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Heiland LD, Marrero-Gonzalez AR, Nguyen SA, Farmer HG, Rathi VK, Soler ZM, Schlosser RJ. Medical Management of Headache and Facial Pain in CRS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:4458-4465. [PMID: 38727514 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the effect of medical therapy on headache and facial pain/pressure among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). DATA SOURCES CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus. METHODS CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception through April 10th, 2024, for English language articles reporting headache or facial pain/pressure outcomes in CRS patients. Inclusion was restricted to studies reporting results of the medical treatment of CRS in nonsurgical cohorts. Primary outcome measures included the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT) and the visual analogue scale (VAS). Meta-analyses of continuous measures (mean), mean difference (Δ), and proportions (%) were conducted. RESULTS The initial search yielded 2429 unique articles. After a full-text review of 272 articles, 17 studies reporting outcomes for 2269 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean patient age was 48.6 years (range 18.0-86.0; 95% CI: 46.5 to 50.6), among which 55.4% (95% CI: 51.5 to 59.4) were male and 82.9% (95% CI: 68.8 to 93.4) had nasal polyposis. SNOT facial pain/pressure scores improved by 1.1 points (95% CI: -1.7 to -0.5; relative reduction 40.4%) with non-biologic therapies and 1.0 point (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.6; relative reduction 54.6%) with biologic therapies. On an 11-point scale, VAS headaches scores improved by 1.8 units (95% CI: -3.3 to -0.3; 42.1% relative reduction) in CRSwNP patients and 1.0 unit (95% CI: -1.7 to -0.3; 54.0% relative reduction) in CRSsNP patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest medical therapy significantly reduces facial pain and pressure in the CRS population. Laryngoscope, 134:4458-4465, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Heiland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Alejandro R Marrero-Gonzalez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Shaun A Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Hannah G Farmer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Vinay K Rathi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A
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Workman AD, Kuppusamy K, Lerner DK, Bosso JV, Douglas JE, Kohanski MA, Adappa ND, Palmer JN. Assessing adequacy of surgical extent in CRSwNP: The Completion of Surgery Index. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024. [PMID: 39264325 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) maximized for topical steroid irrigations is highly effective for polyp disease. As extent and completeness of ESS varies widely by situation and practitioner, it is important to understand when revision surgery is appropriate, particularly in the era of biologic treatments. METHODS A Completion of Surgery Index (CoSI) was developed to assess operative changes in polyp patients using pre- and postoperative computed tomography scans. The CoSI was then applied and tested in a cohort of consecutive chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients, and examined within the context of quality-of-life improvements. RESULTS The CoSI assesses surgical extent on a scale of 0-100, with 100 representing the highest possible degree of surgical completeness. Among 100 consecutive CRSwNP patients undergoing ESS in 2021 with postoperative topical steroid irrigations, including 75 revision surgeries, SNOT-22 scores improved at 6 months postoperatively, with durable and consistent improvement at 24 months (p < 0.001). Preoperative CoSI scores in revision surgery patients were 49.4 ± 26.0, improving to 91.0 ± 8.1 postoperatively. SNOT-22 scores for primary ESS patients and patients with a preoperative CoSI score of less than 70 improved by 26.4 and 28.1 points, respectively, in contrast to patients with a preoperative CoSI of 70 or greater (14.1 points, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS It is important to define extent of surgery in CRSwNP to stratify postsurgical patients based on likelihood to benefit from revision surgery or alternative medications. The CoSI can be utilized to identify patients who are likely to improve significantly with revision surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krithika Kuppusamy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David K Lerner
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John V Bosso
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer E Douglas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James N Palmer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kim DH, Stybayeva G, Hwang SH. Comparative Effectiveness of Dupilumab Versus Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Polyps: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2024:19458924241272978. [PMID: 39149992 DOI: 10.1177/19458924241272978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatment paradigms recommend surgical intervention when conventional medical management proves ineffective in resolving chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare the efficacy of dupilumab and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) over time. METHODS Studies comparing CRSwNP patients who received dupilumab with those who underwent FESS were included. Outcome measures included the nasal congestion score (NCS), Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test-40 (UPSIT-40), and nasal polyp score (NPS). The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 4 studies with 724 participants were included. The dupilumab group had a superior NCS, but an inferior NPS, compared to the FESS group during the follow-up period. The SNOT-22 score of the dupilumab group was inferior to that of the FESS group until 6 months posttreatment, but the scores were similar at around 1 year. A similar trend was observed for the UPSIT-40 score, but the score of the dupilumab group was higher at around 1 year. CONCLUSION Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was more effective than dupilumab for several months after treatment. However, at 1 year after treatment, the effects of the 2 treatments became similar, with greater olfactory improvement seen in the dupilumab group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Bachert C, Khan AH, Fokkens WJ, Hopkins C, Gevaert P, Han JK, Hellings PW, Lee SE, Msihid J, Nash S, Sacks H, Jacob-Nara JA, Deniz Y, Rowe PJ. Dupilumab response onset, maintenance, and durability in patients with severe CRSwNP. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00820-0. [PMID: 39151476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responder analyses of SINUS phase 3 study data have shown clinically meaningful improvements across multiple outcomes of treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with dupilumab. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to gain a better understanding of dynamics of the response to dupilumab over 52 weeks. METHODS We used data from the SINUS-52 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02898454) intention-to-treat population to perform a post hoc analysis of patients with severe CRSwNP who had received dupilumab, 300 mg once every 2 weeks, or placebo. Response, which was defined as an improvement from baseline of a least 1 point in Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), nasal congestion (NC) score, and loss of smell (LoS) score, as well as an improvement of at least 8.9 points on the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), was assessed for rapidity, maintenance, and durability. RESULTS The study included 303 patients (150 of whom received dupilumab and 153 of whom received placebo). For each outcome measure, a greater proportion of patients achieved a first response by week 16 (rapidity) with dupilumab versus with placebo; specifically, the respective differences in indicators between the 2 groups by week 16 were as follows: NPS, 75.3% versus 39.2%; NC score, 60.0% versus 24.2%; LoS score, 60.7% versus 15.7%; and SNOT-22 score, 83.3% versus 66.0%. Of those patients given dupilumab who had a response by week 16, more than 80% maintained their response at week 52 (maintenance). Over 52 weeks, greater proportions of those patients given dupilumab were responders on at least 80% of time points; specifically, the respective differences in indicators between the 2 groups by week 16 were as follows: NPS, 46.7% versus 2.6%; NC score, 46.7% versus 9.2%; LoS score, 47.3% versus 3.9%; and SNOT-22 score, 62.0% versus 21.6% (durability). CONCLUSION Most patients with CRSwNP achieve clinically meaningful responses to dupilumab by week 16, and most such patients in our study had maintenance and durability of response with continued treatment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Bachert
- University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | | | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Stella E Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Scott Nash
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Harry Sacks
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | - Yamo Deniz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
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Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Marchioni D, Pipolo C, Garzaro M, Nitro L, Dell'Era V, Ferrella F, Campagnoli M, Russo P, Galloni C, Ghidini A, De Corso E, Lucidi D. Influence of Prior Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Extent on Dupilumab Effectiveness in CRSwNP Patients. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:1556-1563. [PMID: 37632705 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend that the vast majority of patients with severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) should have at least one endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) prior to starting biologics. Because ESS can be performed with a variable extension, the aim of this study would be to evaluate the association between surgical extensiveness, as measured by ACCESS score, and outcomes collected in patients treated with Dupilumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a multicentric retrospective study; patients affected by CRSwNP who were subjected to Dupilumab therapy and who underwent at least one ESS prior to Dupilumab initiation were included. ACCESS score was assigned to each patient's pre-Dupilumab CT scan. Subjective and objective parameters (SNOT-22, NPS, VAS scores, Sniffin' Sticks) were collected before and during the administration of therapy. Statistical correlations between ACCESS scores and clinical outcomes were investigated. RESULTS A total of 145 patients were included; mean time from last previous ESS was 68.6 months, and on average, patients were subjected to 2.2 surgeries. Many correlations with ACCESS scores were demonstrated: better NPS at all timepoints and subjective scores (30-days SNOT-22, VAS nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea) were achieved in patients with low ACCESS score (more extensive ESS). On the other hand, significantly worse VAS loss of smell values were demonstrated in patients with lower ACCESS scores. CONCLUSION Dupilumab patients subjected to a prior extensive ESS may have reduced size of polyps and improved subjective indicators, together with a decreased chance to recover smell, when compared with patients who underwent a minimal excision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:1556-1563, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Alicandri-Ciufelli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pipolo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Letizia Nitro
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Dell'Era
- ENT Division, Eastern Piedmont University Hospital of Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrella
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Campagnoli
- ENT Division, Eastern Piedmont University Hospital of Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Russo
- ENT Department, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Costanza Galloni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Angelo Ghidini
- ENT Department, Azienda USL Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Department of Head, Neck and Sensory Organs, A. Gemelli University Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lucidi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Garvey E, Naimi B, Duffy A, Hannikainen P, Kahn C, Farquhar D, Rosen M, Rabinowitz M, Toskala E, Nyquist G. Optimizing the timing of biologic and surgical therapy for patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:651-659. [PMID: 37506043 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is often treated with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS); however, patients may require revision surgery due to recurrence. To date, no studies have compared outcomes for combined surgery and biologic therapy for CRSwNP compared with biologic therapy alone. METHODS Retrospective case-control study of CRSwNP patients who underwent ESS while on dupilumab or mepolizumab (ESS-biologic cohort) compared with CRSwNP patients on biologic therapy (biologic-only controls). Cohorts were matched according to indication, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), and total polyp scores. RESULTS Sixteen patients underwent ESS while on biologic therapy (13 dupilumab and 3 mepolizumab). Sixteen patients were biologic-only controls. There were no significant differences between indication, baseline SNOT-22 scores, polyp scores, and AERD status between cohorts. Patients underwent surgery a median of 33 days after starting biologic therapy. After 12 months of follow-up, the total polyp score for the ESS-biologic cohort decreased from 4.73 to 0.09 compared with a decrease from 5.22 to 3.38 for the biologic-only controls (95% confidence interval [CI] of difference: -5.37 to -1.38, Cohen's d: 2.40, p = 0.005). In the ESS-dupilumab subanalysis, the ESS-dupilumab cohort had a significant reduction in polyp burden from 4.85 to 0.00 compared with 4.88 to 3.50 for the controls (95% CI of difference: -5.68 to -1.32, Cohen's d: -1.69, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION In CRSwNP patients, combined ESS and biologic therapy results in a significant and sustained decrease in polyp burden compared with biologic therapy alone. Larger studies are warranted to further examine the impact of combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Garvey
