1
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Spöring J, Wiesenthal J, Pfennig VS, Gätgens J, Beydoun K, Bolm C, Klankermayer J, Rother D. Effective Production of Selected Dioxolanes by Sequential Bio- and Chemocatalysis Enabled by Adapted Solvent Switching. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201981. [PMID: 36448365 PMCID: PMC10107191 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most combinations of chemo- and biocatalysis take place in aqueous media or require a solvent change with complex intermediate processing. Using enzymes in the same organic solvent as the chemocatalyst eliminates this need. Here, it was shown that a complete chemoenzymatic cascade to form dioxolanes could be carried out in a purely organic environment. The result, including downstream processing, was compared with a classical mode, shifting solvent. First, a two-step enzyme cascade starting from aliphatic aldehydes to chiral diols (3,4-hexanediol and 4,5-octanediol) was run either in an aqueous buffer or in the potentially biobased solvent cyclopentyl methyl ether. Subsequently, a ruthenium molecular catalyst enabled the conversion to dioxolanes [e. g., (4S,5S)-dipropyl-1,3-dioxolane]. Importantly, the total synthesis of this product was not only highly stereoselective but also based on the combination of biomass, CO2 , and hydrogen, thus providing an important example of a bio-hybrid chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan‐Dirk Spöring
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Jan Wiesenthal
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | | | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Kassem Beydoun
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
| | - Dörte Rother
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
- Aachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen University52056AachenGermany
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2
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Croci F, Vilím J, Adamopoulou T, Tseliou V, Schoenmakers PJ, Knaus T, Mutti FG. Continuous Flow Biocatalytic Reductive Amination by Co-Entrapping Dehydrogenases with Agarose Gel in a 3D-Printed Mould Reactor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200549. [PMID: 36173971 PMCID: PMC9828473 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show how the merge of biocatalysis with flow chemistry aided by 3D-printing technologies can facilitate organic synthesis. This concept was exemplified for the reductive amination of benzaldehyde catalysed by co-immobilised amine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase in a continuous flow micro-reactor. For this purpose, we investigated enzyme co-immobilisation by covalent binding, or ion-affinity binding, or entrapment. Entrapment in an agarose hydrogel turned out to be the most promising solution for this biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, we developed a scalable and customisable approach whereby an agarose hydrogel containing the co-entrapped dehydrogenases was cast in a 3D-printed mould. The reactor was applied to the reductive amination of benzaldehyde in continuous flow over 120 h and afforded 47 % analytical yield and a space-time yield of 7.4 g L day-1 using 0.03 mol% biocatalysts loading. This work also exemplifies how rapid prototyping of enzymatic reactions in flow can be achieved through 3D-printing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Croci
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Vilím
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theodora Adamopoulou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vasilis Tseliou
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tanja Knaus
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences HIMS-Biocat & Analytical ChemistryUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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3
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McDonald AD, Bruffy SK, Kasat AT, Buller AR. Engineering Enzyme Substrate Scope Complementarity for Promiscuous Cascade Synthesis of 1,2-Amino Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212637. [PMID: 36136093 PMCID: PMC9643649 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades are uniquely powerful for the efficient, asymmetric synthesis of bioactive compounds. However, high substrate specificity can hinder the scope of biocatalytic cascades because the constituent enzymes may have non-complementary activity. In this study, we implemented a substrate multiplexed screening (SUMS) based directed evolution approach to improve the substrate scope overlap between a transaldolase (ObiH) and a decarboxylase for the production of chiral 1,2-amino alcohols. To generate a promiscuous cascade, we engineered a tryptophan decarboxylase to act efficiently on β-OH amino acids while avoiding activity on l-threonine, which is needed for ObiH activity. We leveraged this exquisite selectivity with matched substrate scope to produce a variety of enantiopure 1,2-amino alcohols in a one-pot cascade from aldehydes or styrene oxides. This demonstration shows how SUMS can be used to guide the development of promiscuous, C-C bond forming cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allwin D. McDonald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Samantha K. Bruffy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Aadhishre T. Kasat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1101 University AvenueMadisonWisconsin 53706USA
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4
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Ascaso‐Alegre C, Herrera RP, Mangas‐Sánchez J. Stereoselective Three-Step One-Pot Cascade Combining Amino- and Biocatalysis to Access Chiral γ-Nitro Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209159. [PMID: 35983936 PMCID: PMC9826084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of small-molecule catalysis and enzyme catalysis represents an underexploited area of research with huge potential in asymmetric synthetic chemistry due to both compatibility of reaction conditions and complementary reactivity. Herein, we describe the telescopic synthesis of chiral nitro alcohols starting from commercially available benzaldehyde derivatives through the one-pot three-step chemoenzymatic cascade combination of a Wittig reaction, chiral-thiourea-catalysed asymmetric conjugate addition, and ketoreductase-mediated reduction to access the corresponding target compounds in moderate to excellent overall isolated yields (36-80 %) and high diastereomeric and enantiomeric ratios (up to >97 : 3). This represents the first example of the combination of an organocatalysed asymmetric conjugate addition via iminium ion activation and a bioreduction step catalysed by ketoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ascaso‐Alegre
- Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)—University of ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)—University of ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Juan Mangas‐Sánchez
- Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH)Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)—University of ZaragozaPedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain,ARAID Foundation50018ZaragozaSpain
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5
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Gao D, Song W, Wu J, Guo L, Gao C, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L. Efficient Production of L‐Homophenylalanine by Enzymatic‐Chemical Cascade Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207077. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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6
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Ascaso-Alegre C, P. Herrera R, Mangas-Sanchez J. Stereoselective Three‐Step One‐Pot Cascade Combining Amino‐ and Biocatalysis to Access Chiral Υ‐Nitro Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ascaso-Alegre
- CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis SPAIN
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Institute of Chemical Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis SPAIN
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- ARAID: Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y Desarrollo ISQCH PEDRO CERBUNA, 12FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS D 50009 ZARAGOZA SPAIN
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7
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Efficient Production of L‐homophenylalanine by Enzymatic–Chemical Cascade Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Wohlgemuth R. Selective Biocatalytic Defunctionalization of Raw Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200402. [PMID: 35388636 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biobased raw materials, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, or lipids contain valuable functional groups with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. An abundance of many functional groups of the same type, such as primary or secondary hydroxy groups in carbohydrates, however, limits the synthetic usefulness if similar reactivities cannot be differentiated. Therefore, selective defunctionalization of highly functionalized biobased starting materials to differentially functionalized compounds can provide a sustainable access to chiral synthons, even in case of products with fewer functional groups. Selective defunctionalization reactions, without affecting other functional groups of the same type, are of fundamental interest for biocatalytic reactions. Controlled biocatalytic defunctionalizations of biobased raw materials are attractive for obtaining valuable platform chemicals and building blocks. The biocatalytic removal of functional groups, an important feature of natural metabolic pathways, can also be utilized in a systemic strategy for sustainable metabolite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology Łódź, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology (SKB), 8002, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Littlechild JA, Schürmann M, Sheldon RA, Wohlgemuth R. Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102709. [PMID: 35238475 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role and power of biocatalysis in sustainable chemistry has been continuously brought forward step by step to its present outstanding position. The problem-solving capabilities of biocatalysis have been realized by numerous substantial achievements in biology, chemistry and engineering. Advances and breakthroughs in the life sciences and interdisciplinary cooperation with chemistry have clearly accelerated the implementation of biocatalytic synthesis in modern chemistry. Resource-efficient biocatalytic manufacturing processes have already provided numerous benefits to sustainable chemistry as well as customer-centric value creation in the pharmaceutical, food, flavor, fragrance, vitamin, agrochemical, polymer, specialty, and fine chemical industries. Biocatalysis can make significant contributions not only to manufacturing processes, but also to the design of completely new value-creation chains. Biocatalysis can now be considered as a key enabling technology to implement sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Is., Spain
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Fessner ND, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
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11
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Doyon TJ, Kumar P, Thein S, Kim M, Stitgen A, Grieger AM, Madigan C, Willoughby PH, Buller AR. Scalable and Selective β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acid Synthesis Catalyzed by Promiscuous l-Threonine Transaldolase ObiH. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100577. [PMID: 34699683 PMCID: PMC8796315 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from secondary metabolic pathways possess broad potential for the selective synthesis of complex bioactive molecules. However, the practical application of these enzymes for organic synthesis is dependent on the development of efficient, economical, operationally simple, and well-characterized systems for preparative scale reactions. We sought to bridge this knowledge gap for the selective biocatalytic synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids, which are important synthetic building blocks. To achieve this goal, we demonstrated the ability of ObiH, an l-threonine transaldolase, to achieve selective milligram-scale synthesis of a diverse array of non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) using a scalable whole cell platform. We show how the initial selectivity of the catalyst is high and how the diastereomeric ratio of products decreases at high conversion due to product re-entry into the catalytic cycle. ObiH-catalyzed reactions with a variety of aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes selectively generated a panel of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids possessing broad functional-group diversity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ObiH-generated β-hydroxy-α-amino acids could be modified through additional transformations to access important motifs, such as β-chloro-α-amino acids and substituted α-keto acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Doyon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Sierra Thein
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | - Maeve Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | - Abigail Stitgen
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | | | - Cormac Madigan
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | | | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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12
