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Simon H. Mikroorganismen als stereospezifische Hydrier- und Austauschkatalysatoren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.19750230403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen Z, Zhang C, Feng L. Photophysical processes of some benzimidazole derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 62:592-5. [PMID: 16257763 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of N-(alpha-naphthyl)-benzimidazole (alpha-NABI), N-(beta-naphthyl)-benzimidazole (beta-NABI) and N-(alpha-pyridyl)-benzimidazole (alpha-PYBI) were studied and alpha-NYBI exhibit intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence in polar solvents. The fluorescence of benzimidazoles can be quenched by acetic acid and the existence of exciplexes was observed between the benzimidazole derivatives and acetic acid. Particularly, the maximum emission peak of solution of alpha-PYBI in mixed solvent, ether and acetic acid, presents obvious red-shift with the increase of concentration of acetic acid in the mixed solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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Vaiopoulou E, Melidis P, Aivasidis A. Sulfide removal in wastewater from petrochemical industries by autotrophic denitrification. WATER RESEARCH 2005; 39:4101-9. [PMID: 16139866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An alternative flowchart for the biological removal of hydrogen sulfide from oil-refining wastewater is presented; autotrophic denitrification in a multi-stage treatment plant was utilized. A pilot-scale plant was fed with a mixture of the following constituents: (a) original wastewater from an oil refining industry (b), the effluent of the existing nitrification-stage treatment plant and (c) sulfide in the form of Na2S. Anoxic sulfide to sulfate oxidation, with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, proved very successful, as incoming concentrations of 110 mg S2-/L were totally converted to SO(4)2-. At complete denitrification, the concentration of S2- in the reactor effluent was less than 0.1mg/L. Fluctuating S2- concentration in the feed could be tolerated without any problems, as the accumulated sulfide in the effluent of the denitrification stage is oxidized aerobically in a subsequent activated-sludge treatment stage. This alternative new treatment scheme was further introduced at the refinery's wastewater processing plant. Thus, complete H2S removal is now accomplished by the combination of the proposed biological method and the existing stripping with CO2. As a result, stripping, and thus its cost, is reduced by 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vaiopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece.
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Chemical synthesis of porphobilinogen and studies of its biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1521-4478(06)80004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kräutler B, Kohler HP, Stupperich E. 5'-Methylbenzimidazolyl-cobamides are the corrinoids from some sulfate-reducing and sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 176:461-9. [PMID: 3416881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobacterium autotrophicum, Desulfobulbus propionicus and Archaeoglobus fulgidus (VC-16) and the sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria Desulfurolobus ambivalens and Thermoplasma acidophilum were found to contain considerable amounts of corrinoids, that were isolated and crystallized in their Co beta-cyano form. In three other sulfur-metabolizing archaebacteria, Thermoproteus neutrophilus, Pyrodictium occultum and Staphylothermus marinus significant amounts of corrinoids were not detected under the isolation methods used. The samples from the three sulfate-reducers were identified with Co alpha-[alpha-(5'-methylbenzimidazolyl)]-Co beta-cyanocobamide. This corrinoid was also obtained from a 5-methylbenzimidazole-supplemented Propionibacterium fermentation and was structurally characterized by ultraviolet/visible, CD, fast-atom-bombardment MS, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Also the major corrinoid from T. acidophilum was (tentatively) analyzed as a 5'-methylbenzimidazolyl-cobamide, whereas the main corrinoid from D. ambivalens was indicated to be vitamin B12 (a 5',6'-dimethylbenzimidazolyl-cobamide). The 5'-methylbenzimidazolylcobamides are found here as the common corrins of some sulfate-reducing and sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. The structural diversity due to the differing nucleotide bases of the corrins examined here and in methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria appears not to correlate to the biological function(s) of the corrins, but rather to be determined by biosynthetic properties of these organisms under natural growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kräutler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie der ETH, ETH-Zürich, Switzerland