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bita Naimi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Duffy
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paavali Hannikainen
- Thomas Jefferson Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chase Kahn
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Farquhar
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Rosen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mindy Rabinowitz
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elina Toskala
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gurston Nyquist
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Papacharalampous GX, Constantinidis J, Fotiadis G, Zhang N, Bachert C, Katotomichelakis M. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with omalizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab: A systematic review of the current knowledge towards an attempt to compare agents' efficacy. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2024; 14:96-109. [PMID: 37394893 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of existing studies, along with the fact that there are no published head-to-head trials, are the main reasons for the lack of guidelines regarding the selection of the proper biologic in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the efficacy of omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab in CRS treatment. We also attempt to proceed to an indirect comparison of the agents and try to answer the tricky question: which agent to select and why? METHODS An extensive search in English literature was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database/Library. Eligibility criteria included papers with full text published in English, adult population studies, clearly described intervention protocol, and documented primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS The studies included numbered 37. All agents provided significant improvement in polyp size, sinuses opacification, severity of symptoms, need for surgery and systemic corticosteroids use. Analysis of available systematic reviews, meta-analyses and indirect treatment comparison studies showed that dupilumab appeared to be the most beneficial agent, in terms of primary and secondary outcomes. However, these results are of relatively low level of evidence due to several methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS Although the present analysis showed a moderate supremacy of dupilumab, there is still no evidence-based answer to the question "which biologic agent is the most effective in CRS treatment?" Improved statistical methodology, head-to-head trials, and real-life studies could lead to more robust conclusions, establishing the real role of the specific biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannis Constantinidis
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Fotiadis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Katotomichelakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Martin-Jimenez D, Moreno-Luna R, Cuvillo A, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Maza-Solano J, Sanchez-Gomez S. Endoscopic Extended Sinus Surgery for Patients with Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps, the Choice of Mucoplasty: A Systematic Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:733-746. [PMID: 37991673 PMCID: PMC10739272 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The advances in the knowledge of the molecular basis of the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have led the management of these patients towards personalized and precision medicine. Surgery has been positioned as a suitable alternative in patients who do not achieve control with appropriate medical treatment, but polypoid recurrences remain a constraint. The emergence of new surgical approaches based on patient phenotyping and the poor disease control associated with type 2 inflammatory phenotype makes it necessary to review the role of personalized and precision surgery in managing the disease. RECENT FINDINGS Surgical approaches based on wide resection of bony sinus structures and the treatment of mucosa lining the sinonasal cavity have been analyzed and compared with other techniques and seem to offer more favorable surgical outcomes and improved quality of life (QoL), in addition to lower relapse rates. The innovations with new complementary surgical techniques, such as reboot surgery adding an extended autologous mucosal graft from the nasal floor (mucoplasty), may benefit endoscopic and QoL outcomes in the most severe CRSwNP patients with type 2 phenotype. Using bilateral endonasal mucoplasty as a complementary technique to reboot surgery is a suitable technical choice that has improved short- and medium-term QoL and endoscopic outcomes for patients with severe CRSwNP. These results are likely due to a combination of the extension of reboot and the inherent inflammatory and healing properties of mucoplasty. We propose this technique as a valuable surgical resource, although more robust clinical studies are needed to evaluate its long-term benefits comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin-Jimenez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Doctor Fedriani Av. 3, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Ramon Moreno-Luna
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Doctor Fedriani Av. 3, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cuvillo
- Unidad de Rinología y Asma, UGC ORL, Hospital Universitaro De Jerez, Instituto De Investigación Biomedica De Cadiz (INIBICA), Jerez, 11407, Spain
| | - Jaime Gonzalez-Garcia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Doctor Fedriani Av. 3, Seville, 41009, Spain
| | - Juan Maza-Solano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Doctor Fedriani Av. 3, Seville, 41009, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, University of Seville, C. San Fernando, 4, Sevilla, 41004, Spain.
