1
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Chen J, Wang H, Long F, Bai S, Wang Y. Dynamic supramolecular hydrogels mediated by chemical reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14236-14248. [PMID: 37964743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly in a biological system is usually dominated by sophisticated metabolic processes (chemical reactions) such as catalysis of enzymes and consumption of high energy chemicals, leading to groups of biomolecules with unique dynamics and functions in an aqueous environment. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to couple chemical reactions to molecular self-assembly, with the aim of creating supramolecular materials with lifelike properties and functions. In this feature article, after summarising the work of chemical reaction mediated supramolecular hydrogels, we first focus on a typical example where dynamic self-assembly of molecular hydrogels is activated by in situ formation of a hydrazone bond in water. We discuss how the formation of the hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels can be controlled in time and space. After that, we describe transient assembly of supramolecular hydrogels powered by out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks regulated by chemical fuels, which show unique properties such as finite lifetime, dynamic structures, and regenerative capabilities. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future investigations that need to be done urgently, which range from fundamental research to real-life applications of dynamic supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhou H, Cheng R, Quarrell M, Shchukin D. Autonomic self-regulating systems based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules and microgel particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:403-411. [PMID: 36758253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems possess unique non-equilibrium functions, maintaining tight manipulation of their surroundings through inter-communication of multiple components and self-regulatory capability organized over different length scales. However, most artificial materials are incapable of communicating and self-regulating behavior due to their limited number of component and direct responsive modes. Herein, a new integrated self-regulation system is developed utilizing stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte capsules as building blocks. The combination of stimuli-responsive capsules and enzyme immobilized microgels is designed to mimic life systems and its programmable interactive communications and self-regulation behavior is demonstrated through communication-feedback mechanism. Polyelectrolyte capsules can sense changes of their surrounding, then start the internal communication by releasing energy-rich cargo mimicking the behavior of the cells. The microgel particles subsequently complete closed-loop communication through providing negative feedback on capsules by enzymatic reaction and actuating pH-regulation of the whole system. Different communication modes and pH-regulation behaviors could be achieved by adjusting spatial and kinetic conditions. Proposed intelligent system is highly customizable due to the wide selection of encapsulated cargos, stimuli-responsive blocks and reaction networks, and would have broad influences in areas ranging from medical implants that assist in stabilizing body functions to microreactor system that regulate catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Zhou
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.
| | - Rui Cheng
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Quarrell
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.
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3
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Buzzaccaro S, Ruzzi V, Gelain F, Piazza R. A Light Scattering Investigation of Enzymatic Gelation in Self-Assembling Peptides. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040347. [PMID: 37102959 PMCID: PMC10137429 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) have been increasingly studied as hydrogel-former gelators because they can create biocompatible environments. A common strategy to trigger gelation, is to use a pH variation, but most methods result in a change in pH that is too rapid, leading to gels with hardly reproducible properties. Here, we use the urea-urease reaction to tune gel properties, by a slow and uniform pH increase. We were able to produce very homogeneous and transparent gels at several SAP concentrations, ranging from c=1g/L to c=10g/L. In addition, by exploiting such a pH control strategy, and combining photon correlation imaging with dynamic light scattering measurements, we managed to unravel the mechanism by which gelation occurs in solutions of (LDLK)3-based SAPs. We found that, in diluted and concentrated solutions, gelation follows different pathways. This leads to gels with different microscopic dynamics and capability of trapping nanoparticles. At high concentrations, a strong gel is formed, made of relatively thick and rigid branches that firmly entrap nanoparticles. By contrast, the gel formed in dilute conditions is weaker, characterized by entanglements and crosslinks of very thin and flexible filaments. The gel is still able to entrap nanoparticles, but their motion is not completely arrested. These different gel morphologies can potentially be exploited for controlled multiple drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Buzzaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC), Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC), Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST GOM Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Piazza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC), Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Wang Y, Yan Q. CO 2 -Fueled Transient Breathing Nanogels that Couple Nonequilibrium Catalytic Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217001. [PMID: 36738302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a "breathing" nanogel that is fueled by CO2 gas to perform temporally programmable catalytic polymerization. The nanogel is composed of common frustrated Lewis pair polymers (FLPs). Dynamic CO2 -FLP gas-bridging bonds endow the nanogel with a transient volume contraction, and the resulting proximal effect of bound FLPs unlocks its catalytic capacity toward CO2 . Reverse gas depletion via a CO2 -participated polymerization can induce a reverse nanogel expansion, which shuts down the catalytic activity. Control of external factors (fuel level, temperature or additives) can regulate the breathing period, amplitude and lifecycle, so as to affect the catalytic polymerization. Moreover, editing the nanogel breathing procedure can sequentially evoke the copolymerization of CO2 with different epoxide monomers preloaded therein, which allows to obtain block-tunable copolycarbonates that are unachievable by other methods. This synthetic dissipative system would be function as a prototype of gas-driven nanosynthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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5