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Eschenmoser A. Vitamin B12: Experimente zur Frage nach dem Ursprung seiner molekularen Struktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19881000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Röber B, Reuter G. Kontrolle kataboler und anaboler Sequenzen der Kohlenhydratverwertung in derscp HefeCandida maltosa H und in ihren Mutanten H3 und H5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bader J, Simon H. ATP formation is coupled to the hydrogenation of 2-enoates in Clostridium sporogenes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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negron-Mendoza A, Ponnamperuma C. Role of succinic acid in chemical evolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00927075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Oberlies G, Fuchs G, Thauer RK. Acetate thiokinase and the assimilation of acetate in methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Arch Microbiol 1980; 128:248-52. [PMID: 6111300 DOI: 10.1007/bf00406167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum growing on H2 plus CO2 as sole carbon and energy source was found to contain acetate thiokinase (Acetyl CoA synthetase; EC 6.2.1.1); Acetate + ATP + CoA leads to Acetyl CoA + AMP + PPi. The apparent Km value for acetate was 40 microM. Acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1) and phosphotransacetylase (EC 2.3.1.8) could not be detected. The specific activity of acetate thiokinase was high in cells grown with limited H2 and CO2 supply (approximately 100 nmol/min . mg protein), it was low in exponentially grown cells (2 nmol/min . mg protein). This corresponded with the finding that cells growing linearly in the presence of acetate assimilated the monocarboxylic acid in high amounts (greater than 10% of the cell carbon was derived from acetate), whereas exponentially growing cells did not (less than 1% of cell carbon was derived from acetate). These latter observations indicated that acetate thiokinase and free acetate are not involved in autotrophic CO2 fixation in M. thermoautotrophicum. The presence and some kinetic properties of succinate thiokinase (EC 6.2.1.5), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), and inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1) are also described.
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Angst C, Kajiwara M, Zass E, Eschenmoser A. Gegenseitige Umwandlung der Chromophorsysteme des Porphyrinogens und des Isobakteriochlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19800920226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bühler M, Giesel H, Tischer W, Simon H. Occurrence and the possible physiological role of 2-enoate reductases. FEBS Lett 1980; 109:244-6. [PMID: 7353645 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)81096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tischer W, Bader J, Simon H. Purification and some properties of a hitherto-unknown enzyme reducing the carbon-carbon double bond of alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylate anions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 97:103-12. [PMID: 477658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2-Enoate-reductase, a previously unknown soluble enzyme is present in Clostridium kluyveri and another Clostridium species growing on (E)-2-butenoate. From the latter the reductase was purified 88-fold with an overall yield up to 74%. The enzyme was pure as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with and without sodium dodecyl sulphate as well as by isoelectric focusing. The purification of the enzyme was performed in the presence of (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate as substrate to keep the enzyme in the oxidized state and under anaerobic conditions. The purification procedure included an ammonium sulphate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxylapatite and Sepharose CL-6B. The enzyme reduces different alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylate anions such as (E)-2-butenoate, (E)-2-methyl-2-butenoate, (E)-cinnamate and probably many others in a NADH-dependent reaction to the saturated carboxylate anions. Fumarate, 3-phenyl-2-propinate, 2-enoyl-methyl and CoA esters proved not to be substrates for the purified reductase. NADPH does not act as an electron donor. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of about 450,000 by gel chromatography. It consists of subunits with a molecular weight of 78,000. Per subunit about 1 FAD, 3.5--3.8 atoms of iron and 4.0 labile sulphur atoms have been found indicating a conjugated iron-sulphur flavo-protein. Copper could not be detected. The isoelectric point was 8.4. As shown by absorption spectroscopy the enzyme can be reduced by NADH and reoxidized with dichloroindophenol, hexacyanoferrate III, oxygen and substrates. Addition of 8 mol p-hydroxymercuribenzoate to 1 mol subunit completely destroyed the activity of the reductase. So far no physiological role of the enzyme is known.
