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Shet H, Sahu R, Sanghvi YS, Kapdi AR. Strategies for the Synthesis of Fluorinated Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200066. [PMID: 35638251 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated nucleosides and oligonucleotides are of specific interest as probes for studying nucleic acids interaction, structures, biological transformations, and its biomedical applications. Among various modifications of oligonucleotides, fluorination of preformed nucleoside and/or nucleotides have recently gained attention owing to the unique properties of fluorine atoms imparting medicinal properties with respect to the small size, electronegativity, lipophilicity, and ability for stereochemical control. This review deals with synthetic protocols for selective fluorination either at sugar or base moiety in a preformed nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids using specific fluorinating reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology -, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013, India.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
| | - Yogesh S Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802, Crystal Ridge, Encinitas, CA92024-6615, California, USA
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh road, Matunga, Mumbai-400019, India
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2
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Garia A, Kumar S, Jain N. SelectfluorTM Mediated Tandem Fluorination and 1,3‐Carbonyl Migration in ortho‐Carbonyl Anilines: Charge Transfer Enabled ortho‐Selectivity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Garia
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz Khas Delhi INDIA
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Chemistry Hauz Khas Delhi INDIA
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Indian Institute of Technology Chemistry Hauz Khas 110016 Delhi INDIA
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3
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Hernández-Valdés D, Sadeghi S. Electrochemical Radiofluorination of Small Molecules: New Advances. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2397-2410. [PMID: 34010479 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of new 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals constantly demands innovations in the search for new radiofluorination methods. [18 F]fluoride is the simplest and most convenient chemical form of the isotope for the synthesis of 18 F-based radiopharmaceuticals. The ease of production and handling, as well as the possibility of obtaining high molar activities, makes it the preferred choice for radiofluorination. However, the use of [18 F]fluoride in late-stage radiofluorination comes with challenges, especially for the radiolabeling of electron-rich molecules where SN 2 and SN Ar reactions are not suitable. New developments in fluorination chemistry have been extensively studied to overcome these difficulties. Selective electrochemical oxidation of precursors, using a controlled potential, is one method to create reactive intermediates and overcome the activation energy required for nucleophilic fluorination of electron-rich moieties. This method has been used for years in cold fluorination of organic molecules and more recently has been adapted as an alternative to traditional radiofluorination methods. Although relatively young, this field stands out as a promising route for the synthesis of new PET probes as well as fluorinated pharmaceuticals. This review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical radiofluorination as an alternative for the late-stage radiolabeling of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 L8, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Yang Y, Gao X, Zeng X, Han J, Xu B. Hydrogen-Bond-Donor Solvents Enable Catalyst-Free (Radio)-Halogenation and Deuteration of Organoborons. Chemistry 2020; 27:1297-1300. [PMID: 32966636 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen bond donor solvent assisted (radio)halogenation and deuteration of organoborons has been developed. The reactions exhibited high functional group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. Most importantly, compared to literature methods, our conditions are more consistent with the principals of green chemistry (e.g., metal-free, strong oxidant-free, more straightforward conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Han
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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5
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Pees A, Windhorst AD, Vosjan MJWD, Tadino V, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of [18
F]Fluoroform with High Molar Activity. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Tadino
- ORA Neptis; Rue de la Gendarmerie 50/B 5600 Philippeville Belgium
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Radionuclide Center; Amsterdam UMC, VU University; De Boelelaan 1085c Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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7
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Wu J, Zhao Q, Wilson TC, Verhoog S, Lu L, Gouverneur V, Shen Q. Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [ 18 F]ArylSCF 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2413-2417. [PMID: 30575245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A highly reactive electrophilic bromodifluoromethylthiolating reagent, α-cumyl bromodifluoro-methanesulfenate 1, was prepared to allow for direct bromodifluoromethylthiolation of aryl boron reagents. This coupling reaction takes place under copper catalysis, and affords a large range of bromodifluoromethylthiolated arenes. These compounds are amenable to various transformations including halogen exchange with [18 F]KF/K222 , a process giving access to [18 F]arylSCF3 in two steps from the corresponding aryl boronic pinacol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qunchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Thomas C Wilson
