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Becher B, Derfuss T, Liblau R. Targeting cytokine networks in neuroinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024:10.1038/s41573-024-01026-y. [PMID: 39261632 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
In neuroinflammatory diseases, systemic (blood-borne) leukocytes invade the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to tissue damage. A causal relationship between neuroinflammatory diseases and dysregulated cytokine networks is well established across several preclinical models. Cytokine dysregulation is also observed as an inadvertent effect of cancer immunotherapy, where it often leads to neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammatory diseases can be separated into those in which a pathogen is at the centre of the immune response and those of largely unknown aetiology. Here, we discuss the pathophysiology, cytokine networks and therapeutic landscape of 'sterile' neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), neurosarcoidosis and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) triggered by cancer immunotherapy. Despite successes in targeting cytokine networks in preclinical models of neuroinflammation, the clinical translation of targeting cytokines and their receptors has shown mixed and often paradoxical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Becher
- Institute of experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Neurology and Biomedicine, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Liblau
- Institute for inflammatory and infectious diseases, INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR505, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Theophanous S, Sargiannidou I, Kleopa KA. Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9588. [PMID: 39273535 PMCID: PMC11395575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of the disease have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation in the context of glial cell involvement as there is increasing evidence of their central role in disease progression. Although glial cell communication and proper function underlies brain homeostasis and maintenance, their multiple effects in an MS brain remain complex and controversial. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the contribution of glial cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the pathology of MS during both the activation and orchestration of inflammatory mechanisms, as well as of their synergistic effects during the repair and restoration of function. Additionally, we discuss how the understanding of glial cell involvement in MS may provide new therapeutic targets either to limit disease progression or to facilitate repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Theophanous
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Sargiannidou
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kleopas A Kleopa
- Neuroscience Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
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3
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Salah S, Sadeq YI, Mosaad YM, Elmenshawi IEH, Tawhid ZME. Association of interleukin-17F (rs763780) single nucleotide polymorphism with multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13643. [PMID: 38871733 PMCID: PMC11176185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-17F single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) can affect IL-17F expression and activity and this can lead to the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. The aim was to investigate the association of IL-17F (rs763780) SNP with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a cohort of Egyptian patients and to evaluate the effect of this polymorphism on the disease course. IL-17F (rs763780) gene polymorphisms was typed by TaqMan genotyping assay for 231 Egyptians divided into 102 MS patients and 129 healthy controls with matched age and sex. The IL-17F rs763780 C containing genotypes (CT+CC) and C allele have statistically significant increased frequency in MS patients when compared with controls (p = 0.005 and 0.004 respectively) especially in females' patients (p = 0.005 and 0.006 respectively). The heterozygous CT genotype was associated with the presence of optic neuritis (p = 0.038). The multivariable regression analysis revealed significant associations between smoking, the higher frequency of attacks and the prediction of higher EDSS score (p = 0.032, 0.049 respectively). It can be concluded that the IL-17F rs763780 C containing genotypes (CT and CC) and C allele may be risk factors for the development of MS in the studied Egyptian cohort by a gender-dependent mechanism that contributes to tendency for predisposition in females and optic neuritis is more common in patients carrying the CT heterozygous genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Salah
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yousra I Sadeq
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Youssef M Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department and Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cells (MARC_CSC), Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim E H Elmenshawi
- Neurology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ziyad M E Tawhid
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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4
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Wyatt-Johnson SK, Afify R, Brutkiewicz RR. The immune system in neurological diseases: What innate-like T cells have to say. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:913-923. [PMID: 38365015 PMCID: PMC10999338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The immune system classically consists of 2 lines of defense, innate and adaptive, both of which interact with one another effectively to protect us against any pathogenic threats. Importantly, there is a diverse subset of cells known as innate-like T cells that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems and are pivotal players in eliciting inflammatory immune responses. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the regulatory impact of these innate-like T cells in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and that such immune cells can traffic into the brain in multiple pathological conditions, which can be typically attributed to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. However, until now, it has been poorly understood whether innate-like T cells have direct protective or causative properties, particularly in CNS diseases. Therefore, in this review, our attention is focused on discussing the critical roles of 3 unique subsets of unconventional T cells, namely, natural killer T cells, γδ T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, in the context of CNS diseases, disorders, and injuries and how the interplay of these immune cells modulates CNS pathology, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of their complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Season K Wyatt-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Reham Afify
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
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5
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Yazdanpanah E, Dadfar S, Shadab A, Orooji N, Nemati M, Pazoki A, Esmaeili SA, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Berberine: A natural modulator of immune cells in multiple sclerosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1213. [PMID: 38477663 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in such plants as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aristata, and others, revealing a variety of pharmacological properties as a result of interacting with different cellular and molecular targets. Recent studies have shown the immunomodulatory effects of Berberine which result from its impacts on immune cells and immune response mediators such as diverse T lymphocyte subsets, dendritic cells (DCs), and different inflammatory cytokines. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by the recruitment of autoreactive T cells into the CNS causing demyelination, axonal damage, and oligodendrocyte loss. There have been considerable changes discovered in MS regards to the function and frequency of T cell subsets such as Th1 cells, Th17 cells, Th2 cells, Treg cells, and DCs. In the current research, we reviewed the outcomes of in vitro, experimental, and clinical investigations concerning the modulatory effects that Berberine provides on the function and numbers of T cell subsets and DCs, as well as important cytokines that are involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Dadfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Orooji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - MohammadHossein Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pazoki
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Turner TA, Lehman P, Ghimire S, Shahi SK, Mangalam A. Game of microbes: the battle within - gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2387794. [PMID: 39114974 PMCID: PMC11313001 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2387794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to the pathobiology of the disease. While human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have emerged as the strongest genetic factor, consensus on environmental risk factors are lacking. Recently, trillions of microbes residing in our gut (microbiome) have emerged as a potential environmental factor linked with the pathobiology of MS as PwMS show gut microbial dysbiosis (altered gut microbiome). Thus, there has been a strong emphasis on understanding the factors (host and environmental) regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and the mechanism(s) through which gut microbes contribute to MS disease, especially through immune system modulation. A better understanding of these interactions will help harness the enormous potential of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach to treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Ara Turner
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter Lehman
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sudeep Ghimire
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Shailesh K. Shahi
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Experimental Pathology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Illes Z, Jørgensen MM, Bæk R, Bente LM, Lauridsen JT, Hyrlov KH, Aboo C, Baumbach J, Kacprowski T, Cotton F, Guttmann CRG, Stensballe A. New Enhancing MRI Lesions Associate with IL-17, Neutrophil Degranulation and Integrin Microparticles: Multi-Omics Combined with Frequent MRI in Multiple Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3170. [PMID: 38137391 PMCID: PMC10740934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-barrier (BBB) breakdown and active inflammation are hallmarks of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), but the molecular events contributing to the development of new lesions are not well explored. Leaky endothelial junctions are associated with increased production of endothelial-derived extracellular microvesicles (EVs) and result in the entry of circulating immune cells into the brain. MRI with intravenous gadolinium (Gd) can visualize acute blood-barrier disruption as the initial event of the evolution of new lesions. METHODS Here, weekly MRI with Gd was combined with proteomics, multiplex immunoassay, and endothelial stress-optimized EV array to identify early markers related to BBB disruption. Five patients with RMS with no disease-modifying treatment were monitored weekly using high-resolution 3T MRI scanning with intravenous gadolinium (Gd) for 8 weeks. Patients were then divided into three groups (low, medium, or high MRI activity) defined by the number of new, total, and maximally enhancing Gd-enhancing lesions and the number of new FLAIR lesions. Plasma samples taken at each MRI were analyzed for protein biomarkers of inflammation by quantitative proteomics, and cytokines using multiplex immunoassays. EVs were characterized with an optimized endothelial stress EV array based on exosome surface protein markers for the detection of soluble secreted EVs. RESULTS Proteomics analysis of plasma yielded quantitative information on 208 proteins at each patient time point (n = 40). We observed the highest number of unique dysregulated proteins (DEPs) and the highest functional enrichment in the low vs. high MRI activity comparison. Complement activation and complement/coagulation cascade were also strongly overrepresented in the low vs. high MRI activity comparison. Activation of the alternative complement pathway, pathways of blood coagulation, extracellular matrix organization, and the regulation of TLR and IGF transport were unique for the low vs. high MRI activity comparison as well, with these pathways being overrepresented in the patient with high MRI activity. Principal component analysis indicated the individuality of plasma profiles in patients. IL-17 was upregulated at all time points during 8 weeks in patients with high vs. low MRI activity. Hierarchical clustering of soluble markers in the plasma indicated that all four MRI outcomes clustered together with IL-17, IL-12p70, and IL-1β. MRI outcomes also showed clustering with EV markers CD62E/P, MIC A/B, ICAM-1, and CD42A. The combined cluster of these cytokines, EV markers, and MRI outcomes clustered also with IL-12p40 and IL-7. All four MRI outcomes correlated positively with levels of IL-17 (p < 0.001, respectively), and EV-ICAM-1 (p < 0.0003, respectively). IL-1β levels positively correlated with the number of new Gd-enhancing lesions (p < 0.01), new FLAIR lesions (p < 0.001), and total number of Gd-enhancing lesions (p < 0.05). IL-6 levels positively correlated with the number of new FLAIR lesions (p < 0.05). Random Forests and linear mixed models identified IL-17, CCL17/TARC, CCL3/MIP-1α, and TNF-α as composite biomarkers predicting new lesion evolution. CONCLUSIONS Combination of serial frequent MRI with proteome, neuroinflammation markers, and protein array data of EVs enabled assessment of temporal changes in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in RMS related to the evolution of new and enhancing lesions. Particularly, the Th17 pathway and IL-1β clustered and correlated with new lesions and Gd enhancement, indicating their importance in BBB disruption and initiating acute brain inflammation in MS. In addition to the Th17 pathway, abundant protein changes between MRI activity groups suggested the role of EVs and the coagulation system along with innate immune responses including acute phase proteins, complement components, and neutrophil degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Brain Research—Inter Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (M.M.J.); (R.B.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Bente
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.-M.B.); (T.K.)
