1
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McMullen JS, Huo R, Vasko P, Edwards AJ, Hicks J. Anionic Magnesium and Calcium Hydrides: Transforming CO into Unsaturated Disilyl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215218. [PMID: 36344462 PMCID: PMC10100151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and reactivity of two isostructural anionic magnesium and calcium complexes is reported. By X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques, the anionic hydrides are shown to exist as dimers, held together by a range of interactions between the two anions and two bridging potassium cations. Unlike the vast proportion of previously reported dimeric group 2 hydrides, which have hydrides that bridge two group 2 centres, here the hydrides are shown to be "terminal", but stabilised by interactions with the potassium cations. Both anionic hydrides were found to insert and couple CO under mild reaction conditions to give the corresponding group 2 cis-ethenediolate complexes. These cis-ethenediolate complexes were found to undergo salt elimination reactions with silyl chlorides, allowing access to small unsaturated disilyl ethers with a high percentage of their mass originating from the C1 source CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S McMullen
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ryan Huo
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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2
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Liang H, Beweries T, Francke R, Beller M. Molecular Catalysts for the Reductive Homocoupling of CO
2
towards C
2+
Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200723. [PMID: 35187799 PMCID: PMC9311439 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into multicarbon (C2+) compounds by reductive homocoupling offers the possibility to transform renewable energy into chemical energy carriers and thereby create “carbon‐neutral” fuels or other valuable products. Most available studies have employed heterogeneous metallic catalysts, but the use of molecular catalysts is still underexplored. However, several studies have already demonstrated the great potential of the molecular approach, namely, the possibility to gain a deep mechanistic understanding and a more precise control of the product selectivity. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in both the thermo‐ and electrochemical reductive homocoupling of CO2 toward C2+ products mediated by molecular catalysts. In addition, reductive CO homocoupling is discussed as a model for the further conversion of intermediates obtained from CO2 reduction, which may serve as a source of inspiration for developing novel molecular catalysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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3
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Liang H, Beweries T, Francke R, Beller M. Molecular Catalysts for the Reductive Homocoupling of CO
2
towards C
2+
Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Qing Liang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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4
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Abstract
Although silylene-carbonyl complexes are known for decades, only recently isolable examples have been accomplished. In this work, the bonding situation is re-evaluated to explain the origins of their remarkable stability within the Kohn-Sham molecular orbital theory framework. It is shown that the chemical bond can be understood as CO interaction with the silylene via a donor-acceptor interaction: a σ-donation from the σCO into the empty p-orbital of silicon, and a π-back donation from the sp2 lone pair of silicon into the π*CO antibonding orbitals. Notably, it was established that the driving force behind the surprisingly stable Si-CO compounds, however, is another π-back donation from a perpendicular bonding R-Si σ-orbital into the π*CO antibonding orbitals. Consequently, the pyramidalization of the central silicon atom cannot be associated with the strength of the π-back donation, in sharp contrast to the established chemical bonding model. Considering this additional bonding interaction not only shed light on the bonding situation, but is also an indispensable key for broadening the scope of silylene-carbonyl chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Sergeieva
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupChemistry DepartmentSaarland UniversityCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupChemistry DepartmentSaarland UniversityCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry GroupChemistry DepartmentSaarland UniversityCampus C4.166123SaarbrückenGermany
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5
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Nazish M, Siddiqui MM, Kumar Sarkar S, Münch A, Legendre CM, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Synthesis and Coordination Behavior of a New Hybrid Bidentate Ligand with Phosphine and Silylene Donors. Chemistry 2021; 27:1744-1752. [PMID: 33022783 PMCID: PMC7898821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and coordination behavior of a new mixed-donor ligand PhC(NtBu)2 SiC6 H4 PPh2 (1) containing both silylene and phosphine donor sites. Ligand 1 was synthesized from a reaction of ortho-lithiated diphenylphosphinobenzene (LiC6 H4 PPh2 ) with chlorosilylene (PhC(NtBu)2 SiCl). Treatment of 1 with Se and GeCl2 resulted in SiIV compounds 2 and 3 by selective oxidation of the silylene donor. This strong σ-donor ligand induces dissociation of CuCl and PhBCl2 leading to formation of ionic complexes 4 and 5 respectively. The reaction of 1 with ZnCl2 and AlCl3 resulted in the formation of chelate complexes 5 and 7, respectively, while treatment with EtAlCl2 and GaCl3 forms monodentate complexes 8 and 9. X-ray analysis of 4 showed that the copper is in the spiro center of the two five-membered rings. Moreover, the copper(I)chloride has not been oxidized but dissociates to Cu+ and [CuCl2 ]- . All the compounds are well characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Mujahuddin M. Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Annika Münch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christina M. Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
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6