| | - Serafin Sanchez-Gomez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Doctor Fedriani Av. 3, Seville, 41009, Spain
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Maza-Solano J, Callejon-Leblic A, Martin-Jimenez D, Moreno-Luna R, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Cuvillo A, Sanchez-Gomez S. Omalizumab Treatment in Uncontrolled Asthma and CRSwNP Patients, with Previous Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, to Improve Quality of Life and Endoscopic Outcomes: a Two-Year Real-Life Study. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:555-566. [PMID: 37644255 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite molecular underlying advances, limited and divergent data on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) make further analysis necessary. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of omalizumab as an adjunct to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on the treatment of CRSwNP under real-life conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Since the introduction of omalizumab, as the first biologic agent for the treatment of diseases such as severe allergic asthma, different studies have demonstrated an effect of omalizumab on CRSwNP, with significant improvements in sinonasal symptoms and endoscopic scores. The high efficacy derived from mAb therapy and the need for ESS prior to mAb recommended by guidelines, has led to compare both therapeutic alternatives, finding discrepancies in their effect on quality of life (QoL) and complementary tests outcomes. Patients with moderate-to-severe asthma with clinical criteria for omalizumab indication, and coexistent CRSwNP disease, were selected for a non-randomized interventional retrospective study into four treatment subgroups. Measures were analyzed and compared between groups and over time at the baseline, 16 weeks and 1 and 2 years after treatment. Omalizumab treatment in patients with previous ESS exhibited an earlier and more pronounced improvement in QoL, symptoms scale and endoscopic findings (nasal polyp score and the bilateral modified Lund-Kennedy) as early from week 16, which improvement persisted for 2 years. A greater mean improvement of 33.4 ± 6.5 (95% CI: 20.3-46.4; p < 0.001) points in sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT-22) was associated with ESS at week 16, against omalizumab effect (17.8 ± 7.6 [95% CI: 2.6-33.0]; p = 0.023). At year 2, an improvement in SNOT-22 of 62.6 ± 8.9 (95% CI: 48.4-84.1; p < 0.001) points was exclusively associated with omalizumab. Clinical evidence of the effect of omalizumab added to ESS treatment is provided in this study in the short- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Maza-Solano
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Amparo Callejon-Leblic
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Martin-Jimenez
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ramon Moreno-Luna
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Gonzalez-Garcia
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cuvillo
- Rhinology and Asthma Unit, ENT Department, Jerez Hospital, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Serafin Sanchez-Gomez
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
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10
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Shah SA, Kobayashi M. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and a prominent T2 endotype. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19249. [PMID: 37674852 PMCID: PMC10477494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogenous and multifactorial disease, characterized by persistent inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses, which causes nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, and smell disturbance. Chronic rhinosinusitis is divided into two phenotypes: chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp. Nasal polyps can be associated with many inflammatory cells including eosinophil cells, neutrophil cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes. T2 endotype is characterized by the type-2 immune response and nasal polyps are associated with eosinophilic dominant infiltration. In contrast, in the T1 and T3 endotypes, chronic rhinosinusitis can be associated with neutrophilic dominant infiltration. In addition, there are mixed types of inflammation with different proportions of eosinophils-neutrophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. In the T2 endotype, there is an increase in the production of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13, high levels of immunoglobulin-E in polyp tissue, and eosinophilia. Stimulation of Th2 cells, type-2 innate lymphoid cells, epithelial cell damage, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, and autoimmune antibodies have important roles in the enhancement of Th2 cytokines and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Monoclonal antibodies target type-2 inflammation, decrease nasal polyp size, and improve the clinical symptoms of CRSwNP patients. The present review will focus on factors involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Ahmad Shah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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11
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Smith KA, Gill AS, Pollard CE, Sumsion JS, Saffari H, Ashby S, Witt BL, Shipman PA, Gabrielsen DA, Yim MT, Levy JM, Oakley GM, Orlandi RR, Gleich GJ, Alt JA, Pulsipher A. An eosinophil peroxidase activity assay accurately predicts eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:400-407. [PMID: 37148919 PMCID: PMC10524284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A definitive diagnosis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) requires invasive surgical tissue sampling and histologic enumeration of intact eosinophils. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is an accurate biomarker of sinonasal tissue eosinophilia in CRS regardless of polyp status. A less invasive and rapid method that accurately identifies tissue eosinophilia would be of great benefit to patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate a new clinical tool that uses a nasal swab and colorimetric EPX activity assay to predict a diagnosis of eCRS. METHODS A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted using nasal swabs and sinonasal tissue biopsies obtained from patients with CRS electing endoscopic sinus surgery. Patients were classified as non-eCRS (n = 19) and eCRS (n = 35) on the basis of pathologically determined eosinophil counts of less than 10 or greater than or equal to 10 eosinophils/HPF, respectively. Swab-deposited EPX activity was measured and compared with tissue eosinophil counts, EPX levels, and CRS-specific disease metrics. RESULTS EPX activity was significantly increased in patients with eCRS than in patients without eCRS (P < .0001). With a relative absorbance unit cutoff value of greater than or equal to 0.80, the assay demonstrated high sensitivity (85.7%) and moderate specificity (79.0%) for confirming eCRS. Spearman correlations between EPX activity and tissue eosinophil counts (rs = 0.424), EPX levels (rs = 0.503), and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores (rs = 0.440) in eCRS were significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This investigation evaluates a nasal swab sampling method and EPX activity assay that accurately confirms eCRS. This method could potentially address the unmet need to identify sinonasal tissue eosinophilia at the point-of-care, as well as to longitudinally monitor eosinophil activity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amarbir S Gill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chelsea E Pollard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jorgen S Sumsion
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hedieh Saffari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shaelene Ashby
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benjamin L Witt
- Cytopathology Section, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Paige A Shipman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - David A Gabrielsen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michael T Yim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, La
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Gretchen M Oakley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Richard R Orlandi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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12
