1
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Meijer JG, Kant P, Lohse D. Freezing-induced topological transition of double-emulsion. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2491-2495. [PMID: 38385589 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Solidification of complex liquids is pertinent to numerous natural and industrial processes. Here, we examine the freezing of a W/O/W double-emulsion, i.e., water-in-oil compound droplets dispersed in water. We show that the solidification of such hierarchical emulsions can trigger a topological transition; for example, in our case, we observe the transition from the stable W/O/W state to a (frozen) O/W single-emulsion configuration. Strikingly, this transition is characterised by sudden expulsion of the inner water drop from the encapsulating oil droplet. We propose that this topological transition is triggered by the freezing of the encapsulating oil droplet from the outside in, putting tension on the inner water drop thus, destabilizing the W/O/W configuration. Using high-speed imaging we characterize the destabilization process. Interestingly, we find that below a critical size of the inner drop, Rin,crit ≈ 19 μm, the topological transition does not occur any more and the double-emulsion remains stable, in line with our interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem G Meijer
- Physics of Fluids group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Pallav Kant
- School of Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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2
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Sprockel AJ, Khan MA, de Ruiter M, Alting MT, Macmillan KA, Haase MF. Fabrication of bijels with sub-micron domains via a single-channel flow device. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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3
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Abbasi N, Nunes JK, Pan Z, Dethe T, Shum HC, Košmrlj A, Stone HA. Flows of a nonequilibrated aqueous two-phase system in a microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3551-3561. [PMID: 37144458 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation is a rich and dynamic process, which recently has gained new interest, especially in biology and for material synthesis. In this work, we experimentally show that co-flow of a nonequilibrated aqueous two-phase system within a planar flow-focusing microfluidic device results in a three-dimensional flow, as the two nonequilibrated solutions move downstream along the length of the microchannel. After the system reaches steady-state, invasion fronts from the outer stream are formed along the top and bottom walls of the microfluidic device. The invasion fronts advance towards the center of the channel, until they merge. We first show by tuning the concentration of polymer species within the system that the formation of these fronts is due to liquid-liquid phase separation. Moreover, the rate of invasion from the outer stream increases with increasing polymer concentrations in the streams. We hypothesize the invasion front formation and growth is driven by Marangoni flow induced by the polymer concentration gradient along the width of the channel, as the system is undergoing phase separation. In addition, we show how at various downstream positions the system reaches its steady-state configuration once the two fluid streams flow side-by-side in the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Abbasi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Janine K Nunes
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Zehao Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Tejas Dethe
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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4
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Zhang H, Wang F, Nestler B. Janus Droplet Formation via Thermally Induced Phase Separation: A Numerical Model with Diffusion and Convection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6882-6895. [PMID: 35617199 PMCID: PMC9178917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microscale Janus particles have versatile potential applications in many physical and biomedical fields, such as microsensor, micromotor, and drug delivery. Here, we present a phase-field approach of multicomponent and multiphase to investigate the Janus droplet formation via thermally induced phase separation. The crucial kinetics for the formation of Janus droplets consisting of two polymer species and a solvent component via an interplay of both diffusion and convection is considered in the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equation. The simulation results of the phase-field model show that unequal interfacial tensions between the two polymer species and the solvent result in asymmetric phase separation in the formation process of Janus droplets. This asymmetric phase separation plays a vital role in the establishment of the so-called core-shell structure that has been observed in previous experiments. By varying the droplet size, the surface tension, and the molecular interaction between the polymer species, several novel droplet morphologies are predicted in the development process of Janus droplets. Moreover, we stress that the hydrodynamics should be reckoned as a non-negligible mechanism that not only accelerates the Janus droplet evolution but also has great impacts on the coarsening and coalescence of the Janus droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhang
- Institute
of Applied Materials-Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute
of Applied Materials-Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute
of Applied Materials-Microstructure Modelling and Simulation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe
University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Kharal SP, Haase MF. Centrifugal Assembly of Helical Bijel Fibers for pH Responsive Composite Hydrogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106826. [PMID: 35048516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In microfluidics, centrifugal forces are important for centrifugal microfluidic chips and curved microchannels. Here, an unrecognized use of the centrifugal effect in microfluidics is introduced. The assembly of helical soft matter fibers in a rotating microcapillary is investigated. During assembly, the fibers undergo phase separation, generating particle stabilized bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsions gels. This process is accompanied by a transition of the fiber density over time. As a result, the direction of the centrifugal force in the rotating microcapillary changes. The authors analyze this effect systematically with high-speed video microscopy and complementary computer simulations. The resulting understanding enables the control of the helical fiber assembly into microropes. These microropes can be converted into pH responsive hydrogels that swell and shrink with potential applications in tissue engineering, soft robotics, controlled release, and sensing. More generally, the knowledge gained from this work shows that centrifugal forces potentially enable directed self-assembly or separation of colloids, biological cells, and emulsions in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar P Kharal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
| | - Martin F Haase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA
- Van't Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, CH Utrecht, 3583, The Netherlands
