1
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Zeng CY, Deng WJ, Zhao KQ, Redshaw C, Donnio B. Phenanthrothiophene-Triazine Star-Shaped Discotic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Stimuli-Responsive Fluorescence Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400296. [PMID: 38427538 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipophilic biphenylthiophene- and phenanthrothiophene-triazine compounds, BPTTn and CPTTn, respectively, were prepared by a tandem procedure involving successive Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation reactions. These compounds display photoluminescence in solution and in thin film state, solvatochromism with increasing solvent's polarity, as well as acidochromism and metal ion recognition stimuli-responsive fluorescence. Protonation of BPTT10 and CPTT10 by trifluoroacetic acid results in fluorescence quenching, which is reversibly restored once treated with triethylamine (ON-OFF switch). DFT computational studies show that intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) phenomena occurs for both molecules, and reveal that protonation enhances the electron-withdrawing ability of the triazine core and reduces the band gap. This acidochromic behavior was applied to a prototype fluorescent anti-counterfeiting device. They also specifically recognize Fe3+ through coordination, and the recognition mechanism is closely related to the photoinduced electron transfer between Fe3+ and BPTT10/CPTT10. CPTTn self-assemble into columnar rectangular (Colrec) mesophase, which can be modulated by oleic acid via the formation of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular liquid crystal hexagonal Colhex mesophase. Finally, CPTTn also form organic gels in alkanes at low critical gel concentration (3.0 mg/mL). Therefore, these star-shaped triazine molecules possess many interesting features and thus hold great promises for information processing, liquid crystal semiconductors and organogelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke-Qing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, 610066, Chengdu, China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, School of Natural Sciences, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, CNRS-University of Strasbourg, 67034, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Kumar P, Bala I, De R, Kumar Pal S, Venkataramani S. Light Modulated Reversible "On-Off" Transformation of Arylazoheteroarene Based Discotics in Nematic Organization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202876. [PMID: 36205928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) core-based molecular systems appended with phenylazo-3,5-dimethylisoxazole photoswitches at the peripheral position through variable-length alkoxy chains have been designed and synthesized. The supramolecular interactions of the mesogens provided discotic nematic liquid crystalline assembly as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the reversible photoswitching and excellent thermal stability of the photoswitched states in solution phase and thin film. Also, atomic force microscopic (AFM) and POM investigations demonstrated the morphological changes in the self-assembly induced by the photoirradiation as monitored by the changes in the height profiles and optical appearance of the textures, respectively. Remarkably, the liquid crystalline discotic molecules showed reversible "on and off states" controlled by light at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
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3
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Rani Kumar N, Agrawal AR. Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202200203. [PMID: 36599693 PMCID: PMC9812756 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6-Tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine is a C3h -symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s-triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl-triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl-triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl-triazine chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Dhemaji CollegeDhemaji787057, AssamIndia
| | - Abhijeet R. Agrawal
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Edmond J. Safra CampusJerusalem91904Israel
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4
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Vanadium incorporated Zeolite-Y, a versatile catalyst for inter and intra- molecular haloalkynylation coupling reactions. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Westphal E, Windisch AC, Mezalira DZ, Gallardo H. Reaching Room‐Temperature Mesomorphism through Expansion of the Tristriazolotriazine Core with Alkoxybenzoate Units. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Westphal
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry 88040-900 Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Alana Carolina Windisch
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Daniela Zambelli Mezalira
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Florianopolis BRAZIL
| | - Hugo Gallardo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Chemistry Campus Universitario Trindade 88049-900 Florianopolis BRAZIL
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6
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Srinivasa HT, Hariprasad S. Functionalized Triphenylene Discotic Molecules: Synthesis and Mesomorphic Characterizations. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Srinivasa
- Soft Condensed Matter Group Raman Research Institute C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagara Bengaluru 560080 Karnataka India
| | - S. Hariprasad
- Department of Chemistry Bangalore City University Palace Road Bengaluru 560001 Karnataka India
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7
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Sivakumar I, Swamynathan K, Ram D, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Rubicene, an Unusual Contorted Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200073. [PMID: 35294801 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rubicene, an unusual contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was realized to function as a novel core fragment for discotic liquid crystals. The central π-conjugated motif was prepared from dialkoxyiodobenzene via Sonagashira coupling followed by pentannulation and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesized rubicene derivatives were found to be thermally stable and exhibit enantiotropic columnar mesophases. The columnar arrangement of these derivatives has been validated using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry & small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irla Sivakumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dinesh Ram
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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8
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Bujosa S, Greciano EE, Martínez MA, Sánchez L, Soberats B. Unveiling the Role of Hydrogen Bonds in Luminescent N-Annulated Perylene Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2021; 27:14282-14286. [PMID: 34323342 PMCID: PMC8596826 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the liquid‐crystalline (LC) and luminescent properties of a series of N‐annulated perylenes (1–4) in whose molecular structures amide and ester groups alternate. We found that the LC properties of these compounds not only depend on the number of hydrogen‐bonding units, but also on the relative position of the amide linkers in the molecule. The absence of amide groups in compound 1 leads to no LC properties, whereas four amide groups induce the formation of a wide temperature range columnar hexagonal phase in compound 4. Remarkably, compound 3, with two amide groups in the inner part of the structure, stabilizes the columnar LC phases better than its structural isomer 2, with the amide groups in the outer part of the molecule. Similarly, we found that only compounds 1 and 2, which have no hydrogen bonding units in the inner part of the molecule, exhibit luminescence vapochromism upon exposure to organic solvent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Bujosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elisa E Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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9