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Miglani A, Soler ZM, Smith TL, Mace JC, Schlosser RJ. A comparative analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery versus biologics for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:116-128. [PMID: 35980852 PMCID: PMC9877092 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative effectiveness research between endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and biologic therapy for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a nascent field as new therapeutic modalities become clinically available. METHODS A prospective, multicenter cohort of CRSwNP patients, undergoing ESS between 2011 and 2019, were compared to phase-3 biologic trial data. Patients undergoing ESS received baseline nasal endoscopy quantified via Lund-Kennedy (LK) grading. Patients meeting inclusion criteria, modified from Dupilumab-LIBERTY-NP-24&52, omalizumab-POLYP-1&2, and Mepolizumab-SYNAPSE clinical trials, were included in this study. Baseline characteristics and outcome measures were compared between these cohorts at 24 weeks and 52 weeks, when possible. RESULTS A total of 111 CRSwNP patients met modified inclusion criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline age, sex, asthma status, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease status, smell identification, LK-polyp score, and Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores between ESS and biologic groups. At 24 weeks, ESS demonstrated significantly greater improvements in 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) compared to one (of two) dupilumab trials (p < 0.05) and both omalizumab trials (p < 0.001). ESS associated with significantly lower nasal polyp scores (NPS) compared to dupilumab (p < 0.001) and omalizumab (p < 0.001), despite comparable improvements in smell identification (p > 0.05). At 52 weeks, ESS resulted in statistically similar improvement in SNOT-22 scores compared to dupilumab (p = 0.21), but NPS remained significantly lower in the ESS group compared to dupilumab (p < 0.001) and mepolizumab (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION At 24 weeks and 52 weeks, ESS offers comparable SNOT-22 improvements compared to dupilumab. ESS and dupilumab offer comparable improvement in smell identification at 24 weeks. Compared to omalizumab, ESS offers superior SNOT-22 improvements. ESS offers significantly greater reductions in polyp size compared to omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Miglani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC
| | - Zachary M. Soler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC
| | - Timothy L. Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR
| | - Jess C Mace
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR
| | - Rodney J. Schlosser
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC
- Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center; Charleston, SC
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13
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Maza-Solano J, Biadsee A, Sowerby LJ, Calvo-Hernández C, Tucciarone M, Rocha T, Maniaci A, Saibene AM, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Radulesco T, Metwaly O, Lechien JR, Alobid I, Locatello LG. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps management in the biologic therapy era: an international YO-IFOS survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 280:2309-2316. [PMID: 36454385 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the consistency between the international guidelines recommendations and worldwide standard practices regarding diagnostic work-up and follow-up strategies for managing patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) in the era of monoclonal antibodies. METHODS A questionnaire developed by the Rhinology section of the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (Yo-IFOS) included items regarding the management of CRSwNP patients, monoclonal prescription, surgical and follow-up procedures, awareness of biologicals availability, and other relevant clinical practices. The online survey was directed to otolaryngologists and distributed in Europe, North America, South America, and the Middle East through otolaryngological and/or rhinological societies. RESULTS A total of 202 responses were analyzed; the mean participants' age was 45 ± 11 (73% men and 27% women), and 31% were from the United States, Canada 19%, Europe 45%, Middle East and South America 5%. Only 60% of the respondents declared using validated symptoms and endoscopic score systems in their clinical practice. Several practice discrepancies emerged in our cohort, including preferred surgical approach, prescription of preoperative oral steroids, and perioperative antibiotics (59% and 58%, respectively), as well as divergent awareness levels of available biologics for CRSwNP worldwide. CONCLUSIONS CRSwNP needs a complex and time-consuming assessment, according to the latest guidelines. There seems to be a gap between these recommendations and the real-world data, which should draw more attention to bringing them into uniform clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Maza-Solano
- Rhinology Unit, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Ameen Biadsee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Leigh J Sowerby
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Calvo-Hernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Tucciarone
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Jerez, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Taciano Rocha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Saibene
- Otolaryngology Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Research Institute, St. Sebastien, Spain
| | - Thomas Radulesco
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, IUSTI, CNRS, La Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Osama Metwaly
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Polyclinique de Poitiers, Elsan Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - Isam Alobid
- Rhinology and Skull Base Unit, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, CIPERES, Spain
| | - Luca Giovanni Locatello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Tolmezzo, Italy
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14
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Haxel B, Hummel T, Fruth K, Lorenz K, Gunder N, Nahrath P, Cuevas M. Real-world-effectiveness of biological treatment for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Rhinology 2022; 60:435-443. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin22.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: During the last two years, three different monoclonal antibodies have been approved in many countries for the treatment of patients suffering from severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Their efficacy has been demonstrated through large double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies. Until now, only very limited reports on real-world data regarding this therapy have been published. Methods: This per protocol analysis included patients with an indication for biological treatment because of uncontrolled CRSwNP, despite long-term nasal steroid treatment, systemic steroid use and/ or endonasal sinus surgery. Baseline data on demographics, medical history and comorbidities, polyp score, quality of life and sense of smell (using Sniffin´ Sticks) were assessed and a treatment with either dupilumab or omalizumab was started. The patients were followed up after three and six months. The changes in polyp score, quality-of-life measures and olfaction were noted. Results: 70 consecutive patients were evaluated during the study. Of the patients, 49 were treated with dupilumab and 21 with omalizumab. The polyp score decreased significantly after three and six months, and the quality-of-life parameters and olfaction increased. More than 90% of patients showed a moderate to excellent response to the therapy and there was no difference in the overall response between the two treatments. Olfaction improved in two thirds of the patients, but one third was still anosmic after six months treatment. Conclusions: This real-world study shows the effectiveness of the monoclonal antibodies dupilumab and omalizumab in the treatment of severe CRSwNP. Nasal polyp scores and quality-of-life parameters as well as measured olfactory function were improved after just three months. The response after guideline-based criteria was insufficient only in 5 patients of this cohort.
