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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. The 'α-synucleinopathy syndicate': multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:585-595. [PMID: 37227594 PMCID: PMC11192696 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are elite members of the α-synucleinopathy organization. Aberrant accumulations of the protein α-synuclein characterize them. A plethora of evidence indicates the involvement of these rogue inclusions in a cascade of events that disturb cellular homeostasis resulting in neuronal dysfunction. These two neurodegenerative diseases share many features both clinically and pathologically. Cytotoxic processes commonly induced by reactive free radical species have been associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, frequently reported in both diseases. However, it appears they have characteristic and distinct α-synuclein inclusions. It is glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the case of MSA while Lewy bodies manifest in PD. This is probably related to the etiology of the illness. At present, precise mechanism(s) underlying the characteristic configuration of neurodegeneration are unclear. Furthermore, the "prion-like" transmission from cell to cell prompts the suggestion that perhaps these α-synucleinopathies are prion-like diseases. The possibility of some underlying genetic foul play remains controversial. But as major culprits of pathological processes or even single triggers of PD and MSA are the same-like oxidative stress, iron-induced pathology, mitochondriopathy, loss of respiratory activity, loss of proteasomal function, microglial activation, neuroinflammation-it is not farfetched to assume that in sporadic PD and also in MSA a variety of combinations of susceptibility genes contribute to the regional specificity of pathological onset. These players of pathology, as mentioned above, in a synergistic combination, are responsible for driving the progression of PD, MSA and other neurodegenerative disorders. Elucidating the triggers and progression factors is vital for advocating disease modification or halting its progression in both, MSA and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
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Ishimoto T, Oono M, Kaji S, Ayaki T, Nishida K, Funakawa I, Maki T, Matsuzawa SI, Takahashi R, Yamakado H. A novel mouse model for investigating α-synuclein aggregates in oligodendrocytes: implications for the glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. Mol Brain 2024; 17:28. [PMID: 38790036 PMCID: PMC11127389 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aggregated alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) is one of the pathological hallmarks in multiple system atrophy (MSA). We have previously reported that αsyn accumulates not only in neurons but also in OLGs long after the administration of αsyn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in mice. However, detailed spatial and temporal analysis of oligodendroglial αsyn aggregates was technically difficult due to the background neuronal αsyn aggregates. The aim of this study is to create a novel mouse that easily enables sensitive and specific detection of αsyn aggregates in OLGs and the comparable analysis of the cellular tropism of αsyn aggregates in MSA brains. To this end, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human αsyn-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in OLGs under the control of the 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter (CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice). Injection of αsyn PFFs in these mice induced distinct GFP-positive aggregates in the processes of OLGs as early as one month post-inoculation (mpi), and their number and size increased in a centripetal manner. Moreover, MSA-brain homogenates (BH) induced significantly more oligodendroglial αsyn aggregates than neuronal αsyn aggregates compared to DLB-BH in CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice, suggestive of their potential tropism of αsyn seeds for OLGs. In conclusion, CNP-SNCAGFP Tg mice are useful for studying the development and tropism of αsyn aggregates in OLGs and could contribute to the development of therapeutics targeting αsyn aggregates in OLGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ishimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Oono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nishida
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hyogo-Chuo National Hospital, 1314 Ohara, Sanda, 669-1592, Japan
| | - Itaru Funakawa
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hyogo-Chuo National Hospital, 1314 Ohara, Sanda, 669-1592, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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3
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Chia R, Ray A, Shah Z, Ding J, Ruffo P, Fujita M, Menon V, Saez-Atienzar S, Reho P, Kaivola K, Walton RL, Reynolds RH, Karra R, Sait S, Akcimen F, Diez-Fairen M, Alvarez I, Fanciulli A, Stefanova N, Seppi K, Duerr S, Leys F, Krismer F, Sidoroff V, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Rascol O, Foubert-Samier A, Meissner WG, Tison F, Pavy-Le Traon A, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Russillo MC, Marín-Lahoz J, Kulisevsky J, Torres S, Mir P, Periñán MT, Proukakis C, Chelban V, Wu L, Goh YY, Parkkinen L, Hu MT, Kobylecki C, Saxon JA, Rollinson S, Garland E, Biaggioni I, Litvan I, Rubio I, Alcalay RN, Kwei KT, Lubbe SJ, Mao Q, Flanagan ME, Castellani RJ, Khurana V, Ndayisaba A, Calvo A, Mora G, Canosa A, Floris G, Bohannan RC, Moore A, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, Kaufmann H, Kim C, Iba M, Masliah E, Dawson TM, Rosenthal LS, Pantelyat A, Albert MS, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Infante J, Lage C, Sánchez-Juan P, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Pastor P, Morris HR, Albani D, Clarimon J, Wenning GK, Hardy JA, Ryten M, Topol E, Torkamani A, Chiò A, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Low PA, Singer W, Cheshire WP, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Traynor BJ, Gibbs JR, Dalgard CL, Ross OA, Houlden H, Scholz SW. Genome sequence analyses identify novel risk loci for multiple system atrophy. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00240-X. [PMID: 38701790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset, sporadic synucleinopathy characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and dysautonomia. The genetic architecture of MSA is poorly understood, and treatments are limited to supportive measures. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of whole genome sequence data from 888 European-ancestry MSA cases and 7,128 controls to systematically investigate the genetic underpinnings of this understudied neurodegenerative disease. We identified four significantly associated risk loci using a genome-wide association study approach. Transcriptome-wide association analyses prioritized USP38-DT, KCTD7, and lnc-KCTD7-2 as novel susceptibility genes for MSA within these loci, and single-nucleus RNA sequence analysis found that the associated variants acted as cis-expression quantitative trait loci for multiple genes across neuronal and glial cell types. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of genetic determinants in the pathogenesis of MSA, and the publicly available data from this study represent a valuable resource for investigating synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anindita Ray
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zalak Shah
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paola Ruffo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Reho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karri Kaivola
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald L Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Regina H Reynolds
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ramita Karra
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shaimaa Sait
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fulya Akcimen
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory and Movement Disorders Units, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Duerr
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Leys
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victoria Sidoroff
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring - Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Rascol
- MSA French Reference Center and CIC-1436, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Foubert-Samier
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, and the New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - François Tison
- Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, French Reference Center for MSA, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Pavy-Le Traon
- French Reference Center for MSA, Department of Neurosciences, Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Toulouse CIC1436, UMR 1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Russillo
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soraya Torres
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Centro de Investigación en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Periñán
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Viorica Chelban
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Lesley Wu
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yee Y Goh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer A Saxon
- Cerebral Function Unit, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salfort, UK; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emily Garland
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Italo Biaggioni
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ileana Rubio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kimberly T Kwei
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rudolph J Castellani
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alain Ndayisaba
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Calvo
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Floris
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ryan C Bohannan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anni Moore
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jose-Alberto Palma
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyoun Kim
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michiyo Iba
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Molecular Neuropathology Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL-UC-CIBERNED, Santander, Spain; Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Genomics and Transcriptomics of Synucleinopathies, Neurosciences, The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; The Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Autonomic Unit - Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute of UCL, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mina Ryten
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Topol
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Scripps Research Translational Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriano Chiò
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, Therapeutics Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Gauer C, Battis K, Schneider Y, Florio JB, Mante M, Kim HY, Rissman RA, Hoffmann A, Winkler J. CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell depletion shifts the ratio of motor cortical excitatory to inhibitory neurons in a multiple system atrophy model. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114706. [PMID: 38311020 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Motor cortical circuit functions depend on the coordinated fine-tuning of two functionally diverse neuronal populations: glutamatergic pyramidal neurons providing synaptic excitation and GABAergic interneurons adjusting the response of pyramidal neurons through synaptic inhibition. Microglia are brain resident macrophages which dynamically refine cortical circuits by monitoring perineuronal extracellular matrix and remodelling synapses. Previously, we showed that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-mediated myeloid cell depletion extended the lifespan, but impaired motor functions of MBP29 mice, a mouse model for multiple system atrophy. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these motor deficits we characterized the microglial involvement in the cortical balance of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in 4-months-old MBP29 mice following CSF1R inhibition for 12 weeks. Lack of myeloid cells resulted in a decreased number of COUP TF1 interacting protein 2-positive (CTIP2+) layer V pyramidal neurons, however in a proportional increase of calretinin-positive GABAergic interneurons in MBP29 mice. While myeloid cell depletion did not alter the expression of important presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, the loss of cortical perineuronal net area was attenuated by CSF1R inhibition in MBP29 mice. These cortical changes may restrict synaptic plasticity and potentially modify parvalbumin-positive perisomatic input. Collectively, this study suggests, that the lack of myeloid cells shifts the neuronal balance toward an increased inhibitory connectivity in the motor cortex of MBP29 mice thereby potentially deteriorating motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gauer
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Battis
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J B Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - M Mante
