1
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Kuninobu Y. Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation and Its Related Reactions of (Hetero)aromatic Compounds. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300003. [PMID: 36899485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated functional groups, including trifluoromethyl group, play important roles in the development of drugs, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials. Therefore, the development of highly effective and practical reactions to introduce fluorinated functional groups into (hetero)aromatic compounds is highly desirable. We have achieved several regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and related reactions by electrophilic and nucleophilic activation of six-membered heteroaromatic compounds and steric protection of aromatic compounds. These reactions proceed in good to excellent yields, even on a gram scale, with high functional group tolerance, and are applicable to the regioselective trifluoromethylation of drug molecules. In this personal account, the background of the introduction reactions of fluorinated functional groups, our reaction designs to achieve regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and the related reactions of (hetero)aromatic compounds are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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2
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridylic C-H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204217. [PMID: 35481719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient pyridylic C(sp3 )-H functionalization has been developed through photocatalytic radical-mediated fluoroalkylation or cascade reactions. This method is enabled by the reversible formation of alkylidene dihydropyridine intermediates via the facile enolate formation of C4-alkyl N-amidopyridinium salts in the absence of an external base, thereby establishing the conditions necessary for subsequent intermolecular radical trapping. Rapid structural diversification of the pyridylic site can be achieved through photocatalytic multicomponent cascade reactions involving alkene trifluoromethylation, SO2 -reincorporation, and sulfonyl radical addition. This operationally simple method features a broad substrate scope and high chemoselectivity and offers a unique approach for the rational modification of the heterobenzylic C-H bonds of pyridines and quinolines with uniform site-selective control. Furthermore, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna You
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kim M, You E, Kim J, Hong S. Site‐Selective Pyridylic C–H Functionalization by Photocatalytic Radical Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myojeong Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Euna You
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jieun Kim
- KAIST: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST Department of Chemistry Yusung Gu (KAIST) 34141 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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4
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Anugu N, Thunga S, Golla S, Kokatla HP. Iodine Catalyzed C2‐H Formamidation of Quinoline
N
‐Oxides using Isocyanides: A Metal‐Free Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Anugu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Sanjeeva Thunga
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Sivaparwathi Golla
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal Telangana 506004 India
| | - Hari Prasad Kokatla
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal Warangal Telangana 506004 India
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5
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Latha DS, Yaragorla S. C(sp3
)-H Functionalization of 2-Methyl Azaarenes: Highly Facile Approach to Aza-Heterocyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandugula Sneha Latha
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; P.O. Central University, Gachibowli; 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; P.O. Central University, Gachibowli; 500046 Hyderabad India
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6
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Kiss L, Ouchakour L, Ábrahámi RA, Nonn M. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Azaheterocycles from Carbocycles through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Ring Closing Protocols. CHEM REC 2019; 20:120-141. [PMID: 31250972 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing organic scaffolds are of significant interest in medicinal chemistry. The incorporation of fluorine into biomolecules can lead to remarkable changes in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. There are already many drugs on the market, which contain at least one fluorine atom. Saturated functionalized azaheterocycles as bioactive substances have gained increasing attention in pharmaceutical chemistry. Due to the high biorelevance of organofluorine molecules and the importance of N-heterocyclic compounds, selective stereocontrolled procedures to the access of new fluorine-containing saturated N-heterocycles are considered to be a hot research topic. This account summarizes the synthesis of functionalized and fluorine-containing saturated azaheterocycles starting from functionalized cycloalkenes and based on oxidative ring cleavage of diol intermediates followed by ring expansion with reductive amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
| | - Lamiaa Ouchakour
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
| | - Renáta A Ábrahámi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Melinda Nonn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hungary
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7
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Liu H, Ge L, Wang D, Chen N, Feng C. Photoredox‐Coupled F‐Nucleophilic Addition: Allylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3918-3922. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Liang Ge
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xing Wang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
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8
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Liu H, Ge L, Wang D, Chen N, Feng C. Photoredox‐Coupled F‐Nucleophilic Addition: Allylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Liang Ge
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xing Wang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
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9
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Liu Z, Xiao H, Zhang B, Shen H, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Remote C(sp3
)−H Trifluoromethylation of Carboxamides and Sulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry; Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
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10
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Liu Z, Xiao H, Zhang B, Shen H, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Remote C(sp 3 )-H Trifluoromethylation of Carboxamides and Sulfonamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2510-2513. [PMID: 30614163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is an unprecedented protocol for trifluoromethylation of unactivated aliphatic C(sp3 )-H bonds. With Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst, the reaction of N-fluoro-substituted carboxamides (or sulfonamides) with Zn(CF3 )2 complexes provides the corresponding δ-trifluoromethylated carboxamides (or sulfonamides) in satisfactory yields under mild reaction conditions. A radical mechanism involving 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of N-radicals followed by CF3 -transfer from CuII -CF3 complexes to the thus formed alkyl radicals is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, P. R. China
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11
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Cheng M, Zhang B, Cui W, Gross ML. Laser-Initiated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Peptides and Proteins: Application to Mass-Spectrometry-Based Protein Footprinting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; One Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Bojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; One Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; One Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry; Washington University in St. Louis; One Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
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12
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Cheng M, Zhang B, Cui W, Gross ML. Laser-Initiated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Peptides and Proteins: Application to Mass-Spectrometry-Based Protein Footprinting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14007-14010. [PMID: 28901679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Described is a novel, laser-initiated radical trifluoromethylation for protein footprinting and its broad residue coverage. . CF3 reacts with 18 of the 20 common amino acids, including Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Asp, and Glu, which are relatively silent with regard to . OH. This new approach to footprinting is a bridge between trifluoromethylation in materials and medicinal chemistry and structural biology and biotechnology. Its application to a membrane protein and to myoglobin show that the approach is sensitive to protein conformational change and solvent accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Bojie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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13
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Sterckx H, Sambiagio C, Médran-Navarrete V, Maes BUW. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxygenation of Benzylpyridine N
-Oxides and Subsequent Post-Functionalization. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Sterckx
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY); Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171, B- 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Carlo Sambiagio
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY); Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171, B- 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Vincent Médran-Navarrete
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY); Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171, B- 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic Synthesis (ORSY); Department of Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171, B- 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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14
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Bastida I, Segundo MS, López R, Palomo C. Strategy for Stereoselective Metal-free α-Functionalization of 2-Azaaryl Acetates with N-Boc Imines. Chemistry 2017; 23:13332-13336. [PMID: 28869315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the first diastereo- and enantioselective formal Mannich reaction of 2-pyridyl acetates which gives rise to α- and β-functionalized 2-substituted pyridines. Key for success is the previous azaarene N-oxide formation enabling α-carbon deprotonation by a mild bifunctional Brønsted base and subsequent reaction with N-Boc imines under almost perfect stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Bastida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marcos San Segundo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
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15
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Tang H, Lin L, Feng C, Loh T. Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Ling‐Zhi Lin
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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16
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Tang H, Lin L, Feng C, Loh T. Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Ling‐Zhi Lin
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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