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Eichhorn SH, El-Ballouli AO, Cassar A, Kaafarani BR. Columnar Mesomorphism of Board-Shaped Perylene, Diketopyrrolopyrrole, Isoindigo, Indigo, and Quinoxalino-Phenanthrophenazine Dyes. Chempluschem 2021; 86:319-339. [PMID: 33624951 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The properties of organic dyes depend as much on their intermolecular interactions as on their molecular structure. While it is generally predictable what supramolecular structure would be ideal for a specific application, the generation of specific supramolecular structures by molecular design and suitable processing methods remains to be a challenge. A versatile approach to different supramolecular structures has been the application of mesomorphism in conjunction with alignment techniques and self-assembly at interfaces. Reviewed here is the columnar mesomorphism of board-shaped dyes perylene, indigo, isoindigo, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and quinoxalinophenanthrophenazine. They generate a larger number of different supramolecular structures than conventional disc-shaped (discotic) mesogens because of their non-circular shape and directional intermolecular interactions. The mesomorphism of all but the perylene derivatives is systematically and comprehensively covered for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - A O El-Ballouli
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Cassar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Bilal R Kaafarani
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
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10
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Vieira AA, Farias G, Costa WC, Eccher J, Bechtold IH, Durola F, Bock H. Nematic Triphenyltriazine Triesters and the Induction of the Columnar Mesophase by Fluorine Substitution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9003-9010. [PMID: 33871125 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Whereas their para homologs are not mesogenic, the disk-shaped triphenyltriazine meta-trialkylesters obtained via trimerization of 3-cyanobenzoic alkylester, which are configurationally more flexible, exhibit a monotropic nematic mesophase. Introduction of fluorine atoms into the alkyl chains or into the phenyl moieties leads to the appearance of an enantiotropic columnar mesophase. If fluorine is introduced both in the chains and in the phenyl moieties, only a monotropic mesophase remains. Fluorination of either the alkyl chains or the aromatic core, but not both, appears thus as a simple means of inducing or stabilizing columnar self-assembly in disk-shaped systems. As the homeotropically alignable columnar mesophase can thus be made to persist at room temperature, as energies higher than 3 eV of the first excited triplet state are computed in agreement with the value reported for the parent arene, and as they are not fluorescent themselves, these compounds are of promise as aligning host matrices for blue-emitting TADF devices with improved light outcoupling. Dilution of a columnar with a nonmesogenic homolog induces the nematic state, indicating that the nanoscopic make-up of both mesophases is closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Vieira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wallison C Costa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliana Eccher
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux 115 av. Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
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11
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Tober N, Winter J, Jochem M, Lehmann M, Detert H. Tris(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl)benzotrithiophenes – Discotic Liquid Crystals with Enormous Mesophase Ranges. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tober
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Johannes Winter
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Jochem
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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12
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Ishida K, Higashino T, Wada Y, Kaji H, Saeki A, Imahori H. Thiophene-Fused Naphthodiphospholes: Modulation of the Structural and Electronic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatics by Precise Fusion of Heteroles. Chempluschem 2021; 86:130-136. [PMID: 33415824 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For polycyclic aromatics with heterole-fused structures, the orientation of fused heterole rings as well as the geometry of their fused structures has a large impact on the physicochemical properties. In this study, a series of isomers of thiophene-fused naphthodiphospholes was designed and synthesized. Systematic investigation unveiled the explicit impact of heterole-fused structures on their structural and electronic properties. The isomers with 1,2/5,6-fused structure display phosphorescence due to enhanced spin-orbit coupling, whereas the isomers with 2,3/6,7-fused structure exhibit intense fluorescence. The trans isomers exhibited 1D slip π-stacked arrangement. In contrast, the cis isomers displayed 2D herringbone structure or columnar structure with a cavity. Therefore, the precisely controlled fusion of heterole rings is a universal approach to uncover their intrinsic properties for versatile applications as organic functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ishida
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Wada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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13
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Rieth T, Tober N, Limbach D, Haspel T, Sperner M, Schupp N, Wicker P, Glang S, Lehmann M, Detert H. Impact of Substitution Pattern and Chain Length on the Thermotropic Properties of Alkoxy-Substituted Triphenyl-Tristriazolotriazines. Molecules 2020; 25:E5761. [PMID: 33297382 PMCID: PMC7729490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristriazolotriazines (TTTs) with a threefold alkoxyphenyl substitution were prepared and studied by DSC, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray scattering. Six pentyloxy chains are sufficient to induce liquid-crystalline behavior in these star-shaped compounds. Thermotropic properties of TTTs with varying substitution patterns and a periphery of linear chains of different lengths, branching in the chain and swallow-tails, are compared. Generally, these disks display broad and stable thermotropic mesophases, with the tangential TTT being superior to the radial isomer. The structure-property relationships of the number of alkyl chains, their position, length and structure were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rieth
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Natalie Tober
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniel Limbach
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Tobias Haspel
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Marcel Sperner
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Niklas Schupp
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Philipp Wicker
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefan Glang
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Department for Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (T.R.); (N.T.); (D.L.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (N.S.); (P.W.); (S.G.)
