1
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Pareek A, Kalek M. Regioselective Dearomatization of N‐Alkylquinolinium and Pyridinium Salts under Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202305. [PMID: 35239987 PMCID: PMC9314030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU UK
- School of Chemistry University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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3
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O'Brien L, Argent SP, Ermanis K, Lam HW. Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Allylation of Azinium Ions with Allylboronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Brien
- University of Nottingham School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Hon Wai Lam
- University of Nottingham The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry Jubilee CampusTriumph Road NG7 2TU Nottingham UNITED KINGDOM
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4
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He Q, Zhong M, Chen Z, Liao C, Xie F, Zhu Z, Chen X. Site‐Selective 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Nitrogen Heteroaromatics for Constructing Vinylidene Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy Guilin Medical University Guilin 541199 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyi Liao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 People's Republic of China
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5
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Gómez‐Martínez M, del Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N,N-Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion-Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5102-5107. [PMID: 33306858 PMCID: PMC7986925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective anion-binding organocatalytic approach with versatile N,N-dialkylhydrazones (DAHs) as polarity-reversed (umpolung) nucleophiles is presented. For the application of this concept, a highly ordered hydrogen-bond (HB) network between a carefully selected CF3 -substituted triazole-based multidentate HB-donor catalyst, the ionic substrate and the hydrazone in a supramolecular chiral ion-pair complex was envisioned. The formation of such a network was further supported by both experimental and computational studies, which showed the crucial role of the anion as a template unit. The asymmetric Reissert-type reaction of quinolines as a model test reaction chemoselectively delivered highly enantiomerically enriched hydrazones (up 95:5 e.r.) that could be further derivatized to value-added compounds with up to three stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstrasse 36MünsterGermany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/52, 01-224WarsawPoland
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6
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Gómez‐Martínez M, Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N
,
N
‐Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion‐Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
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7
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Matador E, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Monge D, Merino P, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of N-tert-Butylhydrazones to Isoquinolinium Ions through Anion-Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5096-5101. [PMID: 33045143 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantio- and diastereoselective thiourea-catalyzed dearomatization of isoquinolines employing N-tert-butylhydrazones as neutral α-azo carbanions and masked acyl anion equivalents has been developed. Experimental and computational data supports the generation of highly ordered complexes wherein the chloride behaves as a template for the catalyst, the hydrazone reagent, and the isoquinolinium cation, providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers. The ensuing selective and high-yielding transformations provide appealing dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Matador
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/ Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/ Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Monge
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/ Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de BiocomputaciónyFísica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/ Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/ Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Foyle ÉM, White NG. Anion Templated Supramolecular Structures Assembled using 1,2,3-Triazole and Triazolium motifs. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:575-587. [PMID: 33576575 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of 1,2,3-triazole and triazolium motifs to construct anion templated supramolecular structures has grown rapidly over the past decade and has enabled a range of complex structures to be synthesised. In this Minireview we highlight the significant advances that have been made in areas such as foldamers, polymers and interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émer M Foyle
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas G White
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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9
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Retini M, Bartoccini F, Zappia G, Piersanti G. Novel, Chiral, and Enantiopure C
2
‐Symmetric Thioureas Promote Asymmetric Protio‐Pictet‐Spengler Reactions by Anion‐Binding Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Retini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli studi di Urbino Carlo Bo P.zza del Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli studi di Urbino Carlo Bo P.zza del Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino Italy
| | - Giovanni Zappia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli studi di Urbino Carlo Bo P.zza del Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Università degli studi di Urbino Carlo Bo P.zza del Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino Italy
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10