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Su B, Chi T, Ye Z, Xiang Y, Dong P, Liu D, Addonizio CJ, Webber MJ. Transient and Dissipative Host-Guest Hydrogels Regulated by Consumption of a Reactive Chemical Fuel. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216537. [PMID: 36598411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The transient self-assembly of molecules under the direction of a consumable fuel source is fundamental to biological processes such as cellular organization and motility. Such biomolecular assemblies exist in an out-of-equilibrium state, requiring continuous consumption of high energy molecules. At the same time, the creation of bioinspired supramolecular hydrogels has traditionally focused on associations occurring at the thermodynamic equilibrium state. Here, hydrogels are prepared from cucurbit[7]uril host-guest supramolecular interactions through transient physical crosslinking driven by the consumption of a reactive chemical fuel. Upon action from this fuel, the affinity and dynamics of CB[7]-guest recognition are altered. In this way, the lifetime of transient hydrogel formation and the dynamic modulus obtained are governed by fuel consumption, rather than being directed by equilibrium complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Teng Chi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Christopher J Addonizio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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6
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Del Giudice D, Frateloreto F, Sappino C, Di Stefano S. Chemical Tools for the Temporal Control of Water Solution pH and Applications in Dissipative Systems. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Carla Sappino
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry ITALY
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- University of Rome La Sapienza: Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Chemistry Department Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome ITALY
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7
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Sharma C, Walther A. Self-Regulating Colloidal Co-Assemblies That Accelerate Their Own Destruction via Chemo-Structural Feedback. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201573. [PMID: 35235231 PMCID: PMC9311650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological self‐assemblies self‐ and cross‐regulate each other via chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and feedback. Although artificial transient self‐assemblies have been realized via activation/deactivation CRNs, the transient structures themselves do mostly not engage in the CRN. We introduce a rational design approach for chemo‐structural feedback, and present a transient colloidal co‐assembly system, where the formed co‐assemblies accelerate their destruction autonomously. We achieve this by immobilizing enzymes of a deactivating acid‐producing enzymatic cascade on pH‐switchable microgels that can form co‐assemblies at high pH. Since the enzyme partners are immobilized on individual microgels, the co‐assembled state brings them close enough for enhanced acid generation. The amplified deactivator production (acid) leads to an almost two‐fold reduction in the lifetime of the transiently formed pH‐state. Our study thus introduces versatile mechanisms for chemo‐structural feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMats @ FIT, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Sharma C, Walther A. Self‐Regulating Colloidal Co‐Assemblies That Accelerate Their Own Destruction via Chemo‐Structural Feedback. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz 55128 Mainz Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMats @ FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg 79098 Freiburg Germany
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Lu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 Shanda Nanlu 250100 Jinan CHINA
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong University Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry 27 Shanda Nanlu 250100 Jinan CHINA
| | - Xu Wang
- Shandong University National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials 27 Shanda Nanlu 250100 Jinan CHINA
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10
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Deng J, Liu W, Sun M, Walther A. Dissipative Organization of DNA Oligomers for Transient Catalytic Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113477. [PMID: 35026052 PMCID: PMC9306540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic non-equilibrium systems opens doors for man-made life-like materials. Yet, creating distinct transient functions from artificial fuel-driven structures remains a challenge. Building on our ATP-driven dynamic covalent DNA assembly in an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ATP-powered ligation and restriction, we introduce ATP-fueled transient organization of functional subunits for various functions. The programmability of the ligation/restriction site allows to precisely organize multiple sticky-end-encoded oligo segments into double-stranded (ds) DNA complexes. We demonstrate principles of ATP-driven organization into sequence-defined oligomers by sensing barcode-embedded targets with different defects. Furthermore, ATP-fueled DNAzymes for substrate cleavage are achieved by transiently ligating two DNAzyme subunits into a dsDNA complex, rendering ATP-fueled transient catalytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mo Sun
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Yuan H, Han P, Tao Z, Xue B, Guo Y, Levy D, Hu W, Wang Y, Cao Y, Gazit E, Yang R. Peptide Coassembly to Enhance Piezoelectricity for Energy Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6538-6546. [PMID: 35089003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of piezoelectricity in self-assembled peptide nanostructures opens an avenue to a new regime of piezoelectric materials and enables the fundamental investigation of electromechanical coupling in biomaterials. However, strategies for fabricating peptides with desired properties are still lacking. We find that a peptide-based coassembly process effectively controls the properties of peptide nanomaterials and demonstrates their application potential in nanogenerators. The composing peptides and their concentration influence the morphology, molecular property, and physical property of coassembled crystals. Compared with self-assembled diphenylalanine peptides, the coassembled peptides of diphenylalanine and phenylalanine-tryptophan show a 38% increase in piezoelectric coefficient, and the resulting harvesting device shows nearly a 3-fold increase in open-circuit voltage outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Peipei Han