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Long Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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8
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Synthesis and Reactivity of α-Cumyl Bromodifluoromethanesulfenate: Application to the Radiosynthesis of [18
F]ArylSCF3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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10
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Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18 F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:472-476. [PMID: 30452114 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkenes from [18 F]fluoride is reported. This transformation is highly regioselective giving the desired 18 F-fluoroalkenes with radiochemical purities of up to 77 % within 20 minutes and a molar activity (Am ) of 1 GBq μmol-1 . The transformations are operationally simple to perform and were readily translated onto a commercial automated synthesis unit. The resultant 1,1-[18 F]difluorinated alkene motif is prevalent in numerous drug molecules, and this is the first general method to synthesize this motif with fluorine-18. 18 F-fluorinated alkenes are excellent building blocks and participate in a number of post-labeling transformations to access a range of 18 F-perfluorinated functional groups that have never before been radiolabeled with non-carrier-added [18 F]fluoride. This method considerably expands the range of 18 F-motifs accessible to radiochemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rüdiger M Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Frost AB, Brambilla M, Exner RM, Tredwell M. Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1-[ 18
F]Difluorinated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aileen B. Frost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Rüdiger M. Exner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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12
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Wu S, Wu X, Wang D, Zhu C. Regioselective Vinylation of Remote Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds: Access to Complex Fluoroalkylated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1499-1503. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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13
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Wu S, Wu X, Wang D, Zhu C. Regioselective Vinylation of Remote Unactivated C(sp3)−H Bonds: Access to Complex Fluoroalkylated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science; Soochow University; 199 Ren-Ai Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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14
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15
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Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Ling-Ling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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16
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Xing B, Ni C, Hu J. Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Catalyzed Balz-Schiemann Fluorination under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9896-9900. [PMID: 29932480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented hypervalent iodine(III) catalyzed Balz-Schiemann reaction is described. In the presence of a hypervalent iodine compound, the fluorination reaction proceeds under mild conditions (25-60 °C), and features a wide substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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17
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Brunner C, Andries-Ulmer A, Kiefl GM, Gulder T. Hypervalent Fluoroiodane-Triggered Synthesis of Fluoro-Azabenzoxazepines and Azaindoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Anna Andries-Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Gabriel M. Kiefl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center (CRC); Technical University Munich; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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18
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Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2924-2928. [PMID: 29276938 PMCID: PMC6233894 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a widely applicable nucleophilic (radio)fluoroclick reaction of ynamides with readily available and easy-to-handle KF(18 F). The reactions exhibited high functional-group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. This 18 F addition to C-C unsaturated bonds proceeded with extraordinarily high radiochemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.,
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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19
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Zeng X, Li J, Ng CK, Hammond GB, Xu B. (Radio)fluoroclick Reaction Enabled by a Hydrogen-Bonding Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Chin K. Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Gerald B. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry; University of Louisville; Louisville KY 40292 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 China
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20