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6
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Zhu P, Wang L. Microfluidics-Enabled Soft Manufacture of Materials with Tailorable Wettability. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7010-7060. [PMID: 34918913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics and wettability are interrelated and mutually reinforcing fields, experiencing synergistic growth. Surface wettability is paramount in regulating microfluidic flows for processing and manipulating fluids at the microscale. Microfluidics, in turn, has emerged as a versatile platform for tailoring the wettability of materials. We present a critical review on the microfluidics-enabled soft manufacture (MESM) of materials with well-controlled wettability and their multidisciplinary applications. Microfluidics provides a variety of liquid templates for engineering materials with exquisite composition and morphology, laying the foundation for precisely controlling the wettability. Depending on the degree of ordering, liquid templates are divided into individual droplets, one-dimensional (1D) arrays, and two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) assemblies for the modular fabrication of microparticles, microfibers, and monolithic porous materials, respectively. Future exploration of MESM will enrich the diversity of chemical composition and physical structure for wettability control and thus markedly broaden the application horizons across engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review aims to systematize this emerging yet robust technology, with the hope of aiding the realization of its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Dang S, Brady J, Rel R, Surineni S, O'Shaughnessy C, McGorty R. Core-shell droplets and microcapsules formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of a colloid-polymer mixture. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8300-8307. [PMID: 34550150 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules allow for the controlled containment, transport, and release of cargoes ranging from pharmaceuticals to fragrances. Given the interest from a variety of industries in microcapsules and other core-shell structures, a multitude of fabrication strategies exist. Here, we report on a method relying on a mixture of temperature-responsive microgel particles, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), and a polymer which undergo fluid-fluid phase separation. At room temperature this mixture separates into colloid-rich (liquid) and colloid-poor (gas) fluids. By heating the sample above a critical temperature where the microgel particles shrink dramatically and develop a more deeply attractive interparticle potential, the droplets of the colloid-rich phase become gel-like. As the temperature is lowered back to room temperature, these droplets of gelled colloidal particles reliquefy and phase separation within the droplet occurs. This phase separation leads to colloid-poor droplets within the colloid-rich droplets surrounded by a continuous colloid-poor phase. The gas/liquid/gas all-aqueous double emulsion lasts only a few minutes before a majority of the inner droplets escape. However, the colloid-rich shell of the core-shell droplets can solidify with the addition of salt. That this method creates core-shell structures with a shell composed of stimuli-sensitive microgel colloidal particles using only aqueous components makes it attractive for encapsulating biological materials and making capsules that respond to changes in, for example, temperature, salt concentration, or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dang
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - John Brady
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Ryle Rel
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Sreenidhi Surineni
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Conor O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
| | - Ryan McGorty
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA.
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8
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Zhang H, Wu Y, Wang F, Guo F, Nestler B. Phase-Field Modeling of Multiple Emulsions Via Spinodal Decomposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5275-5281. [PMID: 33885306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, multiple emulsions via liquid-liquid phase separation in ternary polymer solutions have sparked considerable interest because of its remarkable potential in physical, medical, and biological applications. The transient "onion-like" multilayers are highly dependent on the evolution kinetics, which is challenging to be scrutinized in experiments and has not yet been fully understood. Here, we report a thermodynamically consistent multicomponent Cahn-Hilliard model to investigate the kinetics of multiple emulsions by tracing the temporal evolution of the local compositions inside the emulsion droplets. We reveal that the mechanism governing the kinetics is attributed to the competition between surface energy minimization and phase separation. Based on this concept, a generalized morphology diagram for different emulsion patterns is achieved, showing a good accordance with previous experiments. Moreover, combining the analysis for the kinetics and the morphology diagram, we predict new emulsion structures that provide general guidelines to discovery, design, and manipulation of complex multiphase emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhang
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Yanchen Wu
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Fuhao Guo
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Britta Nestler
- Institute of Applied Materials-Computational Materials Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Straße am Forum 7, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
- Institute of Digital Materials Science, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestraße 30, Karlsruhe 76133, Germany
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9
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Khan MA, Haase MF. Stabilizing liquid drops in nonequilibrium shapes by the interfacial crosslinking of nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2034-2041. [PMID: 33443510 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplets are spherical due to the principle of interfacial energy minimization. Here, we show that nonequilibrium droplet shapes can be stabilized via the interfacial self-assembly and crosslinking of nanoparticles. This principle allows for the stability of practically infinitely long liquid tubules and monodisperse cylindrical droplets. Droplets of oil-in-water are elongated via gravitational or hydrodynamic forces at a reduced interfacial tension. Silica nanoparticles self-assemble and cross-link on the interface triggered by the synergistic surface modification with hexyltrimethylammonium- and trivalent lanthanum-cations. The droplet length dependence is described by a scaling relationship and the rate of nanoparticle deposition on the droplets is estimated. Our approach potentially enables the 3D-printing of Newtonian Fluids, broadening the array of material options for additive manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd A Khan
- Van't Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CH 3583, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin F Haase
- Van't Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CH 3583, The Netherlands.