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre for Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jørgen T. Lauridsen
- Department of Business and Economics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Kirsten H. Hyrlov
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christopher Aboo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408 Beijing, China
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.-M.B.); (T.K.)
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre for Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Francois Cotton
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, France/CREATIS, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Clinical Cancer Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Nguyen Ky M, Duran A, Hasantari I, Bru A, Deloire M, Brochet B, Ruet A, Schmitt N. Natalizumab Treatment Induces Proinflammatory CD4 T Cells Preferentially in the Integrin β7+ Compartment. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200166. [PMID: 37739811 PMCID: PMC10519437 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Natalizumab, a monoclonal humanized antibody targeting integrin α4, inhibits the transmigration of lymphocytes into the CNS by preventing the interaction of integrin α4β1 with V-CAM expressed on brain vascular endothelial cells. Although natalizumab treatment reduces the clinical relapse rate in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, its discontinuation after reactivation of the JC virus is associated with a rebound of the disease in 20% of patients. The mechanisms of this rebound are not elucidated, but natalizumab increases the frequencies of circulating CD4 T cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines as well as the proportion of circulating Th17/Th1 cells (Th1-like Th17 cells). Gut-derived memory CD4 T cells are a population of growing interest in the pathogenesis of MS, but whether and how their properties are affected by natalizumab is not known. Here, we studied the phenotype and cytokine expression profile of circulating gut-derived memory CD4 T cells in patients with relapsing-remitting MS under natalizumab. METHODS We identified gut-derived memory CD4 T cells by their expression of integrin β7 and compared their properties and those of integrin β7- memory CD4 T cells across healthy donors and patients with relapsing-remitting MS treated or not with natalizumab. We also compared the capacity of integrin β7- and integrin β7+ CD4 T-cell subsets to transmigrate in vitro across a model of blood-brain barrier. RESULTS The proportions of proinflammatory Th17/Th1 cells as well as of IL-17A+IFNγ+ and IL-17A+GM-CSF+ cells were higher in memory CD4 T cells expressing integrin β7 in patients receiving natalizumab compared with healthy donors and patients with relapsing-remitting MS not receiving natalizumab. By contrast, integrin β7 negative memory CD4 T cells only presented a modest increased in their proportion of Th17/Th1 cells under natalizumab. We further observed that integrin β7+ Th17/Th1 cells migrated as efficiently as integrin β7- Th17/Th1 across a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells. DISCUSSION Our study shows that circulating integrin β7+ memory CD4 T cells of patients with relapsing-remitting MS under natalizumab are enriched in proinflammatory cells supporting the hypothesis that integrin β7+ memory CD4 T cells could play a pathogenic role in the disease rebound observed at natalizumab discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Nguyen Ky
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Duran
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Iris Hasantari
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Bru
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Deloire
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Brochet
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélie Ruet
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Schmitt
- From the Immunoconcept (M.N.K., A.D., I.H., A.B., N.S.), CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux; Service de Neurologie (M.D., A.R.), CRC SEP, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux; and INSERM U 1215 (B.B., A.R.), Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France.
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Fan X, Shu P, Wang Y, Ji N, Zhang D. Interactions between neutrophils and T-helper 17 cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279837. [PMID: 37920459 PMCID: PMC10619153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils comprise the majority of immune cells in human peripheral circulation, have potent antimicrobial activities, and are clinically significant in their abundance, heterogeneity, and subcellular localization. In the past few years, the role of neutrophils as components of the innate immune response has been studied in numerous ways, and these cells are crucial in fighting infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17) are critical in fighting infections and maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis, whereas they mediate several autoimmune diseases. Neutrophils affect adaptive immune responses by interacting with adaptive immune cells. In this review, we describe the physiological roles of both Th17 cells and neutrophils and their interactions and briefly describe the pathological processes in which these two cell types participate. We provide a summary of relevant drugs targeting IL-17A and their clinical trials. Here, we highlight the interactions between Th17 cells and neutrophils in diverse pathophysiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzou Fan
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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10
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Brune-Ingebretsen S, Høgestøl EA, de Rosbo NK, Berg-Hansen P, Brunborg C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Paul F, Uccelli A, Villoslada P, Harbo HF, Berge T. Immune cell subpopulations and serum neurofilament light chain are associated with increased risk of disease worsening in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578175. [PMID: 37573634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes is lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood have been proposed as biomarkers for evaluation of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a biomarker reflecting neuro-axonal injury in MS that could be used to monitor disease activity, response to drugs and to prognosticate disease course. Here we show a moderate correlation between sNfL and lymphocyte cell subpopulations, and our data furthermore suggest that sNfL and specific immune cell subpopulations together could predict future disease worsening in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synne Brune-Ingebretsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Einar A Høgestøl
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Pål Berg-Hansen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pablo Villoslada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hanne F Harbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Berge
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Fathallah S, Abdellatif A, Saadeldin MK. Unleashing nature's potential and limitations: Exploring molecular targeted pathways and safe alternatives for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:42. [PMID: 37680650 PMCID: PMC10481116 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the limitations and obstacles of the available approaches and medications for multiple sclerosis (MS) that still cannot treat the disease, but only aid in accelerating the recovery from its attacks, the use of naturally occurring molecules as a potentially safe and effective treatment for MS is being explored in model organisms. MS is a devastating disease involving the brain and spinal cord, and its symptoms vary widely. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The present review showcases the recent advancements in harnessing nature's resources to combat MS. By deciphering the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, a wealth of potential therapeutic agents is uncovered that may revolutionize the treatment of MS. Thus, a new hope can be envisioned in the future, aiming at paving the way toward identifying novel safe alternatives to improve the lives of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fathallah
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdellatif
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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12