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyang Guo
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - David Levy
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wolfson Applied Materials Research Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Wen Hu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
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12
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Deng J, Liu W, Sun M, Walther A. Dissipative Organization of DNA Oligomers for Transient Catalytic Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Wei Liu
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Mo Sun
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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13
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Wang M, Cui Y, Li J, Liu C. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G‐quadruplex Hydrogels by a Chemically Fueled Non‐equilibrium Self‐Assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qiao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yujia Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yihan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Chun‐Sen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
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14
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Xie XQ, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Cui Y, Li J, Liu CS. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G-quadruplex Hydrogels via a Chemically Fueled Non-Equilibrium Self-assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114471. [PMID: 34927378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest in the creation of synthetic mimics. Operating with boronic ester-based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, herein, we developed a new chemically fueled reaction network to design non-equilibrium supramolecular chiral G-quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetime from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability and rapid self-healability. The cycle system can be controlled via in-situ kinetically-controlled formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between cis-diols of guanosine (G) and 5-fluorobenzoxaborole (B) under chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3-propanesultone), leading to the formation of a precipitate-solution-gel-precipitate cycle under non-equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental-computational approach revealed that the underlying mechanism of the non-equilibrium self-assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right-handed helical G-quadruplex superstructure. With consecutive cycles of fuel addition, the non-equilibrium system can be easily refueled at least 6 cycles without obvious loss in the rheological moduli of the transient hydrogels. The proposed dynamic boronic ester-based non-equilibrium self-assembly strategy offers a new option to design next-generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Xie
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Mengke Wang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yujia Liang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yihan Cui
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Henan University of Technology, Chemistry Department, Lianhua Street No. 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, CHINA
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
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15
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Maity I, Sharma C, Lossada F, Walther A. Feedback and Communication in Active Hydrogel Spheres with pH Fronts: Facile Approaches to Grow Soft Hydrogel Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Maity
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Charu Sharma
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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16
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Maity I, Sharma C, Lossada F, Walther A. Feedback and Communication in Active Hydrogel Spheres with pH Fronts: Facile Approaches to Grow Soft Hydrogel Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22537-22546. [PMID: 34347941 PMCID: PMC8518392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalized reaction networks regulating signal processing, communication and pattern formation are central to living systems. Towards achieving life-like materials, we compartmentalized urea-urease and more complex urea-urease/ester-esterase pH-feedback reaction networks into hydrogel spheres and investigate how fuel-driven pH fronts can be sent out from these spheres and regulated by internal reaction networks. Membrane characteristics are installed by covering urease spheres with responsive hydrogel shells. We then encapsulate the two networks (urea-urease and ester-esterase) separately into different hydrogel spheres to devise communication, pattern formation and attraction. Moreover, these pH fronts and patterns can be used for self-growing hydrogels, and for developing complex geometries from non-injectable hydrogels without 3D printing tools. This study opens possibilities for compartmentalized feedback reactions and their use in next generation materials fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Maity
- A3BMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Charu Sharma
- A3BMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Francisco Lossada
- A3BMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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17
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Jain M, Ravoo BJ. Fuel-Driven and Enzyme-Regulated Redox-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21062-21068. [PMID: 34252251 PMCID: PMC8518796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reaction networks (CRN) embedded in hydrogels can transform responsive materials into complex self-regulating materials that generate feedback to counter the effect of external stimuli. This study presents hydrogels containing the β-cyclodextrin (CD) and ferrocene (Fc) host-guest pair as supramolecular crosslinks where redox-responsive behavior is driven by the enzyme-fuel couples horse radish peroxidase (HRP)-H2 O2 and glucose oxidase (GOx)-d-glucose. The hydrogel can be tuned from a responsive to a self-regulating supramolecular system by varying the concentration of added reduction fuel d-glucose. The onset of self-regulating behavior is due to formation of oxidation fuel in the hydrogel by a cofactor intermediate GOx[FADH2 ]. UV/Vis spectroscopy, rheology, and kinetic modeling were employed to understand the emergence of out-of-equilibrium behavior and reveal the programmable negative feedback response of the hydrogel, including the adaptation of its elastic modulus and its potential as a glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jain