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Geertsma HM, Fisk ZA, Sauline L, Prigent A, Kurgat K, Callaghan SM, Henderson MX, Rousseaux MWC. A topographical atlas of α-synuclein dosage and cell type-specific expression in adult mouse brain and peripheral organs. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:65. [PMID: 38504090 PMCID: PMC10951202 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and presents pathologically with Lewy pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Lewy pathology contains aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn), a protein encoded by the SNCA gene which is also mutated or duplicated in a subset of familial PD cases. Due to its predominant presynaptic localization, immunostaining for the protein results in a diffuse reactivity pattern, providing little insight into the types of cells expressing αSyn. As a result, insight into αSyn expression-driven cellular vulnerability has been difficult to ascertain. Using a combination of knock-in mice that target αSyn to the nucleus (SncaNLS) and in situ hybridization of Snca in wild-type mice, we systematically mapped the topography and cell types expressing αSyn in the mouse brain, spinal cord, retina, and gut. We find a high degree of correlation between αSyn protein and RNA levels and further identify cell types with low and high αSyn content. We also find high αSyn expression in neurons, particularly those involved in PD, and to a lower extent in non-neuronal cell types, notably those of oligodendrocyte lineage, which are relevant to multiple system atrophy pathogenesis. Surprisingly, we also found that αSyn is relatively absent from select neuron types, e.g., ChAT-positive motor neurons, whereas enteric neurons universally express some degree of αSyn. Together, this integrated atlas provides insight into the cellular topography of αSyn, and provides a quantitative map to test hypotheses about the role of αSyn in network vulnerability, and thus serves investigations into PD pathogenesis and other α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Geertsma
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Zoe A Fisk
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lillian Sauline
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Alice Prigent
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kevin Kurgat
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Steve M Callaghan
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Michael X Henderson
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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6
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Wakabayashi K, Miki Y, Tanji K, Mori F. Neuropathology of Multiple System Atrophy, a Glioneuronal Degenerative Disease. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:2-12. [PMID: 35474048 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal disease characterized pathologically by the widespread occurrence of aggregated α-synuclein in the oligodendrocytes referred to as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). α-Synuclein aggregates are also found in the oligodendroglial nuclei and neuronal cytoplasm and nuclei. It is uncertain whether the primary source of α-synuclein in GCIs is originated from neurons or oligodendrocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that there are two degenerative processes in this disease. One possibility is that numerous GCIs are associated with the impairment of oligo-myelin-axon-neuron complex, and the other is that neuronal inclusion pathology is also a primary event from the early stage. Both oligodendrocytes and neurons may be primarily affected in MSA, and the damage of one cell type contributes to the degeneration of the other. Vesicle-mediated transport plays a key role in the nuclear translocation of α-synuclein as well as in the formation of glial and neuronal α-synuclein inclusions. Recent studies have shown that impairment of autophagy can occur along with or as a result of α-synuclein accumulation in the brain of MSA and Lewy body disease. Activated autophagy may be implicated in the therapeutic approach for α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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7
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Cheng A, Jia W, Finkelstein DI, Stefanova N, Wang H, Sasaki T, Kawahata I, Fukunaga K. Pharmacological inhibition of FABP7 by MF 6 counteracts cerebellum dysfunction in an experimental multiple system atrophy mouse model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:66-75. [PMID: 37605049 PMCID: PMC10770047 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) in glial cells, leading to the formation of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI). We previous found that glial fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) played a crucial role in alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation and toxicity in oligodendrocytes, inhibition of FABP7 by a specific inhibitor MF 6 reduced αSyn aggregation and enhanced cell viability in cultured cell lines and mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In this study we investigated whether MF 6 ameliorated αSyn-associated pathological processes in PLP-hαSyn transgenic mice (PLP-αSyn mice), a wildly used MSA mouse model with overexpressing αSyn in oligodendroglia under the proteolipid protein (PLP) promoter. PLP-αSyn mice were orally administered MF6 (0.1, 1 mg ·kg-1 ·d-1) for 32 days starting from the age of 6 months. We showed that oral administration of MF 6 significantly improved motor function assessed in a pole test, and reduced αSyn aggregation levels in both cerebellum and basal ganglia of PLP-αSyn mice. Moreover, MF 6 administration decreased oxidative stress and inflammation levels, and improved myelin levels and Purkinje neuron morphology in the cerebellum. By using mouse brain tissue slices and αSyn aggregates-treated KG-1C cells, we demonstrated that MF 6 reduced αSyn propagation to Purkinje neurons and oligodendrocytes through regulating endocytosis. Overall, these results suggest that MF 6 improves cerebellar functions in MSA by inhibiting αSyn aggregation and propagation. We conclude that MF 6 is a promising compound that warrants further development for the treatment of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Wenbin Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haoyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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8
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Katunina EA, Shipilova NN, Farnieva IA, Isaeva ZS, Dzugaeva FK, Belikova LP, Batsoeva DO. [Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy - exclusion criteria or an integral part of the clinical picture?]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:86-91. [PMID: 38696156 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412404286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a severe, orphan disease characterized by a steady increase in symptoms of parkinsonism, cerebellar disorders, and autonomic failure. In addition to autonomic failure, which is considered the defining symptom of this type of atypical parkinsonism, there are a range of other non-motor clinical manifestations, such as sleep disorders, pain syndrome, anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive impairment (CI). CI, especially severe CI, has long been considered as a distinctive feature of MCA. Recently, there have been many clinical studies with pathomorphological or neuroimaging confirmation, indicating a high prevalence of cognitive disorders in MCA. In this article, we discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of MCA and CI in MCA, as well as the range of clinical manifestations of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Katunina
- Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russi, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Shipilova
- Federal center of brain research and neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russi, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Farnieva
- North Caucasian Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Beslan, Russia
| | - Z S Isaeva
- Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - F K Dzugaeva
- North Caucasian Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Beslan, Russia
| | - L P Belikova
- Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - D O Batsoeva
- North Caucasian Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Beslan, Russia
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9
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Andersen AM, Kaalund SS, Marner L, Salvesen L, Pakkenberg B, Olesen MV. Quantitative cellular changes in multiple system atrophy brains. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12941. [PMID: 37812040 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a combined symptomatology of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure and corticospinal dysfunction. In brains of MSA patients, the hallmark lesion is the aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein in oligodendrocytes. Even though the underlying pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood, the evidence suggests that alpha-synuclein aggregation in oligodendrocytes may contribute to the neurodegeneration seen in MSA. The primary aim of this review is to summarise the published stereological data on the total number of neurons and glial cell subtypes (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia) and volumes in brains from MSA patients. Thus, we include in this review exclusively the reports of unbiased quantitative data from brain regions including the neocortex, nuclei of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. Furthermore, we compare and discuss the stereological results in the context of imaging findings and MSA symptomatology. In general, the stereological results agree with the common neuropathological findings of neurodegeneration and gliosis in brains from MSA patients and support a major loss of nigrostriatal neurons in MSA patients with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P), as well as olivopontocerebellar atrophy in MSA patients with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C). Surprisingly, the reports indicate only a minor loss of oligodendrocytes in sub-cortical regions of the cerebrum (glial cells not studied in the cerebellum) and negligible changes in brain volumes. In the past decades, the use of stereological methods has provided a vast amount of accurate information on cell numbers and volumes in the brains of MSA patients. Combining different techniques such as stereology and diagnostic imaging (e.g. MRI, PET and SPECT) with clinical data allows for a more detailed interdisciplinary understanding of the disease and illuminates the relationship between neuropathological changes and MSA symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberte M Andersen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne S Kaalund
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Marner
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisette Salvesen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel V Olesen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Cheng A, Cai B, Fukunaga K, Sasaki T, Lakkaraju A. Feasibility and considerations of epsin2 as a candidate target for multiple system atrophy treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1031-1034. [PMID: 37902421 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2277227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- An Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of chemistry, Purdue university, West Lafayett, IN, USA
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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He J, Chen Y, Dai S, Chen F, Wang Y, Shi T, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen J, Xie P. First insights into region-specific lipidome alterations of prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice exposed chronically to microcystins. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:108018. [PMID: 37329758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs), a group of most widespread freshwater cyanotoxins that possess strong neurotoxicity, can adversely affect brain structures and functions and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the essential role of lipids in brain structures and functions, the brain lipidome profile of mammals exposed to MCs remains unexplored, hindering a clear understanding of the neurotoxic effects of MCs and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed untargeted lipidomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice orally exposed to 30 and 300 μg/kg body mass/day of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 180 days to evaluate the impacts of MC-LR on the brain lipidome profile and functions. Our results show that MC-LR resulted in a decline in cognitive parameters, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Interestingly, apparent neurodegenerative changes were observed in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Comprehensive lipidomic analyses uncovered profound, region-specific changes in the phospholipid and sphingolipid profile at the levels of lipid subclasses, lipid species, and fatty acyl composition. These changes showed overall decrease trends of lipid content in the prefrontal cortex yet increasing trends in the hippocampus. We identified distinct transcriptional regulations of lipid metabolism and apoptosis by MC-LR in the two regions, which appeared to underlie the neurodegenerative changes. Collectively, this study uncovers region-specific changes in the brain lipidome profile and functions induced by MCs, shedding light on the role of lipid dysfunction in neurotoxicity mechanism of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiming Dai
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yeke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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12
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Lopez-Cuina M, Guérin P, Dutheil N, Martin C, Lasserre TL, Fernagut PO, Meissner WG, Bezard E. GRK2-Targeted Knockdown as Therapy for Multiple System Atrophy. Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37093618 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic adult-onset rare neurodegenerative synucleinopathy for which counteracting central nervous system insulin resistance bears the potential of being neuroprotective. G-protein-(heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein)-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is emerging as a physiologically relevant inhibitor of insulin signaling. OBJECTIVES We tested whether lowering brain GRK2 abundance may reverse insulin-resistance. METHODS We lowered brain GRK2 abundance through viral-mediated delivery of a GRK2-specific miRNA and quantified the reversion of a developing or an established insulin-resistant phenotype using the transgenic PLP-SYN mouse model of MSA. RESULTS Viral vector delivery of a GRK2 miRNA demonstrated a neuroprotective capacity when administered (1) in utero intracerebroventricularly in developing PLP-SYN mice and (2) intrastriatally in adult PLP-SYN mice. Decreased striatal GRK2 levels correlated in both designs with neuroprotection of the substantia nigra dopamine neurons, reduction in high-molecular-weight species of α-synuclein, and reduced insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These data support GRK2 as a potential therapeutic target in MSA. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lopez-Cuina