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Alsaad AMS, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Alomar HA, Ahmad SF. Histamine H4 Receptor Agonist, 4-Methylhistamine, Aggravates Disease Progression and Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12991. [PMID: 37629172 PMCID: PMC10455358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess the impact of 4-Methylhistamine (4-MeH), a specific agonist targeting the Histamine H4 Receptor (H4R), on the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and gain insight into the underlying mechanism. EAE is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. Over the past decade, pharmacological research into the H4R has gained significance in immune and inflammatory disorders. For this study, Swiss Jim Lambert EAE mice were treated with 4-MeH (30 mg/kg/day) via intraperitoneal administration from days 14 to 42, and the control group was treated with a vehicle. Subsequently, we evaluated the clinical scores. In addition, flow cytometry was employed to estimate the impact of 4-Methylhistamine (4-MeH) on NF-κB p65, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α within CD19+ and CXCR5+ spleen B cells. Additionally, we investigated the effect of 4-MeH on the mRNA expression levels of Nf-κB p65, Gmcsf, Mcp1, Il6, and Tnfα in the brain of mice using RT-PCR. Notably, the clinical scores of EAE mice treated with 4-MeH showed a significant increase compared with those treated with the vehicle. The percentage of cells expressing CD19+NF-κB p65+, CXCR5+NF-κB p65+, CD19+GM-CSF+, CXCR5+GM-CSF+, CD19+MCP-1+, CXCR5+MCP-1+, CD19+IL-6+, CXCR5+IL-6+, CD19+TNF-α+, and CXCR5+TNF-α+ exhibited was more pronounced in 4-MeH-treated EAE mice when compared to vehicle-treated EAE mice. Moreover, the administration of 4-MeH led to increased expression of NfκB p65, Gmcsf, Mcp1, Il6, and Tnfα mRNA in the brains of EAE mice. This means that the H4R agonist promotes pro-inflammatory mediators aggravating EAE symptoms. Our results indicate the harmful role of H4R agonists in the pathogenesis of MS in an EAE mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Xavier A, Maltby VE, Ewing E, Campagna MP, Burnard SM, Tegner JN, Slee M, Butzkueven H, Kockum I, Kular L, Jokubaitis VG, Kilpatrick T, Alfredsson L, Jagodic M, Ponsonby AL, Taylor BV, Scott RJ, Lea RA, Lechner-Scott J. DNA Methylation Signatures of Multiple Sclerosis Occur Independently of Known Genetic Risk and Are Primarily Attributed to B Cells and Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12576. [PMID: 37628757 PMCID: PMC10454485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms can regulate how DNA is expressed independently of sequence and are known to be associated with various diseases. Among those epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation (DNAm) is influenced by genotype and the environment, making it an important molecular interface for studying disease etiology and progression. In this study, we examined the whole blood DNA methylation profiles of a large group of people with (pw) multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to those of controls. We reveal that methylation differences in pwMS occur independently of known genetic risk loci and show that they more strongly differentiate disease (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.89, p = 1.22 × 10-29) than known genetic risk loci (AUC = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76, p = 9.07 × 10-17). We also show that methylation differences in MS occur predominantly in B cells and monocytes and indicate the involvement of cell-specific biological pathways. Overall, this study comprehensively characterizes the immune cell-specific epigenetic architecture of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Xavier
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Vicki E. Maltby
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Maria Pia Campagna
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
| | - Sean M. Burnard
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Jesper N. Tegner
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, L8:05, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavagen 23A, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mark Slee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
- MSBase Foundation, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Vilija G. Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (M.P.C.); (H.B.); (V.G.J.)
| | - Trevor Kilpatrick
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (E.E.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (L.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.K.); (A.-L.P.)
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce V. Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.X.); (S.M.B.); (R.J.S.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rodney A. Lea
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Jeannette Lechner-Scott
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (V.E.M.); (R.A.L.)
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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14
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Bronzini M, Maglione A, Rosso R, Matta M, Masuzzo F, Rolla S, Clerico M. Feeding the gut microbiome: impact on multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176016. [PMID: 37304278 PMCID: PMC10248010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation and immune-driven demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). The rising number of MS cases in the last decade could be partially attributed to environmental changes, among which the alteration of the gut microbiome driven by novel dietary habits is now of particular interest. The intent of this review is to describe how diet can impact the development and course of MS by feeding the gut microbiome. We discuss the role of nutrition and the gut microbiota in MS disease, describing preclinical studies on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and clinical studies on dietary interventions in MS, with particular attention to gut metabolites-immune system interactions. Possible tools that target the gut microbiome in MS, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, are analyzed as well. Finally, we discuss the open questions and the prospects of these microbiome-targeted therapies for people with MS and for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bronzini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rachele Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Manuela Matta
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
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15
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Zheng Y, Hu L, Yang Y, Zheng C, Tu W, Lin H, Wang H, Jiang Y, Jiang S, Zheng W. Blocking the IFN-gamma signal in the choroid plexus confers resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22833. [PMID: 36921064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201767r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). IFN-gamma (IFN-γ), a critically important immunomodulator, has been widely studied in MS pathology. The confusing and complex effects of IFN-γ in MS patients and rodent models, however, cause us to look more closely at its exact role in MS. In this study, we identified the role of the IFN-γ signaling in the choroid plexus (CP) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. We found that the IFN-γ signal was rapidly amplified when CNS immune cell infiltration occurred in the CP during the progressive stage. Furthermore, using two CP-specific knockdown strategies, we demonstrated that blocking the IFN-γ signal via knockdown of IFN-γR1 in the CP could protect mice against EAE pathology, as evidenced by improvements in clinical scores and infiltration. Notably, knocking down IFN-γR1 in the CP reduced the local expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines. This finding suggests that IFN-γ signaling in the CP may participate in the pathological process of EAE by preventing pathological T helper (Th) 17+ cells from infiltrating into the CNS. Finally, we showed that the unbalanced state of IFN-γ signaling between peripheral lymphocytes and the choroid plexus may determine whether IFN-γ has a protective or aggravating effect on EAE pathology. Above all, we discovered that IFN-γR1-mediated IFN-γ signaling in the CP was a vital pathway in the pathological process of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Zheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial and pathological roles for innate immune genes and immune cells, including peripheral immune cells such as T cells, which can infiltrate the brain and either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support a neuroimmune axis of AD, in which the interplay of adaptive and innate immune systems inside and outside the brain critically impacts the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss the complexities of AD neuropathology at the levels of genetics and cellular physiology, highlighting immune signaling pathways and genes associated with AD risk and interactions among both innate and adaptive immune cells in the AD brain. We emphasize the role of peripheral immune cells in AD and the mechanisms by which immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes, influence AD neuropathology, including microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide, the key component of β-amyloid plaque cores, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of microglia, astrogliosis, and their interactions with the brain vasculature. Finally, we review the challenges and outlook for establishing immune-based therapies for treating and preventing AD.