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Ostler F, Piekarski DG, Danelzik T, Taylor MS, García Mancheño O. Neutral Chiral Tetrakis-Iodo-Triazole Halogen-Bond Donor for Chiral Recognition and Enantioselective Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:2315-2320. [PMID: 33210767 PMCID: PMC7898328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding represents a powerful tool in the field of noncovalent interactions. However, applications in enantioselective recognition and catalysis remain almost nonexistent, due in part to the distinct features of halogen bonds, including long covalent and noncovalent bond distances and high directionality. Herein, this work presents a novel chiral tetrakis-iodo-triazole structure as a neutral halogen bond donor for both chiral anion-recognition and enantioinduction in ion-pair organocatalysis. NMR-titration studies revealed significant differences in anion affinity between the halogen bonding receptor and its hydrogen bonding parent. Selective recognition of chiral dicarboxylates and asymmetric induction in a benchmark organocatalytic reaction were demonstrated using the halogen bond donor. Inversions in the absolute sense of chiral recognition, enantioselectivity, and chiroptical properties relative to the related hydrogen donor were observed. Computational modeling suggested that these effects were the result of distinct anion-binding modes for the halogen- versus hydrogen-bond donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Tobias Danelzik
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- University of TorontoDepartment of Chemistry80 St. George StreetONM5S 3H6TorontoCanada
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry InstituteUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
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11
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Li M, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. Unimolecular Anion‐Binding Catalysts for Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
O
‐carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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12
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Li M, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. Unimolecular Anion‐Binding Catalysts for Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
O
‐carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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13
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Piekarski DG, Steinforth P, Gómez-Martínez M, Bamberger J, Ostler F, Schönhoff M, García Mancheño O. Insight into the Folding and Cooperative Multi-Recognition Mechanism in Supramolecular Anion-Binding Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:17598-17603. [PMID: 32881167 PMCID: PMC7839480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
H-bond donor catalysts able to modulate the reactivity of ionic substrates for asymmetric reactions have gained great attention in the past years, leading to the development of cooperative multidentate H-bonding supramolecular structures. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the forces driving the ion recognition and catalytic performance of these systems. Herein, insight into the cooperativity nature, anion binding strength, and folding mechanism of a model chiral triazole catalyst is presented. Our combined experimental and computational study revealed that multi-interaction catalysts exhibiting weak binding energies (≈3-4 kcal mol-1 ) can effectively recognize ionic substrates and induce chirality, while strong dependencies on the temperature and solvent were quantified. These results are key for the future design of catalysts with optimal anion binding strength and catalytic activity in target reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz G Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.,current address: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pascal Steinforth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melania Gómez-Martínez
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bamberger
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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14
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Matador E, Iglesias‐Sigüenza J, Monge D, Merino P, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of
N
‐
tert
‐Butylhydrazones to Isoquinolinium Ions through Anion‐Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Matador
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias‐Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - David Monge
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de BiocomputaciónyFísica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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15
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Nakamura T, Okuno K, Nishiyori R, Shirakawa S. Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis of Alkyl‐Onium Salts. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:463-472. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Ken Okuno
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishiyori
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental ScienceGraduate School of Fisheries and Environmental SciencesNagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
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16
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Wang Y, Qu L, Lan Y, Wei D. Origin of Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity in the NHC‐catalyzed Reaction of Alkyl Pyridinium with Aliphatic Enal. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Material and Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou University of Light Industry 136 Science Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan province P. R. China
| | - Ling‐Bo Qu
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province P. R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryChongqing University
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou University 100 Science Avenue 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province P. R. China
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17
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryZernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747AG Groningen The Netherlands
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18