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Cosgrove S, Mattey A. Reaching new biocatalytic reactivity using continuous flow reactors. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103607. [PMID: 34882844 PMCID: PMC9303305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of flow reactors in biocatalysis has increased significantly in recent years. Chemists have begun to design flow systems that even allow new biocatalytic reactions to take place. This concept article will focus on the design of flow systems that have allowed enzymes to go beyond their limits in batch. The case is made for moving towards fully continuous systems. With flow chemistry increasingly seen as an enabling technology for automated synthesis, and with advancements in AI‐assisted enzyme design, there is a real possibility to fully automate the development and implementation of a continuous biocatalytic processes. This will lead to significantly improved enzyme processes for synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Cosgrove
- Keele University, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, ST5 5BG, Keele, UNITED KINGDOM
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13
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Hilker S, Posevins D, Unelius CR, Bäckvall JE. Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations of β-Hydroxyketones. Chemistry 2021; 27:15623-15627. [PMID: 34428339 PMCID: PMC9293354 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the development and application of chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DYKAT) of α‐substituted β‐hydroxyketones (β‐HKs), using Candida antartica lipase B (CALB) as transesterification catalyst and a ruthenium complex as epimerization catalyst. An operationally simple protocol allows for an efficient preparation of highly enantiomerically enriched α‐substituted β‐oxoacetates. The products were obtained in yields up to 95 % with good diastereomeric ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hilker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniels Posevins
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Rikard Unelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Linnaeus University, 39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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15
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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16
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Mantel M, Giesler M, Guder M, Rüthlein E, Hartmann L, Pietruszka J. Lewis‐Base‐Brønsted‐Säure‐Enzym‐Katalyse in enantioselektiven mehrstufigen Eintopf‐Synthesen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mantel
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Marian Guder
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Rüthlein
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich Stetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.8 52426 Jülich Deutschland
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 52428 Jülich Deutschland
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17
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Mantel M, Giesler M, Guder M, Rüthlein E, Hartmann L, Pietruszka J. Lewis Base-Brønsted Acid-Enzyme Catalysis in Enantioselective Multistep One-Pot Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16700-16706. [PMID: 33856095 PMCID: PMC8360128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Establishing one-pot, multi-step protocols combining different types of catalysts is one important goal for increasing efficiency in modern organic synthesis. In particular, the high potential of biocatalysts still needs to be harvested. Based on an in-depth mechanistic investigation of a new organocatalytic protocol employing two catalysts {1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO); benzoic acid (BzOH)}, a sequence was established providing starting materials for enzymatic refinement (ene reductase; alcohol dehydrogenase): A gram-scale access to a variety of enantiopure key building blocks for natural product syntheses was enabled utilizing up to six catalytic steps within the same reaction vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mantel
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Marian Guder
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
| | - Elisabeth Rüthlein
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institut für Bioorganische ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum JülichStetternicher Forst, Geb. 15.852426JülichGermany
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Biotechnologie (IBG-1)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52428JülichGermany
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18
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Zeng Y, Liu L, Chen B, Zhang W. Light-Driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation of Dicarboxylic Acids. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:553-559. [PMID: 33945237 PMCID: PMC8095292 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabillis (CvFAP) is one of the three known light-activated enzymes that catalyzes the decarboxylation of fatty acids into the corresponding C1-shortened alkanes. Although the substrate scope of CvFAP has been altered by protein engineering and decoy molecules, it is still limited to mono-fatty acids. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that long chain dicarboxylic acids can be converted by CvFAP. Notably, the conversion of dicarboxylic acids to alkanes still represents a chemically very challenging reaction. Herein, the light-driven enzymatic decarboxylation of dicarboxylic acids to the corresponding (C2-shortened) alkanes using CvFAP is described. A series of dicarboxylic acids is decarboxylated into alkanes in good yields by means of this approach, even for the preparative scales. Reaction pathway studies show that mono-fatty acids are formed as the intermediate products before the final release of C2-shortened alkanes. In addition, the thermostability, storage stability, and recyclability of CvFAP for decarboxylation of dicarboxylic acids are well evaluated. These results represent an advancement over the current state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Yi Zeng
- School of Marine SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai519082P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai519082P. R. China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)Zhuhai519082P. R. China
| | - Bi‐Shuang Chen
- School of Marine SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai519082P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal EngineeringZhuhai519082P. R. China
| | - Wuyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWest 7th AvenueTianjin300308P. R. China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology32 West 7th AvenueTianjin300308P. R. China
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19