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
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18
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Jain M, Ravoo BJ. Brennstoffbetriebene und enzymregulierte redoxresponsive supramolekulare Hydrogele. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Jain
- Organisch Chemisches Institut und Center for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch Chemisches Institut und Center for Soft Nanoscience Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
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19
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Panja S, Adams DJ. Urea-Urease Reaction in Controlling Properties of Supramolecular Hydrogels: Pros and Cons. Chemistry 2021; 27:8928-8939. [PMID: 33861488 PMCID: PMC8360084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are useful in many areas such as cell culturing, catalysis, sensing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, environmental remediation and optoelectronics. The gels need specific properties for each application. The properties arise from a fibrous network that forms the matrix. A common method to prepare hydrogels is to use a pH change. Most methods result in a sudden pH jump and often lead to gels that are hard to reproduce and control. The urease-urea reaction can be used to control hydrogel properties by a uniform and controlled pH increase as well as to set up pH cycles. The reaction involves hydrolysis of urea by urease and production of ammonia which increases the pH. The rate of ammonia production can be controlled which can be used to prepare gels with differing properties. Herein, we show how the urease-urea reaction can be used for the construction of next generation functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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20
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Fan X, Walther A. pH Feedback Lifecycles Programmed by Enzymatic Logic Gates Using Common Foods as Fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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21
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Fan X, Walther A. pH Feedback Lifecycles Programmed by Enzymatic Logic Gates Using Common Foods as Fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11398-11405. [PMID: 33682231 PMCID: PMC8252529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial temporal signaling systems, which mimic living out-of-equilibrium conditions, have made large progress. However, systems programmed by enzymatic reaction networks in multicomponent and unknown environments, and using biocompatible components remain a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to program temporal pH signals by enzymatic logic gates. They are realized by an enzymatic disaccharide-to-monosaccharide-to-sugar acid reaction cascade catalyzed by two metabolic chains: invertase-glucose oxidase and β-galactosidase-glucose oxidase, respectively. Lifetimes of the transient pH signal can be programmed from less than 15 min to more than 1 day. We study enzymatic kinetics of the reaction cascades and reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Operating with all-food grade chemicals and coupling to self-regulating hydrogel, our system is quite robust to work in a complicated medium with unknown components and in a biocompatible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- ABMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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22
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Panja S, Dietrich B, Shebanova O, Smith AJ, Adams DJ. Programming Gels Over a Wide pH Range Using Multicomponent Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. Diamond House Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. Diamond House Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of Chemistry University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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23
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Panja S, Dietrich B, Shebanova O, Smith AJ, Adams DJ. Programming Gels Over a Wide pH Range Using Multicomponent Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9973-9977. [PMID: 33605524 PMCID: PMC8252051 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent hydrogels offer a tremendous opportunity for preparing useful and exciting materials that cannot be accessed using a single component. Here, we describe an unusual multi‐component low‐molecular weight gelling system that exhibits pH‐responsive behavior involving cooperative hydrogen bonding between the components, allowing it to maintain a gel phase across a wide pH range. Unlike traditional acid‐triggered gels, our system undergoes a change in the underlying molecular packing and maintains the β‐sheet structure both at acidic and basic pH. We further establish that autonomous programming between these two gel states is possible by an enzymatic reaction which allows us to prepare gels with improved mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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24
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Heckel J, Loescher S, Mathers RT, Walther A. Chemically Fueled Volume Phase Transition of Polyacid Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7117-7125. [PMID: 33340387 PMCID: PMC8048534 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are soft colloids that show responsive behavior and are easy to functionalize for applications. They are considered key components for future smart colloidal material systems. However, so far microgel systems have almost exclusively been studied in classical responsive switching settings using external triggers, while internally organized, autonomous control mechanisms as found in supramolecular chemistry and DNA nanotechnology relying on fuel-driven out-of-equilibrium concepts have not been implemented into microgel systems. Here, we introduce chemically fueled transient volume phase transitions (VPTs) for poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels, where the collapsed hydrophobic state can be programmed using the fuel concentration in a cyclic reaction network. We discuss details of the system behavior as a function of pH and fuel amount, unravel kinetically trapped regions and showcase transient encapsulation and time-programmed release as a first application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heckel
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of ChemistryPennsylvania State UniversityNew KensingtonPA15068USA
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS LabDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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25
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Heckel J, Loescher S, Mathers RT, Walther A. Chemically Fueled Volume Phase Transition of Polyacid Microgels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heckel