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10
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Park S, Lee SS, Kim SH. Photonic Multishells Composed of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Designed by Controlled Phase Separation in Emulsion Drops. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002166. [PMID: 32519408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs), also known as chiral nematic LCs, show a photonic stopband, which is promising for various optical applications. In particular, CLCs confined in microcompartments are useful for sensing, lasing, and optical barcoding at the microscale. The integration of distinct CLCs into single microstructures can provide advanced functionality. In this work, CLC multishells with multiple stopbands are created by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in a simple yet highly controlled manner. A homogeneous ternary mixture of LC, hydrophilic liquid, and co-solvent is microfluidically emulsified to form uniform oil-in-water drops, which undergo LLPS to form onion-like drops composed of alternating CLC-rich and CLC-depleted layers. The multiplicity is controlled from one to five by adjusting the initial composition of the ternary mixture, which dictates the number of consecutive steps of LLPS. Interestingly, the concentration of the chiral dopant becomes reduced from the outermost to the innermost CLC drop due to uneven partitioning during LLPS, which results in multiple stopbands. Therefore, the photonic multishells show multiple structural colors. In addition, dye-doped multishells provide band-edge lasing at two different wavelengths. This new class of photonic multishells will provide new opportunities for advanced optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Lee
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, KIST, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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11
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Boakye-Ansah S, Khan MA, Haase MF. Controlling Surfactant Adsorption on Highly Charged Nanoparticles to Stabilize Bijels. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:12417-12423. [PMID: 32550963 PMCID: PMC7295363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous particle-stabilized emulsions (bijels) are networks of interpenetrating oil/water channels with applications in catalysis, tissue engineering, and energy storage. Bijels can be generated by arresting solvent transfer induced phase separation (STrIPS) via interfacial jamming of nanoparticles. However, until now, STrIPS bijels have only been formed with silica nanoparticles of low surface charge densities, limiting their potential applications in catalysis and fluid transport. Here, we show how strongly charged silica nanoparticles can stabilize bijels. To this end, we carry out a systematic study employing dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, acid/base titrations, turbidimetry, surface tension, and confocal microscopy. We find that moderating the adsorption of oppositely charged surfactants on the particles is crucial to facilitate particle dispersibility in the bijel casting mixture and bijel stabilization. Our results potentially introduce a general understanding for bijel fabrication with different inorganic nanoparticle materials of variable charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boakye-Ansah
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Mohd Azeem Khan
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F. Haase
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Mailing Address: Van’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloidal
Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University,
Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands; Phone: +31(0)3-02532547;
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12
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Hadad E, Edri E, Shpaisman H. Controlled Shape and Porosity of Polymeric Colloids by Photo-Induced Phase Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071225. [PMID: 31340429 PMCID: PMC6680483 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape and porosity of polymeric colloids are two properties that highly influence their ability to accomplish specific tasks. For micro-sized colloids, the control of both properties was demonstrated by the photo-induced phase separation of droplets of NOA81—a thiol-ene based UV-curable adhesive—mixed with acetone, water, and polyethylene glycol. The continuous phase was perfluoromethyldecalin, which does not promote phase separation prior to UV activation. A profound influence of the polymer concentration on the particle shape was observed. As the photo-induced phase separation is triggered by UV radiation, polymerization drives the extracted solution out of the polymeric matrix. The droplets of the extracted solution coalesce until they form a dimple correlated to the polymer concentration, significantly changing the shape of the formed solid colloids. Moreover, control could be gained over the porosity by varying the UV intensity, which governs the kinetics of the reaction, without changing the chemical composition; the number of nanopores was found to increase significantly at higher intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Hadad
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Eitan Edri
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Hagay Shpaisman
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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13
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14
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Sindoro M, Granick S. Ionic Janus Liquid Droplets Assembled and Propelled by Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Sindoro
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Steve Granick
- IBS Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute of Basic Science Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Departments of Chemistry and PhysicsUNIST Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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15
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Sindoro M, Granick S. Ionic Janus Liquid Droplets Assembled and Propelled by Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16773-16776. [PMID: 30378736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Sindoro
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringNanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Ave Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Steve Granick
- IBS Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute of Basic Science Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Departments of Chemistry and PhysicsUNIST Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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16