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paul Guérin
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Dutheil
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Martin
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, INSERM UMR_S 1084, Poitiers, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurodégénératives, IMNc, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, and New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
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13
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Stefanova N, Wenning GK. Multiple system atrophy: at the crossroads of cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:334-346. [PMID: 37085728 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare oligodendroglial α-synucleinopathy characterized by neurodegeneration in striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar regions and autonomic brain centres. It causes complex cumulative motor and non-motor disability with fast progression and effective therapy is currently lacking. The difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of MSA are largely related to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. The MSA pathogenic landscape is complex, and converging findings from genetic and neuropathological studies as well as studies in experimental models of MSA have indicated the involvement of genetic and epigenetic changes; α-synuclein misfolding, aggregation and spreading; and α-synuclein strain specificity. These studies also indicate the involvement of myelin and iron dyshomeostasis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and other cell-specific aspects that are relevant to the fast progression of MSA. In this Review, we discuss these findings and emphasize the implications of the complexity of the multifactorial pathogenic cascade for future translational research and its impact on biomarker discovery and treatment target definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Lin DS, Huang YW, Lee TH, Chang L, Huang ZD, Wu TY, Wang TJ, Ho CS. Rapamycin Alleviates Protein Aggregates, Reduces Neuroinflammation, and Rescues Demyelination in Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070993. [PMID: 37048066 PMCID: PMC10093124 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown in vivo and in vitro previously that psychosine causes dysfunction of autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system underlying the pathogenesis of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), a devastating lysosomal storage disease complicated by global demyelination. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in twitcher mice, a murine model of infantile GLD, in biochemical, histochemical, and clinical aspects. Administration of rapamycin to twitcher mice inhibited mTOR signaling in the brains, and significantly reduced the accumulation of insoluble ubiquitinated protein and the formation of ubiquitin aggregates. The astrocytes and microglia reactivity were attenuated in that reactive astrocytes, ameboid microglia, and globoid cells were reduced in the brains of rapamycin-treated twitcher mice. Furthermore, rapamycin improved the cortical myelination, neurite density, and rescued the network complexity in the cortex of twitcher mice. The therapeutic action of rapamycin on the pathology of the twitcher mice's brains prolonged the longevity of treated twitcher mice. Overall, these findings validate the therapeutic efficacy of rapamycin and highlight enhancing degradation of aggregates as a therapeutic strategy to modulate neuroinflammation, demyelination, and disease progression of GLD and other leukodystrophies associated with intracellular aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
| | - Zon-Darr Huang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yen Wu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Jen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Che-Sheng Ho
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
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15
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Klockgether T. [Gene Therapy for Ataxias]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 91:147-152. [PMID: 36806180 DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Ataxias are progressive diseases that are usually the result of cerebellar degeneration. Ataxias are divided into genetic, sporadic degenerative and acquired (secondary) forms. While there are established therapies for acquired (secondary) ataxias, genetic and sporadic degenerative ataxias are currently not medically treatable. For these ataxias, the development of somatic gene therapies is a promising avenue. The goals of gene therapies for genetic ataxias are to inactivate deleterious genes by gene silencing or to replace or correct a non-functional gene. Another option, which may also be considered for sporadic degenerative ataxias, are therapies that involve transferring new or modified genes. Gene therapies are being actively developed for the more common ataxias, such as Friedreich's ataxia, certain spinocerebellar ataxias, and multiple system atrphy, and initial phase I trials are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klockgether
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn und Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn
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16
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Retinal Structure Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020218. [PMID: 36830588 PMCID: PMC9952897 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated retinal structure changes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and controls, and explored the value of this method in differential diagnosis. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and macular thickness and volume. PSP patients showed higher temporal pRNFL thickness than PD and MSA patients. Peripapillary RNFL thickness could be used for discriminating PSP from MSA and PD. PD and MSA patients showed retinal thinning in the foveal center circle and nasal inner sectors compared to controls. Macular thickness and volume could be used for discriminating MSA from PD. There were negative correlations between disease duration and OCT parameters in PD, MSA, and PSP, independent of age, sex ratio, and the side of the eye. PD and atypical parkinsonism correlate with specific patterns of retina alterations. OCT could be a biomarker for differential diagnosis and progression evaluation of parkinsonian syndrome.
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17
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Torre-Muruzabal T, Van der Perren A, Coens A, Gelders G, Janer AB, Camacho-Garcia S, Klingstedt T, Nilsson P, Stefanova N, Melki R, Baekelandt V, Peelaerts W. Host oligodendrogliopathy and α-synuclein strains dictate disease severity in multiple system atrophy. Brain 2023; 146:237-251. [PMID: 35170728 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with prominent autonomic and motor features. During early stages, different subtypes of the disease are distinguished by their predominant parkinsonian or cerebellar symptoms, reflecting its heterogeneous nature. The pathognomonic feature of multiple system atrophy is the presence of α-synuclein (αSyn) protein deposits in oligodendroglial cells. αSyn can assemble in specific cellular or disease environments and form αSyn strains with unique structural features, but the ability of αSyn strains to propagate in oligodendrocytes remains elusive. Recently, it was shown that αSyn strains with related conformations exist in the brains of patients. Here, we investigated whether different αSyn strains can influence multiple system atrophy progression in a strain-dependent manner. To this aim, we injected two recombinant αSyn strains (fibrils and ribbons) in multiple system atrophy transgenic mice and found that they determined disease severity in multiple system atrophy via host-restricted and cell-specific pathology in vivo. αSyn strains significantly impact disease progression in a strain-dependent way via oligodendroglial, neurotoxic and immune-related mechanisms. Neurodegeneration and brain atrophy were accompanied by unique microglial and astroglial responses and the recruitment of central and peripheral immune cells. The differential activation of microglial cells correlated with the structural features of αSyn strains both in vitro and in vivo. Spectral analysis showed that ribbons propagated oligodendroglial inclusions that were structurally distinct from those of fibrils, with resemblance to oligodendroglial inclusions, in the brains of patients with multiple system atrophy. This study, therefore, shows that the multiple system atrophy phenotype is governed by both the nature of the αSyn strain and the host environment and that by injecting αSyn strains into an animal model of the disease, a more comprehensive phenotype can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Torre-Muruzabal
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Van der Perren
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Audrey Coens
- Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Géraldine Gelders
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Barber Janer
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Camacho-Garcia
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Peelaerts
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Stefanova N. A Mouse Model of Multiple System Atrophy: Bench to Bedside. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:117-126. [PMID: 35995919 PMCID: PMC10119356 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with unclear etiology, currently difficult and delayed diagnosis, and rapid progression, leading to disability and lethality within 6 to 9 years after symptom onset. The neuropathology of MSA classifies the disease in the group of a-synucleinopathies together with Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body disorders, but features specific oligodendroglial inclusions, which are pathognomonic for MSA. MSA has no efficient therapy to date. Development of experimental models is crucial to elucidate the disease mechanisms in progression and to provide a tool for preclinical screening of putative therapies for MSA. In vitro and in vivo models, based on selective neurotoxicity, a-synuclein oligodendroglial overexpression, and strain-specific propagation of a-synuclein fibrils, have been developed, reflecting various facets of MSA pathology. Over the years, the continuous exchange from bench to bedside and backward has been crucial for the advancing of MSA modelling, elucidating MSA pathogenic pathways, and understanding the existing translational gap to successful clinical trials in MSA. The review discusses specifically advantages and limitations of the PLP-a-syn mouse model of MSA, which recapitulates motor and non-motor features of the human disease with underlying striatonigral degeneration, degeneration of autonomic centers, and sensitized olivopontocerebellar system, strikingly mirroring human MSA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Hametner S, Silvaieh S, Thurnher M, Dal-Bianco A, Cetin H, Ponleitner M, Zebenholzer K, Pemp B, Trattnig S, Rössler K, Berger T, Lassmann H, Hainfellner JA, Bsteh G. A case of primary optic pathway demyelination caused by oncocytic oligodendrogliopathy of unknown origin. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:160. [DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report the case of a 22-year-old woman presenting with an acute onset of dizziness, gait dysbalance and blurred vision. Magnetic resonance imaging included 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla imaging and revealed a T2-hyperintense, T1-hypointense, non-contrast-enhancing lesion strictly confined to the white matter affecting the right optic radiation. An extensive ophthalmologic examination yielded mild quadrantanopia but no signs of optic neuropathy. The lesion was biopsied. The neuropathological evaluation revealed a demyelinating lesion with marked tissue vacuolization and granular myelin disintegration accompanied by mild T cell infiltration and a notable absence of myelin uptake by macrophages. Oligodendrocytes were strikingly enlarged, displaying oncocytic characteristics and showed cytoplasmic accumulation of mitochondria, which had mildly abnormal morphology on electron microscopy. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was excluded. Harding's disease, a variant of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, was then suspected. However, neither PCR for relevant mutations nor whole exome sequencing yielded known pathogenetic mutations in the patient's genome. We present a pattern of demyelinating tissue injury of unknown etiology with an oncocytic change of oligodendrocytes and a lack of adequate phagocytic response by macrophages, which to the best of our knowledge, has not been described before.
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20
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A Novel C-Type Lectin Receptor-Targeted α-Synuclein-Based Parkinson Vaccine Induces Potent Immune Responses and Therapeutic Efficacy in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091432. [PMID: 36146508 PMCID: PMC9506002 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is widely considered to be causal for the debilitating clinical manifestations of synucleinopathies including, most notably, Parkinson’s disease (PD). Immunotherapies, both active and passive, against α-syn have been developed and are promising novel treatment strategies for such disorders. To increase the potency and specificity of PD vaccination, we created the ‘Win the Skin Immune System Trick’ (WISIT) vaccine platform designed to target skin-resident dendritic cells, inducing superior B and T cell responses. Of the six tested WISIT candidates, all elicited higher immune responses compared to conventional, aluminum adjuvanted peptide-carrier conjugate PD vaccines, in BALB/c mice. WISIT-induced antibodies displayed higher selectivity for α-syn aggregates than those induced by conventional vaccines. Additionally, antibodies induced by two selected candidates were shown to inhibit α-syn aggregation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. To determine if α-syn fibril formation could also be inhibited in vivo, WISIT candidate type 1 (CW-type 1) was tested in an established synucleinopathy seeding model and demonstrated reduced propagation of synucleinopathy in vivo. Our studies provide proof-of-concept for the efficacy of the WISIT vaccine technology platform and support further preclinical and clinical development of this vaccine candidate.