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18
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Angelini G, Bani A, Constantin G, Rossi B. The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1101379. [PMID: 36874213 PMCID: PMC9975172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) represent two complex structures protecting the central nervous system (CNS) against potentially harmful agents and circulating immune cells. The immunosurveillance of the CNS is governed by immune cells that constantly patrol the BCSFB, whereas during neuroinflammatory disorders, both BBB and BCSFB undergo morphological and functional alterations, promoting leukocyte intravascular adhesion and transmigration from the blood circulation into the CNS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototype of neuroinflammatory disorders in which peripheral T helper (Th) lymphocytes, particularly Th1 and Th17 cells, infiltrate the CNS and contribute to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Th1 and Th17 cells are considered key players in the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. They can actively interact with CNS borders by complex adhesion mechanisms and secretion of a variety of molecules contributing to barrier dysfunction. In this review, we describe the molecular basis involved in the interactions between Th cells and CNS barriers and discuss the emerging roles of dura mater and arachnoid layer as neuroimmune interfaces contributing to the development of CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bani
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Reiszadeh-Jahromi S, Haddadi M, Mousavi P, Sanadgol N. Prophylactic effects of cucurbitacin B in the EAE Model of multiple sclerosis by adjustment of STAT3/IL-23/IL-17 axis and improvement of neuropsychological symptoms. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2937-2953. [PMID: 36287356 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Although remarkable progress has been made in treating MS, current therapies are less effective in protecting against the progression of the disease. Since cucurbitacins have shown an extreme range of pharmacological properties, in this study, we aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of cucurbitacin B (CuB) in the experimental MS model. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by subcutaneous immunization of MOG35-55 in C57BL/6 mice. CuB interventions (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) were performed every other day from the first day of EAE induction. Assessment of clinical scores and motor function, inflammatory responses, and microglial activation were assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. CuB (1 mg/kg) significantly decreased the population of CD45+ (P < 0.01), CD11b+ (P < 0.01) and CD45+/CD11b+ (P < 0.05) cells in cortical lesions of EAE mice. In addition, activation of STAT3 (P < 0.001), expression of IL-17 A and IL-23 A (both mRNA and protein), and transcription of Iba-1 significantly decreased. On the contrary, CuB (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the transcription of MBP and Olig-2. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the severity of EAE (P < 0.05), and an improvement in motor function (P < 0.05) and coordination (P < 0.05) were observed after treatment with a high dose of CuB. Our results suggest that CuB may have a wide-ranging effect on autoimmune responses in MS via a reduction in STAT3 activation, microgliosis, and adaptation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact effect of CuB in glial cells and its efficiency and bioavailability in other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Haddadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Pegah Mousavi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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20
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Pérez-Cruz M, Iliopoulou BP, Hsu K, Wu HH, Erkers T, Swaminathan K, Tang SW, Bader CS, Kambham N, Xie B, Dekruyff RH, Freeman GJ, Meyer E. Immunoregulatory effects of RGMb in gut inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960329. [PMID: 36420263 PMCID: PMC9676481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Current strategies to prevent GvHD with immunosuppressive drugs carry significant morbidity and may affect the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition that affects more than 2 million people in the United States. Current strategies to prevent colitis with immunosuppressive drugs carry significant morbidity. Recently, Repulsive Guidance Molecule b (RGMb) has been identified as part of a signaling hub with neogenin and BMP receptors in mice and humans. In addition, RGMb binds BMP-2/4 in mice and humans as well as PD-L2 in mice. RGMb is expressed in the gut epithelium and by antigen presenting cells, and we found significantly increased expression in mouse small intestine after total body irradiation HCT conditioning. We hypothesized that RGMb may play a role in GvHD and IBD pathogenesis by contributing to mucosal inflammation. Using major-mismatched HCT mouse models, treatment with an anti-RGMb monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks the interaction with BMP-2/4 and neogenin prevented GvHD and improved survival compared to isotype control (75% versus 30% survival at 60 days after transplantation). The GVT effect was retained in tumor models. Using an inflammatory bowel disease dextran sulfate sodium model, treatment with anti-RGMb blocking monoclonal antibody but not isotype control prevented colitis and improved survival compared to control (73% versus 33% at 21 days after treatment) restoring gut homeostasis. Anti-RGMb mAb (9D1) treatment decreased IFN-γ and significantly increased IL-5 and IL-10 in the gut of the treated mice compared to the isotype control treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bettina P. Iliopoulou
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katie Hsu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Hsu Wu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tom Erkers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kavya Swaminathan
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cameron S. Bader
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Neeraja Kambham
- Department of Developmental biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bryan Xie
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rosemarie H. Dekruyff
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Everett Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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21
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Ghadiri F, Ebadi Z, Asadollahzadeh E, Naser Moghadasi A. Gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis-related cognitive impairment. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104165. [PMID: 36152393 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognition is one of the most evaluated neurologic subjects with which the gut microbiome is supposed to be associated. Cognitive impairment is a prevalent finding in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we are about to study the current evidence on the effect of gut microbiota on cognition and MS. Although no direct evidence is in hand, putting all indirect research together, one could think of the hypothetical benefit of brain-gut axis interventions (possibly diet changes, probiotic administration, microbiota transplant) to solve the drastic problem of cognitive impairment in MS. Hence, researchers are encouraged to scan this horizon in order to fill the knowledge gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ghadiri
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Asadollahzadeh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Shi Y, Wei B, Li L, Wang B, Sun M. Th17 cells and inflammation in neurological disorders: Possible mechanisms of action. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932152. [PMID: 35935951 PMCID: PMC9353135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) are one of the leading causes of global death. A sustained neuroinflammatory response has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple NDs, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence shows that the recruitment of abundant lymphocytes in the central nervous system may contribute to promoting the development and progress of inflammation in neurological disorders. As one subset of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells have a critical impact on the inflammation of neurological disorders. T helper (Th) 17 is one of the most studied CD4+ Th subpopulations that produces cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-6, and IFN-γ), leading to the abnormal neuroinflammatory response including the excessive activation of microglia and the recruitment of other immune cell types. All these factors are involved in several neurological disorders. However, the possible mechanisms of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in the immunopathology of the abovementioned neurological disorders have not been clarified completely. This review will summarize the mechanisms by which encephalitogenic inflammatory Th17 cells and their related cytokines strongly contribute to chronic neuroinflammation, thus perpetuating neurodegenerative processes in NDs. Finally, the potential therapeutic prospects of Th17 cells and their cytokines in NDs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Wang
- *Correspondence: Miao Sun, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Miao Sun
- *Correspondence: Miao Sun, ; Bin Wang,
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23
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Wang X, Liang Z, Wang S, Ma D, Zhu M, Feng J. Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 34191698 PMCID: PMC9881072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210629145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota have also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
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24
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Ebrahimzadeh F, Mohammadi H, Askari E, Pahlavani N, Malekahmadi M, Ebrahimi Nik M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. A comprehensive review of chemokine CXC17 (VCC1) in cancer, infection, and inflammation. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1557-1570. [PMID: 35811438 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A crucial component of the immune system are chemokiness. Chemokine's dysregulation has been linked to a number of pathological diseases. Recently, CXCL17, a chemokine belonging to the CXC subfamily, was identified. With regard to a number of physiological conditions and disorders, CXCL17 either has homeostatic or pathogenic effects. Some research suggests that CXCL17 is an orphan ligand, despite the fact that G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 35 has been suggested as a possible receptor for CXCL17. Since CXCL17 is primarily secreted by mucosal epithelia, such as those in the digestive and respiratory tracts, under physiological circumstances, this chemokine is referred to as a mucosal chemokine. Macrophages and monocytes are the cells that express GPR35 and hence react to CXCL17. In homeostatic conditions, this chemokine has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and chemotactic properties. CXCL17 promotes angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation in pathologic circumstances like malignancies. However, other studies suggest that CXCL17 may have anti-tumor properties. Additionally, studies have shown that CXCL17 may have a role in conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and systemic sclerosis. Additionally, deregulation of CXCL17 in some diseases may serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of CXCL17's activity in homeostatic and pathological situations may thus increase our understanding of its role and hold promise for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Elham Askari
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi Nik
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using AAV gene therapy by blocking T cell costimulatory pathways. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:461-475. [PMID: 35615707 PMCID: PMC9118358 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammation and demyelination. Presently, repeated relapses of MS necessitate long-term immune-regulatory therapy. Blocking the CD28-B7 and CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathways is an effective and synergistic method for the prevention and amelioration of clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. In this study, to explore the efficacy and safety of MS gene therapy, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector to deliver CTLA4-immunoglobulin (Ig) or CD40-Ig on the EAE induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Our results showed that a single administration of AAV8-CTLA4-Ig, either alone or with AAV8-CD40-Ig, protected mice from EAE and reversed disease progression. Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, inhibition of MOG antibody response, and downregulation of neuroinflammation were observed in mice receiving AAV, suggesting that autoimmunity was suppressed in EAE pathology. Moreover, no hematological or hepatic toxicity was observed in AAV-treated mice. Thus, compared with treatment with recombinant CTLA4-Ig (belatacept), AAV gene therapy could effectively control clinical symptoms and suppress autoimmunity in the long term. In summary, our study provides a potential therapeutic method for blocking T cell costimulation for the treatment of MS via gene therapy.