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Aleku GA, Roberts GW, Titchiner GR, Leys D. Synthetic Enzyme-Catalyzed CO 2 Fixation Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1781-1804. [PMID: 33631048 PMCID: PMC8252502 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, (de)carboxylases that catalyze reversible (de)carboxylation have been targeted for application as carboxylation catalysts. This has led to the development of proof-of-concept (bio)synthetic CO2 fixation routes for chemical production. However, further progress towards industrial application has been hampered by the thermodynamic constraint that accompanies fixing CO2 to organic molecules. In this Review, biocatalytic carboxylation methods are discussed with emphases on the diverse strategies devised to alleviate the inherent thermodynamic constraints and their application in synthetic CO2 -fixation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin A. Aleku
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Cambridge80 Tennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1GAUK
| | - George W. Roberts
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Gabriel R. Titchiner
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - David Leys
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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20
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Schnepel C, Dodero VI, Sewald N. Novel Arylindigoids by Late-Stage Derivatization of Biocatalytically Synthesized Dibromoindigo. Chemistry 2021; 27:5404-5411. [PMID: 33496351 PMCID: PMC8048522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigoids represent natural product-based compounds applicable as organic semiconductors and photoresponsive materials. Yet modified indigo derivatives are difficult to access by chemical synthesis. A biocatalytic approach applying several consecutive selective C-H functionalizations was developed that selectively provides access to various indigoids: Enzymatic halogenation of l-tryptophan followed by indole generation with tryptophanase yields 5-, 6- and 7-bromoindoles. Subsequent hydroxylation using a flavin monooxygenase furnishes dibromoindigo that is derivatized by acylation. This four-step one-pot cascade gives dibromoindigo in good isolated yields. Moreover, the halogen substituent allows for late-stage diversification by cross-coupling directly performed in the crude mixture, thus enabling synthesis of a small set of 6,6'-diarylindigo derivatives. This chemoenzymatic approach provides a modular platform towards novel indigoids with attractive spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnepel
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
- Present address: School of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Veronica I. Dodero
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organische und Bioorganische ChemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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21
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Gandomkar S, Rocha R, Sorgenfrei FA, Montero LM, Fuchs M, Kroutil W. PQQ-dependent Dehydrogenase Enables One-pot Bi-enzymatic Enantio-convergent Biocatalytic Amination of Racemic sec-Allylic Alcohols. ChemCatChem 2021; 13:1290-1293. [PMID: 33777250 PMCID: PMC7986696 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric amination of secondary racemic allylic alcohols bears several challenges like the reactivity of the bi-functional substrate/product as well as of the α,β-unsaturated ketone intermediate in an oxidation-reductive amination sequence. Heading for a biocatalytic amination cascade with a minimal number of enzymes, an oxidation step was implemented relying on a single PQQ-dependent dehydrogenase with low enantioselectivity. This enzyme allowed the oxidation of both enantiomers at the expense of iron(III) as oxidant. The stereoselective amination of the α,β-unsaturated ketone intermediate was achieved with transaminases using 1-phenylethylamine as formal reducing agent as well as nitrogen source. Choosing an appropriate transaminase, either the (R)- or (S)-enantiomer was obtained in optically pure form (>98 % ee). The enantio-convergent amination of the racemic allylic alcohols to one single allylic amine enantiomer was achieved in one pot in a sequential cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Rocha
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Frieda A. Sorgenfrei
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz8010GrazAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology c/oUniversity of Graz8010GrazAustria
| | | | - Michael Fuchs
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz8010GrazAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz8010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealthUniversity of Graz8010GrazAustria
- BioTechMed Graz8010GrazAustria
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22
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Hinzmann A, Betke T, Asano Y, Gröger H. Synthetic Processes toward Nitriles without the Use of Cyanide: A Biocatalytic Concept Based on Dehydration of Aldoximes in Water. Chemistry 2021; 27:5313-5321. [PMID: 33112445 PMCID: PMC8049032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While belonging to the most fundamental functional groups, nitriles represent a class of compound that still raises challenges in terms of an efficient, cost‐effective, general and, at the same time, sustainable way for their synthesis. Complementing existing chemical routes, recently a cyanide‐free enzymatic process technology based on the use of an aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) as a biocatalyst component has been developed and successfully applied for the synthesis of a range of nitrile products. In these biotransformations, the Oxd enzymes catalyze the dehydration of aldoximes as readily available substrates to the nitrile products. Herein, these developments with such enzymes are summarized, with a strong focus on synthetic applications. It is demonstrated that this biocatalytic technology has the potential to “cross the bridge” between the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, on one hand, and bulk and commodity chemicals, on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessa Hinzmann
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Betke
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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23
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Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:88-119. [PMID: 32558088 PMCID: PMC7818486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found numerous applications in various fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. The use of enzymes in organic synthesis, especially to make chiral compounds for pharmaceuticals as well for the flavors and fragrance industry, are the most prominent examples. In addition, biocatalysts are used on a large scale to make specialty and even bulk chemicals. This review intends to give illustrative examples in this field with a special focus on scalable chemical production using enzymes. It also discusses the opportunities and limitations of enzymatic syntheses using distinct examples and provides an outlook on emerging enzyme classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchGlobal Discovery Chemistry4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Process Research and DevelopmentMerck & Co., Inc.126 E. Lincoln AveRahwayNJ07065USA