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21
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Advanced brain aging in multiple system atrophy compared to Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102997. [PMID: 35397330 PMCID: PMC8987993 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MSA, but not PD, exhibits advanced brain aging in gray matter and white matter. Brain age of gray matter is correlated with that of white matter in PD. Brain age measures can partly reveal associations with symptom severity. Brain features underlying brain age difference between MSA and PD are identified.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) belong to alpha-synucleinopathy, but they have very different clinical courses and prognoses. An imaging biomarker that can differentiate between the two diseases early in the disease course is desirable for appropriate treatment. Neuroimaging-based brain age paradigm provides an individualized marker to differentiate aberrant brain aging patterns in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, patients with MSA (N = 23), PD (N = 33), and healthy controls (N = 34; HC) were recruited. A deep learning approach was used to estimate brain-predicted age difference (PAD) of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) based on image features extracted from T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images, respectively. Spatial normative models of image features were utilized to quantify neuroanatomical impairments in patients, which were then used to estimate the contributions of image features to brain age measures. For PAD of GM (GM-PAD), patients with MSA had significantly older brain age (9.33 years) than those with PD (0.75 years; P = 0.002) and HC (-1.47 years; P < 0.001), and no significant difference was found between PD and HC (P = 1.000). For PAD of WM (WM-PAD), it was significantly greater in MSA (9.27 years) than that in PD (1.90 years; P = 0.037) and HC (-0.74 years; P < 0.001); there was no significant difference between PD and HC (P = 0.087). The most salient image features that contributed to PAD in MSA and PD were different. For GM, they were the orbitofrontal regions and the cuneus in MSA and PD, respectively, and for WM, they were the central corpus callosum and the uncinate fasciculus in MSA and PD, respectively. Our results demonstrated that MSA revealed significantly greater PAD than PD, which might be related to markedly different neuroanatomical contributions to brain aging. The image features with distinct contributions to brain aging might be of value in the differential diagnosis of MSA and PD.
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22
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Ge Y, Zheng W, Li Y, Dou W, Ren S, Chen Z, Wang Z. Altered Brain Volume, Microstructure Metrics and Functional Connectivity Features in Multiple System Atrophy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:799251. [PMID: 35663568 PMCID: PMC9162384 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.799251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to deeply understand the specific patterns of volume, microstructure, and functional changes in Multiple System Atrophy patients with cerebellar ataxia syndrome (MSA-c), we perform the current study by simultaneously applying structural (T1-weighted imaging), Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), functional (BOLD fMRI) and extended Network-Based Statistics (extended-NBS) analysis. Twenty-nine MSA-c type patients and twenty-seven healthy controls (HCs) were involved in this study. First, we analyzed the whole brain changes of volume, microstructure, and functional connectivity (FC) in MSA-c patients. Then, we explored the correlations between significant multimodal MRI features and the total Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) scores. Finally, we searched for sensitive imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of MSA-c using support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results showed significant grey matter atrophy in cerebellum and white matter microstructural abnormalities in cerebellum, left fusiform gyrus, right precentral gyrus and lingual gyrus. Extended-NBS analysis found two significant different connected components, featuring altered functional connectivity related to left and right cerebellar sub-regions, respectively. Moreover, the reduced fiber bundle counts at right Cerebellum_3 (Cbe3) and decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values at bilateral Cbe9 were negatively associated with total UMSARS scores. Finally, the significant features at left Cbe9, Cbe1, and Cbe7b were found to be useful as sensitive biomarkers to differentiate MSA-c from HCs according to the SVM analysis. These findings advanced our understanding of the neural pathophysiological mechanisms of MSA from the perspective of multimodal neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Ge
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibei Dou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Weibei Dou,
| | - Shan Ren
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Zhigang Chen,
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
- Zhiqun Wang,
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23
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Tran AA, De Smet M, Grant GD, Khoo TK, Pountney DL. Investigating the Convergent Mechanisms between Major Depressive Disorder and Parkinson's Disease. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 6:47-61. [PMID: 34883500 DOI: 10.1159/000512657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than cognition, having a temporal relationship with neuroinflammatory pathways of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this association is supported by epidemiological and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Microglia and astrocytes play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of both MDD and PD. In PD, these cells can be activated by misfolded forms of the protein α-synuclein to release cytokines that can interact with multiple different physiological processes to produce depressive symptoms, including monoamine transport and availability, the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, and neurogenesis. In MDD, glial cell activation can be induced by peripheral inflammatory agents that cross the blood-brain barrier and/or c-Fos signalling from neurons. The resulting neuroinflammation can cause neurodegeneration due to oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity, contributing to PD pathology. Astrocytes are another major link due to their recognized role in the glymphatic clearance mechanism. Research suggesting that MDD causes astrocytic destruction or structural atrophy highlights the possibility that accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain is facilitated as the brain cannot adequately clear the protein aggregates. This review examines research into the overlapping pathophysiology of MDD and PD with particular focus on the roles of glial cells and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Tran
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Myra De Smet
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tien K Khoo
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dean L Pountney
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Autophagy in α-Synucleinopathies-An Overstrained System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113143. [PMID: 34831366 PMCID: PMC8618716 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies comprise progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). They all exhibit the same pathological hallmark, which is the formation of α-synuclein positive deposits in neuronal or glial cells. The aggregation of α-synuclein in the cell body of neurons, giving rise to the so-called Lewy bodies (LBs), is the major characteristic for PD and DLB, whereas the accumulation of α-synuclein in oligodendroglial cells, so-called glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), is the hallmark for MSA. The mechanisms involved in the intracytoplasmic inclusion formation in neuronal and oligodendroglial cells are not fully understood to date. A possible mechanism could be an impaired autophagic machinery that cannot cope with the high intracellular amount of α-synuclein. In fact, different studies showed that reduced autophagy is involved in α-synuclein aggregation. Furthermore, altered levels of different autophagy markers were reported in PD, DLB, and MSA brains. To date, the trigger point in disease initiation is not entirely clear; that is, whether autophagy dysfunction alone suffices to increase α-synuclein or whether α-synuclein is the pathogenic driver. In the current review, we discuss the involvement of defective autophagy machinery in the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, propagation of α-synuclein, and the resulting neurodegenerative processes in α-synucleinopathies.
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25
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Malfertheiner K, Stefanova N, Heras-Garvin A. The Concept of α-Synuclein Strains and How Different Conformations May Explain Distinct Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:737195. [PMID: 34675870 PMCID: PMC8523670 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.737195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, an increasing amount of studies primarily based on experimental models have investigated the existence of distinct α-synuclein strains and their different pathological effects. This novel concept could shed light on the heterogeneous nature of α-synucleinopathies, a group of disorders that includes Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, which share as their key-molecular hallmark the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, a process that seems pivotal in disease pathogenesis according to experimental observations. However, the etiology of α-synucleinopathies and the initial events leading to the formation of α-synuclein aggregates remains elusive. Hence, the hypothesis that structurally distinct fibrillary assemblies of α-synuclein could have a causative role in the different disease phenotypes and explain, at least to some extent, their specific neurodegenerative, disease progression, and clinical presentation patterns is very appealing. Moreover, the presence of different α-synuclein strains might represent a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of these neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, the recent use of super resolution techniques and protein aggregation assays has offered the possibility, on the one hand, to elucidate the conformation of α-synuclein pathogenic strains and, on the other hand, to cyclically amplify to detectable levels low amounts of α-synuclein strains in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral tissue from patients. Thus, the inclusion of these techniques could facilitate the differentiation between α-synucleinopathies, even at early stages, which is crucial for successful therapeutic intervention. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on α-synuclein strains and discusses its possible applications and potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Malfertheiner
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Heras-Garvin
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Marmion DJ, Peelaerts W, Kordower JH. A historical review of multiple system atrophy with a critical appraisal of cellular and animal models. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1507-1527. [PMID: 34613484 PMCID: PMC8528759 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration (SND), olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and dysautonomia with cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonian motor features. Isolated autonomic dysfunction with predominant genitourinary dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension and REM sleep behavior disorder are common characteristics of a prodromal phase, which may occur years prior to motor-symptom onset. MSA is a unique synucleinopathy, in which alpha-synuclein (aSyn) accumulates and forms insoluble inclusions in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes, termed glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). The origin of, and precise mechanism by which aSyn accumulates in MSA are unknown, and, therefore, disease-modifying therapies to halt or slow the progression of MSA are currently unavailable. For these reasons, much focus in the field is concerned with deciphering the complex neuropathological mechanisms by which MSA begins and progresses through the course of the disease. This review focuses on the history, etiopathogenesis, neuropathology, as well as cell and animal models of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marmion
- Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wouter Peelaerts
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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27
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Shukla JJ, Stefanova N, Bush AI, McColl G, Finkelstein DI, McAllum EJ. Therapeutic potential of iron modulating drugs in a mouse model of multiple system atrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105509. [PMID: 34537326 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative synucleinopathy which leads to severe disability followed by death within 6-9 years of symptom onset. There is compelling evidence suggesting that biological trace metals like iron and copper play an important role in synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease and removing excess brain iron using chelators could slow down the disease progression. In human MSA, there is evidence of increased iron in affected brain regions, but role of iron and therapeutic efficacy of iron-lowering drugs in pre-clinical models of MSA have not been studied. We studied age-related changes in iron metabolism in different brain regions of the PLP-αsyn mice and tested whether iron-lowering drugs could alleviate disease phenotype in aged PLP-αsyn mice. Iron content, iron-ferritin association, ferritin protein levels and copper-ceruloplasmin association were measured in prefrontal cortex, putamen, substantia nigra and cerebellum of 3, 8, and 20-month-old PLP-αsyn and age-matched non-transgenic mice. Moreover, 12-month-old PLP-αsyn mice were administered deferiprone or ceruloplasmin or vehicle for 2 months. At the end of treatment period, motor testing and stereological analyses were performed. We found iron accumulation and perturbed iron-ferritin interaction in substantia nigra, putamen and cerebellum of aged PLP-αsyn mice. Furthermore, we found significant reduction in ceruloplasmin-bound copper in substantia nigra and cerebellum of the PLP-αsyn mice. Both deferiprone and ceruloplasmin prevented decline in motor performance in aged PLP-αsyn mice and were associated with higher neuronal survival and reduced density of α-synuclein aggregates in substantia nigra. This is the first study to report brain iron accumulation in a mouse model of MSA. Our results indicate that elevated iron in MSA mice may result from ceruloplasmin dysfunction and provide evidence that targeting iron in MSA could be a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Shukla
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Laboratory for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gawain McColl
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia..