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15
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De Prado Gomez L, Khan AH, Peters AT, Bachert C, Wagenmann M, Heffler E, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Zhang M, Xing J, Rowe P, Jacob-Nara JA. Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab Versus Omalizumab in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps and Asthma: EVEREST Trial Design. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022; 36:788-795. [PMID: 35837739 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma are chronic type 2 inflammatory diseases that are frequently associated with each other. Dupilumab inhibits the dual signaling pathways of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which are key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation in CRSwNP. Omalizumab blocks the action of immunoglobulin E. Head-to-head studies are required to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions. EVEREST (EValuating trEatment RESponses of dupilumab vs omalizumab in Type 2 patients) trial is designed to evaluate whether the efficacy of dupilumab is superior to omalizumab in treating patients with CRSwNP and comorbid asthma (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT04998604). OBJECTIVE Here, we describe the EVEREST study design to compare the efficacy and safety of dupilumab compared to omalizumab over 24 weeks of treatment in patients with severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma. METHODS EVEREST is a global, phase 4 multicenter, randomized (1:1), double-blind, active-controlled trial. Approximately 422 adult patients with severe CRSwNP, symptoms of nasal congestion and loss of smell, and coexisting asthma will be recruited across 15 countries. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of dupilumab compared to omalizumab in reducing the nasal polyp size and improving the sense of smell. The key secondary objectives are to evaluate the comparative efficacy in improving CRSwNP symptoms (eg, nasal congestion) and lung function. The safety will be evaluated in terms of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and AEs of special interest. CONCLUSIONS EVEREST is the first head-to-head trial assessing the comparative efficacy and safety of 2 biologics in patients with severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma. The study will provide evidence to help optimize treatment plans for patients that suffer from severe CRSwNP and comorbid asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anju T Peters
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter W Hellings
- 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mei Zhang
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jun Xing
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul Rowe
- Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Biadsee A, Payne S, Sowerby LJ. Can we make biologic therapy more affordable? Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1087-1088. [PMID: 35666044 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameen Biadsee
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Spencer Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, UVA, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh J Sowerby
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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17
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Giri S, Schneider A, Tan B. Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Future Treatments and Unmet Needs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:287-290. [PMID: 35662656 PMCID: PMC9552525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Giri
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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18
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van der Lans RJL, Hopkins C, Senior BA, Lund VJ, Reitsma S. Biologicals and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Severe Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: An Economic Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1454-1461. [PMID: 35231626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and high disease burden, and the lack of a cure. The socioeconomic burden of the disease is substantial and has been disproportionally increasing over past decades. Treatment is aimed at attaining disease control. Traditionally, topical corticosteroids, endoscopic sinus surgery, and oral corticosteroids are used to treat CRSwNP. The advent of biologics has revolutionized CRSwNP treatment, but these drugs are expensive. From an economic standpoint, it is worth debating whether biologics should be employed in patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP who fail to attain disease control with current therapies. This clinical commentary review provides an overview of the socioeconomic burden of chronic rhinosinusitis and treatment modalities, compares endoscopic sinus surgery versus biologics for severe CRSwNP, discusses management recommendations, and highlights future needs in this field. New ways to reduce costs of biologic treatments need to be explored to attain cost-effectiveness and provide patients who have severe CRSwNP with adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik J L van der Lans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Hopkins
- ENT Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brent A Senior
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Valerie J Lund
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London and Honorary Consultant ENT Surgeon UCLH, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Personalized Management of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Clinical Practice: A Multidisciplinary Consensus Statement. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050846. [PMID: 35629268 PMCID: PMC9143504 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a sino-nasal chronic inflammatory disease, occurring in 5–15% of the general population. CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is present in up to 30% of the CRS population. One-third of CRSwNP patients suffer from disease that is uncontrolled by current standards of care. Biologics are an emerging treatment option for patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP, but their positioning in the treatment algorithm is under discussion. Effective endotyping of CRSwNP patients who could benefit from biologics treatment is required, as suggested by international guidelines. Other issues affecting management include comorbidities, such as allergy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug–exacerbated respiratory disease, and asthma. Therefore, the choice of treatment in CRSwNP patients depends on many factors. A multidisciplinary approach may improve CRSwNP management in patients with comorbidities, but currently there is no shared management model. We summarize the outcomes of a Delphi process involving a multidisciplinary panel of otolaryngologists, pulmonologists, and allergist-immunologists involved in the management of CRSwNP, who attempted to reach consensus on key statements relating to the diagnosis, endotyping, classification and management (including the place of biologics) of CRSwNP patients.