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Loescher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry Pennsylvania State University New Kensington PA 15068 USA
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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26
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Ludwanowski S, Skarsetz O, Creusen G, Hoenders D, Straub P, Walther A. Wavelength-Gated Adaptation of Hydrogel Properties via Photo-Dynamic Multivalency in Associative Star Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4358-4367. [PMID: 33180989 PMCID: PMC7898538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Responsive materials, such as switchable hydrogels, have been largely engineered for maximum changes between two states. In contrast, adaptive systems target distinct functional plateaus between these maxima. Here, we demonstrate how the photostationary state (PSS) of an E/Z-arylazopyrazole photoswitch can be tuned by the incident wavelength across a wide color spectrum, and how this behavior can be exploited to engineer the photo-dynamic mechanical properties of hydrogels based on multivalent photoswitchable interactions. We show that these hydrogels adapt to the wavelength-dependent PSS and the number of arylazopyrazole units by programmable relationships. Hence, our material design enables the facile adjustment of the mechanical properties without laborious synthetic efforts. The concept goes beyond the classical switching from state A to B, and demonstrates pathways for a truly wavelength-gated adaptation of hydrogel properties potentially useful to engineer cell fate or in soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ludwanowski
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Creusen
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Paula Straub
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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27
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Fan X, Walther A. Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3619-3624. [PMID: 33098236 PMCID: PMC7898518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient signaling orchestrates complex spatiotemporal behaviour in living organisms via (bio)chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Compartmentalization of signal processing is an important aspect for controlling such networks. However, artificial CRNs mostly focus on homogeneous solutions to program autonomous self-assembling systems, which limits their accessible behaviour and tuneability. Here, we introduce layered compartments housing antagonistic pH-modulating enzymes and demonstrate that transient pH signals in a supernatant solution can be programmed based on spatial delays. This overcomes limitations of activity mismatches of antagonistic enzymes in solution and allows to flexibly program acidic and alkaline pH lifecycles beyond the possibilities of homogeneous solutions. Lag time, lifetime, and the pH minima and maxima can be precisely programmed by adjusting spatial and kinetic conditions. We integrate these spatially controlled pH flips with switchable peptides, furnishing time-programmed self-assemblies and hydrogel material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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28
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Dhiman S, Singh A, George SJ. Active Bicomponent Nanoparticle Assembly with Temporal, Microstructural, and Functional Control. Chemistry 2021; 27:705-711. [PMID: 32697396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient supramolecular self-assembly has evolved as a tool to create temporally programmable smart materials. Yet, so far single-component self-assembly has been mostly explored. In contrast, multicomponent self-assembly provides an opportunity to create unique nanostructures exhibiting complex functional outcomes, newer and different than individual components. Even two-component can result in multiple organizations, such as self-sorted domains or co-assembled heterostructures, can occur, thus making it highly complex to predict and reversibly modulate these microstructures. In this study, we attempted to create active bicomponent nanoparticle assemblies of orthogonally pH-responsive-group-functionalized gold and cadmium selenide nanoparticles with temporal microstructural control on their composition (self-sorted or co-assembly) in order to harvest their emergent transient photocatalytic activity by coupling to temporal changes in pH. Moving towards multicomponent systems can deliver next level control in terms of structural and functional outcomes of supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Dhiman
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) and New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) and New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) and New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, 560064, India
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29
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Ludwanowski S, Skarsetz O, Creusen G, Hoenders D, Straub P, Walther A. Wellenlängengesteuerte Adaption der Hydrogeleigenschaften durch Photodynamische Multivalenz in Assoziierenden Sternpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ludwanowski
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Skarsetz
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Guido Creusen
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Hoenders
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive und Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Fachbereich Chemie Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Paula Straub
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Cluster livMatS @ FIT – Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive and Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
- Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien (FIT) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- Exzellenz-Cluster livMatS @ FIT – Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Deutschland
- A3BMS Lab – Aktive, Adaptive und Autonome Bioinspirierte Materialen Fachbereich Chemie Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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30
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Fan X, Walther A. Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- A3BMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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Andreas Walther. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andreas Walther. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20741. [PMID: 32662138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
"The most exciting thing about research is the freedom to explore uncharted territory. The best advice I have ever been given is that good research is driven by a hypothesis …" Find out more about Andreas Walther in his Author Profile.