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14
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Grunwald MA, Wöhrle T, Forschner R, Baro A, Laschat S. Columnar Propeller‐Like 1,3,5‐Triphenylbenzenes: Probing the Effect of Chlorine on the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Liquid Crystalline Properties. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco André Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tobias Wöhrle
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Forschner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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15
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Tober N, Rieth T, Lehmann M, Detert H. Synthesis, Thermal, and Optical Properties of Tris(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazines, New Star-Shaped Fluorescent Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:15295-15304. [PMID: 31424134 PMCID: PMC6916359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of tris(aryloxadiazolyl)triazines (TOTs), C3‐symmetrical star‐shaped mesogenes with a 1,3,5‐triazine center, 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole arms, and various peripheral alkoxy side chains is reported. Threefold Huisgen reaction on a central triazine tricarboxylic acid and suitable aryltetrazoles yields the title compounds. Selected analogues with a benzene center are included in this study and allow for an evaluation of the impact of the central unit on the physical properties. Thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC; polarization optical microscopy, POM), optical (UV/Vis, fluorescence), electric (time of flight, TOF), and structural (single crystal; wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, WAXS) properties of these compounds were investigated. The modification of alkoxy chain length and substitution pattern allows for a tuning of the physical properties. TOTs emit blue to yellow light, depending on conjugation length, donor–acceptor substitution, and solvent polarity, whereas concentration quenches and aggregation enhances the emission. The width of the mesophases is typically around ΔT=100–150 K but can even exceed 220 K. Polarization optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction on oriented filaments reveal that TOTs are highly ordered liquid crystals (LCs) with long‐range hexagonal columnar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Kawano S, Ideta K, Banno T, Tanaka K. Liquid‐crystalline Metallomacrocycles Composed of Bis(hydroxypyridono)toluene Ligand and Cu
2+
Ions. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4415-4419. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ichiro Kawano
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kohei Ideta
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Banno
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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17
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Karmakar S, Mandal T, Dash J. Ring Closing Metathesis Approach for the Synthesis of o
-Terphenyl Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Karmakar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; -700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; -700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; -700032 Jadavpur, Kolkata India
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18
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Sperner M, Tober N, Detert H. Tristriazolotriazines with Azobenzene Arms ‐ Acidochromic Dyes and Discotic Liquid Crystals. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Sperner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Natalie Tober
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
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19
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Selmani S, Schipper DJ. π-Concave Hosts for Curved Carbon Nanomaterials. Chemistry 2019; 25:6673-6692. [PMID: 30674065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have been at the forefront of nanotechnology since its inception. At the heart of this research are the curved carbon nanomaterial families: fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. While both have incredible properties that have been capitalized upon in a wide variety of applications, there is an aspect that is not commonly exploited by nanoscientists and organic chemists alike: the interaction of curved carbon nanomaterials with curved organic small molecules. By taking advantage of these interactions, new avenues are opened for the use of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Derek J Schipper
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Park W, Feringán B, Yang M, Ryu SH, Ahn H, Shin TJ, Sierra T, Giménez R, Yoon DK. Manipulation of Supramolecular Columnar Structures of H-Bonded Donor-Acceptor Units through Geometrical Nanoconfinement. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:890-897. [PMID: 30730103 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ambipolar organic semiconductors are considered promising for organic electronics because of their interesting electric properties. Many hurdles remain yet to be overcome before they can be used for practical applications, especially because their orientation is hard to control. We demonstrate a method to control the orientation of columnar structures based on a hydrogen (H)-bonded donor-acceptor complex between a star-shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine and triphenylene-containing benzoic acid, using physicochemical nanoconfinement. The molecular configuration and supramolecular columnar assemblies in a one-dimensional porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film were dramatically modulated by controlling the pore-size and by chemical modification of the inner surface of the porous AAO film. In situ experiments using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) were carried out to investigate the structural evolution produced at the nanometer scale by varying physicochemical conditions. The resulting highly ordered nanostructures may open a new pathway to effectively control the alignment of liquid crystal ambipolar semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongi Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Beatriz Feringán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Minyong Yang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Ryu
