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Piccinini E, Allegretto JA, Scotto J, Cantillo AL, Fenoy GE, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Surface Engineering of Graphene through Heterobifunctional Supramolecular-Covalent Scaffolds for Rapid COVID-19 Biomarker Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43696-43707. [PMID: 34470205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional semiconducting material whose application for diagnostics has been a real game-changer in terms of sensitivity and response time, variables of paramount importance to stop the COVID-19 spreading. Nevertheless, strategies for the modification of docking recognition and antifouling elements to obtain covalent-like stability without the disruption of the graphene band structure are still needed. In this work, we conducted surface engineering of graphene through heterofunctional supramolecular-covalent scaffolds based on vinylsulfonated-polyamines (PA-VS). In these scaffolds, one side binds graphene through multivalent π-π interactions with pyrene groups, and the other side presents vinylsulfonated pending groups that can be used for covalent binding. The construction of PA-VS scaffolds was demonstrated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The covalent binding of -SH, -NH2, or -OH groups was confirmed, and it evidenced great chemical versatility. After field-effect studies, we found that the PA-VS-based scaffolds do not disrupt the semiconducting properties of graphene. Moreover, the scaffolds were covalently modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which improved the resistance to nonspecific proteins by almost 7-fold compared to the widely used PEG-monopyrene approach. The attachment of recognition elements to PA-VS was optimized for concanavalin A (ConA), a model lectin with a high affinity to glycans. Lastly, the platform was implemented for the rapid, sensitive, and regenerable recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin in lab-made samples. Those two are the target molecules of major importance for the rapid detection and monitoring of COVID-19-positive patients. For that purpose, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were bound to the scaffolds, resulting in a surface coverage of 436 ± 30 ng/cm2. KD affinity constants of 48.4 and 2.54 nM were obtained by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ferritin binding on these supramolecular scaffolds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Piccinini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juan A Allegretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Juliana Scotto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Agustín L Cantillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
- GISENS BIOTECH, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1195, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, CC 16 Suc. 4, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
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Li Z, Zhang W, Xing F. Graphene Optical Biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2461. [PMID: 31109057 PMCID: PMC6567174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene shows great potential in biosensing owing to its extraordinary optical, electrical and physical properties. In particular, graphene possesses unique optical properties, such as broadband and tunable absorption, and strong polarization-dependent effects. This lays a foundation for building graphene-based optical sensors. This paper selectively reviews recent advances in graphene-based optical sensors and biosensors. Graphene-based optical biosensors can be used for single cell detection, cell line, and anticancer drug detection, protein and antigen-antibody detection. These new high-performance graphene-based optical sensors are able to detect surface structural changes and biomolecular interactions. In all these cases, the optical biosensors perform well with ultra-fast detection, high sensitivities, unmarked, and are able to respond in real time. The future of the field of graphene applications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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Valášek M, Mayor M. Spatial and Lateral Control of Functionality by Rigid Molecular Platforms. Chemistry 2017; 23:13538-13548. [PMID: 28766790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface mounted molecular devices have received significant attention in the scientific community because of their unique ability to construct functional materials. The key involves the platform on which the molecular device works on solid substrates, such as in solid-liquid or solid-vacuum interfaces. Here, we outline the concept of rigid molecular platforms to immobilize active functionality atop flat surfaces in a controllable manner. Most of these (multipodal) platforms have at least three anchoring groups to control the spatial arrangement of the protruding functional moieties and form mechanically stable and electronically tuned contacts to the underlying substrate. Another approach is based on employing of flat aromatic scaffolds bearing perpendicular functionalities that form stable lateral assemblies on various surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable assembly and separation of these tailor-made molecules that expose functionalities at the molecular scale. The discussions are focused on the different molecular designs realizing functional 3D architectures on surfaces, the role of various anchoring strategies to control the spatial arrangement, and structural considerations controlling physical features like the coupling to the surface or the available space for sterically demanding molecular operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Hu R, Zhang X, Xu Q, Lu DQ, Yang YH, Xu QQ, Ruan Q, Mo LT, Zhang XB. A universal aptameric biosensor: Multiplexed detection of small analytes via aggregated perylene-based broad-spectrum quencher. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:40-46. [PMID: 28187297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A universal aptameric system based on the taking advantage of double-stranded DNA/perylene diimide (dsDNA/PDI) as the signal probe was developed for multiplexed detection of small molecules. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides which are selected in vitro by a process known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. In this work, we synthesized a new kind of PDI and reported this aggregated PDI could quench the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-labeled fluorophores with a high quenching efficiency. The quenching efficiencies on the fluorescence of FAM, TAMRA and Cy5 could reach to 98.3%±0.9%, 97.2%±0.6% and 98.1%±1.1%, respectively. This broad-spectrum quencher was then adopted to construct a multicolor biosensor via a label-free approach. A structure-switching-triggered enzymatic recycling amplification was employed for signal amplification. High quenching efficiency combined with autocatalytic target recycling amplification afforded the biosensor with high sensitivity towards small analytes. For other targets, changing the corresponding aptamer can achieve the goal. The quencher did not interfere with the catalytic activity of nuclease. The biosensor could be manipulated with similar sensitivity no matter in pre-addition or post-addition manner. Moreover, simultaneous and multiplexed analysis of several small molecules in homogeneous solution was achieved, demonstrating its potential application in the rapid screening of multiple biotargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Dan-Qing Lu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theronastics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yun-Hui Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Quan-Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Qiong Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Liu-Ting Mo
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theronastics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theronastics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Liu T, Hu R, Lv YF, Wu Y, Liang H, Huan SY, Zhang XB, Tan W, Yu RQ. An aggregated perylene-based broad-spectrum, efficient and label-free quencher for multiplexed fluorescent bioassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 58:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hu R, Liu T, Zhang XB, Huan SY, Wu C, Fu T, Tan W. Multicolor fluorescent biosensor for multiplexed detection of DNA. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5009-16. [PMID: 24731194 PMCID: PMC4033642 DOI: 10.1021/ac500618v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of efficient methods for highly sensitive and rapid screening of specific oligonucleotide sequences is essential to the early diagnosis of serious diseases. In this work, an aggregated cationic perylene diimide (PDI) derivative was found to efficiently quench the fluorescence emission of a variety of anionic oligonucleotide-labeled fluorophores that emit at wavelengths from the visible to NIR region. This broad-spectrum quencher was then adopted to develop a multicolor biosensor via a label-free approach for multiplexed fluorescent detection of DNA. The aggregated perylene derivative exhibits a very high quenching efficiency on all ssDNA-labeled dyes associated with biosensor detection, having efficiency values of 98.3 ± 0.9%, 97 ± 1.1%, and 98.2 ± 0.6% for FAM, TAMRA, and Cy5, respectively. An exonuclease-assisted autocatalytic target recycling amplification was also integrated into the sensing system. High quenching efficiency combined with autocatalytic target recycling amplification afforded the biosensor with high sensitivity toward target DNA, resulting in a detection limit of 20 pM, which is about 50-fold lower than that of traditional unamplified homogeneous fluorescent assay methods. The quencher did not interfere with the catalytic activity of nuclease, and the biosensor could be manipulated in either preaddition or postaddition manner with similar sensitivity. Moreover, the proposed sensing system allows for simultaneous and multicolor analysis of several oligonucleotides in homogeneous solution, demonstrating its potential application in the rapid screening of multiple biotargets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Center
for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and
Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center,
UF Genetics Institute, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Yan Huan
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Cuichen Wu
- Center
for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and
Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center,
UF Genetics Institute, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ting Fu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
- Center
for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and
Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center,
UF Genetics Institute, and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Morales-Narváez E, Hassan AR, Merkoçi A. Graphene Oxide as a Pathogen-Revealing Agent: Sensing with a Digital-Like Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morales-Narváez E, Hassan AR, Merkoçi A. Graphene Oxide as a Pathogen-Revealing Agent: Sensing with a Digital-Like Response. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13779-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards: W. R. Dichtel, M. Fujita, M. J. Krische, D. S. Matteson, B. S. Moore, T. W. Muir, J. R. Norton, S. E. Reisman, M. F. Semmelhack, S. S. Stahl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards: W. R. Dichtel, M. Fujita, M. J. Krische, D. S. Matteson, B. S. Moore, T. W. Muir, J. R. Norton, S. E. Reisman, M. F. Semmelhack, S. S. Stahl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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