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26
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Fu J, Huang Y, Bao T, Liu C, Liu X, Chen X. The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:98. [PMID: 35459141 PMCID: PMC9034482 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive loss of certain populations of neurons, which eventually lead to dysfunction. These diseases include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immune pathway dysregulation is one of the common features of neurodegeneration. Recently, there is growing interest in the specific role of T helper Th 17 cells and Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), the most important cytokine of Th 17 cells, in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we summarized current knowledge about the function of Th17/IL-17A, the physiology of Th17/IL-17A in diseases, and the contribution of Th17/IL-17A in AD, PD, and ALS. We also update the findings on IL-17A-targeting drugs as potentially immunomodulatory therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. Although the specific mechanism of Th17/IL-17A in this group of diseases is still controversial, uncovering the molecular pathways of Th17/IL-17A in neurodegeneration allows the identification of suitable targets to modulate these cellular processes. Therapeutics targeting IL-17A might represent potentially novel anti-neurodegeneration drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37#, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L, Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M, Reddy S. Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmunity: A Veiled Relationship. Cureus 2022; 14:e24294. [PMID: 35607574 PMCID: PMC9123335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory illness that affects the central nervous system (CNS) when the body's immune system attacks its tissue. It is characterized by demyelination and varying degrees of axonal loss. This article has compiled various studies elaborating MS and other autoimmune diseases (ADs) co-occurrence. Several conditions that fall into this category, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and many others, are found in MS patients and their relatives, suggesting one or more common etiologic mechanisms, including genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, supporting the concept of a possible influence of poly-autoimmunity on MS and the rest of ADs, as well as providing a significant feature for early detection of the disease and also a potential treatment option by clinical neurologists.
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28
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Piacente F, Bottero M, Benzi A, Vigo T, Uccelli A, Bruzzone S, Ferrara G. Neuroprotective Potential of Dendritic Cells and Sirtuins in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084352. [PMID: 35457169 PMCID: PMC9025744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, including parenchymal microglia, perivascular and meningeal macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), are present in the central nervous system (CNS) and establish an intricate relationship with other cells, playing a crucial role both in health and in neurological diseases. In this context, DCs are critical to orchestrating the immune response linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. Under steady-state conditions, DCs patrol the CNS, sampling their local environment and acting as sentinels. During neuroinflammation, the resulting activation of DCs is a critical step that drives the inflammatory response or the resolution of inflammation with the participation of different cell types of the immune system (macrophages, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes), resident cells of the CNS and soluble factors. Although the importance of DCs is clearly recognized, their exact function in CNS disease is still debated. In this review, we will discuss modern concepts of DC biology in steady-state and during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Here, we will also address some key aspects involving DCs in CNS patrolling, highlighting the neuroprotective nature of DCs and emphasizing their therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurological conditions. Recently, inhibition of the NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylase sirtuin 6 was demonstrated to delay the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, by dampening DC trafficking towards inflamed LNs. Thus, a special focus will be dedicated to sirtuins’ role in DCs functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marta Bottero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Andrea Benzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Tiziana Vigo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Uccelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.P.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)10-353-8150
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (T.V.); (A.U.); (G.F.)
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29
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Rolla S, De Mercanti SF, Bardina V, Maglione A, Taverna D, Novelli F, Cocco E, Vladic A, Habek M, Adamec I, Annovazzi POL, Horakova D, Clerico M. Long-Term Effects of Alemtuzumab on CD4+ Lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A 72-Month Follow-Up. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818325. [PMID: 35296069 PMCID: PMC8919044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alemtuzumab is highly effective in the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (PwRMS) and selectively targets the CD52 antigen, with a consequent profound lymphopenia, particularly of CD4+ T lymphocytes. However, the immunological basis of its long-term efficacy has not been clearly elucidated. Methods We followed up 29 alemtuzumab-treated RMS patients over a period of 72 months and studied the immunological reconstitution of their CD4+ T cell subsets by means of phenotypic and functional analysis and through mRNA-related molecule expression, comparing them to healthy subject (HS) values (rate 2:1). Results In patients receiving only two-course alemtuzumab, the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes decreased and returned to basal levels only at month 48. Immune reconstitution of the CD4+ subsets was characterized by a significant increase (p < 0.001) in Treg cell percentage at month 24, when compared to baseline, and was accompanied by restoration of the Treg suppressor function that increased within a range from 2- to 6.5-fold compared to baseline and that persisted through to the end of the follow-up. Furthermore, a significant decrease in self-reactive myelin basic protein-specific Th17 (p < 0.0001) and Th1 (p < 0.05) cells reaching HS values was observed starting from month 12. There was a change in mRNA of cytokines, chemokines, and transcriptional factors related to Th17, Th1, and Treg cell subset changes, consequently suggesting a shift toward immunoregulation and a reduction of T cell recruitment to the central nervous system. Conclusions These data provide further insight into the mechanism that could contribute to the long-term 6-year persistence of the clinical effect of alemtuzumab on RMS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Rolla,
| | | | - Valentina Bardina
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anton Vladic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh Zagreb and Medical Faculty, University J.J Strossmayer Osijek, Prague, Croatia
| | - Mario Habek
- Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Adamec
- Referral Center for Autonomic Nervous System, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Dana Horakova
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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30
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Genetic analysis of IL4 (rs2070874), IL17A (rs2275913), and IL33 (rs7044343) polymorphisms in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients by using T-plex real-time PCR method. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Jones BE, Maerz MD, Bahnson HT, Somasundaram A, McCarthy LH, Speake C, Buckner JH. Fewer LAG-3 + T Cells in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:594-602. [PMID: 35022272 PMCID: PMC8820445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The coinhibitory receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule that negatively regulates T cell activation, proliferation, and homeostasis. Blockade or deletion of LAG-3 in autoimmune-prone backgrounds or induced-disease models has been shown to exacerbate disease. We observed significantly fewer LAG-3+ CD4 and CD8 T cells from subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and type 1 diabetes. Low LAG-3 protein expression was linked to alterations in mRNA expression and not cell surface cleavage. Functional studies inhibiting LAG-3 suggest that in subjects with RRMS, LAG-3 retains its ability to suppress T cell proliferation. However, LAG-3 expression was associated with the expression of markers of apoptosis, indicating a role for low LAG-3 in T cell resistance to cell death. In T cells from subjects with RRMS, we observed a global dysregulation of LAG-3 expression stemming from decreased transcription and persisting after T cell stimulation. These findings further support the potential clinical benefits of a LAG-3 agonist in the treatment of human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta E Jones
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Megan D Maerz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Henry T Bahnson
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lucas H McCarthy
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA;
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32
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Visweswaran M, Hendrawan K, Massey JC, Khoo ML, Ford CD, Zaunders JJ, Withers B, Sutton IJ, Ma DDF, Moore JJ. Sustained immunotolerance in multiple sclerosis after stem cell transplant. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:206-220. [PMID: 35106961 PMCID: PMC8862434 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) has the potential to induce sustained periods of disease remission in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterised by demyelination and axonal degeneration. However, the mechanisms associated with durable treatment responses in MS require further elucidation. Methods To characterise the longer term immune reconstitution effects of AHSCT at 24 and 36 months (M) post‐transplant, high‐dimensional immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 MS patients was performed using two custom‐designed 18‐colour flow cytometry panels. Results The higher baseline frequencies of specific pro‐inflammatory immune cells (T‐helper‐17 (Th17) cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells and CNS‐homing T‐conventional (T‐conv) cells observed in MS patients were decreased post‐AHSCT by 36M. This was accompanied by a post‐AHSCT increase in frequencies and absolute counts of immunoregulatory CD56hi natural killer cells at 24M and terminally differentiated CD8+CD28−CD57+ cells until 36M. A sustained increase in the proportion of naïve B‐cells, with persistent depletion of memory B‐cells and plasmablasts was observed until 36M. Reconstitution of the B‐cell repertoire was accompanied by a reduction in the frequency of circulating T‐follicular helper cells (cTfh) expressing programmed cell death‐1 (PD1+) at 36M. Associations between frequency dynamics and clinical outcomes indicated only responder patients to exhibit a decrease in Th17, CNS‐homing T‐conv and PD1+ cTfh pro‐inflammatory subsets at 36M, and an increase in CD39+ T‐regulatory cells at 24M. Interpretation AHSCT induces substantial recalibration of pro‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory components of the immune system of MS patients for up to 36M post‐transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Visweswaran
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Hendrawan
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Massey
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa L Khoo
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carole D Ford
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John J Zaunders
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Withers
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian J Sutton
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David D F Ma
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John J Moore
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Spontaneous CD4+ T Cell Activation and Differentiation in Lupus-Prone B6.Nba2 Mice Is IFNAR-Independent. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020874. [PMID: 35055071 PMCID: PMC8778657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated T and B lymphocytes. Type I interferons (IFN-I) have been shown to play important pathogenic roles in both SLE patients and mouse models of lupus. Recent studies have shown that B cell intrinsic responses to IFN-I are enough to drive B cell differentiation into autoantibody-secreting memory B cells and plasma cells, although lower levels of residual auto-reactive cells remain present. We speculated that IFN-I stimulation of T cells would similarly drive specific T-cell associated lupus phenotypes including the upregulation of T follicular helper cells and Th17, thereby affecting autoantibody production and the development of glomerulonephritis. Using the B6.Nba2 mouse model of lupus, we evaluated disease parameters in T cell specific IFN-I receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice (cKO). Surprisingly, all measured CD4+ T cell abnormalities and associated intra-splenic cytokine levels (IFNγ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-21) were unchanged and thus independent of IFN-I. In contrast B6.Nba2 cKO mice displayed reduced levels of effector CD8+ T cells and increased levels of Foxp3+ CD8+ regulatory T cells, suggesting that IFN-I induced signaling specifically affecting CD8+ T cells. These data suggest a role for both pathogenic and immunosuppressive CD8+ T cells in Nba2-driven autoimmunity, providing a model to further evaluate the role of these cell subsets during lupus-like disease development in vivo.