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities and, School of Natural Science UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and KINC, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Hiscock LK, Raycraft BM, Wałęsa-Chorab M, Cambe C, Malinge A, Skene WG, Taing H, Eichhorn SH, Dawe LN, Maly KE. Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid-Crystalline Tetraoxapentacene Derivatives Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission. Chemistry 2019; 25:1018-1028. [PMID: 30335207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of new tetrakis(dialkoxyphenyl) dicyanotetraoxapentacene derivatives (1 a-c) were prepared by reaction of the appropriate terphenyl diols with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile in good yields. Compounds 1 b and 1 c, which bear hexyloxy and decyloxy side chains, exhibited columnar hexagonal mesophases, as shown by polarized optical microscopy, variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of methoxy-substituted 1 a revealed that the dicyanotetraoxapentacene core is highly planar, consistent with the notion that these molecules are able to stack in columnar mesophases. A detailed photophysical characterization showed that these compounds exhibit aggregation-induced emission in solution, emission in nonpolar solvents, weak emission in polar solvents, and strong emission in the solid state both as powder and in thin films. These observations are consistent with a weakly emissive charge-transfer state in polar solvents and a more highly emissive locally excited state in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana K Hiscock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Brooke M Raycraft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Current address: Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Coralie Cambe
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Malinge
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W G Skene
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Centre-ville Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hi Taing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Essex Hall, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - S Holger Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Essex Hall, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Kenneth E Maly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
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22
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Röder N, Marszalek T, Limbach D, Pisula W, Detert H. Tetrakis(oxadiazolylphenyl)pyrazines: New St. Andrew's Cross-Shaped Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:463-469. [PMID: 30512235 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
π-Conjugated molecules with the shape of St. Andrew's cross have been synthesized via fourfold Huisgen reaction. Four 2,5-diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol arms are attached to a central pyrazine nucleus. These fluorescent stars, when decorated with a rim of eight alkoxy side chains are discotic liquid crystals. Depending on the substitution pattern, the width of the liquid phase varies within a broad range of 25 °C to 250 °C. In their liquid crystalline phase, the molecules assemble in a typical hexagonal columnar supramolecular arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Röder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Limbach
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55118, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Parker RR, Sarju JP, Whitwood AC, Williams JAG, Lynam JM, Bruce DW. Synthesis, Mesomorphism, and Photophysics of 2,5-Bis(dodecyloxyphenyl)pyridine Complexes of Platinum(IV). Chemistry 2018; 24:19010-19023. [PMID: 30211455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown for the first time that the PtIV complex cis-[Pt(N^C-tolpy)2 Cl2 ] (tolpy=2-(4-tolyl)pyridinyl) can be prepared in a one-pot reaction from K2 [PtCl4 ], although analogous complexes containing 2,5-bis(4-dodecyloxyphenyl)pyridine (=HL) could be prepared using existing routes. The resulting complexes cis-[Pt(N^C-L)2 Cl2 ] are liquid crystals and small-angle X-ray scattering suggests formation of a lamellar mesophase. Surprisingly, heating [Pt(κ2 -N^C-L)2 Cl(κ1 -N^C-LH)] also leads to a mesomorphic compound, which results from thermally induced oxidation to cis-[Pt(N^C-L)2 Cl2 ] and what is presumed to be another geometric isomer of the same formula. The PtIV complexes are quite strongly luminescent in deoxygenated solution, with φ≈10 % and show vibrationally structured emission spectra, λmax (0,0)=532 nm, strongly displaced to the red compared to cis-[Pt(N^C-tolpy)Cl2 ]. Long luminescence lifetimes of 230 μs are attributed to a lower degree of metal character in the excited state accompanying the extension of conjugation in the ligand. There is no significant difference between the emission properties of the bromo- and chloro-complexes, in contrast with the known complexes cis-[Pt(N^C-ppy)X2 ], where the quantum yield for X=Br is some 30 times lower than for X=Cl (ppyH=2-phenylpyridine). The lower energy of the excited state in the new complexes probably ensures that deactivating LLCT/LMCT states remain thermally inaccessible, even when X=Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julia P Sarju
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adrian C Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - J A Gareth Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jason M Lynam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Duncan W Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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24
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Santra S, Khasanov AF, Mukherjee A, Rahman M, Kovalev IS, Kopchuk DS, Zyryanov GV, Majee A, Chupakhin ON, Charushin VN. Mono- and Polyazatriphenylene-Based Ligands: An Updated Library of Synthetic Strategies (2001-2018). European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Albert F. Khasanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Matiur Rahman
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Adinath Majee
- Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (A Central University); 731235 Santiniketan India
| | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 22 S. Kovalevskoy Str. 620219 Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry; Chemical Engineering Institute; Ural Federal University; 19 Mira Str. 620002 Yekaterinburg, K-2 Russian Federation
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
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26
