ab Hamid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ramiza Ramza Ramli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Alt JA, Thomas AJ, Curtin K, Wong J, Rudmik L, Orlandi RR. Mortality risk in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and its association to asthma. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:591-599. [PMID: 28272838 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition, with significant effects on morbidity and quality of life. Given that other chronic inflammatory conditions have been associated with increased mortality risk, we sought to evaluate the relationship between mortality and CRS including the influence of asthma. Our objective was to determine if CRS, with or without asthma, is associated with altered risk of mortality. METHODS Using a statewide population database, we retrospectively identified 27,005 patients diagnosed with CRS between 1996 and 2012, and 134,440 unaffected controls matched 5:1 on birth year and sex. Risk of mortality was determined from Cox models and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare survival. RESULTS A significant interaction between CRS and asthma status was observed in which CRS appeared to confer a protective effect in asthma patients. Asthma, when present, increased mortality in CRS-negative controls (p-interaction < 0.0001). Independent of asthma status, CRS patients exhibited a decreased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 0.85) compared to controls. However, in patients diagnosed at or before the median age of CRS onset (42 years) independent of asthma status, survival was not improved (HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.18). Risk of mortality was greater in CRS with nasal polyps (n = 1643) compared to 25,362 polyp-negative CRS patients (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.77). CONCLUSION CRS was associated with lower risk of mortality compared to controls, and appeared to mitigate increased mortality from asthma. We posit that better survival conferred by CRS may be secondary to treatment. However, the etiology of this relationship and the effect of CRS treatment on mortality are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Andrew J Thomas
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.,Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jathine Wong
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Luke Rudmik
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a troublesome, chronic inflammatory disease that affects over 10% of the adult population, causing decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and lost time at work and leading to more than a million surgical interventions annually worldwide. The nose, paranasal sinuses, and associated lymphoid tissues play important roles in homeostasis and immunity, and CRS significantly impairs these normal functions. Pathogenic mechanisms of CRS have recently become the focus of intense investigations worldwide, and significant progress has been made. The two main forms of CRS that have been long recognized, with and without nasal polyps, are each now known to be heterogeneous, based on underlying mechanism, geographical location, and race. Loss of the immune barrier, including increased permeability of mucosal epithelium and reduced production of important antimicrobial substances and responses, is a common feature of many forms of CRS. One form of CRS with polyps found worldwide is driven by the cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 coming from Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and probably mast cells. Type 2 cytokines activate inflammatory cells that are implicated in the pathogenic mechanism, including mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. New classes of biological drugs that block the production or action of these cytokines are making important inroads toward new treatment paradigms in polypoid CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611;
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Padia R, Alt JA, Curtin K, Muntz HR, Orlandi RR, Berger J, Meier JD. Familial link of otitis media requiring tympanostomy tubes. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:962-966. [PMID: 27861935 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Placement of tympanostomy tubes for recurrent or chronic otitis media is the most commonly performed ambulatory procedure in the United States. Etiologies have been speculated to be environmentally based, and studies have suggested a genetic component to the disease. However, no large-scale studies have attempted to define a familial component. The objective of this study was to determine the familial risk of otitis media requiring tympanostomy tubes (OMwTT) in a statewide population. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study with population-based matched controls. METHODS Using an extensive genealogical database linked to medical records, the familial risk of OMwTT was calculated for relatives of probands (46,249 patients diagnosed with OMwTT from 1996-2013) compared to random population controls matched 5:1 on sex and birth year from logistic regression models. RESULTS The median age at time of tympanostomy tube placement was 1 year (interquartile range, 0-2 years). First-degree relatives of patients with OMwTT, primarily siblings, had a 5-fold increased risk of OMwTT (P < 10-16 ). Second-degree relatives were at a 1.5-fold increased risk (P < 10-15 ). More extended relatives (third, fourth and fifth degree) showed a 1.4-fold increased risk (P < 10-15 ). CONCLUSIONS In the largest population-based study to date, a significant familial risk is confirmed in OMwTT, suggesting otitis media may have a significant genetic component given the increased risk found in close as well as distant relatives. This could be influenced by shared environments given a five-times risk observed in siblings. Further understanding the genetic basis of OMwTT and its interplay with environmental factors may clarify the etiology and lead to better detection of disease and treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b. Laryngoscope, 127:962-966, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Padia
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Karen Curtin
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Harlan R Muntz
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Justin Berger
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy D Meier
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