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van der Helm MP, Wang CL, Fan B, Macchione M, Mendes E, Eelkema R. Organocatalytic Control over a Fuel-Driven Transient-Esterification Network*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20604-20611. [PMID: 32700406 PMCID: PMC7693295 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction in living systems is the conversion of information into a chemical change, and is the principal process by which cells communicate. In nature, these functions are encoded in non-equilibrium (bio)chemical reaction networks (CRNs) controlled by enzymes. However, man-made catalytically controlled networks are rare. We incorporated catalysis into an artificial fuel-driven out-of-equilibrium CRN, where the forward (ester formation) and backward (ester hydrolysis) reactions are controlled by varying the ratio of two organocatalysts: pyridine and imidazole. This catalytic regulation enables full control over ester yield and lifetime. This fuel-driven strategy was expanded to a responsive polymer system, where transient polymer conformation and aggregation are controlled through fuel and catalyst levels. Altogether, we show that organocatalysis can be used to control a man-made fuel-driven system and induce a change in a macromolecular superstructure, as in natural non-equilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P van der Helm
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chang-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mariano Macchione
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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Leng Z, Peng F, Hao X. Chemical-Fuel-Driven Assembly in Macromolecular Science: Recent Advances and Challenges. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1190-1199. [PMID: 32584522 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, chemical-fuel-driven processes have been integrated with synthetic self-assembled systems, in which both the formation and properties can be carefully controlled. This strategy can drive systems far away from equilibrium, tailor the lifetime window of transient self-assembled systems, thus holding promise for future smart, adaptive, self-regulated, and life-like systems. By judging whether the building blocks or transient self-assembled systems participate in the fuel-to-waste conversion, the reported systems can be divided into two classes: dissipative self-assembly and self-assembly under dissipative conditions. Among these systems, the utilization of macromolecular building blocks to design non-equilibrium self-assemblied systems is becoming common. Macromolecular systems capable of dissipating energy with a programmed time domain have found widespread application, and have therefore been an active field of scientific inquiry. This Minireview aims to highlight the recent progress and opportunities of chemical-fuel-driven assembly in macromolecules. We envision that chemical-fuel-driven approach will play an increasingly important role in polymer science in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZeJian Leng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Sun M, Deng J, Walther A. Polymer Transformers: Interdigitating Reaction Networks of Fueled Monomer Species to Reconfigure Functional Polymer States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18161-18165. [PMID: 32608535 PMCID: PMC7590193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptivity is an essential trait of life. One type of adaptivity is the reconfiguration of a functional system states by correlating sensory inputs. We report polymer transformers, which can adaptively reconfigure their composition from a state of a mixed copolymer to being enriched in either monomer A or B. This is achieved by embedding and hierarchically interconnecting two chemically fueled activation/deactivation enzymatic reaction networks for both monomers via a joint activation pathway (network level) and an AB linker monomer reactive to both A and B (species level). The ratio of enzymes governing the individual deactivation pathways (our external signals) control the enrichment behavior in the dynamic state. The method shows high programmability of the reconfigured state, rejuvenation of transformation cycles, and quick in situ adaptation. As a proof-of-concept, we showcase this dynamic reconfiguration for colloidal surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Sun
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Jie Deng
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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36
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Chandrabhas S, Maiti S, Fortunati I, Ferrante C, Gabrielli L, Prins LJ. Nucleotide-Selective Templated Self-Assembly of Nanoreactors under Dissipative Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22223-22229. [PMID: 32833254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nature adopts complex chemical networks to finely tune biochemical processes. Indeed, small biomolecules play a key role in regulating the flux of metabolic pathways. Chemistry, which was traditionally focused on reactions in simple mixtures, is dedicating increasing attention to the network reactivity of highly complex synthetic systems, able to display new kinetic phenomena. Herein, we show that the addition of monophosphate nucleosides to a mixture of amphiphiles and reagents leads to the selective templated formation of self-assembled structures, which can accelerate a reaction between two hydrophobic reactants. The correct matching between nucleotide and the amphiphile head group is fundamental for the selective formation of the assemblies and for the consequent up-regulation of the chemical reaction. Transient stability of the nanoreactors is obtained under dissipative conditions, driven by enzymatic dephosphorylation of the templating nucleotides. These results show that small molecules can play a key role in modulating network reactivity, by selectively templating self-assembled structures that are able to up-regulate chemical reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, India
| | - Ilaria Fortunati
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard J Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Chandrabhas S, Maiti S, Fortunati I, Ferrante C, Gabrielli L, Prins LJ. Nucleotide‐Selective Templated Self‐Assembly of Nanoreactors under Dissipative Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Chandrabhas
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Manauli 140306 India
| | - Ilaria Fortunati