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20
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Dharmarajan H, Falade O, Lee SE, Wang EW. Outcomes of Dupilumab Treatment versus Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 12:986-995. [PMID: 34919344 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outside of the SINUS-24 and SINUS-52 trials, there is limited data on the efficacy of dupilumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The objective was to compare dupilumab to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in CRSwNP patients by assessing the change in nasal polyp and SNOT-22 scores post-intervention. METHODS A retrospective matched cohort study compared 54 CRSwNP patients treated with dupilumab to 54 CRSwNP patients who underwent FESS with both cohorts treated with topical corticosteroids. The primary endpoints were change in NPS and change in overall SNOT-22 score. Secondary endpoints were change in SNOT-22 domain scores and change in SNOT-22 olfaction score. RESULTS FESS patients had a greater improvement in NPS (5.18 ± 2.01) compared to dupilumab patients (4.27 ± 1.98, p=0.02). There was no significant difference in terms of the change in overall SNOT-22 score. Dupilumab patients had greater improvement in the extra-nasal rhinologic SNOT-22 domain scores (4.87 ± 3.91) compared to FESS patients (2.93 ± 4.32, p=0.02). There was a greater improvement in the SNOT-22 olfaction scores for dupilumab patients (2.35 ± 2.17) compared to FESS patients (1.48 ± 2.24, p=0.04). Dupilumab patients were followed on average for 12.20 months and FESS patients for 17.90 months. CONCLUSIONS Overall, both therapies are effective at reducing symptoms in patients with CRSwNP by SNOT-22. Dupilumab patients reported improved olfaction and decreased cough, post-nasal drainage, and thick nasal drainage as compared to FESS patients while FESS patients had a greater reduction in polyp burden. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Dharmarajan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Oluleke Falade
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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21
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De Corso E, Bellocchi G, De Benedetto M, Lombardo N, Macchi A, Malvezzi L, Motta G, Pagella F, Vicini C, Passali D. Biologics for severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a change management approach. Consensus of the Joint Committee of Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology on biologics in rhinology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 42:1-16. [PMID: 34297014 PMCID: PMC9058929 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory condition of nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses, predominantly mediated by type 2 inflammation and often associated with comorbid asthma and/or Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (N-ERD). The standard of care involves local and systemic corticosteroids and/or sinonasal surgery, although these options may be associated with recurrences and patients may require revision surgery. Difficult-to-treat patients, in fact, have a more severe disease requiring high systemic corticosteroid use and/or multiple sinonasal surgeries. Literature data suggests that biologic agents targeting specific key effectors of type 2 inflammation may offer supplemental therapy for patients with severe and uncontrolled CRSwNP, leading to significant improvement in several outcomes. For these reasons, over the years the endotyping of the disease has become increasingly important. Herein, we provide not only an update on the existing studies about the most promising biologics in CRSwNP, but also critical discussion on controversies about the use of biologics in severe uncontrolled CRSwNP. We finally provide consensus on strategic issues gathered among experts of the Joint Committee of Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology on biologics in order to offer the best care for difficult to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio De Corso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Head and Neck Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Lombardo
- ENT Unit Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alberto Macchi
- ENT University of Insubria, Varese, ASST Settelaghi, Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Motta
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagella
- ENT Department, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo- University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Vicini
- Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
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22
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Roland LT, Levy JM. Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs for Biologic Therapy in Rhinology Practice. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 54:709-716. [PMID: 34116848 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biologic agents are emerging for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients with recalcitrant disease. Although early work has shown promise, and several trials are ongoing, there is significant work to be done in this field. CRS patients form a heterogeneous group, and identification of appropriate patients for the use of biologic agents is critical. The determination of endotype-specific biomarkers will help define patient selection and predict treatment response. As more biologic agents become approved, head-to-head trials will be needed to compare them with similar products. Ultimately, cost-effectiveness analyses and further quality of life studies will guide treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Roland
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 2233 Post Street, Box 1225, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory Sinus, Nasal and Allergy Center, 550 Peachtree Street NE, MOT Building, Suite 1135, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
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23
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Schneider AL, Schleimer RP, Tan BK. Targetable pathogenic mechanisms in nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1220-1234. [PMID: 33660425 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) represents a challenging disease entity with significant rates of recurrence following appropriate medical and surgical therapy. Recent approval of targeted biologics in CRSwNP compels deeper understanding of underlying disease pathophysiology. Both of the approved biologics for CRSwNP modulate the type 2 inflammatory pathway, and the majority of drugs in the clinical trials pathway are similarly targeted. However, there remain multiple other pathogenic mechanisms relevant to CRSwNP for which targeted therapeutics already exist in other inflammatory diseases that have not been studied directly. In this article we summarize pathogenic mechanisms of interest in CRSwNP and discuss the results of ongoing clinical studies of targeted therapeutics in CRSwNP and other related human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Smith TL, Schlosser RJ, Soler ZM, Mace JC, Mattos JL, Ramakrishnan VR, Beswick DM, Alt JA, Mulligan JK. Olfactory cleft mucus inflammatory proteins in CRS: a case-control study. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1321-1335. [PMID: 33629532 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple hypotheses are evolving that suggest several, potentially overlapping etiologies for olfactory dysfunction (OD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding inflammatory cytokine profiles of the olfactory cleft (OC) and their association with olfactory function is foundational for future clinical care and research. METHODS This cross-sectional, case-control study evaluates associations among OC mucus inflammatory proteins, psychophysical olfactory testing, and computed tomography (CT) analysis of the OC and sinuses. Normative reference intervals were determined for each protein and odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare proportions of altered expression between CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). RESULTS Case subjects with CRS (n = 151) and controls (n = 74) were evaluated. A majority of OC proteins tested were found within detectable ranges for cases and controls. The CRS cohort had significantly higher concentrations for 23 of 26 proteins. CRS cases with abnormal levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, interleukin 5 (IL5), IL10, and IL13 associated with greater olfactory deficits. The prevalence of elevated IL5 and IL13 in anosmic patients was 64.6% and 62.5%, respectively (p < 0.004). CRS cases with the highest odds of elevated expression in CRSwNP were IL5 (OR = 10.83) and IL13 (OR = 8.36). However, both IL5 and IL13 were still elevated in approximately 14% of CRSsNP patients. The highest magnitude of correlation between the total percent of OC opacification was found to be with IL5 (r = 0.543; p < 0.001), whereas other moderate correlations were noted with immunoglobulin E (IgE), IL10, and IL13. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that OC inflammatory proteins vary both by disease phenotype and in their association with OD. Type 2 inflammatory mediators are increased in CRS, especially within the CRSwNP group. However, a substantial proportion of CRSsNP also express type 2 inflammatory mediators. Further research is necessary to understand the complex roles OC mucous inflammatory proteins might play in defining endotype and in impacting CRS-related OD. ©2021 ARSAAOA, LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jess C Mace
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jose L Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel M Beswick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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25
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Soler ZM, Schlosser RJ, Bodner TE, Alt JA, Ramakrishnan VR, Mattos JL, Mulligan JK, Mace JC, Smith TL. Endotyping chronic rhinosinusitis based on olfactory cleft mucus biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1732-1741.e1. [PMID: 33549569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is considered the most treatable form of olfactory dysfunction, there has been relatively little clinical attention focused on assessing endotypes as they pertain to olfactory loss. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to explore inflammatory endotypes in CRS using an unsupervised cluster analysis of olfactory cleft (OC) biomarkers in a phenotype-free approach. METHODS Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited and psychophysical olfactory testing, Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD-NS), and bilateral OC endoscopy were obtained. Mucus was collected from the OC and evaluated for 26 biomarkers using principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was performed using only OC biomarkers and differences in olfactory measures were compared across clusters. RESULTS A total of 198 subjects (128 with CRS and 70 controls) were evaluated. Evaluation of OC biomarkers indicated 6 principal components, explaining 69.50% of the variance, with type 2, mixed type 1/Th17-cell, growth factor, and neutrophil chemoattractant inflammatory signatures. A total of 10 clusters were identified that differed significantly in frequency of controls, and subjects with CRS with nasal polyps, and subjects with CRS without nasal polyps across the clusters (likelihood ratio test, χ182=178.64; P < .001). Olfactory measures differed significantly across clusters, including olfactory testing, QOD-NS, and OC endoscopy (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Clustering based solely on OC biomarkers can organize patients into clinically meaningful endotypes that discriminate between subjects with CRS and controls. Validation studies are necessary to confirm these findings and further refine olfactory endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Soler
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Department of Surgery, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Todd E Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Ore
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Jose L Mattos
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Jennifer K Mulligan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Jess C Mace
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Division of Rhinology and Sinus/Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore.
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26
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Levy JM, Kuruvilla M. In reply: Aspirin desensitization for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in the era of biologics: Clinical perspective. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:824-825. [PMID: 33063465 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Merin Kuruvilla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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27
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Patel GB, Peters AT. The Role of Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020; 100:44-47. [PMID: 33035132 PMCID: PMC7980424 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320964653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic therapy is a new treatment option for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Currently, the only biologic with Food and Drug Administration-approval status for CRSwNP is dupilumab. Several other biologics are likely to be approved for CRSwNP, including mepolizumab and omalizumab, based on their promising phase 3 trial results. The role of biologics in the treatment paradigm requires consideration of multiple factors that have yet to be clearly established. This includes identifying patients most appropriate for biologic therapy while considering long-term safety and cost-effectiveness in the context of patient preferences and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri B Patel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 12244Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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