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Dorel R, Feringa BL. Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:785-789. [PMID: 31736200 PMCID: PMC7004205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A photoresponsive chiral catalyst based on an oligotriazole‐functionalized unidirectional molecular motor has been developed for stereodivergent anion binding catalysis. The motor function controls the helical chirality of supramolecular assemblies with chloride anions, which by means of chirality transfer enables the enantioselective addition of a silyl ketene acetal nucleophile to oxocarbenium cations. Reversal of stereoselectivity (up to 142 % Δee) was achieved through rotation of the motor core induced by photochemical and thermal isomerization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Duong Q, Schifferer L, García Mancheño O. Nucleophile Screening in Anion‐Binding Reissert‐Type Reactions of Quinolines with Chiral Tetrakis(triazole) Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qui‐Nhi Duong
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lukas Schifferer
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
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20
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Reep C, Sun S, Takenaka N. C(
sp
2
)−H Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Groups in Chiral Small‐Molecule Organocatalysts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Reep
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975
| | - Norito Takenaka
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences Florida Institute of Technology 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne, Florida 32901-6975
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21
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Di Carmine G, Ragno D, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Pecorari D, Sabuzi F, Mazzanti A, Massi A. Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by Oxidative NHC Catalysis. Chemistry 2019; 25:7469-7474. [PMID: 30947379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented desymmetrization of prochiral dialdehydes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes under oxidative conditions was applied to the highly enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) starting from 3,5-dicarbaldehyde substrates. Synthetic elaboration of the resulting 5-formyl-1,4-DHP-3-carboxylates allowed for access to the class of pharmaceutically relevant 1,4-DHP-3,5-dicarboxylates (Hantzsch esters). DFT calculations suggested that the enantioselectivity of the process is determined by the transition state involving the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by the external quinone oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniel Pecorari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Roma Tor Vergata, V. Ricerca Scientifica, I-00131, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, I-44121, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Fischer T, Bamberger J, Gómez-Martínez M, Piekarski DG, García Mancheño O. Helical Multi-Coordination Anion-Binding Catalysts for the Highly Enantioselective Dearomatization of Pyrylium Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3217-3221. [PMID: 30427107 PMCID: PMC6470695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A general and highly enantioselective synthesis of oxygen heterocycles from readily available in situ generated pyrylium derivatives has been realized by embracing a multi-coordination approach with helical anion-binding tetrakistriazole catalysts. The high activity of the tetrakistriazole (TetraTri) catalysts, with distinct confined anion-binding pockets, allows for remarkably low catalyst loadings (down to 0.05 mol %), while providing a simple access to chiral chromanones and dihydropyrones in high enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.). Moreover, experimental and theoretical studies provide new insights into the hydrogen-donor ability and key binding interactions of the TetraTri catalysts and its host:guest complexes, suggesting the formation of a 1:3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Fischer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bamberger
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melania Gómez-Martínez
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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23
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Helikale Multi‐Koordinations‐Anionenbindungskatalysatoren ermöglichen hoch enantioselektive Dearomatisierung von Pyryliumderivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Odagi M, Araki H, Min C, Yamamoto E, Emge TJ, Yamanaka M, Seidel D. Insights into the Structure and Function of a Chiral Conjugate‐Base‐Stabilized Brønsted Acid Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Odagi
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds Department of Chemistry University of Florida 32611 Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Hiroshi Araki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 08854 Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Chang Min
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 08854 Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Eri Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Rikkyo University 3‐34‐1 Nishi‐Ikebukuro 171‐8501 Toshima‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 08854 Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Rikkyo University 3‐34‐1 Nishi‐Ikebukuro 171‐8501 Toshima‐ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds Department of Chemistry University of Florida 32611 Gainesville Florida USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 08854 Piscataway NJ USA
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25
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Bosmani A, Pujari SA, Besnard C, Guénée L, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Lacour J. Stereoselective and Enantiospecific Mono- and Bis-C−H Azidation of Tröger Bases: Insight on Bridgehead Iminium Intermediates and Application to Anion-Binding Catalysis. Chemistry 2017; 23:8678-8684. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bosmani
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Sandip A. Pujari
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | | | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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26