| | - Erin J McAllum
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Histotype-Dependent Oligodendroglial PrP Pathology in Sporadic CJD: A Frequent Feature of the M2C "Strain". Viruses 2021; 13:v13091796. [PMID: 34578377 PMCID: PMC8473396 DOI: 10.3390/v13091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, molecular subtypes are neuropathologically well identified by the lesioning profile and the immunohistochemical PrPd deposition pattern in the grey matter (histotypes). While astrocytic PrP pathology has been reported in variant CJD and some less frequent histotypes (e.g., MV2K), oligodendroglial pathology has been rarely addressed. We assessed a series of sCJD cases with the aim to identify particular histotypes that could be more prone to harbor oligodendroglial PrPd. Particularly, the MM2C phenotype, in both its more “pure” and its mixed MM1+2C or MV2K+2C forms, showed more frequent oligodendroglial PrP pathology in the underlying white matter than the more common MM1/MV1 and VV2 histotypes, and was more abundant in patients with a longer disease duration. We concluded that the MM2C strain was particularly prone to accumulate PrPd in white matter oligodendrocytes.
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29
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Campese N, Fanciulli A, Stefanova N, Haybaeck J, Kiechl S, Wenning GK. Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: Kurt Jellinger`s legacy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1481-1494. [PMID: 34319460 PMCID: PMC8528766 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology and exact pathogenesis still remain poorly understood and currently no disease-modifying therapy is available to halt or slow down this detrimental neurodegenerative process. Hallmarks of the disease are α-synuclein rich glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Neuropathologically, various degrees of striatonigral degeneration (SND) and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) can be observed. Since the original descriptions of this multifaceted disorder, several steps forward have been made to clarify its neuropathological hallmarks and key pathophysiological mechanisms. The Austrian neuropathologist Kurt Jellinger substantially contributed to the understanding of the underlying neuropathology of this disease, to its standardized assessment and to a broad systematical clinic-pathological correlation. On the occasion of his 90th birthday, we reviewed the current state of the art in the field of MSA neuropathology, highlighting Prof. Jellinger’s substantial contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Campese
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alessandra Fanciulli
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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30
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Ando T, Riku Y, Akagi A, Miyahara H, Hirano M, Ikeda T, Yabata H, Koizumi R, Oba C, Morozumi S, Yasui K, Goto A, Katayama T, Sakakibara S, Aiba I, Sakai M, Konagaya M, Mori K, Ito Y, Yuasa H, Nomura M, Porto KJL, Mitsui J, Tsuji S, Mimuro M, Hashizume Y, Katsuno M, Iwasaki Y, Yoshida M. Multiple system atrophy variant with severe hippocampal pathology. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13002. [PMID: 34255887 PMCID: PMC8713529 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems are known to be vulnerable in multiple system atrophy (MSA), showing neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and alpha‐synuclein‐immunoreactive inclusions. MSA patients who displayed abundant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the regions other than the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system have occasionally been diagnosed with variants of MSA. In this study, we report clinical and pathologic findings of MSA patients characterized by prominent pathologic involvement of the hippocampus. We assessed 146 consecutively autopsied MSA patients. Semi‐quantitative analysis of anti‐alpha‐synuclein immunohistochemistry revealed that 12 of 146 patients (8.2%) had severe NCIs in two or more of the following areas: the hippocampal granule cells, cornu ammonis areas, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. In contrast, the remaining 134 patients did not show severe NCIs in any of these regions. Patients with severe hippocampal involvement showed a higher representation of women (nine women/three men; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0324), longer disease duration (13.1 ± 5.9 years; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p = 0.000157), higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (four patients; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0222), and lower brain weight (1070.3 ± 168.6 g; Mann–Whitney U‐test, p = 0.00911) than other patients. The hippocampal granule cells and cornu ammonis area 1/subiculum almost always showed severe NCIs. The NCIs appeared to be ring‐shaped or neurofibrillary tangle‐like, fibrous configurations. Three of 12 patients also had dense, round‐shaped NCIs that were morphologically similar to pick bodies. The patients with Pick body‐like inclusions showed more severe atrophy of the medial temporal lobes and broader spreading of NCIs than those without. Immunohistochemistry for hyperphosphorylated tau and phosphorylated TDP‐43 revealed minimal aggregations in the hippocampus of the hippocampal MSA patients. Our observations suggest a pathological variant of MSA that is characterized by severe involvement of hippocampal neurons. This phenotype may reinforce the importance of neuronal alpha‐synucleinopathy in the pathogenesis of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ando
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichi Riku
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akio Akagi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyahara
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hirano
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ikeda
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yabata
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chisato Oba
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saori Morozumi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keizo Yasui
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Goto
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiji Katayama
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakakibara
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ikuko Aiba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Higashinagoya National Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoko Sakai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konagaya
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Keiko Mori
- Department of Neurology, Oyamada Memorial Spa Hospital, Yokkaichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ito
- Department of Neurology, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yuasa
- Department of Neurology, Tosei General Hospital, Seto, Japan
| | - Masayo Nomura
- Department of Neurology, Kainan Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Yatomi, Japan
| | - Kristine Joyce L Porto
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maya Mimuro
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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31
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Neurons and Glia Interplay in α-Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094994. [PMID: 34066733 PMCID: PMC8125822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of the neuronal presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein within proteinaceous inclusions represents the key histophathological hallmark of a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, referred to by the umbrella term a-synucleinopathies. Even though alpha-synuclein is expressed predominantly in neurons, pathological aggregates of the protein are also found in the glial cells of the brain. In Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, alpha-synuclein accumulates mainly in neurons forming the Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, whereas in multiple system atrophy, the protein aggregates mostly in the glial cytoplasmic inclusions within oligodendrocytes. In addition, astrogliosis and microgliosis are found in the synucleinopathy brains, whereas both astrocytes and microglia internalize alpha-synuclein and contribute to the spread of pathology. The mechanisms underlying the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein in glial cells that under physiological conditions express low to non-detectable levels of the protein are an area of intense research. Undoubtedly, the presence of aggregated alpha-synuclein can disrupt glial function in general and can contribute to neurodegeneration through numerous pathways. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of alpha-synuclein in both neurons and glia, highlighting the contribution of the neuron-glia connectome in the disease initiation and progression, which may represent potential therapeutic target for a-synucleinopathies.