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Babel W. [Evaluation of substrates for microbial growth on the basis of their carbon/energy ratio]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1979; 19:671-7. [PMID: 545913 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630190910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Jagnow G, Haider K, Ellwardt PC. Anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Arch Microbiol 1977; 115:285-92. [PMID: 74989 DOI: 10.1007/bf00446454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that Clostridium app. and several other representatives of Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) under anaerobic conditions. Representatives of Lactobacillaceae and Propronibacterium were inactive. With 36Cl-labelled gamma-HCH a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by Clostridium butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii, while other facultative anaerobic species were less active. Aerobically grown facultative anaerobes also dechlorinated actively gamma-HCH during subsequent anaerobic incubation with glucose, pyruvate or formate as substrates. The alpha-, beta- and delta-HCH isomers were also, but more slowly, dechlorinated (gamma larger than alpha larger than beta larger than or equal to delta-HCH). All species active in anaerobic degradation of gamma-HCH formed gamma-tetrachlorocyclohexene (TCH) as the main intermediate metabolite and no gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene (PCH) or other isomers of TCH or PCH have been found. Small amounts of tri- and tetrachlorinated benzenes have been found too. The mechanism of dechlorination is discussed.
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Riebeling V, Jungermann K. Properties and function of clostridial membrane ATPase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 430:434-44. [PMID: 132964 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(76)90019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) was detected in the membrane fraction of the strict anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium pasteurianum. About 70% of the total activity was found in the particulate fraction. The enzyme was Mg2+ dependent; Co2+ and Mn2+ but not Ca2+ could replace Mg2+ to some extent; the activation by Mg2+ was slightly antagonized by Ca2+. Even in the presence of Mg2+, Na+ or K+ had no stimulatory effect. The ATPase reaction was effectively inhibited by one of its products, ADP, and only slightly by the other product, inorganic phosphate. Of the nucleoside triphosphates tested ATP was hydrolyzed with highest affinity ([S]0.5 v = 1.3 mM) and maximal activity (120 U/g). The ATPase activity could be nearly completely solubilized by treatment of the membranes with 2 M LiCl in the absence of Mg2+. Solubilization, however, led to instability of the enzyme. The clostridial solubilized and membrane-bound ATPase showed different properties similar to the "allotopic" properties of mitochondrial and other bacterial ATPases. The membrane-bound ATPase in contrast to the soluble ATPase was sensitive to the ATPase inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). DCCD, at 10(-4) M, led to 80% inhibition of the membrane-bound enzyme; oligomycin ouabain, or NaN3 had no effect. The membrane-bound ATPase could not be stimulated by trypsin pretreatment. Since none of the mono- or divalent cations had any truly stimulatory effect, and since a pH gradient (interior alkaline), which was sensitive to the ATPase inhibitor DCCD, was maintained during growth of C. pasteurianum, it was concluded that the function of the clostridial ATPase was the same as that of the rather similar mitochondrial enzyme, namely H+ translocation. A H+-translocating, ATP-consuming ATPase appears to be intrinsic equipment of all prolaryotic cells and as such to be phylogenetically very old; in the course of evolution the enzyme might have been developed to a H+-(re)translocating, ATP-forming ATPase as probably realized in aerobic bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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Müller HE. [Evolution and age of bacteria]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1976; 63:224-30. [PMID: 958496 DOI: 10.1007/bf00610908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kröger A. Electron-transport phosphorylation coupled to fumarate reduction in anaerobically grown Proteus rettgeri. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 347:273-89. [PMID: 4407318 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jungermann K, Thauer RK, Leimenstoll G, Decker K. Function of reduced pyridine nucleotide-ferredoxin oxidoreductases in saccharolytic Clostridia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 305:268-80. [PMID: 4147457 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Thauer RK, Rupprecht E, Ohrloff C, Jungermann K, Decker K. Regulation of the Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate-Ferredoxin Reductase System in Clostridium kluyveri. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kröger A, Klingenberg M. Quinones and nicotinamide nucleotides associated with electron transfer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1971; 28:533-74. [PMID: 4401045 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Einflu� von Montmorillonit auf die Bildung von Biomasse und Stoffwechselzwischenprodukten durch einige Mikroorganismen. Arch Microbiol 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00410621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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