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Seekell RP, Peng Y, Lock AT, Kheir JN, Polizzotti BD. Tunable Polymer Microcapsules for Controlled Release of Therapeutic Gases. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9175-9183. [PMID: 29989828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation and delivery of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other therapeutic gases, using polymeric microcapsules (PMCs) is an emerging strategy to deliver gas as an injectable therapeutic. The gas cargo is stored within the PMC core and its release is mediated by the physiochemical properties of the capsule shell. Although use of PMCs for the rapid delivery of gases has been well described, methods which tune the material properties of PMCs for sustained release of gas are lacking. In this work, we describe a simple method for the high-yield production of gas-in-oil-filled PMCs with tunable sizes and core gas content from preformed polymers using the sequential phase separation and self-emulsification of emulsion-based templates. We demonstrate that prolonged gas release occurs from gas-in-oil PMCs loaded with oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, each of which could have significant clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P Seekell
- Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Yifeng Peng
- Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Andrew T Lock
- Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - John N Kheir
- Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Brian D Polizzotti
- Department of Cardiology , Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
- Department of Pediatrics , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 United States
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17
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Liu D, Xue N, Wei L, Zhang Y, Qin Z, Li X, Binks BP, Yang H. Surfactant Assembly within Pickering Emulsion Droplets for Fabrication of Interior-Structured Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Nan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Zhangfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Xuekuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion; Institute of Coal Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Taiyuan 030001 China
| | - Bernard P. Binks
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences; University of Hull; Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanxi University; Taiyuan 030006 China
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18
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Surfactant Assembly within Pickering Emulsion Droplets for Fabrication of Interior-Structured Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10899-10904. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Man J, Chien S, Liang S, Li J, Chen H. Size-Dependent Phase Separation in Emulsion Droplets. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1995-1998. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Man
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Steven Chien
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Shuaishuai Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; University of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering; University of Science and Technology; Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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20
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Jeoffroy E, Demirörs AF, Schwendimann P, Dos Santos S, Danzi S, Hauser A, Partl MN, Studart AR. One-Step Bulk Fabrication of Polymer-Based Microcapsules with Hard-Soft Bilayer Thick Shells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:37364-37373. [PMID: 28967256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules are important for the protection, transport, and delivery of cargo in a variety of fields but are often too weak to withstand the high mechanical stresses that arise during the preparation and formulation of products. Although thick-shell strong capsules have been developed to circumvent this issue, the microfluidic or multistep methods utilized thus far limit the ease of fabrication and encapsulation throughput. Here, we exploit the phase separation of ternary liquid mixtures to achieve a high-throughput fabrication of strong bilayer microcapsules using a one-step bulk emulsification process. Phase separation is induced by the diffusion of water from the continuous phase into droplets that initially contain a mixture of monomers, cross-linkers, an initiator, and cosolvent γ-butyrolactone. The double emulsions generated via such a phase separation are converted into microcapsules through a polymerization reaction triggered by UV illumination. Surprisingly, the shells of the consolidated capsules exhibit a hard-soft bilayer structure that can be designed to show a resilient eggshell-like fracture behavior. Our method allows for the production of large volumes of microcapsules with such a strong bilayer shell within a time scale of only a few minutes, thus offering an enticing pathway toward the high-throughput fabrication of mechanically robust encapsulation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Jeoffroy
- Road Engineering/Sealing Components, Empa Dübendorf , CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Salomé Dos Santos
- Road Engineering/Sealing Components, Empa Dübendorf , CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manfred N Partl
- Road Engineering/Sealing Components, Empa Dübendorf , CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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21
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Luo S, Zhang C, Hu L, Zhang Z, Niu Y, Zhang W. Stability and rheology of three types of W/O/W multiple emulsions emulsified with lecithin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2016.1259074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Luo
- Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangdong Jiangmen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangdong Jiangmen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuyun Hu
- Infinitus (China) Company Limited, Guangdong Jiangmen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Jointvace Company Limited, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulian Niu