| | - Kai Baldenius
- Baldenius Biotech ConsultingHafenstr. 3168159MannheimGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
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24
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Lopez S, Marchi-Delapierre C, Cavazza C, Ménage S. A Selective Sulfide Oxidation Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Artificial Metalloenzymes Iron@NikA. Chemistry 2020; 26:16633-16638. [PMID: 33079395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Performing a heterogeneous catalysis with proteins is still a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of cross-linked crystals for sulfoxide oxidation by an artificial enzyme. The biohybrid consists of the insertion of an iron complex into a NikA protein crystal. The heterogeneous catalysts displays a better efficiency-with higher reaction kinetics, a better stability and expand the substrate scope compared to its solution counterpart. Designing crystalline artificial enzymes represents a good alternative to soluble or supported enzymes for the future of synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lopez
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, DCM-SeRCO, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Ménage
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
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25
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Cosgrove SC, Thompson MP, Ahmed ST, Parmeggiani F, Turner NJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral N-Arylamines by Combining Biocatalytic Aminations with Buchwald-Hartwig N-Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18156-18160. [PMID: 32628797 PMCID: PMC7590080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The combination of biocatalysis and chemo-catalysis increasingly offers chemists access to more diverse chemical architectures. Here, we describe the combination of a toolbox of chiral-amine-producing biocatalysts with a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, affording a variety of α-chiral aniline derivatives. The use of a surfactant allowed reactions to be performed sequentially in the same flask, preventing the palladium catalyst from being inhibited by the high concentrations of ammonia, salts, or buffers present in the aqueous media in most cases. The methodology was further extended by combining with a dual-enzyme biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing cascade in one pot to allow for the conversion of a racemic alcohol to a chiral aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Cosgrove
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
- Future Biomanufacturing Research HubUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
- Current address: EnginZyme ABTomtebodavägen 6, House A1, Floor 417165SolnaSweden
| | - Syed T. Ahmed
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”Politecnico di MilanoVia Mancinelli 720131MilanoItaly
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
- Future Biomanufacturing Research HubUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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26
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27
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Qian WZ, Ou L, Li CX, Pan J, Xu JH, Chen Q, Zheng GW. Evolution of Glucose Dehydrogenase for Cofactor Regeneration in Bioredox Processes with Denaturing Agents. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2680-2688. [PMID: 32324965 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) is a general tool for driving nicotinamide (NAD(P)H) regeneration in synthetic biochemistry. An increasing number of synthetic bioreactions are carried out in media containing high amounts of organic cosolvents or hydrophobic substrates/products, which often denature native enzymes, including those for cofactor regeneration. In this work, we attempted to improve the chemical stability of Bacillus megaterium GDH (BmGDHM0 ) in the presence of large amounts of 1-phenylethanol by directed evolution. Among the resulting mutants, BmGDHM6 (Q252L/E170K/S100P/K166R/V72I/K137R) exhibited a 9.2-fold increase in tolerance against 10 % (v/v) 1-phenylethanol. Moreover, BmGDHM6 was also more stable than BmGDHM0 when exposed to hydrophobic and enzyme-inactivating compounds such as acetophenone, ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate, and ethyl (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrate. Coupled with a Candida glabrata carbonyl reductase, BmGDHM6 was successfully used for the asymmetric reduction of deactivating ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate with total turnover number of 1800 for the nicotinamide cofactor, thus making it attractive for commercial application. Overall, the evolution of chemically robust GDH facilitates its wider use as a general tool for NAD(P)H regeneration in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhuo Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ling Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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28
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Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biokatalyse: Enzymatische Synthese für industrielle Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuke Wu
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Global Discovery Chemistry 4056 Basel Schweiz
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Process Research and Development Merck & Co., Inc. 126 E. Lincoln Ave Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Kai Baldenius
- Baldenius Biotech Consulting Hafenstraße 31 68159 Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
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29
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One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral
N
‐Arylamines by Combining Biocatalytic Aminations with Buchwald–Hartwig
N
‐Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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30
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Maskeri MA, Schrader ML, Scheidt KA. A Sequential Umpolung/Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Strategy for the Synthesis of γ-Lactones. Chemistry 2020; 26:5794-5798. [PMID: 32084294 PMCID: PMC7210063 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Combining biological and small-molecule catalysts under a chemoenzymatic manifold presents a series of significant advantages to the synthetic community. We report herein the successful development of a two-step/single flask synthesis of γ-lactones through the merger of Umpolung catalysis with a ketoreductase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution, reduction, and cyclization. This combined approach delivers highly enantio- and diastereoenriched heterocycles and demonstrates the feasibility of integrating NHC catalysis with enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Maskeri