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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Helm MP, Wang C, Fan B, Macchione M, Mendes E, Eelkema R. Organocatalytic Control over a Fuel‐Driven Transient‐Esterification Network**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P. Helm
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Chang‐Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Mariano Macchione
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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Sun M, Deng J, Walther A. Polymer Transformers: Interdigitating Reaction Networks of Fueled Monomer Species to Reconfigure Functional Polymer States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Sun
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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40
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Panzarasa G. Clocking the Clock: Programmable Acid Autocatalysis in the Chlorite‐Tetrathionate Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials Department of Materials ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zürich
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41
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Deng J, Walther A. ATP-powered molecular recognition to engineer transient multivalency and self-sorting 4D hierarchical systems. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3658. [PMID: 32694613 PMCID: PMC7374688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological systems organize multiple hierarchical structures in parallel, and create dynamic assemblies and functions by energy dissipation. In contrast, emerging artificial non-equilibrium self-assembling systems have remained relatively simplistic concerning hierarchical design, and non-equilibrium multi-component systems are uncharted territory. Here we report a modular DNA toolbox allowing to program transient non-equilibrium multicomponent systems across hierarchical length scales by introducing chemically fueled molecular recognition orchestrated by reaction networks of concurrent ATP-powered ligation and cleavage of freely programmable DNA building blocks. Going across hierarchical levels, we demonstrate transient side-chain functionalized nucleic acid polymers, and further introduce the concept of transient cooperative multivalency as a key to bridge length scales to pioneer fuel-driven encapsulation, self-assembly of colloids, and non-equilibrium transient narcissistic colloidal self-sorting on a systems level. The fully programmable and functionalizable DNA components pave the way to design chemically fueled 4D (3 space, 1 time) molecular multicomponent systems and autonomous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence "Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems" (livMatS), 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- DFG Cluster of Excellence "Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems" (livMatS), 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Zhong Y, Chen T, Wang X. Repairing Creep-Resistant and Kinetically Inert Hydrogels via Yeast Activity-Regulated Energy Dissipation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4507-4513. [PMID: 35025449 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Energy dissipation, a ubiquitous process in biological systems, has been intensively studied and widely used to guide the transient assembly of natural or synthetic molecules, but very few examples of material transient healability controlled by this important process have been reported. Herein, we realize the healing of creep-resistant and kinetically inert polymer hydrogels that is driven by the respiration of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and spontaneous energy dissipation. The entire healing process can be simply controlled by a single variable: sucrose concentration. Due to the high activity and stability of yeast in the hydrogels, multiple local healing events become possible and healing of damaged hydrogels is also efficient after a long waiting time. All these results indicate that our yeast-containing polymer hydrogels are kinetically stable materials, which can be readily healable on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
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43
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Deng J, Bezold D, Jessen HJ, Walther A. Multiple Light Control Mechanisms in ATP-Fueled Non-equilibrium DNA Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12084-12092. [PMID: 32232894 PMCID: PMC7384039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuel-driven self-assemblies are gaining ground for creating autonomous systems and materials, whose temporal behavior is preprogrammed by a reaction network. However, up to now there has been a lack of simple external control mechanisms of the transient behavior, at best using remote and benign light control. Even more challenging is to use different wavelengths to modulate the reactivity of different components of the system, for example, as fuel or building blocks. Success would enable such systems to navigate along different trajectories in a wavelength-dependent fashion. Herein, we introduce the first examples of light control in ATP-fueled, dynamic covalent DNA polymerization systems organized in an enzymatic reaction network of concurrent ATP-powered ligation and restriction. We demonstrate concepts for light activation and modulation by introducing caged ATP derivatives and caged DNA building blocks, making it possible to realize light-activated fueling, self-sorting in structure and behavior, and transition across different wavelength-dependent dynamic steady states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Strasse 3179104FreiburgGermany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS)79110FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Strasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorge-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Dominik Bezold
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS)79110FreiburgGermany
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstrasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS)79110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Strasse 3179104FreiburgGermany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS)79110FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Strasse 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorge-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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44
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Deng J, Bezold D, Jessen HJ, Walther A. Multiple Light Control Mechanisms in ATP‐Fueled Non‐equilibrium DNA Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS) 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg George-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dominik Bezold