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Sharma MK, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. Distannabarrelenes with Three Coordinated Sn II Atoms. Chemistry 2020; 26:11113-11118. [PMID: 32216071 PMCID: PMC7496072 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline 1,4-distannabarrelene compounds [(ADCAr )3 Sn2 ]SnCl3 (3-Ar) (ADCAr ={ArC(NDipp)2 CC}; Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 , Ar=Ph or DMP; DMP=4-Me2 NC6 H4 ) derived from anionic dicarbenes Li(ADCAr ) (2-Ar) (Ar=Ph or DMP) have been reported. The cationic moiety of 3-Ar features a barrelene framework with three coordinated SnII atoms at the 1,4-positions, whereas the anionic unit SnCl3 is formally derived from SnCl2 and chloride ion. The all carbon substituted bis-stannylenes 3-Ar have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations reveal that the HOMO of 3-Ph (ϵ=-6.40 eV) is mainly the lone-pair orbital at the SnII atoms of the barrelene unit. 3-Ar readily react with sulfur and selenium to afford the mixed-valence SnII /SnIV compounds [(ADCAr )3 SnSn(E)](SnCl6 )0.5 (E=S 4-Ar, Ar=Ph or DMP; E=Se 5-Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic andStructural Chemistry, Center for Molecular MaterialsFaculty of ChemistryUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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7
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Heilmann A, Hicks J, Vasko P, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Carbon Monoxide Activation by a Molecular Aluminium Imide: C−O Bond Cleavage and C−C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4897-4901. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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8
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Heilmann A, Hicks J, Vasko P, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Carbon Monoxide Activation by a Molecular Aluminium Imide: C−O Bond Cleavage and C−C Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
- Department of ChemistryNanoscience CenterUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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9
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Kratish Y, Pinchuk D, Kaushansky A, Molev V, Tumanskii B, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. The Reactions of Carbon Monoxide with Silyl and Silenyl Lithium - Synthesis and Isolation of the First Stable Tetra-Silyl Di-Ketyl Biradical and 1-Silaallenolate Lithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18849-18853. [PMID: 31591792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of carbon monoxide (CO) with tBu2 MeSiLi and (E)-(tBu2 MeSi)(tBuMe2 Si)C=Si(SiMetBu2 )Li⋅2 THF (4) were studied both experimentally and computationally. Reaction of tBu2 MeSiLi with CO in hexane yields the first stable tetra-silyl di-ketyl biradical [(tBu2 MeSi)2 COLi]. 2 (3). Reaction of 4 with CO yields selectively and quantitatively the first reported 1-silaallenolate, (tBu2 MeSi)(tBuMe2 Si)C=C=Si(SiMetBu2 )OLi⋅THF (5). Both 3 and 5 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and biradical 3 also by EPR spectroscopy. Silaallenolate 5 reacts with Me3 SiCl to produce siloxy substituted 1-silaallene (tBu2 MeSi)(tBuMe2 Si)C=C=Si(SiMetBu2 )OSiMe3 . The reaction of 4 with CO provides a new route to 1-silaallenes. The mechanisms of the reactions of tBuMe2 SiLi and of 4 with CO were studied by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Kratish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Daniel Pinchuk
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaushansky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Victoria Molev
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Dmitry Bravo-Zhivotovskii
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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10
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The Reactions of Carbon Monoxide with Silyl and Silenyl Lithium – Synthesis and Isolation of the First Stable Tetra‐Silyl Di‐Ketyl Biradical and 1‐Silaallenolate Lithium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Luecke MP, Kostenko A, Wang Y, Yao S, Driess M. Silicon-Mediated Coupling of Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia, and Primary Amines to Form Acetamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12940-12944. [PMID: 31157488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a direct transformation of CO, NH3 , and primary amines into acetamides, mediated by a main-group element (silicon), is reported. Starting point is the selective deoxygenative reductive homocoupling of two CO molecules by the Fc-bis(silylene) 1 a (Fc=ferrocendiyl) as a reducing agent, which forms the ferrocendiyl-bridged disila(μ-O)(μ-CCO)ketene intermediate 2 a. Exposing 2 a to NH3 (1 bar, 298 K) and benzylamine yields the Fc-disiloxanediamines [Fc(RHNSi-O-SiNHR)] 5 a (R=H) and 5 b (R=benzyl) under release of the respective acetamides H3 CC(O)NHR, as confirmed by 13 C-isotope-labelling experiments. IR and NMR studies of the reaction reveal a four-step mechanism involving an N-silylated carboxamide that can be isolated and fully characterized. The striking reaction mechanism for this unprecedented transformation involves a facile Si-C bond cleavage and ammonolysis of a Si-O bond, and has been demonstrated experimentally and by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel-Philip Luecke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Luecke M, Kostenko A, Wang Y, Yao S, Driess M. Silicon‐Mediated Coupling of Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia, and Primary Amines to Form Acetamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel‐Philip Luecke
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Technische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
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13
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Protchenko AV, Vasko P, Do DCH, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Jones C, Aldridge S. Reduction of Carbon Oxides by an Acyclic Silylene: Reductive Coupling of CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Protchenko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Dinh Cao Huan Do
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of ChemistryMonash University PO Box 23 Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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14
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Protchenko AV, Vasko P, Do DCH, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Jones C, Aldridge S. Reduction of Carbon Oxides by an Acyclic Silylene: Reductive Coupling of CO. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1808-1812. [PMID: 30537262 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of a boryl-substituted acyclic silylene with carbon dioxide and monoxide are reported. The former proceeds through oxygen atom abstraction, generating CO (with rearrangement of the putative silanone product through silyl-group transfer). The latter is characterized by reductive coupling of CO to give an ethynediolate fragment, which undergoes formal insertion into the Si-B bond. The net conversion of carbon dioxide with two equivalents of silylene offers a route for the three-electron reduction of CO2 to [C2 O2 ]2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Protchenko
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Petra Vasko
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Dinh Cao Huan Do