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Zischler J, Kolks N, Modemann D, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Alcohol-Enhanced Cu-Mediated Radiofluorination. Chemistry 2017; 23:3251-3256. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zischler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Niklas Kolks
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
| | - Daniel Modemann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
| | - Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging; University Clinic Cologne; Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Cologne Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research; Gleueler Str. 50 50931 Cologne Germany
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21
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Competition of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, σ-Bond Metathesis, and syn
Hydrometalation in Titanium(III)-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Arenes. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3062-3071. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Shi H, Braun A, Wang L, Liang SH, Vasdev N, Ritter T. Synthesis of (18) F-Difluoromethylarenes from Aryl (Pseudo) Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10786-90. [PMID: 27491349 PMCID: PMC5189681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of [(18) F]difluoromethylarenes from [(18) F]fluoride for radiopharmaceutical discovery is reported. The method is practical, operationally simple, tolerates a wide scope of functional groups, and enables the labeling of a variety of arenes and heteroarenes with radiochemical yields (RCYs, not decay-corrected) from 10 to 60 %. The (18) F-fluorination precursors are readily prepared from aryl chlorides, bromides, iodides, and triflates. Seven (18) F-difluoromethylarene drug analogues and radiopharmaceuticals including Claritin, fluoxetine (Prozac), and [(18) F]DAA1106 were synthesized to show the potential of the method for applications in PET radiopharmaceutical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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23
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Shi H, Braun A, Wang L, Liang SH, Vasdev N, Ritter T. Synthesis of 18
F-Difluoromethylarenes from Aryl (Pseudo) Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Augustin Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology; Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology; Harvard Medical School; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; 12 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Gordon Center for Medical Imaging; Massachusetts General Hospital; 55 Fruit Street Boston MA 02114 USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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24
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Guérard F, Lee YS, Baidoo K, Gestin JF, Brechbiel MW. Unexpected Behavior of the Heaviest Halogen Astatine in the Nucleophilic Substitution of Aryliodonium Salts. Chemistry 2016; 22:12332-9. [PMID: 27305065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryliodonium salts have become precursors of choice for the synthesis of (18) F-labeled tracers for nuclear imaging. However, little is known on the reactivity of these compounds with heavy halides, that is, radioiodide and astatide, at the radiotracer scale. In the first comparative study of radiohalogenation of aryliodonium salts with (125) I(-) and (211) At(-) , initial experiments on a model compound highlight the higher reactivity of astatide compared to iodide, which could not be anticipated from the trends previously observed within the halogen series. Kinetic studies indicate a significant difference in activation energy (Ea =23.5 and 17.1 kcal mol(-1) with (125) I(-) and (211) At(-) , respectively). Quantum chemical calculations suggest that astatination occurs via the monomeric form of an iodonium complex whereas iodination occurs via a heterodimeric iodonium intermediate. The good to excellent regioselectivity of halogenation and high yields achieved with diversely substituted aryliodonium salts indicate that this class of compounds is a promising alternative to the stannane chemistry currently used for heavy radiohalogen labeling of tracers in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérard
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA. .,Inserm U892, CNRS UMR6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Yong-Sok Lee
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kwamena Baidoo
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | - Martin W Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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25
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Buckingham F, Gouverneur V. Asymmetric 18F-fluorination for applications in positron emission tomography. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1645-1652. [PMID: 28808536 PMCID: PMC5535067 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming more frequently used by medicinal chemists to facilitate the selection of the most promising lead compounds for further evaluation. For PET, this entails the preparation of 11C- or 18F-labeled drugs or radioligands. With the importance of chirality and fluorine substitution in drug development, chemists can be faced with the challenge of preparing enantiopure molecules featuring the 18F-tag on a stereogenic carbon. Asymmetric 18F-fluorination is an emerging field of research that provides an alternative to resolution or conventional SN2-based radiochemistry. To date, both transition metal complexes and organomediators have been successfully employed for 18F-incorporation at a stereogenic carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Buckingham
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , OX1 3UQ , Oxford , UK .
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , OX1 3UQ , Oxford , UK .