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Lambert K, Moo KG, Arnett A, Goel G, Hu A, Flynn KJ, Speake C, Wiedeman AE, Gersuk VH, Linsley PS, Greenbaum CJ, Long SA, Partridge R, Buckner JH, Khor B. Deep immune phenotyping reveals similarities between aging, Down syndrome, and autoimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi4888. [PMID: 35020411 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lambert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Keagan G Moo
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Azlann Arnett
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alex Hu
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Flynn
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Alice E Wiedeman
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Vivian H Gersuk
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Peter S Linsley
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - S Alice Long
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Rebecca Partridge
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Mason Medical Center, 100 N.E. Gilman Blvd., Issaquah, WA 98027, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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35
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Charabati M, Grasmuck C, Ghannam S, Bourbonnière L, Fournier AP, Lécuyer MA, Tastet O, Kebir H, Rébillard RM, Hoornaert C, Gowing E, Larouche S, Fortin O, Pittet C, Filali-Mouhim A, Lahav B, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Girard M, Duquette P, Cayrol R, Peelen E, Quintana FJ, Antel JP, Flügel A, Larochelle C, Arbour N, Zandee S, Prat A. DICAM promotes T H17 lymphocyte trafficking across the blood-brain barrier during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj0473. [PMID: 34985970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Camille Grasmuck
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Soufiane Ghannam
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Antoine P Fournier
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lécuyer
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Olivier Tastet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hania Kebir
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rose-Marie Rébillard
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chloé Hoornaert
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Fortin
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Camille Pittet
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Boaz Lahav
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Robert Moumdjian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Division of Neurosurgery, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal and CHUM, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Peelen
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Carter for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen D-37073, Germany
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada
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Karimi L, Eskandari N, Shaygannejad V. The Effect of Interferon-Beta Therapy on T-Helper 17/miR-326 and T-Helper 1/miR-29b-3p Axis in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:177-185. [PMID: 34808619 DOI: 10.1159/000519777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of interferon-beta (IFN-β) on hsa-miR29b-3p and hsa-miR326 in isolated T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells expressed by relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients before and after 1 year of treatment with IFN-β. METHODS The study was done on 19 RRMS patients pre- and posttreatment with IFN-β to evaluate the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells by flow cytometry. The expression level of hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-326 in isolated Th1 and Th17 cells was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also used to measure the plasma levels of I interferon -gamma and interleukin (IL)-17A. RESULTS Th17 cells and plasma levels of IL-17A decreased in RRMS patients after IFN-β therapy but hsa-miR-29b-3p and hsa-miR-326 expression had no significant change in treated RRMS patients versus baseline. MxA gene expression was significantly induced upon IFN-β therapy in patients with RRMS. CONCLUSION IFN-β therapy is more effective on Th17 than Th1, but it does not reform altered expression of hsa-miR-326 and hsa-miR-29b-3p in Th17 and Th1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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37
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Dobreanu M, Manu DR, Mănescu IB, Gabor MR, Huţanu A, Bărcuţean L, Bălaşa R. Treatment With Cladribine Selects IFNγ+IL17+ T Cells in RRMS Patients - An In Vitro Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:743010. [PMID: 34970256 PMCID: PMC8712887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable autoimmune disease mediated by a heterogeneous T cell population (CD3+CD161+CXCR3−CCR6+IFNγ−IL17+, CD3+CXCR3+CCR6+IFNγ+IL17+, and CD3+CXCR3+IFNγ+IL17− phenotypes) that infiltrates the central nervous system, eliciting local inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. Cladribine is a lymphocyte-depleting deoxyadenosine analogue recently introduced for MS therapy as a Disease Modifying Drug (DMD). Our aim was to establish a method for the early identification and prediction of cladribine responsiveness among MS patients. Methods An experimental model was designed to study the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effect of cladribine. T cell subsets of naïve relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients were analyzed ex vivo and in vitro comparatively to healthy controls (HC). Surviving cells were stimulated with rh-interleukin-2 for up to 14days. Cell proliferation and immunophenotype changes were analyzed after maximal (phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin/monensin) and physiological T-cell receptor (CD3/CD28) activation, using multiparametric flow cytometry and xMAP technology. Results Ex vivo CD161+Th17 cells were increased in RRMS patients. Ex vivo to in vitro phenotype shifts included: decreased CD3+CCR6+ and CD3+CD161+ in all subjects and increased CD3+CXCR3+ in RRMS patients only; Th17.1 showed increased proliferation vs Th17 in all subjects; CD3+IL17+ and CD3+IFNγ+IL17+ continued to proliferate till day 14, CD3+IFNγ+ only till day 7. Regarding cladribine exposure: RRMS CD3+ cells were more resistant compared to HC; treated CD3+ cells proliferated continuously for up to 14 days, while untreated cells only up to 7 days; both HC/RRMS CD3+CXCR3+ populations increased from baseline till day 14; in RRMS patients vs HC, IL17 secretion from cladribine-treated cells increased significantly, in line with the observed proliferation of CD3+IL17+ and CD3+IFNγ+IL17+ cells; in both HC/RRMS, cladribine led to a significant increase in CD3+IFNγ+ cells at day 7 only, having no further effect at day14. IFNγ and IL17 secreted in culture media decreased significantly from ex vivo to in vitro. Conclusions CD3+ subtypes showed different responsiveness due to selectivity of cladribine action, in most patients leading to in vitro survival/proliferation of lymphocyte subsets known as pathogenic in MS. This in vitro experimental model is a promising tool for the prediction of individual responsiveness of MS patients to cladribine and other DMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minodora Dobreanu
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Clinical Laboratory, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Doina Ramona Manu
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ion Bogdan Mănescu
- Clinical Laboratory, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Manuela Rozalia Gabor
- Department of Management and Economy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adina Huţanu
- Clinical Laboratory, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Laura Bărcuţean
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Department of Neurology, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Rodica Bălaşa
- Neurology 1 Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania.,Department of Neurology, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
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Dauvergne M, Buob D, Rafat C, Hennino MF, Lemoine M, Audard V, Chauveau D, Ribes D, Cornec-Le Gall E, Daugas E, Pillebout E, Vuiblet V, Boffa JJ. Renal diseases secondary to interferon-β treatment: a multicentre clinico-pathological study and systematic literature review. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2563-2572. [PMID: 34950468 PMCID: PMC8690152 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spectrum of interferon-β (IFN-β)-associated nephropathy remains poorly described and the potential features of this uncommon association remain to be determined. Methods In this study we retrospectively analysed the clinical, laboratory, histological and therapeutic data of patients with biopsy-proven renal disease in a context of IFN-β treatment administered for at least 6 months. Results Eighteen patients (13 women, median age 48 years) with biopsy-proven renal disease occurring during IFN-β therapy were included. The median exposure to IFN-β (14 patients were treated with IFN-β1a and 4 patients with IFN-β1b) was 67 months (range 23–165 months). The clinical presentation consists in hypertension (HT; 83%), malignant HT (44%), proteinuria (protU) >1 g/g (94%), reduced renal function (78%), biological hallmark suggesting thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA; 61%), oedematous syndrome (17%) or nephritic syndrome (11%). The pathological findings included typical features of isolated TMAs in 11 cases, isolated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesions in 2 cases and 5 cases with concomitant TMA and FSGS lesions. An exploration of the alternative complement pathway performed in 10 cases (63%) did not identify mutations in genes that regulate the complement system. The statistical analysis highlighted that the occurrence of IFN-β-associated TMA was significantly associated with Rebif, with a weekly dose >50 µg and with multiple weekly injections. In all cases, IFN-β therapy was discontinued. Patients with TMA lesions received other therapies, including corticosteroids (44%), eculizumab (13%) and plasma exchanges (25%). At the end of a 36-month median follow-up, persistent HT and persistent protU were observed in 61% and 22% of patients, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was present in 61% of patients. Conclusions IFN-β-associated nephropathy must be sought in the case of HT and/or protU onset during treatment. When TMA and/or FSGS are observed on renal biopsy, early discontinuation of IFN-β is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dauvergne