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Chiriac LF, Pasuk I, Secu M, Micutz M, Cîrcu V. Wide-Range Columnar and Lamellar Photoluminescent Liquid-Crystalline Lanthanide Complexes with Mesogenic 4-Pyridone Derivatives. Chemistry 2018; 24:13512-13522. [PMID: 29923239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of liquid crystals with various lanthanide ions (EuIII , SmIII , and TbIII ) was designed and prepared starting from the corresponding lanthanide nitrates and N-alkylated 4-pyridone derivatives bearing mesogenic 3,4,5-tris(alkyloxy)benzyl moieties (alkyl=hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, or hexadecyl). These new lanthanidomesogens were investigated for their mesogenic properties by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and temperature-dependent powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their thermal stability was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis. All of these complexes show enantiotropic liquid-crystalline behavior with lamellar (SmA) phases in the case of shorter-chain complexes (C6 and C8 ) or hexagonal columnar phases (Colh ) for complexes with longer alkyl chains (C12 , C14 , and C16 ), which were assigned on the basis of their characteristic textures and XRD studies. For complexes with an intermediate number of carbon atoms in the side chains (C10 ), both a lamellar phase at lower temperatures and a Colh phase at higher temperatures were evidenced. In the solid state, all these complexes show characteristic emissions assigned to the corresponding lanthanide ion. In addition, the luminescence decay curves showed single-exponential decays with characteristic times in the millisecond range (0.75-0.90 ms for EuIII , 0.045-0.060 ms for SmIII , and 0.75-1.05 ms for TbIII ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Chiriac
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 23 Dumbrava Rosie St., Bucharest, Sector 2, 020484, Romania
| | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihail Secu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - Marin Micutz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Elisabeta Blvd., 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viorel Cîrcu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 23 Dumbrava Rosie St., Bucharest, Sector 2, 020484, Romania
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27
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Xu Z, Oniwa K, Kikuchi H, Bao M, Yamamoto Y, Jin T, Terada M. Pd-Catalyzed Consecutive C−H-Arylation-Triggered Cyclotrimerization: Synthesis of Star-Shaped Benzotristhiazoles and Benzotrisoxazoles. Chemistry 2018; 24:9041-9050. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oniwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yoshinori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Tienan Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and School of Chemistry; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116023 China
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; 6-3 Azaaoba Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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28
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Yuan W, Ren X, Li M, Guo H, Han Y, Wu M, Wang Q, Li M, Chen Y. From S,N‐Heteroacene to Large Discotic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Liquid Crystal versus Plastic Crystalline Materials with Tunable Mechanochromic Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6161-6165. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Hongshuang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
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29
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Yuan W, Ren X, Li M, Guo H, Han Y, Wu M, Wang Q, Li M, Chen Y. From S,N‐Heteroacene to Large Discotic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): Liquid Crystal versus Plastic Crystalline Materials with Tunable Mechanochromic Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Hongshuang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of Chemistry Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 P. R. China
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30
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Gupta RK, Shankar Rao DS, Prasad SK, Achalkumar AS. Columnar Self-Assembly of Electron-Deficient Dendronized Bay-Annulated Perylene Bisimides. Chemistry 2018; 24:3566-3575. [PMID: 29283196 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three new heteroatom bay-annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs) have been synthesized by microwave-assisted synthesis in excellent yield. N-annulated and S-annulated perylene bisimides exhibited columnar hexagonal phase, whereas Se-annulated perylene bisimide exhibited low temperature columnar oblique phase in addition to the high temperature columnar hexagonal phase. The cup shaped bay-annulated PBIs pack into columns with enhanced intermolecular interactions. In comparison to PBI, these molecules exhibited lower melting and clearing temperature, with good solubility. A small red shift in the absorption was seen in the case of N-annulated PBI, whereas S- and Se-annulated PBIs exhibited blue-shifted absorption spectra. Bay-annulation increased the HOMO and LUMO levels of the N-annulated perylene bisimide, whereas a slight increase in the LUMO level and a decrease in the HOMO levels were observed in the case of S- and Se-annulated perylene bisimides, in comparison to the simple perylene bisimide. The band gaps of PBI and PBI-N were almost same, whereas an increase in the band gaps were observed in the case of S- and Se-annulated PBIs. The tendency to freeze in the ordered glassy columnar phase for PBI-N and PBI-S will help to overcome the charge traps due to crystallization, which are detrimental to one-dimensional charge carrier mobility. These solution processable electron deficient columnar semiconductors possessing good thermal stability may form an easily accessible promising class of n-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Doddamane S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, P. B. No. 1329, Bangalore, 560013, India
| | - S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Jalahalli, P. B. No. 1329, Bangalore, 560013, India
| | - Ammathnadu S Achalkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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31
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Rieth T, Röder N, Lehmann M, Detert H. Isomerisation of Liquid-Crystalline Tristriazolotriazines. Chemistry 2018; 24:93-96. [PMID: 29112303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped discotic liquid crystals with columnar superstructures constitute a highly interesting class of organic materials. Phenyl-substituted tris[1,2,4]triazolo-[1,3,5]triazine, prepared by a Huisgen reaction of phenyltetrazole and cyanuric chloride, represents an excellent core for discotic liquid crystals (DLCs). The thermal stability is not perfect, at temperatures above the clearing point, a successive threefold isomerization leads to a highly planar, C3 -symmetrical isomer, which mainly differs in the orientation of the aryl substituents to the centre of the molecule. A new class of discotic liquid crystals has been obtained: Equipped with peripheral alkoxy chains both isomers can form broad thermotropic mesophases. The optical, thermal, and physical properties were investigated by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray scattering, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. The thermotropic properties are decisively affected by the molecular structure of the isomers, isomerisation leads to higher melting points but also the loss or even gain of mesomorphism is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rieth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nico Röder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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32