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26
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Jadhav VH, Choi W, Lee SS, Lee S, Kim DW. Bis-tert
-Alcohol-Functionalized Crown-6-Calix[4]arene: An Organic Promoter for Nucleophilic Fluorination. Chemistry 2016; 22:4515-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod H. Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu Incheon 402-751 Korea), Fax: (+82) 32-867-5604
| | - Wonsil Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu Incheon 402-751 Korea), Fax: (+82) 32-867-5604
| | - Sung-Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi 446-701 Korea
| | - Sungyul Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Gyeonggi 446-701 Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Inha University; 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu Incheon 402-751 Korea), Fax: (+82) 32-867-5604
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27
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Ulmer A, Brunner C, Arnold AM, Pöthig A, Gulder T. A Fluorination/Aryl Migration/Cyclization Cascade for the Metal-Free Synthesis of Fluoro-Benzoxazepines. Chemistry 2015; 22:3660-4. [PMID: 26641801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated organic molecules are of high interest for many applications across chemical and medical disciplines. Efficient methods for the synthesis of such compounds are thus needed. Within this work, application of the bench-stable cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) fluoro reagent 1 facilitated the development of an efficient, metal-free method for the preparation of the novel class of 4-fluoro-1,3-benzoxazepines starting from readily available styrenes. The efficacy and broad applicability of this concept is demonstrated by the synthesis of 20 structurally diverse congeners in high yields, regio-, and diastereoselectivities. The presented method provides complementary chemoselectivity when compared to the common, commercially available electrophilic fluorination reagents, such as selectfluor. First mechanistic investigations with isotopically labeled substrates reveal a complex reaction mechanism, proceeding via an unusual fluorination/1,2-aryl migration/cyclization cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ulmer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Brunner
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas M Arnold
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
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28
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Zheng J, Wang L, Lin JH, Xiao JC, Liang SH. Difluorocarbene-Derived Trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aliphatic Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13236-40. [PMID: 26387796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The first trifluoromethylthiolation and [(18)F]trifluoromethylthiolation of alkyl electrophiles with in situ generated difluorocarbene in the presence of elemental sulfur and external (radioactive) fluoride ion is described. This transition-metal-free approach is high yielding, compatible with a variety of functional groups, and operated under mild reaction conditions. The conceptual advantage of this exogenous-fluoride-mediated transformation enables unprecedented syntheses of [(18)F]CF3S-labeled molecules from most commonly used [(18)F]fluoride ions. The rapid radiochemical reaction time (≤1 min) and high functional-group tolerance allow access to a variety of aliphatic [(18)F]CF3S compounds in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China).
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA).
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29
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Zheng J, Wang L, Lin J, Xiao J, Liang SH. Difluorocarbene‐Derived Trifluoromethylthiolation and [
18
F]Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aliphatic Electrophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Jin‐Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Ji‐Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China)
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., White 427, Boston, MA (USA)
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30
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Buckingham F, Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, Krzyczmonik A, Keller T, Newington IM, Glaser M, Luthra SK, Solin O, Gouverneur V. Organomediated Enantioselective (18)F Fluorination for PET Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13366-9. [PMID: 26360631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The first organomediated asymmetric (18)F fluorination has been accomplished using a chiral imidazolidinone and [(18)F]N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. The method provides access to enantioenriched (18)F-labeled α-fluoroaldehydes (>90% ee), which are versatile chiral (18)F synthons for the synthesis of radiotracers. The utility of this process is demonstrated with the synthesis of the PET (positron emission tomography) tracer (2S,4S)-4-[(18)F]fluoroglutamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Buckingham
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Anna K Kirjavainen
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Anna Krzyczmonik
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Thomas Keller
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Ian M Newington
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Matthias Glaser
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Sajinder K Luthra
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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31
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Buckingham F, Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, Krzyczmonik A, Keller T, Newington IM, Glaser M, Luthra SK, Solin O, Gouverneur V. Organomediated Enantioselective
18
F Fluorination for PET Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faye Buckingham
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Anna K. Kirjavainen
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Anna Krzyczmonik
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Thomas Keller
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Ian M. Newington
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Matthias Glaser
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Sajinder K. Luthra
- GE Healthcare, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, HP7 9LL (UK)
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Kiinamyllynkatu 4–8, 20520 Turku (Finland)
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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32
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Khotavivattana T, Verhoog S, Tredwell M, Pfeifer L, Calderwood S, Wheelhouse K, Lee Collier T, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Aryl-SCF3, -OCF3 and -OCHF2 with [(18)F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9991-5. [PMID: 26140357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report that halogenophilic silver(I) triflate permits halogen exchange (halex) nucleophilic (18)F-fluorination of aryl-OCHFCl, -OCF2Br and -SCF2Br precursors under mild conditions. This Ag(I)-mediated process allows for the first time access to a range of (18)F-labeled aryl-OCHF2, -OCF3 and -SCF3 derivatives, inclusive of [(18)F]riluzole. The (18)F-labeling of these medicinally important motifs expands the radiochemical space available for PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Samuel Calderwood
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Katherine Wheelhouse
- Medicines Discovery & Development, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY (UK)
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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33
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Yuan W, Szabó KJ. Catalytic Intramolecular Aminofluorination, Oxyfluorination, and Carbofluorination with a Stable and Versatile Hypervalent Fluoroiodine Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8533-7. [PMID: 26069071 PMCID: PMC4531827 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of a fluoroiodine analogue of the Togni reagent was studied in fluorocyclization reactions. In the presence of a transition-metal catalyst the applied fluoroiodine reagent can be used for aminofluorination, oxyfluorination, and carbofluorination reactions. The described procedure has a very broad synthetic scope for preparation of functionalized hetero- and isocyclic compounds having a tertiary fluorine substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yuan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University (Sweden) http://www.organ.su.se/ks/
| | - Kálmán J Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University (Sweden) http://www.organ.su.se/ks/.