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug, Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Malte L. Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug, Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug, Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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31
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. Die zentrale Rolle der Methodenentwicklung in der gerichteten Evolution selektiver Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 Philipps-Universität 35032 Marburg Deutschland
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32
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Qu G, Li A, Acevedo‐Rocha CG, Sun Z, Reetz MT. The Crucial Role of Methodology Development in Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13204-13231. [PMID: 31267627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Aitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Hubei University 368 Youyi Road Wuchang Wuhan 430062 China
| | | | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Manfred T. Reetz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 Philipps-University 35032 Marburg Germany
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33
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Taday F, Ryan J, Argent SP, Caprio V, Maciá B, O'Reilly E. Asymmetric Construction of Alkaloids by Employing a Key ω-Transaminase Cascade. Chemistry 2020; 26:3729-3732. [PMID: 32022300 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An ω-transaminase-triggered intramolecular aza-Michael reaction has been employed for the preparation of cyclic β-enaminones in good yield and excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity, starting from easily accessible prochiral ketoynones and commercially available enzymes. The powerful thermodynamic driving force associated with the spontaneous aza-Michael reaction effectively displaces the transaminase reaction equilibrium towards product formation, using only two equivalents of isopropylamine. To demonstrate the potential of this methodology, this biocatalytic aza-Michael step was combined with annulation chemistry, affording unique stereo-defined fused alkaloid architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Taday
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Ryan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,current address: School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,current address: School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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34
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Albarrán-Velo J, Lavandera I, Gotor-Fernández V. Sequential Two-Step Stereoselective Amination of Allylic Alcohols through the Combination of Laccases and Amine Transaminases. Chembiochem 2019; 21:200-211. [PMID: 31513330 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A sequential two-step chemoenzymatic methodology for the stereoselective synthesis of (3E)-4-(het)arylbut-3-en-2-amines in a highly selective manner and under mild reaction conditions is described. The approach consists of oxidation of the corresponding racemic alcohol precursors by the use of a catalytic system made up of the laccase from Trametes versicolor and the oxy-radical TEMPO, followed by the asymmetric reductive bio-transamination of the corresponding ketone intermediates. Optimisation of the oxidation reaction, exhaustive amine transaminase screening for the bio-transaminations and the compatibility of the two enzymatic reactions were studied in depth in search of a design of a compatible sequential cascade. This synthetic strategy was successful and the combinations of enzymes displayed a broad substrate scope, with 16 chiral amines being obtained in moderate to good isolated yields (29-75 %) and with excellent enantiomeric excess values (94 to >99 %). Interestingly, both amine enantiomers can be achieved, depending on the selectivity of the amine transaminase employed in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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35
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Cairns R, Gomm A, Peel C, Sharkey M, O'Reilly E. A Comprehensive Quantitative Assay for Amine Transaminases. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cairns
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrew Gomm
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Christopher Peel
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Michael Sharkey
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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36
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Eastman H, Ryan J, Maciá B, Caprio V, O'Reilly E. Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Triggered Oxa‐Michael Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Eastman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - James Ryan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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37
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Fang J, Hait D, Head‐Gordon M, Chang MCY. Chemoenzymatic Platform for Synthesis of Chiral Organofluorines Based on Type II Aldolases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Martin Head‐Gordon
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Michelle C. Y. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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38
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Fang J, Hait D, Head-Gordon M, Chang MCY. Chemoenzymatic Platform for Synthesis of Chiral Organofluorines Based on Type II Aldolases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11841-11845. [PMID: 31240790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldolases are C-C bond forming enzymes that have become prominent tools for sustainable synthesis of complex synthons. However, enzymatic methods of fluorine incorporation into such compounds are lacking due to the rarity of fluorine in nature. Recently, the use of fluoropyruvate as a non-native aldolase substrate has arisen as a solution. Here, we report that the type II HpcH aldolases efficiently catalyze fluoropyruvate addition to diverse aldehydes, with exclusive (3S)-selectivity at fluorine that is rationalized by DFT calculations on a mechanistic model. We also measure the kinetic parameters of aldol addition and demonstrate engineering of the hydroxyl group stereoselectivity. Our aldolase collection is then employed in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel fluoroacids and ester derivatives in high stereopurity (d.r. 80-98 %). The compounds made available by this method serve as precursors to fluorinated analogs of sugars, amino acids, and other valuable chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Michelle C Y Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Laurence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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39