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Fischer T, Duong QN, García Mancheño O. Triazole-Based Anion-Binding Catalysis for the Enantioselective Dearomatization of N-Heteroarenes with Phosphorus Nucleophiles. Chemistry 2017; 23:5983-5987. [PMID: 28111819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of chiral heterocyclic α-amino phosphonates by nucleophilic dearomatization of quinolines and pyridines using an anion-binding organocatalysis approach is described. Chiral tetrakistriazoles were employed as efficient hydrogen-bond donor catalysts by forming a chiral close ion-pair with the in situ formed N-acyl salts and 2,2,2-trichlorethoxycarbonyl chloride (TrocCl). The ion-pair was subsequently treated with various phosphorus nucleophiles, such as silyl-protected dialkyl- and trialkylphosphites. Thus, the corresponding products were obtained in complete or high regioselectivities and up to 97:3 e.r. for quinolines or up to 89:11 e.r. for the more challenging pyridine substrates. This method allows for rapid access to substituted chiral cyclic α-amino phosphonates, which can be easily transformed into phosphonic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Fischer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Qui-Nhi Duong
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Straubing Center of Science for Renewable Resources, 94315, Straubing, Germany
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27
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Chen W, Bai J, Zhang G. Chromium-Catalysed Asymmetric Dearomatization Addition Reactions of Bromomethylnaphthalenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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28
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Jarvis CL, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactams through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2670-2674. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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29
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Jarvis CL, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactams through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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30
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ORCHEM-Preis: T. Magauer und O. García Mancheño / Emil-Fischer-Medaille: D. Trauner / Gmelin-Beilstein-Denkmünze: J. P. Richmond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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ORCHEM Prize: T. Magauer and O. García Mancheño / Emil Fischer Medal: D. Trauner / Gmelin-Beilstein Memorial Medal: J. P. Richmond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10555. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Zurro M, Asmus S, Bamberger J, Beckendorf S, García Mancheño O. Chiral Triazoles in Anion-Binding Catalysis: New Entry to Enantioselective Reissert-Type Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:3785-93. [PMID: 26743138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Easily accessible and tunable chiral triazoles have been introduced as a novel class of C-H bond-based H-donors for anion-binding organocatalysis. They have proven to be effective catalysts for the dearomatization reaction of different N-heteroarenes. Although this dearomatization approach represents a powerful strategy to build chiral heterocycles, to date only a few catalytic methods to this end exist. In this work, the organocatalyzed enantioselective Reissert-type dearomatization of isoquinoline derivatives employing a number of structurally diverse chiral triazoles as anion-binding catalysts was realized. The here presented method was employed to synthesize a number of chiral 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline substrates with an enantioselectivity up to 86:14 e.r. Moreover, a thorough study of the determining parameters affecting the activity of this type of anion- binding catalysts was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Zurro
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Straubing Center of Science for Renewable Resources (WZS), Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sören Asmus
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Bamberger
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Beckendorf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Straubing Center of Science for Renewable Resources (WZS), Schulgasse 16, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
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33
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Shirakawa S, Liu S, Kaneko S, Kumatabara Y, Fukuda A, Omagari Y, Maruoka K. Tetraalkylammonium Salts as Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15767-70. [PMID: 26564098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the hydrogen-bonding ability of the α hydrogen atoms on tetraalkylammonium salts is often discussed with respect to phase-transfer catalysts, catalysis that utilizes the hydrogen-bond-donor properties of tetraalkylammonium salts remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate hydrogen-bonding catalysis with newly designed tetraalkylammonium salt catalysts in Mannich-type reactions. The structure and the hydrogen-bonding ability of the new ammonium salts were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR titration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry.
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Shiho Kaneko
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Yusuke Kumatabara
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Airi Fukuda
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Yumi Omagari
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan).
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34
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Shirakawa S, Liu S, Kaneko S, Kumatabara Y, Fukuda A, Omagari Y, Maruoka K. Tetraalkylammonium Salts as Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Shiyao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Shiho Kaneko
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Yusuke Kumatabara
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Airi Fukuda
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Yumi Omagari
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‐14 Bunkyo‐machi, Nagasaki 852‐8521 (Japan) http://seijishirakawa.wix.com/greenchemistry
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606‐8502 (Japan)
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