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34
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Khotavivattana T, Verhoog S, Tredwell M, Pfeifer L, Calderwood S, Wheelhouse K, Lee Collier T, Gouverneur V. 18F-Labeling of Aryl-SCF3, -OCF3and -OCHF2with [18F]Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Yuan W, Szabó KJ. Catalytic Intramolecular Aminofluorination, Oxyfluorination, and Carbofluorination with a Stable and Versatile Hypervalent Fluoroiodine Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Krapf P, Zarrad F, Urusova EA, Kordys E, Endepols H, Neumaier B. Copper-mediated aromatic radiofluorination revisited: efficient production of PET tracers on a preparative scale. Chemistry 2015; 21:5972-9. [PMID: 25708748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two novel methods for copper-mediated aromatic nucleophilic radiofluorination were recently reported. Evaluation of these methods reveals that, although both are efficient in small-scale experiments, they are inoperative for the production of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Since high base content turned out to be responsible for low radiochemical conversions, a "low base" protocol has been developed which affords (18)F-labeled arenes from diaryliodonium salts and aryl pinacol boronates in reasonable yields. Furthermore, implementation of our "minimalist" approach to the copper-mediated [(18)F]-fluorination of (mesityl)(aryl)iodonium salts allows the preparation of (18)F-labeled arenes in excellent RCCs. The novel radiofluorination method circumvents time-consuming azeotropic drying and avoids the utilization of base and other additives, such as cryptands. Furthermore, this procedure enables the production of clinically relevant PET tracers; [(18)F]FDA, 4-[(18)F]FPhe, and [(18)F]DAA1106 are obtained in good isolated radiochemical yields. Additionally, [(18)F]DAA1106 has been evaluated in a rat stroke model and demonstrates excellent potential for visualization of translocator protein 18 kDa overexpression associated with neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne (Germany), Fax: (+49) 221-47886851; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne (Germany)
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37
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Neumann CN, Ritter T. Late-stage fluorination: fancy novelty or useful tool? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3216-21. [PMID: 25653137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Charming fluorine: This Essay examines the recent surge in late-stage fluorination reactions and outlines challenges that need to be overcome to increase the impact of modern fluorination methods on the synthesis of complex organofluorine compounds. It is outlined how an improved understanding of the bonding interactions of fluoride could lead to a new class of mild fluorinating reagents and a range of functional-group-tolerant reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA) http://www.chem.harvard.edu/groups/ritter/
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38
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Fluorierung in späten Synthesestadien: extravagante Neuheit oder nützliches Hilfsmittel? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Ilchenko NO, Tasch BOA, Szabó KJ. Mild silver-mediated geminal difluorination of styrenes using an air- and moisture-stable fluoroiodane reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12897-901. [PMID: 25335468 PMCID: PMC4501311 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An air- and moisture-stable fluoroiodane in the presence of AgBF4 is suitable for selective geminal difluorination of styrenes under mild reaction conditions. One of the CF bonds is formed by transfer of electrophilic fluorine from the hypervalent iodine reagent, while the other one arises from the tetrafluoroborate counterion of silver. Deuterium-isotope-labelling experiments and rearrangement of methyl styrene substrates suggest that the reaction proceeds through a phenonium ion intermediate.