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Yildirim A, Szymoniak P, Sentker K, Butschies M, Bühlmeyer A, Huber P, Laschat S, Schönhals A. Dynamics and ionic conductivity of ionic liquid crystals forming a hexagonal columnar mesophase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5626-5635. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the molecular mobility of two linear-shaped tetramethylated guanidinium triflate ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) having different lengths of alkyl chains was investigated using a combination of broadband dielectric (BDS) and specific heat spectroscopy (SHS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Yildirim
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Unter den Eichen 87
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Unter den Eichen 87
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Kathrin Sentker
- Institut für Materialphysik und -Technologie
- Technische Universität Hamburg
- Eißendorfer Str. 42
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Martin Butschies
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- Pfaffenwaldring 55
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Andrea Bühlmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- Pfaffenwaldring 55
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institut für Materialphysik und -Technologie
- Technische Universität Hamburg
- Eißendorfer Str. 42
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- Pfaffenwaldring 55
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
- Unter den Eichen 87
- 12205 Berlin
- Germany
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33
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Kawano SI, Kato M, Soumiya S, Nakaya M, Onoe J, Tanaka K. Columnar Liquid Crystals from a Giant Macrocycle Mesogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shinya Soumiya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Jun Onoe
- Department of Energy Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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34
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Kawano SI, Kato M, Soumiya S, Nakaya M, Onoe J, Tanaka K. Columnar Liquid Crystals from a Giant Macrocycle Mesogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:167-171. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shinya Soumiya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Jun Onoe
- Department of Energy Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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35
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Xu X, Austin A, Mylon SE, Plenge J, Szarko JM. Improving the Quantum Yields of Perylene Diimide Aggregates by Increasing Molecular Hydrophobicity in Polar Media. Chemphyschem 2017. [PMID: 28627806 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the quantum yield of four aggregated perylene diimide (PDI) species that vary by the length of the branched side chains attached at the N,N' imide positions. The PDI molecules were dissolved in binary water:methanol solvents as a means to vary the solvent polarity and control the degree of aggregation in solution. By performing spectroscopy, kinetics, and light scattering experiments, the nature of the molecular interactions in the solutions was determined. The maximum quantum yield of the aggregated molecules increased from 0.04 for the shortest chain molecule (B2) to 0.20 for the largest chain molecule (B13). The higher quantum yield of B13 compared with B2 correlates well with an increase in the fluorescence lifetime. The monomer emission lifetime was 4.8 ns whereas a lifetime as high as 21.2 ns was measured for the B13 aggregate fluorescence. A shorter sub-nanosecond lifetime was also measured for suspended colloids in B5, B9, and B13. The enhanced quantum yield is attributed to an increase of disorder in the B13 aggregates. As the polarity of the solution increases, the hydrophobic effect further enhances the disorder, and, therefore, the quantum yields in these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Ashli Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Steven E Mylon
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Jürgen Plenge
- Department of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Jodi M Szarko
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
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36
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Vollbrecht J, Blazy S, Dierks P, Peurifoy S, Bock H, Kitzerow H. Electroluminescent and Optoelectronic Properties of OLEDs with Bay-Extended, Distorted Perylene Esters as Emitter Materials. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2024-2032. [PMID: 28488359 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three esters with a perylene, a unilaterally, and a bilaterally extended perylene core, respectively, were used as emitter materials for organic light-emitting diodes. The electroluminescent properties of these devices were studied. Different spectral shifts were found, which can be attributed to the formation of excited dimers (excimers) in the nanofilms of the emitter materials. Thermal treatment of the unilaterally extended derivative resulted in a red-shift of the electroluminescence owing to the formation of a denser nanofilm. The luminance and efficiency of optoelectronic devices employing the extended perylene esters exceed those of devices using an emitter layer comprised of the perylene ester. Different deposition methods, limitations in the deposition process, and the role of hole-transporting materials are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Vollbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.,Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Simon Blazy
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Philipp Dierks
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Samuel Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), CNRS, Universite Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Heinz Kitzerow