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS) 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS) 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence “Living, Adaptive and Energy-Autonomous Materials Systems” (livMatS) 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials & Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg George-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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Sproncken CCM, Gumí‐Audenis B, Panzarasa G, Voets IK. Two‐Stage Polyelectrolyte Assembly Orchestrated by a Clock Reaction. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian C M. Sproncken
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter and Laboratory of Macro-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 516 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
| | - Berta Gumí‐Audenis
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter and Laboratory of Macro-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 516 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials Department of Materials ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing Soft Matter and Laboratory of Macro-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 516 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands
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46
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Hao X, Yang K, Wang H, Peng F, Yang H. Biocatalytic Feedback‐Controlled Non‐Newtonian Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignBeijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryChinese Academy of ScienceDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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Maguire OR, Wong ASY, Baltussen MG, van Duppen P, Pogodaev AA, Huck WTS. Dynamic Environments as a Tool to Preserve Desired Output in a Chemical Reaction Network. Chemistry 2020; 26:1676-1682. [PMID: 31808965 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current efforts to design functional molecular systems have overlooked the importance of coupling out-of-equilibrium behaviour with changes in the environment. Here, the authors use an oscillating reaction network and demonstrate that the application of environmental forcing, in the form of periodic changes in temperature and in the inflow of the concentration of one of the network components, removes the dependency of the periodicity of this network on temperature or flow rates and enforces a stable periodicity across a wide range of conditions. Coupling a system to a dynamic environment can thus be used as a simple tool to regulate the output of a network. In addition, the authors show that coupling can also induce an increase in behavioural complexity to include quasi-periodic oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Maguire
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert S Y Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mathieu G Baltussen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peer van Duppen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr A Pogodaev
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T S Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hao X, Yang K, Wang H, Peng F, Yang H. Biocatalytic Feedback-Controlled Non-Newtonian Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4314-4319. [PMID: 31876353 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-Newtonian fluids are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial applications. Herein, we report an intelligent fluidic system integrating two distinct non-Newtonian rheological properties mediated by an autocatalytic enzyme reaction. Associative polyelectrolytes bearing a small amount of ionic and alkyl groups are engineered: by carefully balancing the charge density and the hydrophobic effect, the polymer solutions demonstrate a unique shear thickening property at low pH while shear thinning at high pH. The urea-urease clock reaction is utilized to program a feedback-induced pH change, leading to a strong upturn of the nonlinear viscoelastic properties. As long as the chemical fuel is supplied, two distinct non-Newtonian states can be achieved with a tunable lifetime span. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the physical energy-driven nonequilibrium properties can be manipulated by a chemical-fueled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaixiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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50
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Che H, Zhu J, Song S, Mason AF, Cao S, Pijpers IAB, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. ATP-Mediated Transient Behavior of Stomatocyte Nanosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13113-13118. [PMID: 31267638 PMCID: PMC7079195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In nature, dynamic processes are ubiquitous and often characterized by adaptive, transient behavior. Herein, we present the development of a transient bowl-shaped nanoreactor system, or stomatocyte, the properties of which are mediated by molecular interactions. In a stepwise fashion, we couple motility to a dynamic process, which is maintained by transient events; namely, binding and unbinding of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The surface of the nanosystem is decorated with polylysine (PLL), and regulation is achieved by addition of ATP. The dynamic interaction between PLL and ATP leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the PLL-ATP complex and subsequently to a collapse of the polymer; this causes a narrowing of the opening of the stomatocytes. The presence of the apyrase, which hydrolyzes ATP, leads to a decrease of the ATP concentration, decomplexation of PLL, and reopening of the stomatocyte. The competition between ATP input and consumption gives rise to a transient state that is controlled by the out-of-equilibrium process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Che
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jianzhi Zhu
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Shidong Song
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander F. Mason
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Imke A. B. Pijpers
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Eindhoven University of TechnologyInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsP.O. Box 513 (STO 3.41)5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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