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Stamm A, Biundo A, Schmidt B, Brücher J, Lundmark S, Olsén P, Fogelström L, Malmström E, Bornscheuer UT, Syrén P. A Retro-biosynthesis-Based Route to Generate Pinene-Derived Polyesters. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1664-1671. [PMID: 30793830 PMCID: PMC6618282 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significantly increased production of biobased polymers is a prerequisite to replace petroleum-based materials towards reaching a circular bioeconomy. However, many renewable building blocks from wood and other plant material are not directly amenable for polymerization, due to their inert backbones and/or lack of functional group compatibility with the desired polymerization type. Based on a retro-biosynthetic analysis of polyesters, a chemoenzymatic route from (-)-α-pinene towards a verbanone-based lactone, which is further used in ring-opening polymerization, is presented. Generated pinene-derived polyesters showed elevated degradation and glass transition temperatures, compared with poly(ϵ-decalactone), which lacks a ring structure in its backbone. Semirational enzyme engineering of the cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus enabled the biosynthesis of the key lactone intermediate for the targeted polyester. As a proof of principle, one enzyme variant identified from screening in a microtiter plate was used in biocatalytic upscaling, which afforded the bicyclic lactone in 39 % conversion in shake flask scale reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Stamm
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | - Antonino Biundo
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Schmidt
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
| | | | - Stefan Lundmark
- Perstorp AB, InnovationPerstorp Industrial Park284 80PerstorpSweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Linda Fogelström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisInstitute of BiochemistryUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Per‐Olof Syrén
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and HealthTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
- KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyScience for Life LaboratorySchool of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health, Division of Protein TechnologyTomtebodavägen 23Box 1031171 21 SolnaStockholmSweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterTeknikringen 56–58100 44StockholmSweden
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40
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Sandoval BA, Kurtoic SI, Chung MM, Biegasiewicz KF, Hyster TK. Photoenzymatic Catalysis Enables Radical-Mediated Ketone Reduction in Ene-Reductases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8714-8718. [PMID: 30951226 PMCID: PMC6570536 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent ene-reductases (EREDs) are known to stereoselectively reduce activated alkenes, but are inactive toward carbonyls. Demonstrated here is that in the presence of photoredox catalysts, these enzymes will reduce aromatic ketones. Mechanistic experiments suggest this reaction proceeds through ketyl radical formation, a reaction pathway that is distinct from the native hydride-transfer mechanism. Furthermore, this reactivity is accessible without modification of either the enzyme or cofactors, allowing both native and non-natural mechanisms to occur simultaneously. Based on control experiments, we hypothesize that binding to the enzyme active site attenuates the reduction potential of the substrate, enabling single-electron reduction. This reactivity highlights opportunities to access new catalytic manifolds by merging photoredox catalysis with biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braddock A Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sarah I Kurtoic
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Megan M Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kyle F Biegasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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41
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Sandoval BA, Kurtoic SI, Chung MM, Biegasiewicz KF, Hyster TK. Photoenzymatic Catalysis Enables Radical‐Mediated Ketone Reduction in Ene‐Reductases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Braddock A. Sandoval
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton UniversityFrick Chemical Laboratory Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Sarah I. Kurtoic
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton UniversityFrick Chemical Laboratory Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Megan M. Chung
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton UniversityFrick Chemical Laboratory Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Kyle F. Biegasiewicz
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton UniversityFrick Chemical Laboratory Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton UniversityFrick Chemical Laboratory Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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42
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Foley AM, Maguire AR. The Impact of Recent Developments in Technologies which Enable the Increased Use of Biocatalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M. Foley
- School of Chemistry; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry & School of Pharmacy; Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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43
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Lazzarotto M, Hammerer L, Hetmann M, Borg A, Schmermund L, Steiner L, Hartmann P, Belaj F, Kroutil W, Gruber K, Fuchs M. Chemoenzymatische Totalsynthese von Deoxy‐,
epi
‐ und Podophyllotoxin sowie biokatalytische kinetische Racematspaltung von Dibenzylbutyrolactonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lazzarotto
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Lucas Hammerer
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology c/o Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Graz Österreich
| | - Michael Hetmann
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Humboldtstraße 50/III 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Annika Borg
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Peter Hartmann
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Schubertstraße 1/III 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institut für Molekulare Biowissenschaften Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Humboldtstraße 50/III 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Institut für Chemie Organische und Bioorganische Chemie Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Österreich