- Shanghai Jointvace Company Limited, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Tóth GI. Phase-field modeling of isothermal quasi-incompressible multicomponent liquids. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:033114. [PMID: 27739808 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.033114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper general dynamic equations describing the time evolution of isothermal quasi-incompressible multicomponent liquids are derived in the framework of the classical Ginzburg-Landau theory of first order phase transformations. Based on the fundamental equations of continuum mechanics, a general convection-diffusion dynamics is set up first for compressible liquids. The constitutive relations for the diffusion fluxes and the capillary stress are determined in the framework of gradient theories. Next the general definition of incompressibility is given, which is taken into account in the derivation by using the Lagrange multiplier method. To validate the theory, the dynamic equations are solved numerically for the quaternary quasi-incompressible Cahn-Hilliard system. It is demonstrated that variable density (i) has no effect on equilibrium (in case of a suitably constructed free energy functional) and (ii) can influence nonequilibrium pattern formation significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula I Tóth
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway and Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Liang S, Li J, Man J, Chen H. Mass-Transfer-Induced Multistep Phase Separation in Emulsion Droplets: Toward Self-Assembly Multilayered Emulsions and Onionlike Microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7882-7887. [PMID: 27427849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass-transfer-induced multistep phase separation was found in emulsion droplets. The agent system consists of a monomer (ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, ETPTA), an oligomer (polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEGDA 700), and water. The PEGDA in the separated layers offered partial miscibility of all the components throughout the multistep phase-separation procedure, which was terminated by the depletion of PEGDA in the outermost layer. The number of separated portions was determined by the initial PEGDA content, and the initial droplet size influenced the mass-transfer process and consequently determined the sizes of the separated layers. The resultant multilayered emulsions were demonstrated to offer an orderly temperature-responsive release of the inner cores. Moreover, the emulsion droplets can be readily solidified into onionlike microspheres by ultraviolet light curing, providing a new strategy in designing particle structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Man
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Haase MF, Sharifi-Mood N, Lee D, Stebe KJ. In Situ Mechanical Testing of Nanostructured Bijel Fibers. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6338-44. [PMID: 27227507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bijels are a class of soft materials with potential for application in diverse areas including healthcare, food, energy, and reaction engineering due to their unique structural, mechanical, and transport properties. To realize their potential, means to fabricate, characterize, and manipulate bijel mechanics are needed. We recently developed a method based on solvent transfer-induced phase separation (STRIPS) that enables continuous fabrication of hierarchically structured bijel fibers from a broad array of constituent fluids and nanoparticles using a microfluidic platform. Here, we introduce an in situ technique to characterize bijel fiber mechanics at initial and final stages of the formation process within a microfluidics device. By manipulation of the hydrodynamic stresses applied to the fiber, the fiber is placed under tension until it breaks into segments. Analysis of the stress field allows fracture strength to be inferred; fracture strengths can be as high as several thousand Pa, depending on nanoparticle content. These findings broaden the potential for the use of STRIPS bijels in applications with different mechanical demands. Moreover, our in situ mechanical characterization method could potentially enable determination of properties of other soft fibrous materials made of hydrogels, capillary suspensions, colloidal gels, or high internal phase emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Haase
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nima Sharifi-Mood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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25
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Tóth GI, Zarifi M, Kvamme B. Phase-field theory of multicomponent incompressible Cahn-Hilliard liquids. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:013126. [PMID: 26871173 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.013126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard theory of binary liquids is presented for multicomponent incompressible liquid mixtures. First, a thermodynamically consistent convection-diffusion-type dynamics is derived on the basis of the Lagrange multiplier formalism. Next, a generalization of the binary Cahn-Hilliard free-energy functional is presented for an arbitrary number of components, offering the utilization of independent pairwise equilibrium interfacial properties. We show that the equilibrium two-component interfaces minimize the functional, and we demonstrate that the energy penalization for multicomponent states increases strictly monotonously as a function of the number of components being present. We validate the model via equilibrium contact angle calculations in ternary and quaternary (four-component) systems. Simulations addressing liquid-flow-assisted spinodal decomposition in these systems are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula I Tóth
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway and Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mojdeh Zarifi
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Kvamme
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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26
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Haase MF, Stebe KJ, Lee D. Continuous Fabrication of Hierarchical and Asymmetric Bijel Microparticles, Fibers, and Membranes by Solvent Transfer-Induced Phase Separation (STRIPS). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7065-71. [PMID: 26437299 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Continuous generation of hierarchical and asymmetric bijels based on solvent-transfer-induced phase separation (STRIPS) is demonstrated. In STRIPS, phase separation is induced by solvent extraction from an initially homogeneous ternary mixture, and bicontinuous morphology is stabilized by inter-facial attachment of nano-particles, which are functionalized in situ. STRIPS allows stable bijel formation from a wide variety of liquids and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Haase
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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