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses, Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Rafat
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Urgences Néphrologiques et Transplantation Rénale, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Flore Hennino
- Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Service de Néphrologie, Valenciennes, France
| | - Mathilde Lemoine
- CHU de Rouen, Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Centre de Référence Maladie Rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Innovative Therapy for Immune Disorders, Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Chauveau
- CHU Rangueil, Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes et Centre de Référence Maladies Rénales Rares SORARE, Toulouse, France
| | - David Ribes
- CHU Rangueil, Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'Organes et Centre de Référence Maladies Rénales Rares SORARE, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Eric Daugas
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Néphrologie, Paris, France
| | - Evangéline Pillebout
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service de Néphrologie, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vuiblet
- Département de Néphro-Pathologie, Unité de Pathologie, CHU Reims, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Néphrologie et Dialyses, Paris, France
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Najafi S, Saadat P, Moghadam NB, Manoucherinia A, Aghazadeh Z, Mohammadi AV, Noorbakhsh SM, Movahedi M, Moghaddam MRN, Pashaiefar H, Mirshafiey A. The effects of mannuronic acid on IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 gene expression and TLR2 and TLR4 molecules in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 62:762-769. [PMID: 34825387 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurologic disease defined by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) comes with variable degrees of axonal and neuronal damage. The efficacy of β-D-Mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel drug with immunosuppressive properties, patented (PCT/EP2017/067920), has been shown in experimental model of MS. In this study, the effects of M2000 on IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 gene expression and TLR2 and TLR4 molecules in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients have been evaluated. In this study, 14 SPMS patients and 14 healthy subjects (as control group) were entered from the phase 2 clinical trial (Clinical Trial identifier, IRCT2016111313739N6). The gene expression of IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 was assessed at the baseline and then measured after 6 months of therapy with M2000, by using quantitative real-time PCR method. Moreover, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) were evaluated by flow cytometry method. The gene expression of IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 in MS patients decreased after six months of therapy with M2000 comparing before treatment. Also, the gene expression of IL-1β, decreased numerically after six months. Furthermore, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBMCs of the patients declined when compared to baseline. The results of this investigation revealed that M2000 could downregulate IL-17, STAT1 and STAT3 genes in SPMS patients and also reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBMCs. Moreover, M2000 declined numerically IL-β gene expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manoucherinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Pashaiefar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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40
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Onisiforou A, Spyrou GM. Identification of viral-mediated pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases using network-based approaches. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab141. [PMID: 34237135 PMCID: PMC8574625 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of a viral infection, virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a critical role in allowing viruses to replicate and survive within the host. These interspecies molecular interactions can lead to viral-mediated perturbations of the human interactome causing the generation of various complex diseases. Evidences suggest that viral-mediated perturbations are a possible pathogenic etiology in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). These diseases are characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of neurons, and current therapeutic approaches provide only mild symptomatic relief; therefore, there is unmet need for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions. In this paper, we initially review databases and tools that can be utilized to investigate viral-mediated perturbations in complex NDs using network-based analysis by examining the interaction between the ND-related PPI disease networks and the virus-host PPI network. Afterwards, we present our theoretical-driven integrative network-based bioinformatics approach that accounts for pathogen-genes-disease-related PPIs with the aim to identify viral-mediated pathogenic mechanisms focusing in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. We identified seven high centrality nodes that can act as disease communicator nodes and exert systemic effects in the MS-enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways network. In addition, we identified 12 KEGG pathways, 5 Reactome pathways and 52 Gene Ontology Immune System Processes by which 80 viral proteins from eight viral species might exert viral-mediated pathogenic mechanisms in MS. Finally, our analysis highlighted the Th17 differentiation pathway, a disease communicator node and part of the 12 underlined KEGG pathways, as a key viral-mediated pathogenic mechanism and a possible therapeutic target for MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onisiforou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, and the Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, and professor at the Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus
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41
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Ghasempour G, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Shojaei S, Rahmani-Fard S, Bagherieh M, Rashno S, Najafi M. Vitamin D3 and estradiol alter PAD2 expression and activity levels in C6 glioma cells. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103221. [PMID: 34461573 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is known as a chronic demyelinating disease with multifactorial etiology. It is suggested that the deimination of myelin basic proteins (MBPs) by peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) may increase citrulline residues resulting in the reduction of myelin sheath density and the progression of multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D (25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (D3)) and estradiol on PAD2 gene expression level and its catalytic activity in rat C6 glioma cells. C6 glioma cells were cultured in DMEM medium and were treated with vitamin D (10 and 100 ng/ml) and estradiol (10 and 100 µM) based on the cellular viability. Then, the PAD2 gene expression and catalytic activity were evaluated using real-time qRT-PCR and spectrophotometry techniques, respectively. The PAD2 gene expression level and its catalytic activity increased significantly in estradiol-treated cells (P = 0.0435 and P = 0.0015, respectively). Conversely, vitamin D downregulated significantly the PAD2 gene expression level (P < 0.015) and its activity (P < 0.017). The study results suggested that estradiol conversely with vitamin D increases the activity of the PAD2 enzyme so that it might develop multiple sclerosis, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghasempour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Soheil Rahmani-Fard
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Molood Bagherieh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rashno
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Agasing A, Quinn JL, Kumar G, Axtell RC. Interferon-β Intensifies Interleukin-23-Driven Pathogenicity of T Helper Cells in Neuroinflammatory Disease. Cells 2021; 10:2139. [PMID: 34440908 PMCID: PMC8392231 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-β is a popular therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, 25-40% of patients are nonresponsive to this therapy, and it worsens neuromyelitis optica (NMO), another neuroinflammatory disease. We previously identified, in both NMO patients and in mice, that IFN-β treatment had inflammatory effects in T Helper (TH) 17-induced disease through the production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. However, other studies have shown that IFN-β inhibits the differentiation and function of TH17 cells. In this manuscript, we identified that IFN-β had differential effects on discrete stages of TH17 development. During early TH17 development, IFN-β inhibits IL-17 production. Conversely, during late TH17 differentiation, IFN-β synergizes with IL-23 to promote a pathogenic T cell that has both TH1 and TH17 characteristics and expresses elevated levels of the potent inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and GM-CSF and the transcription factor BLIMP. Together, these findings help resolve a paradox surrounding IFN-β and TH17-induced disease and illuminate the pathways responsible for the pathophysiology of NMO and MS patients who are IFN-β nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert C. Axtell
- Department of Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.A.); (J.L.Q.); (G.K.)