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32
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Mészáros L, Riemenschneider MJ, Gassner H, Marxreiter F, von Hörsten S, Hoffmann A, Winkler J. Human alpha-synuclein overexpressing MBP29 mice mimic functional and structural hallmarks of the cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:68. [PMID: 33853667 PMCID: PMC8048356 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, but fatal atypical parkinsonian disorder. The prototypical pathological hallmark are oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Currently, two MSA phenotypes are classified: the parkinsonian (MSA-P) and the cerebellar subtype (MSA-C), clinically characterized by predominant parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia, respectively. Previous studies have shown that the transgenic MSA mouse model overexpressing human α-syn controlled by the oligodendroglial myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter (MBP29-hα-syn mice) mirrors crucial characteristics of the MSA-P subtype. However, it remains elusive, whether this model recapitulates important features of the MSA-C-related phenotype. First, we examined MSA-C-associated cerebellar pathology using human post-mortem tissue of MSA-C patients and controls. We observed the prototypical GCI pathology and a preserved number of oligodendrocytes in the cerebellar white matter (cbw) accompanied by severe myelin deficit, microgliosis, and a profound loss of Purkinje cells. Secondly, we phenotypically characterized MBP29-hα-syn mice using a dual approach: structural analysis of the hindbrain and functional assessment of gait. Matching the neuropathological features of MSA-C, GCI pathology within the cbw of MBP29-hα-syn mice was accompanied by a severe myelin deficit despite an increased number of oligodendrocytes and a high number of myeloid cells even at an early disease stage. Intriguingly, MBP29-hα-syn mice developed a significant loss of Purkinje cells at a more advanced disease stage. Catwalk XT gait analysis revealed decreased walking speed, increased stride length and width between hind paws. In addition, less dual diagonal support was observed toward more dual lateral and three paw support. Taken together, this wide-based and unsteady gait reflects cerebellar ataxia presumably linked to the cerebellar pathology in MBP29-hα-syn mice. In conclusion, the present study strongly supports the notion that the MBP29-hα-syn mouse model mimics important characteristics of the MSA-C subtype providing a powerful preclinical tool for evaluating future interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mészáros
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Gassner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franz Marxreiter
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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33
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Vigen TR, Brudek T, Pakkenberg B, Olesen MV. Quantitative Cellular Changes in the Thalamus of Patients with Multiple System Atrophy. Neuroscience 2021; 459:142-152. [PMID: 33577952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus is a brain region consisting of anatomical and functional connections between various spinal, subcortical, and cortical regions, which has a putative role in the clinical manifestation of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). Previous stereological studies have reported significant anatomical alterations in diverse brain regions of MSA patients, including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and white matter, but no quantitative studies have examined the thalamus. To establish the extent of thalamic involvement, we applied stereological methods to estimate the total number of neurons and glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia) as well as the volume in two thalamic sub-regions, the mediodorsal nucleus (MDT) and the anterior principal nucleus (APn), in brains from ten MSA patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Compared to healthy controls, MSA patients had significantly fewer neurons (26%) in the MDT, but not the APn. We also found significantly more astrocytes (32%) and microglia (54%) in the MDT, with no such changes in the APn. Finally, we saw no group differences in the total number of oligodendrocytes. Our findings show a region-specific loss of thalamic neurons that occurs without loss of oligodendrocytes, whereas thalamic microgliosis seems to occur alongside astrogliosis. These pathological changes in the thalamus may contribute to the cognitive impairment seen in most patients with MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Vigen
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Tomasz Brudek
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel V Olesen
- Research Laboratory for Stereology and Neuroscience, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
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34
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Hinman JD, Ngo KJ, Kim D, Chen C, Abraham CR, Ghanbari M, Ikram MA, Kushner SA, Kawaguchi R, Coppola G, Goth K, Bellusci S, Hernandez I, Kosik KS, Fogel BL. miR-142-3p regulates cortical oligodendrocyte gene co-expression networks associated with tauopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:103-118. [PMID: 33555315 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes exist in a heterogenous state and are implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric diseases including dementia. Cortical oligodendrocytes are a glial population uniquely positioned to play a key role in neurodegeneration by synchronizing circuit connectivity but molecular pathways specific to this role are lacking. We utilized oligodendrocyte-specific translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-seq (TRAP-seq) to transcriptionally profile adult mature oligodendrocytes from different regions of the central nervous system. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals distinct region-specific gene networks. Two of these mature myelinating oligodendrocyte gene networks uniquely define cortical oligodendrocytes and differentially regulate cortical myelination (M8) and synaptic signaling (M4). These two cortical oligodendrocyte gene networks are enriched for genes associated with dementia including MAPT and include multiple gene targets of the regulatory microRNA, miR-142-3p. Using a combination of TRAP-qPCR, miR-142-3p overexpression in vitro, and miR-142-null mice, we show that miR-142-3p negatively regulates cortical myelination. In rTg4510 tau-overexpressing mice, cortical myelination is compromised, and tau-mediated neurodegeneration is associated with gene co-expression networks that recapitulate both the M8 and M4 cortical oligodendrocyte gene networks identified from normal cortex. We further demonstrate overlapping gene networks in mature oligodendrocytes present in normal cortex, rTg4510 and miR-142-null mice, and existing datasets from human tauopathies to provide evidence for a critical role of miR-142-3p-regulated cortical myelination and oligodendrocyte-mediated synaptic signaling in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kathie J Ngo
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Cidi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131 - 99137, Iran
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Informatics Center for Neurogenetics and Neurogenomics, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kerstin Goth
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Israel Hernandez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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35
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Marmion DJ, Rutkowski AA, Chatterjee D, Hiller BM, Werner MH, Bezard E, Kirik D, McCown T, Gray SJ, Kordower JH. Viral-based rodent and nonhuman primate models of multiple system atrophy: Fidelity to the human disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105184. [PMID: 33221532 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and extremely debilitating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by variable combinations of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, dysautonomia, and pyramidal dysfunction. MSA is a unique synucleinopathy, in which alpha synuclein-rich aggregates are present in the cytoplasm of oligodendroglia. The precise origin of the alpha synuclein (aSyn) found in the glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) as well the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MSA remain unclear. Despite this fact, cell and animal models of MSA rely on oligodendroglial overexpression of aSyn. In the present study, we utilized a novel oligotrophic AAV, Olig001, to overexpress aSyn specifically in striatal oligodendrocytes of rats and nonhuman primates in an effort to further characterize our novel viral vector-mediated MSA animal models. Using two cohorts of animals with 10-fold differences in Olig001 vector titers, we show a dose-dependent formation of MSA-like pathology in rats. High titer of Olig001-aSyn in these animals were required to produce the formation of pS129+ and proteinase K resistant aSyn-rich GCIs, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Using this knowledge, we injected high titer Olig001 in the putamen of cynomolgus macaques. After six months, histological analysis showed that oligodendroglial overexpression of aSyn resulted in the formation of hallmark GCIs throughout the putamen, demyelination, a 44% reduction of striatal neurons and a 12% loss of nigral neurons. Furthermore, a robust inflammatory response similar to MSA was produced in Olig001-aSyn NHPs, including microglial activation, astrogliosis, and a robust infiltration of T cells into the CNS. Taken together, oligodendroglial-specific viral vector-mediated overexpression of aSyn in rats and nonhuman primates faithfully reproduces many of the pathological disease hallmarks found in MSA. Future studies utilizing these large animal models of MSA would prove extremely valuable as a pre-clinical platform to test novel therapeutics that are so desperately needed for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marmion
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Angela A Rutkowski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Diptaman Chatterjee
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hiller
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- University of Bordeaux, Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S) Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Thomas McCown
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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36
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Herrera-Vaquero M, Heras-Garvin A, Krismer F, Deleanu R, Boesch S, Wenning GK, Stefanova N. Signs of early cellular dysfunction in multiple system atrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:268-282. [PMID: 32892415 PMCID: PMC7891639 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to the family of α‐synucleinopathies. At post mortem examination, intracellular inclusions of misfolded α‐synuclein are found in neurons and oligodendrocytes and are considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis. However, the early steps of the disease process are unknown and difficult to study in tissue derived from end‐stage disease. Methods Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from patients’ and control skin fibroblasts and differentiated into NCAM‐positive neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The mitochondrial morphology and function were assessed by immunocytochemistry and high resolution respirometry. The ability to cope with exogenous oxidative stress was tested by exposure to different doses of luperox. The expression of α‐synuclein was studied by immunocytochemistry. Results We identified increased tubulation of mitochondria with preserved respiration profile in MSA‐derived NPCs. Exposure of these cells to exogenous oxidative stress even at low doses, triggered an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cleavage of caspase‐3. MSA‐derived NPCs did not present changed levels of SNCA gene expression nor intracellular aggregates of α‐synuclein. However, we identified disease‐related translocation of α‐synuclein to the nucleus. Conclusions Our results show early cellular dysfunction in MSA‐derived NPCs. We identified changes in the redox homeostasis which are functionally compensated at baseline but cause increased susceptibility to exogenous oxidative stress. In addition, nuclear translocation of α‐synuclein in MSA‐derived NPCs supports an early cellular stress response which may precede the neurodegenerative process in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herrera-Vaquero
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Heras-Garvin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Krismer
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Deleanu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Boesch
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G K Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - N Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lemos M, Stefanova N. Histone Deacetylase 6 and the Disease Mechanisms of α-Synucleinopathies. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:586453. [PMID: 33041780 PMCID: PMC7518386 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.586453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a prominent pathological feature in a group of diseases called α-Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The formation of Lewy bodies (LBs) and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in neurons and oligodendrocytes, respectively, is highly investigated. However, the molecular mechanisms behind α-Syn improper folding and aggregation remain unclear. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a Class II deacetylase, containing two active catalytic domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain. The properties of HDAC6 and its exclusive cytoplasmic localization allow HDAC6 to modulate the microtubule dynamics, acting as a specific α-tubulin deacetylase. Also, HDAC6 can bind ubiquitinated proteins, facilitating the formation of the aggresome, a cellular defense mechanism to cope with higher levels of misfolded proteins. Several studies report that the aggresome shares similarities in size and composition with LBs and GCIs. HDAC6 is found to co-localize with α-Syn in neurons and in oligodendrocytes, together with other aggresome-related proteins. The involvement of HDAC6 in several neurodegenerative diseases is already under discussion, however, the results obtained by modulating HDAC6 activity are not entirely conclusive. The main goal of this review is to summarize and critically discuss previous in vitro and in vivo data regarding the specific role of HDAC6 in the context of α-Syn accumulation and protein aggregation in α-Synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lemos
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kaji S, Maki T, Ueda J, Ishimoto T, Inoue Y, Yasuda K, Sawamura M, Hikawa R, Ayaki T, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. BCAS1-positive immature oligodendrocytes are affected by the α-synuclein-induced pathology of multiple system atrophy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:120. [PMID: 32727582 PMCID: PMC7391509 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is pathologically characterized by the presence of fibrillar α-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions in oligodendrocytes. Although the myelinating process of oligodendrocytes can be observed in adult human brains, little is known regarding the presence of α-synuclein pathology in immature oligodendrocytes and how their maturation and myelination are affected in MSA brains. Recently, breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) has been found to be specifically expressed in immature oligodendrocytes undergoing maturation and myelination. Here, we analyzed the altered dynamics of oligodendroglial maturation in both MSA brains and primary oligodendroglial cell cultures which were incubated with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. The numbers of BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocytes that displayed a matured morphology negatively correlated with the density of pathological inclusions in MSA brains but not with that in Parkinson’s disease and diffuse Lewy body disease. In addition, a portion of the BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocyte population showed cytoplasmic inclusions, which were labeled with antibodies against phosphorylated α-synuclein and cleaved caspase-9. Further in vitro examination indicated that the α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils induced cytoplasmic inclusions in the majority of BCAS1-expressing oligodendrocytes. In contrast, the majority of BCAS1-non-expressing mature oligodendrocytes did not develop inclusions on day 4 after maturation induction. Furthermore, exposure of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils in the BCAS1-positive phase caused a reduction in oligodendroglial cell viability. Our results indicated that oligodendroglial maturation and myelination are impaired in the BCAS1-positive phase of MSA brains, which may lead to the insufficient replacement of defective oligodendrocytes. In vitro, the high susceptibility of BCAS1-expressing primary oligodendrocytes to the extracellular α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils suggests the involvement of insufficient oligodendroglial maturation in MSA disease progression and support the hypothesis that the BCAS1-positive oligodendrocyte lineage cells are prone to take up aggregated α-synuclein in vivo.