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.,Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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37
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Ozdemir R, Choi D, Ozdemir M, Kim H, Kostakoğlu ST, Erkartal M, Kim H, Kim C, Usta H. A Solution-Processable Liquid-Crystalline Semiconductor for Low-Temperature-Annealed Air-Stable N-Channel Field-Effect Transistors. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:850-861. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Resul Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Donghee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Hyekyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | | | - Mustafa Erkartal
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
| | - Hyungsug Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Sogang University, Mapo-gu; Seoul 04107 Korea
| | - Hakan Usta
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering; Abdullah Gül University; Kayseri 38080 Turkey
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38
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Igarashi T, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Catalytic Double Carbon-Boron Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Cyclic Diarylborinic Acids as Versatile Building Blocks for π-Extended Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2069-2073. [PMID: 28111913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic synthesis of cyclic diarylborinic acids is developed using a dihydroaminoborane reagent as the boron source. Unlike previously reported methods that use organolithium reagents, this method allows the easy synthesis of cyclic diarylborinic acids bearing a range of functionalities including CN, CO2 Et, CONEt2 and NMeCO2t Bu. Furthermore, these cyclic diarylborinic acids provide rapid access to skeletal diversity, in particular they enable the synthesis of six- to nine-membered π-extended heteroarenes through simple cross-coupling reactions, which are important synthetic targets in both advanced materials and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Igarashi T, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Catalytic Double Carbon-Boron Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Cyclic Diarylborinic Acids as Versatile Building Blocks for π-Extended Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University, Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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40
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Zhu X, Yin F, Zhao H, Chen S, Bian Z. Some new azobenzene liquid crystals involving chalcone and ester linkages. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06958h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New azobenzene derivatives containing chalcone and ester linkages showed photo-responsive behaviours and alkoxy chain and terminal group effects on their mesomorphic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Fengnan Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
| | - Zhanxi Bian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- China
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41
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Ran X, Li Y, Gao Q, Qiu W, Guo L. A Smart Phase-Selective Gelator for Recycling Aromatic Solvents, the Removal of Toxic Dyes, and Molecular Delivery. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ran
- Institute of Photobiophysics; School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Yajie Li
- Institute of Photobiophysics; School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Qiongqiong Gao
- Institute of Photobiophysics; School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Physics; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Lijun Guo
- Institute of Photobiophysics; School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
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42
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Chakraborty S, Mondal P, Prasad SK, Rao DSS, Bhattacharjee CR. Induction of Mesomorphism through Supramolecular Assembly in Metal Coordination Compounds of “salphen”‐Type Schiff Bases: Photoluminescence and Solvatochromism. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of ChemistryAssam University788011SilcharAssamIndia
| | - S. Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences560013Jalahalli, BangaloreIndia
| | - D. S. Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences560013Jalahalli, BangaloreIndia
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43
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Ichikawa T, Okafuji A, Kato T, Ohno H. Induction of an Infinite Periodic Minimal Surface by Endowing An Amphiphilic Zwitterion with Halogen-Bond Ability. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:439-444. [PMID: 27777835 PMCID: PMC5062008 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed an amphiphilic zwitterion with an iodine‐substituted imidazolium cation. Although it forms a layered assembly with flat interfaces, the addition of an equimolar amount of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide results in the formation of a bicontinuous cubic liquid‐crystalline assembly with a primitive‐type infinite periodic minimal surface, where its zwitterionic headgroup sits regularly. IR measurements revealed that halogen bond between the iodine atoms on the imidazolium cation and the anions is involved in its molecular‐assembly behavior. The present results clearly indicate the potential utility of halogen bonding to control the dimensionality and continuity of the ionic/nonionic interface of amphiphiles in bulk and consequent mesophase patterns, which may be a significant new molecular technology for precisely arranging functional molecules on a 3D continuous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo184-8588 Japan; PRESTO The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi 332-0012 Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Okafuji
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohno
- Department of Biotechnology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Nakacho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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44
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Kawano SI, Hamazaki T, Suzuki A, Kurahashi K, Tanaka K. Metal-Ion-Induced Switch of Liquid-Crystalline Orientation of Metallomacrocycles. Chemistry 2016; 22:15674-15683. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Takashi Hamazaki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenshin Kurahashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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45