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Stevens WW, Schleimer RP, Kern RC. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:565-72. [PMID: 27393770 PMCID: PMC4939220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an important clinical entity diagnosed by the presence of both subjective and objective evidence of chronic sinonasal inflammation. Symptoms include anterior or posterior rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, hyposmia, and/or facial pressure or pain that last for a duration of more than 12 weeks. Nasal polyps are inflammatory lesions that project into the nasal airway, are typically bilateral, and originate from the ethmoid sinus. Males are more likely to be affected than females, but no specific genetic or environmental factors have been strongly linked to the development of this disorder to date. CRSwNP is frequently associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the clinical symptoms are not fully understood. Defects in the sinonasal epithelial cell barrier, increased exposure to pathogenic and colonized bacteria, and dysregulation of the host immune system are all thought to play prominent roles in disease pathogenesis. Additional studies are needed to further explore the clinical and pathophysiological features of CRSwNP so that biomarkers can be identified and novel advances can be made to improve the treatment and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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Ho TV, Chowdhury N, Kandl C, Hoover C, Robinson A, Hoover L. Genealogical databases as a tool for extending follow-up in clinical reviews. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 6:880-2. [PMID: 27013063 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term follow-up in clinical reviews often presents significant difficulty with conventional medical records alone. Publicly accessible genealogical databases such as Ancestry.com provide another avenue for obtaining extended follow-up and added outcome information. No previous studies have described the use of genealogical databases in the follow-up of individual patients. METHODS Ancestry.com, the largest genealogical database in the United States, houses extensive demographic data on an increasing number of Americans. In a recent retrospective review of esthesioneuroblastoma patients treated at our institution, we used this resource to ascertain the outcomes of patients otherwise lost to follow-up. Additional information such as quality of life and supplemental treatments the patient may have received at home was obtained through direct contact with living relatives. RESULTS The use of Ancestry.com resulted in a 25% increase (20 months) in follow-up duration as well as incorporation of an additional 7 patients in our study (18%) who would otherwise not have had adequate hospital chart data for inclusion. Many patients within this subset had more advanced disease or were remotely located from our institution. As such, exclusion of these outliers can impact the quality of subsequent outcome analysis. CONCLUSION Online genealogical databases provide a unique resource of public information that is acceptable to institutional review boards for patient follow-up in clinical reviews. Utilization of Ancestry.com data led to significant improvement in follow-up duration and increased the number of patients with sufficient data that could be included in our retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Van Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Naweed Chowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Christopher Kandl
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Cindy Hoover
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ann Robinson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Larry Hoover
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Padia R, Curtin K, Peterson K, Orlandi RR, Alt J. Eosinophilic esophagitis strongly linked to chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:1279-83. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reema Padia
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A
| | - Karen Curtin
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A
| | - Kathryn Peterson
- Department of Medicine; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A
| | - Richard R. Orlandi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A
| | - Jeremiah Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah U.S.A
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Orb Q, Curtin K, Oakley GM, Wong J, Meier J, Orlandi RR, Alt JA. Familial risk of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:739-45. [PMID: 26228920 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in relatives of children with a diagnosis of CRS. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study with population-based matched controls. METHODS A unique genealogical database linked to medical records was used to identify subjects ≤12 years old with a diagnosis of CRS from 1996 to 2011. The familial recurrence risks of CRS in first- through fifth-degree relatives of probands were calculated using Cox models and compared to controls randomly selected from the Utah population and matched 10:1 on sex and birth year. RESULTS We identified 496 pediatric patients with CRS. Siblings of patients with CRS demonstrated a 57.5-fold increased risk (P < 10(-8) ) of also having pediatric CRS. First cousins had a 9.0-fold increased risk (P < 10(-3) ) and second cousins had a 2.9-fold increased risk (P = .002) of pediatric CRS. First-degree relatives, second-degree relatives, and first cousins of pediatric cases demonstrated a significant increased risk of having adult CRS. Parents of probands demonstrated a 5.6-fold increased risk (P < 10(-15) ). Fifty-five probands had one affected parent versus three probands with two affected parents. CONCLUSIONS In the largest population study to date of children with CRS, a significant familial risk is confirmed. Parents of probands were also at increased risk, although it was much more likely for one parent to be affected than both, suggesting a genetic component of the disease. Further understanding of the genetic basis of CRS and its interplay with environmental factors could clarify the etiology and lead to more effective targeted treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b Laryngoscope, 126:739-745, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Orb
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah.,Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Jathine Wong
- Pedigree and Population Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy Meier
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
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