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Moussa M, Papatsoris A, Chakra MA, Fares Y, Dellis A. Lower urinary tract dysfunction in common neurological diseases. Turk J Urol 2020; 46:S70-S78. [PMID: 32384046 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2020.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lower urinary tract has the main function of urine storage and voiding. The integrity of the lower urinary tract nerve supply is necessary for its proper function. Neurological disorders can lead to lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Common causes of neurogenic LUTS or LUTD include spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular accidents, cauda equina syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and multiple system atrophy. The pathophysiology is categorized according to the nature of the onset of neurological disease. Assessment requires clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, imaging, and urodynamic studies. Impaired voiding is most often managed by clean intermittent self-catheterization if the postvoid residual urine exceeds 100 ml, whereas storage symptoms are most often managed by antimuscarinic medications. Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin type A is emerging as an effective treatment for managing refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity. This review provides an overview of the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of LUTD in patients with central and peripheral common neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Moussa
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Yousef Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Al Zahraa University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Athanasios Dellis
- Department of Urology/General Surgery, Areteion Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Mészáros L, Hoffmann A, Wihan J, Winkler J. Current Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Treatments in Multiple System Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2775. [PMID: 32316335 PMCID: PMC7215736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, severe, and rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder categorized as an atypical parkinsonian syndrome. With a mean life expectancy of 6-9 years after diagnosis, MSA is clinically characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, autonomic failure, and poor l-Dopa responsiveness. Aside from limited symptomatic treatment, there is currently no disease-modifying therapy available. Consequently, distinct pharmacological targets have been explored and investigated in clinical studies based on MSA-related symptoms and pathomechanisms. Parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic failure are the most important symptoms targeted by symptomatic treatments in current clinical trials. The most prominent pathological hallmark is oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing alpha-synuclein, thus classifying MSA as synucleinopathy. Additionally, myelin and neuronal loss accompanied by micro- and astrogliosis are further distinctive features of MSA-related neuropathology present in numerous brain regions. Besides summarizing current symptomatic treatment strategies in MSA, this review critically reflects upon potential cellular targets and disease-modifying approaches for MSA such as (I) targeting α-syn pathology, (II) intervening neuroinflammation, and (III) neuronal loss. Although these single compound trials are aiming to interfere with distinct pathogenetic steps in MSA, a combined approach may be necessary to slow down the rapid progression of the oligodendroglial associated synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.M.); (A.H.); (J.W.)
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Ferrer I, Andrés-Benito P, Zelaya MV, Aguirre MEE, Carmona M, Ausín K, Lachén-Montes M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, del Rio JA. Familial globular glial tauopathy linked to MAPT mutations: molecular neuropathology and seeding capacity of a prototypical mixed neuronal and glial tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:735-771. [PMID: 31907603 PMCID: PMC7096369 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Globular glial tauopathy (GGT) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the grey matter and white matter (WM) and characterized by neuronal deposition of hyper-phosphorylated, abnormally conformed, truncated, oligomeric 4Rtau in neurons and in glial cells forming typical globular astrocyte and oligodendrocyte inclusions (GAIs and GOIs, respectively) and coiled bodies. Present studies centre on four genetic GGT cases from two unrelated families bearing the P301T mutation in MAPT and one case of sporadic GGT (sGGT) and one case of GGT linked to MAPT K317M mutation, for comparative purposes. Clinical and neuropathological manifestations and biochemical profiles of phospho-tau are subjected to individual variations in patients carrying the same mutation, even in carriers of the same family, independently of the age of onset, gender, and duration of the disease. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, transcriptomic, proteomics and phosphoproteomics, and intra-cerebral inoculation of brain homogenates to wild-type (WT) mice were the methods employed. In GGT cases linked to MAPT P301T mutation, astrocyte markers GFAP, ALDH1L1, YKL40 mRNA and protein, GJA1 mRNA, and AQ4 protein are significantly increased; glutamate transporter GLT1 (EAAT2) and glucose transporter (SLC2A1) decreased; mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) increased, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 5 (UCP5) almost absent in GAIs in frontal cortex (FC). Expression of oligodendrocyte markers OLIG1 and OLIG2mRNA, and myelin-related genes MBP, PLP1, CNP, MAG, MAL, MOG, and MOBP are significantly decreased in WM; CNPase, PLP1, and MBP antibodies reveal reduction and disruption of myelinated fibres; and SMI31 antibodies mark axonal damage in the WM. Altered expression of AQ4, GLUC-t, and GLT-1 is also observed in sGGT and in GGT linked to MAPT K317M mutation. These alterations point to primary astrogliopathy and oligodendrogliopathy in GGT. In addition, GGT linked to MAPT P301T mutation proteotypes unveil a proteostatic imbalance due to widespread (phospho)proteomic dearrangement in the FC and WM, triggering a disruption of neuron projection morphogenesis and synaptic transmission. Identification of hyper-phosphorylation of variegated proteins calls into question the concept of phospho-tau-only alteration in the pathogenesis of GGT. Finally, unilateral inoculation of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions of GGT homogenates from GGT linked to MAPT P301T, sGGT, and GGT linked to MAPT K317M mutation in the hippocampus, corpus callosum, or caudate/putamen in wild-type mice produces seeding, and time- and region-dependent spreading of phosphorylated, non-oligomeric, and non-truncated 4Rtau and 3Rtau, without GAIs and GOIs but only of coiled bodies. These experiments prove that host tau strains are important in the modulation of cellular vulnerability and phenotypes of phospho-tau aggregates.
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Rydbirk R, Folke J, Busato F, Roché E, Chauhan AS, Løkkegaard A, Hejl AM, Bode M, Blaabjerg M, Møller M, Danielsen EH, Brudek T, Pakkenberg B, Tost J, Aznar S. Epigenetic modulation of AREL1 and increased HLA expression in brains of multiple system atrophy patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:29. [PMID: 32151281 PMCID: PMC7063795 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare disease with a fatal outcome. To date, little is known about the molecular processes underlying disease development. Its clinical overlap with related neurodegenerative movement disorders underlines the importance for expanding the knowledge of pathological brain processes in MSA patients to improve distinction from similar diseases. In the current study, we investigated DNA methylation changes in brain samples from 41 MSA patients and 37 healthy controls. We focused on the prefrontal cortex, a moderately affected area in MSA. Using Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays, we investigated 5-methylcytosine (5mC) as well as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) changes throughout the genome. We identified five significantly different 5mC probes (adj. P < 0.05), of which one probe mapping to the AREL1 gene involved in antigen presentation was decreased in MSA patients. This decrease correlated with increased 5hmC levels. Further, we identified functional DNA methylation modules involved in inflammatory processes. As expected, the decreased 5mC levels on AREL1 was concordant with increased gene expression levels of both AREL1 as well as MHC Class I HLA genes in MSA brains. We also investigated whether these changes in antigen-related processes in the brain associated with changes in peripheral mononuclear cells. Using flow cytometry on an independent cohort of MSA patients, we identified a decrease in circulating non-classical CD14+CD16++ blood monocytes, whereas T and NK cell populations were unchanged. Taken together, our results support the view of an active neuroimmune response in brains of MSA patients.
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Glat MJ, Stefanova N, Wenning GK, Offen D. Genes to treat excitotoxicity ameliorate the symptoms of the disease in mice models of multiple system atrophy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:205-212. [PMID: 32065333 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. The main hallmark of MSA is the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in oligodendrocytes, which contributes to the dysfunction and death of the oligodendrocytes, followed by neurodegeneration. Studies suggested that oxidative-excitatory pathway is associated with the progression of the disease. The aim of the current study was to test this concept by overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2, glutamate dehydrogenase and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 genes in the striatum of two established mouse models of MSA. To induce the first model, we injected the mitochondrial neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), unilaterally into the right striatum in 2-month-old C57BL/6 male mice. We demonstrate a significant improvement in two drug-induced rotational behavior tests, following unilateral injection the three genes. For the second model, we used transgenic mice expressing the alpha-synuclein gene under the proteolipid protein, in the age of 7 months, boosted with 3-NP to enhance the motor deficits and neurodegeneration. We show that the overexpression of the three genes attenuated the motor-related deficit in the elevated bridge and pole tests. Thus, our study indicates that glutamate excito-oxidative toxicity plays a major role in this MSA model and our gene therapy approach might suggest a novel strategy for MSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Karl Wenning
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Offen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, 49100, Petha Tikva, Israel.
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Insights into the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy: focus on glial cytoplasmic inclusions. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 32095235 PMCID: PMC7025408 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a debilitating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The disease severity warrants urgent development of disease-modifying therapy, but the disease pathogenesis is still enigmatic. Neurodegeneration in MSA brains is preceded by the emergence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), which are insoluble α-synuclein accumulations within oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Thus, preventive strategies against GCI formation may suppress disease progression. However, although numerous studies have tried to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of GCI formation, difficulty remains in understanding the pathological interaction between the two pivotal aspects of GCIs; α-synuclein and OLGs. The difficulty originates from several enigmas: 1) what triggers the initial generation and possible propagation of pathogenic α-synuclein species? 2) what contributes to OLG-specific accumulation of α-synuclein, which is abundantly expressed in neurons but not in OLGs? and 3) how are OLGs and other glial cells affected and contribute to neurodegeneration? The primary pathogenesis of GCIs may involve myelin dysfunction and dyshomeostasis of the oligodendroglial cellular environment such as autophagy and iron metabolism. We have previously reported that oligodendrocyte precursor cells are more prone to develop intracellular inclusions in the presence of extracellular fibrillary α-synuclein. This finding implies a possibility that the propagation of GCI pathology in MSA brains is mediated through the internalization of pathological α-synuclein into oligodendrocyte precursor cells. In this review, in order to discuss the pathogenesis of GCIs, we will focus on the composition of neuronal and oligodendroglial inclusions in synucleinopathies. Furthermore, we will introduce some hypotheses on how α-synuclein pathology spreads among OLGs in MSA brains, in the light of our data from the experiments with primary oligodendrocyte lineage cell culture. While various reports have focused on the mysterious source of α-synuclein in GCIs, insights into the mechanism which regulates the uptake of pathological α-synuclein into oligodendroglial cells may yield the development of the disease-modifying therapy for MSA. The interaction between glial cells and α-synuclein is also highlighted with previous studies of post-mortem human brains, cultured cells, and animal models, which provide comprehensive insight into GCIs and the MSA pathomechanisms.