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Yang W, Monteiro JHSK, de Bettencourt‐Dias A, Catalano VJ, Chalifoux WA. Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, and Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | | | | | - Vincent J. Catalano
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
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46
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Yang W, Monteiro JHSK, de Bettencourt-Dias A, Catalano VJ, Chalifoux WA. Pyrenes, Peropyrenes, and Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10427-30. [PMID: 27457893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The design of a relatively simple and efficient method to extend the π-conjugation of readily available aromatics in one-dimension is of significant value. In this paper, pyrenes, peropyrenes, and teropyrenes were synthesized through a double or quadruple benzannulation reaction of alkynes promoted by Brønsted acid. This novel method does not involve cyclodehydrogenation (oxidative aryl-aryl coupling) to arrive at the newly incorporated large arene moieties. All of the target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good yields and were fully characterized with the structures unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. As expected, photophysical characterization clearly shows increasing red-shifts as a function of extended conjugation within the fused ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Jorge H S K Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ana de Bettencourt-Dias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Wesley A Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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47
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Suzuki H, Kawano K, Ohta K, Shimizu Y, Kobayashi N, Kimura M. Topological Control of Columnar Stacking Made of Liquid-Crystalline Thiophene-Fused Metallonaphthalocyanines. Chemistry 2016; 5:150-6. [PMID: 27308226 PMCID: PMC4906472 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous organization of two-dimensional polyaromatic molecules into well-defined nanostructures through noncovalent interactions is important in the development of organic-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Two regioisomers of thiophene-fused zinc naphthalocyanines ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo have been designed and synthesized to obtain photo- and electroactive liquid crystalline materials. Both compounds exhibited liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range through intermolecular π-π interactions and local phase segregation between the aromatic cores and peripheral side chains. The structural differences between ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo affected the stacking mode in self-assembled columns, as well as symmetry of the two-dimensional rectangular columnar lattice. The columnar structure in liquid crystalline phase exhibited an ambipolar charge-transport behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Kansai-Center 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yo Shimizu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Kansai-Center 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda Osaka 563-8577 Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
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48
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Horinouchi H, Sakai H, Araki Y, Sakanoue T, Takenobu T, Wada T, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Controllable Electronic Structures and Photoinduced Processes of Bay-Linked Perylenediimide Dimers and a Ferrocene-Linked Triad. Chemistry 2016; 22:9631-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Horinouchi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Tomo Sakanoue
- Department of Applied Physics; Waseda University; 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics; Waseda University; 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takehiko Wada
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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49
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Veerabhadraswamy BN, Dambal HK, Rao DSS, Yelamaggad CV. s-Triazine-Based Functional Discotic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis, Mesomorphism and Photoluminescence. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2225-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hashambi K. Dambal
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; Jalahalli Bangalore 560 013 India
| | - D. S. Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; Jalahalli Bangalore 560 013 India
| | - C. V. Yelamaggad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences; Jalahalli Bangalore 560 013 India
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50
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Li X, Li B, Chen L, Hu J, Wen C, Zheng Q, Wu L, Zeng H, Gong B, Yuan L. Liquid-crystalline mesogens based on cyclo[6]aramides: distinctive phase transitions in response to macrocyclic host-guest interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 54:11147-52. [PMID: 26352024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Producing macrocyclic mesogens that are responsive to guest encapsulation presents a significant challenge. Cyclo[6]aramides, a type of macrocycle with a hydrogen-bond-constrained backbone, exhibit thermotropic lamellar, discotic nematic, hexagonal, and rectangular columnar mesophases over a considerably wide temperature range, including at room temperature. Additionally, cyclo[6]aramides show unusual mesophase transitions from lamellar to hexagonal columnar phase mediated by macrocyclic host-guest (H-G) interactions between the macrocycles and alkylammonium salts. The phase transition, triggered by an organic guest engaging in H-G interactions with a macrocyclic cavity, provides a novel strategy for manipulating the properties of liquid-crystalline materials. The crystal structure of a homologous cyclo[6]aramide reveals a disk-shaped, near-planar molecular backbone that facilitates intermolecular π-π stacking and leads to columnar assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)
| | - Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)
| | - Long Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)
| | - Jinchuan Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)
| | - Chengdanyang Wen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002 (China)
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)
| | - Huaqiang Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669 (Singapore)
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 (USA).
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China).
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