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43
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Maglione A, Zuccalà M, Tosi M, Clerico M, Rolla S. Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1181. [PMID: 34440354 PMCID: PMC8394267 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)'s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Zuccalà
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
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Mimpen M, Damoiseaux J, van Doorn W, Rolf L, Muris AH, Hupperts R, van Luijn MM, Gerlach O, Smolders J. Proportions of circulating transitional B cells associate with MRI activity in interferon beta-treated multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577664. [PMID: 34280843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
B-cells contribute to MS pathogenesis. The association of circulating B-cell phenotypes with combined unique active lesions (CUA) on MRI at 48 weeks follow-up was investigated in 50 interferon beta-treated MS patients. Transitional B-cell proportions were lower in participants with CUA at week 0 and 48 [p = 0.004, p = 0.002]. A decrease in circulating anti-EBNA-1 IgG levels between week 0 and 48 associated with absence of CUA [p = 0.047], but not with B-cell profiles. In a multi-factor model for CUA-risk, transitional B-cell proportions contributed independent from NK/T-cell ratio, change in anti-EBNA-1 IgG, and vitamin D supplementation. Transitional B-cells may predict treatment response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Mimpen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - William van Doorn
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; CARIM School for vascular diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Rolf
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Hilde Muris
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Gerlach
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, MS Center ErasMS, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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45
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Genomic and functional evaluation of TNFSF14 in multiple sclerosis susceptibility. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:497-507. [PMID: 34353742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility genes, the strongest non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) signal in the Italian population maps to the TNFSF14 gene encoding LIGHT, a glycoprotein involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation. Through fine-mapping in a large Italian dataset (4,198 patients with MS and 3,903 controls), we show that the TNFSF14 intronic SNP rs1077667 is the primarily MS-associated variant in the region. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis indicates that the MS risk allele is significantly associated with reduced TNFSF14 messenger RNA levels in blood cells, which is consistent with the allelic imbalance in RNA-Seq reads (P < 0.0001). The MS risk allele is associated with reduced levels of TNFSF14 gene expression (P < 0.01) in blood cells from 84 Italian patients with MS and 80 healthy controls (HCs). Interestingly, patients with MS are lower expressors of TNFSF14 compared to HC (P < 0.007). Individuals homozygous for the MS risk allele display an increased percentage of LIGHT-positive peripheral blood myeloid DCs (CD11c+, P = 0.035) in 37 HCs, as well as in in vitro monocyte-derived DCs from 22 HCs (P = 0.04). Our findings suggest that the intronic variant rs1077667 alters the expression of TNFSF14 in immune cells, which may play a role in MS pathogenesis.
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46
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Sviridova A, Rogovskii V, Kudrin V, Pashenkov M, Boyko A, Melnikov M. The role of 5-HT 2B-receptors in fluoxetine-mediated modulation of Th17- and Th1-cells in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 356:577608. [PMID: 34000471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, which also has an immunomodulatory effect. We investigated the effects of fluoxetine and serotonin (5-HT) on the pro-inflammatory Th17- and Th1-cells in 30 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 20 healthy subjects. Fluoxetine and 5-HT suppressed IL-17, IFN-γ and GM-CSF production by stimulated СD4+ T-cells in both groups. Blockade of 5-HT2B-receptors decreased the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine on cytokine production in MS patients. Finally, 5-HT2B-receptor activation inhibits IL-17, IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in both groups. These data suggest an anti-inflammatory role for fluoxetine in MS, which could be mediated by the activation of 5-HT2B-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sviridova
- Federal Center of Brain research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Department of Neuroimmunology, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Rogovskii
- Federal Center of Brain research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Department of Neuroimmunology, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Radiobiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kudrin
- V.V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Pharmacology Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Federal Center of Brain research and Neurotechnology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Department of Neuroimmunology, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Melnikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia; National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
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47
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Significant immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective impacts of Silymarin in MS patients: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinicaltrial. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107715. [PMID: 33933848 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon beta (IFN-β) has successfully been experimented with to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). However, patients sometimes do not respond effectively to treatment, and adverse effects, including liver toxicity, accompany this therapy. Accordingly, we decided to treat MS patients simultaneously with Silymarin (SM) as an immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective agent and IFN-β in a clinical trial study. Complete blood count (CBC), liver enzyme levels, and the serum concentration of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Also, the frequency of immune cells was determined by flow cytometry. Liver enzyme levels were significantly lower in the intervention group (p < 0.05). The percentage of Th17 cells in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Also, the frequency of Treg cells after treatment with SM plus IFN-β was significantly increased compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the IL-17 and IFNγ cytokine levels were significantly reduced in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ were significantly increased in the intervention group (P < 0.05).Overall, the results provide novel and supplementary information on SM's notable immunoregulatory effects on inflammatory response and liver function in MS patients. Clinical Trial Identifier Number: IRCTID: IRCT20171220037977N1.
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48
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Najafi S, Saadat P, Beladi Moghadam N, Manoucherinia A, Aghazadeh Z, Vali Mohammadi A, Pashaiefar H, Hosseini M, Mirshafiey A. Evaluation of the Effect of Mannuronic Acid as a Novel NSAID With Immunosuppressive Properties on Expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, SHIP1, and TRAF6 Genes and Serum Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1303-1310. [PMID: 33908653 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is described as a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system on an autoimmune basis, which is the most frequent reason for nontraumatic disability in youth. The efficacy and safety of β-D-nannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel immunosuppressive drug (patented PCT/EP2017/067920) has been shown in an experimental model of MS and also in a phase 2 clinical trial. The effects of M2000 on SOCS1, SOCS3, TRAF6, and SHIP1 gene expression and also serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients have been assessed in this study. In this study, 14 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients and 14 healthy subjects (as the control group) were recruited from the phase 2 clinical trial (Clinical Trial identifier, IRCT2016111313739N6). Gene expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, TRAF6, and SHIP1 was measured at baseline and after 6 months of therapy with M2000 using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Our results showed that the gene expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SHIP1 was increased after 6 months of therapy with M2000 in MS patients. Moreover, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of patients declined compared with baseline, but this was not statistically significant. The results of this study demonstrated that M2000, with immunosuppressive properties, could upregulate SOCS1, SOCS3, and SHIP1 genes in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manoucherinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Pashaiefar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Haase S, Linker RA. Inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211007687. [PMID: 33948118 PMCID: PMC8053832 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211007687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage and inflammation. Despite intense research, the underlying pathomechanisms driving inflammatory demyelination in MS still remain incompletely understood. It is thought to be caused by an autoimmune response towards CNS self-antigens in genetically susceptible individuals, assuming autoreactive T cells as disease-initiating immune cells. Yet, B cells were recognized as crucial immune cells in disease pathology, including antibody-dependent and independent effects. Moreover, myeloid cells are important contributors to MS pathology, and it is becoming increasingly evident that different cell types act in concert during MS immunopathology. This is supported by the finding that the beneficial effects of actual existing disease-modifying therapies cannot be attributed to one single immune cell-type, but rather involve immunological cooperation. The current strategy of MS therapies thus aims to shift the immune cell repertoire from a pro-inflammatory towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, involving regulatory T and B cells and anti-inflammatory macrophages. Although no existing therapy actually exists that directly induces an enhanced regulatory immune cell pool, numerous studies identified potential net effects on these cell types. This review gives a conceptual overview on T cells, B cells and myeloid cells in the immunopathology of relapsing-remitting MS and discusses potential contributions of actual disease-modifying therapies on these immune cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Haase
- Neuroimmunologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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50
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Docu Axelerad A, Stroe AZ, Gogu AE, Docu Axelerad D. Assessing the values of circulating immune complexes in multiple sclerosis patients following immunomodulator or corticosteroid treatment. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:542. [PMID: 33815615 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is defined as an immune-mediated disease that affects the central nervous system, and also is characterized by the presence of immune cells and mediators which contribute to the subsidiary neuroinflammation associated with multiple sclerosis. Throughout the evolution of multiple sclerosis, it has been observed that circulating immune complexes (CICs) have higher values in these patients, especially in the acute phase of the disease. Thus, the aim of the present study was to observe, if in acute attack, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients still present high values of CICs after treatment with glatiramer and prednisone. We divided 70 patients with multiple sclerosis with high values of CICs into two treatment groups, one treated with glatiramer (Copaxone) (immunomodulatory treatment) and the other with prednisone (corticosteroid treatment). After three months of treatment, we assessed the levels of CICs of the two multiple sclerosis groups and we observed that the patients that followed the immunomodulatory treatment had lower values of CICs than the group that followed the corticosteroid treatment. In addition, another observation established was that the glatiramer treatment group had higher levels of vitamin D in the serum than the prednisone group of multiple sclerosis patients. To conclude, better outcomes, from the point of view of the results obtained from the comparative analysis of the values of CICs and vitamin D, were demonstrated by following immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Any Docu Axelerad
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, 'Ovidius' University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Alina Zorina Stroe
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, 'Ovidius' University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Anca Elena Gogu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Docu Axelerad
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, 'Ovidius' University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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