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Seranova E, Palhegyi AM, Verma S, Dimova S, Lasry R, Naama M, Sun C, Barrett T, Rosenstock TR, Kumar D, Cohen MA, Buganim Y, Sarkar S. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders for Studying the Biomedical Implications of Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2754-2798. [PMID: 32044344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is essential for cellular survival, tissue homeostasis, and human health. The housekeeping functions of autophagy in mediating the clearance of aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles are vital for post-mitotic neurons. Improper functioning of this process contributes to the pathology of myriad human diseases, including neurodegeneration. Impairment in autophagy has been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases where pharmacological induction of autophagy has therapeutic benefits in cellular and transgenic animal models. However, emerging studies suggest that the efficacy of autophagy inducers, as well as the nature of the autophagy defects, may be context-dependent, and therefore, studies in disease-relevant experimental systems may provide more insights for clinical translation to patients. With the advancements in human stem cell technology, it is now possible to establish disease-affected cellular platforms from patients for investigating disease mechanisms and identifying candidate drugs in the appropriate cell types, such as neurons that are otherwise not accessible. Towards this, patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated considerable promise in constituting a platform for effective disease modeling and drug discovery. Multiple studies have utilized hiPSC models of neurodegenerative diseases to study autophagy and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of autophagy inducers in neuronal cells. This review provides an overview of the regulation of autophagy, generation of hiPSCs via cellular reprogramming, and neuronal differentiation. It outlines the findings in various neurodegenerative disorders where autophagy has been studied using hiPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Maria Palhegyi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Simona Dimova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lasry
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moriyah Naama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Faber J, Giordano I, Jiang X, Kindler C, Spottke A, Acosta-Cabronero J, Nestor PJ, Machts J, Düzel E, Vielhaber S, Speck O, Dudesek A, Kamm C, Scheef L, Klockgether T. Prominent White Matter Involvement in Multiple System Atrophy of Cerebellar Type. Mov Disord 2020; 35:816-824. [PMID: 31994808 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic degenerative ataxia patients fall into 2 major groups: multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C) and sporadic adult-onset ataxia (SAOA). Both groups have cerebellar volume loss, but little is known about the differential involvement of gray and white matter in MSA-C when compared with SAOA. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify structural differences of brain gray and white matter between both patient groups. METHODS We used magnetic resonance imaging to acquire T1-weighted images and diffusion tensor images from 12 MSA-C patients, 31 SAOA patients, and 55 healthy controls. Magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed with voxel-based-morphometry, tract-based spatial statistics, and tractography-based regional diffusion tensor images analysis. RESULTS Whole-brain and cerebellar-focused voxel-based-morphometry analysis showed gray matter volume loss in both patient groups when compared with healthy controls, specifically in the cerebellar areas subserving sensorimotor functions. When compared with controls, the SAOA and MSA-C patients showed white matter loss in the cerebellum, whereas brainstem white matter was reduced only in the MSA-C patients. The tract-based spatial statistics revealed reduced fractional anisotropy within the pons and cerebellum in the MSA-C patients both in comparison with the SAOA patients and healthy controls. In addition, tractography-based regional analysis showed reduced fractional anisotropy along the corticospinal tracts in MSA-C, but not SAOA. CONCLUSION Although in our cohort extent and distribution of gray and white matter loss were similar between the MSA-C and SAOA patients, magnetic resonance imaging data showed prominent microstructural white matter involvement in the MSA-C patients that was not present in the SAOA patients. Our findings highlight the significance of microstructural white matter changes in the differentiation between both conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Faber
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilaria Giordano
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Xueyan Jiang
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Kindler
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Nestor
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Neuroscience and Cognitive Health Program, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Machts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Faculty for Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ales Dudesek
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Kamm
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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47
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Heras-Garvin A, Stefanova N. MSA: From basic mechanisms to experimental therapeutics. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 73:94-104. [PMID: 32005598 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by rapidly progressive autonomic and motor dysfunction. Pathologically, MSA is mainly characterized by the abnormal accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein in the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Striatonigral degeneration and olivopontecerebellar atrophy underlie the motor syndrome, while degeneration of autonomic centers defines the autonomic failure in MSA. At present, there is no treatment that can halt or reverse its progression. However, over the last decade several studies in preclinical models and patients have helped to better understand the pathophysiological events underlying MSA. The etiology of this fatal disorder remains unclear and may be multifactorial, caused by a combination of factors which may serve as targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and neuropathology of MSA, its different preclinical models, and the main disease modifying therapies that have been used so far or that are planned for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Heras-Garvin
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Nadia Stefanova
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Uemura N, Uemura MT, Lo A, Bassil F, Zhang B, Luk KC, Lee VMY, Takahashi R, Trojanowski JQ. Slow Progressive Accumulation of Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) Pathology in Synthetic α-Syn Fibril-Induced Mouse Models of Synucleinopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:877-890. [PMID: 31504665 PMCID: PMC6934438 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are composed of Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) forms aggregates mainly in neurons in PD and DLB, while oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates are characteristic of MSA. Recent studies have demonstrated that injections of synthetic α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the brains of wild-type (WT) animals induce intraneuronal α-Syn aggregates and the subsequent interneuronal transmission of α-Syn aggregates. However, injections of α-Syn PFFs or even brain lysates of patients with MSA have not been reported to induce oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates, raising questions about the pathogenesis of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates in MSA. Here, we report that WT mice injected with mouse α-Syn (m-α-Syn) PFFs develop neuronal α-Syn pathology after short postinjection (PI) intervals on the scale of weeks, while oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology emerges after longer PI intervals of several months. Abundant oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology in white matter at later time points is reminiscent of MSA. Furthermore, comparison between young and aged mice injected with m-α-Syn PFFs revealed that PI intervals rather than aging correlate with oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation. These results provide novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Angela Lo
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fares Bassil
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M -Y Lee
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Endogenous oligodendroglial alpha-synuclein and TPPP/p25α orchestrate alpha-synuclein pathology in experimental multiple system atrophy models. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:415-441. [PMID: 31011860 PMCID: PMC7289399 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by the presence of distinctive glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) within oligodendrocytes that contain the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) and the oligodendroglia-specific phosphoprotein TPPP/p25α. However, the role of oligodendroglial aSyn and p25α in the formation of aSyn-rich GCIs remains unclear. To address this conundrum, we have applied human aSyn (haSyn) pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) to rat wild-type (WT)-, haSyn-, or p25α-overexpressing oligodendroglial cells and to primary differentiated oligodendrocytes derived from WT, knockout (KO)-aSyn, and PLP-haSyn-transgenic mice. HaSyn PFFs are readily taken up by oligodendroglial cells and can recruit minute amounts of endogenous aSyn into the formation of insoluble, highly aggregated, pathological assemblies. The overexpression of haSyn or p25α accelerates the recruitment of endogenous protein and the generation of such aberrant species. In haSyn PFF-treated primary oligodendrocytes, the microtubule and myelin networks are disrupted, thus recapitulating a pathological hallmark of MSA, in a manner totally dependent upon the seeding of endogenous aSyn. Furthermore, using oligodendroglial and primary cortical cultures, we demonstrated that pathology-related S129 aSyn phosphorylation depends on aSyn and p25α protein load and may involve different aSyn “strains” present in oligodendroglial and neuronal synucleinopathies. Importantly, this hypothesis was further supported by data obtained from human post-mortem brain material derived from patients with MSA and dementia with Lewy bodies. Finally, delivery of haSyn PFFs into the mouse brain led to the formation of aberrant aSyn forms, including the endogenous protein, within oligodendroglia and evoked myelin decompaction in WT mice, but not in KO-aSyn mice. This line of research highlights the role of endogenous aSyn and p25α in the formation of pathological aSyn assemblies in oligodendrocytes and provides in vivo evidence of the contribution of oligodendroglial aSyn in the establishment of aSyn pathology in MSA.
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Krejciova Z, Carlson GA, Giles K, Prusiner SB. Replication of multiple system atrophy prions in primary astrocyte cultures from transgenic mice expressing human α-synuclein. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:81. [PMID: 31109379 PMCID: PMC6526619 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing aggregated and hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein are the signature neuropathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Native α-synuclein can adopt a prion conformation that self-propagates and spreads throughout the brain ultimately resulting in neurodegeneration. A growing body of evidence argues that, in addition to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes contain α-synuclein inclusions in MSA and other α-synucleinopathies at advanced stages of disease. To study the role of astrocytes in MSA, we added MSA brain homogenate to primary cultures of astrocytes from transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing human α-synuclein. Astrocytes from four Tg lines, expressing either wild-type or mutant (A53T or A30P) human α-synuclein, propagated and accumulated α-synuclein prions. Furthermore, we found that MSA-infected astrocytes formed two morphologically distinct α-synuclein inclusions: filamentous and granular. Both types of cytoplasmic inclusions shared several features characteristic of α-synuclein inclusions in synucleinopathies: hyperphosphorylation preceded by aggregation, ubiquitination, thioflavin S–positivity, and co-localization with p62. Our findings demonstrate that human α-synuclein forms distinct inclusion morphologies and propagates within cultured Tg astrocytes exposed to MSA prions, indicating that α-synuclein expression determines the tropism of inclusion formation in certain cells. Thus, our work may prove useful in elucidating the role of astrocytes in the pathogenic mechanisms that feature in neurodegeneration caused by MSA prions.
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