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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15
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Zhang H, Cao Z, Wu W, Mo Y. The Transition‐Metal‐Like Behavior of B
2
(NHC)
2
in the Activation of CO: HOMO–LUMO Swap Without Photoinduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13076-13081. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Institute of Computational Quantum ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zexing Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of ChemistryWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA
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16
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Zhang H, Cao Z, Wu W, Mo Y. The Transition‐Metal‐Like Behavior of B
2
(NHC)
2
in the Activation of CO: HOMO–LUMO Swap Without Photoinduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Institute of Computational Quantum ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zexing Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEMXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of ChemistryWestern Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA
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17
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Omann L, Qu Z, Irran E, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Formylation of Arenes by Silylium Ion Mediated Activation of Carbon Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8301-8305. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Strasse des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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18
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Omann L, Qu Z, Irran E, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Elektrophile Formylierung von Aromaten durch silyliumionvermittelte Aktivierung von Kohlenmonoxid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryInstitut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstraße 4 53115 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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19
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Katsuma Y, Tsukahara N, Wu L, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Reaction of B
2
(
o
‐tol)
4
with CO and Isocyanides: Cleavage of the C≡O Triple Bond and Direct C−H Borylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Katsuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Nana Tsukahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Chuo University 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku 112-8551 Tokyo Japan
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Aichi Japan
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20
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Katsuma Y, Tsukahara N, Wu L, Lin Z, Yamashita M. Reaction of B 2 (o-tol) 4 with CO and Isocyanides: Cleavage of the C≡O Triple Bond and Direct C-H Borylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6109-6114. [PMID: 29573087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of highly Lewis acidic tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) with CO afforded a mixture of boraindane and boroxine by the cleavage of the C≡O triple bond. 13 C labeling experiments confirmed that the carbon atom in the boraindane stems from CO. Simultaneously, formation of boroxine 3 could be considered as borylene transfer to capture the oxygen atom from CO. The reaction of diborane(4) with t Bu-NC afforded an azaallene, while the reaction with Xyl-NC furnished cyclic compounds by direct C-H borylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Katsuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nana Tsukahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603 Aichi, Japan
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21
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Devillard M, de Bruin B, Siegler MA, van der Vlugt JI. Transition-Metal-Free Cleavage of CO. Chemistry 2017; 23:13628-13632. [PMID: 28816371 PMCID: PMC5656908 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary silane 1H , 2-[(diphenylsilyl)methyl]-6-methylpyridine, reacts with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) to form the intramolecular pyridine-stabilized silylium 1+ -HBCF. The corresponding 2-[(diphenylsilyl)methyl]pyridine, lacking the methyl-group on the pyridine ring, forms classic N(py)→B adduct 2H -BCF featuring an intact silane Si-H fragment. Complex 1+ -HBCF promotes cleavage of the C≡O triple bond in carbon monoxide with double C-Csp2 bond formation, leading to complex 3 featuring a B-(diarylmethyl)-B-aryl-boryloxysilane fragment. Reaction with pinacol generates bis(pentafluorophenyl)methane 4 as isolable product, proving the transition-metal-free deoxygenation of carbon monoxide by this main-group system. Experimental data and DFT calculations support the existence of an equilibrium between the silylium-hydroborate ion pair and the silane-borane mixture that is responsible for the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devillard
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray CrystallographyJohn Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - J. I. van der Vlugt
- van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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22
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA. Reactivity of a Dihydrodiborene with CO: Coordination, Insertion, Cleavage, and Spontaneous Formation of a Cyclic Alkyne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14287-14292. [PMID: 28892234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Under a CO atmosphere, the dihydrodiborene [(cAAC)HB=BH(cAAC)] underwent coordination of CO concomitant with reversible hydrogen migration from boron to the carbene carbon atom, as well as reversible CO insertion into the B=B bond. Heating the CO adduct resulted in two unusual cAAC ring-expansion products, one presenting a B=C bond to a six-membered 1,2-azaborinane-3-ylidene, the other an unprecedented nine-membered cyclic alkyne resulting from reductive cleavage of CO and spontaneous formation of a C≡C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Arrowsmith M, Böhnke J, Braunschweig H, Celik MA. Reaktivität eines Dihydrodiborens gegen CO: Koordination, Insertion, Spaltung und spontane Bildung eines cyclischen Alkins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Julian Böhnke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Mehmet Ali Celik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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24
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Yadav S, Saha S, Sen SS. Compounds with Low-Valent p-Block Elements for Small Molecule Activation and Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Sumana Saha
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
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