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40
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Ahrens T, Kohlmann J, Ahrens M, Braun T. Functionalization of fluorinated molecules by transition-metal-mediated C-F bond activation to access fluorinated building blocks. Chem Rev 2014; 115:931-72. [PMID: 25347593 DOI: 10.1021/cr500257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ahrens
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Ilchenko NO, Tasch BOA, Szabó KJ. Mild Silver-Mediated Geminal Difluorination of Styrenes Using an Air- and Moisture-Stable Fluoroiodane Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Kindt S, Heinrich MR. Intermolecular Radical Carbofluorination of Non-activated Alkenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:15344-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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van der Born D, Sewing C, Herscheid JKDM, Windhorst AD, Orru RVA, Vugts DJ. A Universal Procedure for the [18F]Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Boronic Acids with Highly Improved Specific Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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van der Born D, Sewing C, Herscheid JKDM, Windhorst AD, Orru RVA, Vugts DJ. A Universal Procedure for the [18F]Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Boronic Acids with Highly Improved Specific Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11046-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Tredwell M, Preshlock SM, Taylor NJ, Gruber S, Huiban M, Passchier J, Mercier J, Génicot C, Gouverneur V. A general copper-mediated nucleophilic 18F fluorination of arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7751-5. [PMID: 24916101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecules labeled with fluorine-18 are used as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. An important challenge is the labeling of arenes not amenable to aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) with [(18)F]F(-). In the ideal case, the (18)F fluorination of these substrates would be performed through reaction of [(18)F]KF with shelf-stable readily available precursors using a broadly applicable method suitable for automation. Herein, we describe the realization of these requirements with the production of (18)F arenes from pinacol-derived aryl boronic esters (arylBPin) upon treatment with [(18)F]KF/K222 and [Cu(OTf)2(py)4] (OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate, py = pyridine). This method tolerates electron-poor and electron-rich arenes and various functional groups, and allows access to 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-DOPA, 6-[(18)F]fluoro-m-tyrosine, and the translocator protein (TSPO) PET ligand [(18)F]DAA1106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
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46
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Ivashkin P, Lemonnier G, Cousin J, Grégoire V, Labar D, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. [18F]CuCF3: A [18F]Trifluoromethylating Agent for Arylboronic Acids and Aryl Iodides. Chemistry 2014; 20:9514-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Tredwell M, Preshlock SM, Taylor NJ, Gruber S, Huiban M, Passchier J, Mercier J, Génicot C, Gouverneur V. A General Copper-Mediated Nucleophilic18F Fluorination of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Extremely Fast Gas/Liquid Reactions in Flow Microreactors: Carboxylation of Short-Lived Organolithiums. Chemistry 2014; 20:7931-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Dang H, Mailig M, Lalic G. Mild copper-catalyzed fluorination of alkyl triflates with potassium fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6473-6. [PMID: 24838874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective catalytic fluorination of alkyl triflates is described using potassium fluoride as a fluoride source. Excellent yields of the desired alkyl fluorides are obtained after one hour at 45 °C using 2 mol% of the copper catalyst. With 10 mol% of the catalyst, full conversion can be achieved in less than 10 minutes at 45 °C, and thus makes this procedure potentially suited for the preparation of (18) F-labeled PET probes. As a result of the mild reaction conditions, only the substitution products are observed with no evidence of common side reactions, such as elimination. Reported is a preliminary study of the reaction scope, which demonstrates that the fluorination can be performed in the presence of a wide range of functional groups. Evidence suggests an unusual role of the [IPrCuOTf] catalyst as a phase-transfer catalyst and points to [IPrCuF] as the active fluorinating reagent (IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
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50
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Dang H, Mailig M, Lalic G. Mild Copper‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Alkyl Triflates with Potassium Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hester Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Melrose Mailig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
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