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44
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Lazzarotto M, Hammerer L, Hetmann M, Borg A, Schmermund L, Steiner L, Hartmann P, Belaj F, Kroutil W, Gruber K, Fuchs M. Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Deoxy-, epi-, and Podophyllotoxin and a Biocatalytic Kinetic Resolution of Dibenzylbutyrolactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8226-8230. [PMID: 30920120 PMCID: PMC6563474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is probably the most prominent representative of lignan natural products. Deoxy‐, epi‐, and podophyllotoxin, which are all precursors to frequently used chemotherapeutic agents, were prepared by a stereodivergent biotransformation and a biocatalytic kinetic resolution of the corresponding dibenzylbutyrolactones with the same 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase. The reaction can be conducted on 2 g scale, and the enzyme allows tailoring of the initial, “natural” structure and thus transforms various non‐natural derivatives. Depending on the substitution pattern, the enzyme performs an oxidative C−C bond formation by C−H activation or hydroxylation at the benzylic position prone to ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lazzarotto
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lucas Hammerer
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, c/o University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hetmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Annika Borg
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lorenz Steiner
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hartmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50/III, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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45
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Fessner ND. P450 Monooxygenases Enable Rapid Late-Stage Diversification of Natural Products via C-H Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2019; 11:2226-2242. [PMID: 31423290 PMCID: PMC6686969 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The biological potency of natural products has been exploited for decades. Their inherent structural complexity and natural diversity might hold the key to efficiently address the urgent need for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. At the same time, it is that very complexity, which impedes necessary chemical modifications such as structural diversification, to improve the effectiveness of the drug. For this purpose, Cytochrome P450 enzymes, which possess unique abilities to activate inert sp3-hybridised C-H bonds in a late-stage fashion, offer an attractive synthetic tool. In this review the potential of cytochrome P450 enzymes in chemoenzymatic lead diversification is illustrated discussing studies reporting late-stage functionalisations of natural products and other high-value compounds. These enzymes were proven to extend the synthetic toolbox significantly by adding to the flexibility and efficacy of synthetic strategies of natural product chemists, and scientists of other related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyGraz University of Technology, NAWI GrazPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
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46
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Peris E, Porcar R, García-Álvarez J, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. Divergent Multistep Continuous Synthetic Transformations of Allylic Alcohol Enabled by Catalysts Immobilized in Ionic Liquid Phases. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1684-1691. [PMID: 30803157 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two individual catalytic platforms (metal- and organo-catalyzed) based on the use of an ionic liquid phase were successfully integrated for the synthesis of α-cyano-amine and cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers from allylic alcohol. The right combination of continuous flow processes enabled access to the divergent preparation of two alternative and interesting intermediate compounds from the same starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" (Unidad asociada al CSIC), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago V Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
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47
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Ressmann AK, Schwendenwein D, Leonhartsberger S, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Winkler M, Rudroff F. Substrate‐Independent High‐Throughput Assay for the Quantification of Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Ressmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Simon Leonhartsberger
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald University Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | | | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 1060 Vienna Austria
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48
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Peris E, Porcar R, Burguete MI, García‐Verdugo E, Luis SV. Supported Ionic Liquid‐Like Phases (SILLPs) as Immobilised Catalysts for the Multistep and Multicatalytic Continuous Flow Synthesis of Chiral Cyanohydrins. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Peris
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - María Isabel Burguete
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Eduardo García‐Verdugo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistrySupramolecular and Sustainable Chemistry GroupUniversitat Jaume I Avda Sos Baynat s/n 12071- Castellon Spain
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49
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Xu J, Green AP, Turner NJ. Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Pyrazines and Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Anthony P. Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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50
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Abstract
Herein we report the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted pyrazines and pyrroles using a transaminase (ATA) to mediate the key amination step of the ketone precursors. Treatment of α-diketones with ATA-113 in the presence of a suitable amine donor yielded the corresponding α-amino ketones which underwent oxidative dimerization to the pyrazines. Selective amination of α-diketones in the presence of β-keto esters afforded substituted pyrroles in a biocatalytic equivalent of the classical Knorr pyrrole synthesis. Finally we have shown that pyrroles can be prepared by internal amine transfer catalyzed by a transaminase in which no external amine donor is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Anthony P. Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
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