1
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Bao M, Zhou Y, Yuan H, Dong G, Li C, Xie X, Chen K, Hong K, Yu ZX, Xu X. Catalytic (4+2) Annulation via Regio- and Enantioselective Interception of in-situ Generated Alkylgold Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401557. [PMID: 38775225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A regio- and stereoselective stepwise (4+2) annulation of N-propargylamides and α,β-unsaturated imines/ketones has been accomplished with synergetic catalysis by a combination of a gold-complex and a chiral quinine-derived squaramide (QN-SQA), leading to highly functionalized chiral tetrahydropyridines/dihydropyrans in good to high yields with generally excellent enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations indicate that the in situ formed alkylgold species is the key intermediate in this transformation, and the amide group served as a traceless directing group in this highly selective transformation. This method complements the enantioselective (4+2) annulation of allene reagents, providing the formal internal C-C π-bond cycloaddition products, which is challenging and remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haoxuan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guizhi Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiongda Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
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2
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Remmerswaal WA, de Jong T, van de Vrande KNA, Louwersheimer R, Verwaal T, Filippov DV, Codée JDC, Hansen T. Backside versus Frontside S N2 Reactions of Alkyl Triflates and Alcohols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400590. [PMID: 38385647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitution reactions are elementary reactions in organic chemistry that are used in many synthetic routes. By quantum chemical methods, we have investigated the intrinsic competition between the backside SN2 (SN2-b) and frontside SN2 (SN2-f) pathways using a set of simple alkyl triflates as the electrophile in combination with a systematic series of phenols and partially fluorinated ethanol nucleophiles. It is revealed how and why the well-established mechanistic preference for the SN2-b pathway slowly erodes and can even be overruled by the unusual SN2-f substitution mechanism going from strong to weak alcohol nucleophiles. Activation strain analyses disclose that the SN2-b pathway is favored for strong alcohol nucleophiles because of the well-known intrinsically more efficient approach to the electrophile resulting in a more stabilizing nucleophile-electrophile interaction. In contrast, the preference of weaker alcohol nucleophiles shifts to the SN2-f pathway, benefiting from a stabilizing hydrogen bond interaction between the incoming alcohol and the leaving group. This hydrogen bond interaction is strengthened by the increased acidity of the weaker alcohol nucleophiles, thereby steering the mechanistic preference toward the frontside SN2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Koen N A van de Vrande
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Rick Louwersheimer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Verwaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The, Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The, Netherlands
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3
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Hansen T, Vermeeren P, Zijderveld KWJ, Bickelhaupt FM, Hamlin TA. S N 2 versus E2 Competition of Cyclic Ethers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301308. [PMID: 37338310 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied the influence of ring strain on the competition between the two mechanistically different SN 2 and E2 pathways using a series of archetypal ethers as substrate in combination with a diverse set of Lewis bases (F- , Cl- , Br- , HO- , H3 CO- , HS- , H3 CS- ), using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-OLYP/QZ4P. The ring strain in the substrate is systematically increased on going from a model acyclic ether to a 6- to 5- to 4- to 3-membered ether ring. We have found that the activation energy of the SN 2 pathway sharply decreases when the ring strain of the system is increased, thus on going from large to small cyclic ethers, the SN 2 reactivity increases. In contrast, the activation energy of the E2 pathway generally rises along this same series, that is, from large to small cyclic ethers. The opposing reactivity trends induce a mechanistic switch in the preferred reaction pathway for strong Lewis bases from E2, for large cyclic substrates, to SN 2, for small cyclic substrates. Weak Lewis bases are unable to overcome the higher intrinsic distortivity of the E2 pathway and, therefore, always favor the less distortive SN 2 reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - Kim W J Zijderveld
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
| | - F Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen (The, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam (The, Netherlands
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4
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Lamhauge JN, McLeod DA, Barløse CL, Oliver GA, Viborg L, Warburg T, Anker Jørgensen K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropane Scaffolds by an Organocatalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3-Oxidopyridinium Betaines and Dienamines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301830. [PMID: 37318111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids constitute a compound-class which is structurally defined by a central 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. A diverse bioactivity profile combined with an unusual aza-bridged bicyclic framework has made tropanes molecules-of-interest within organic chemistry. Enantioselective examples of (5+2) cycloadditions between 3-oxidopyridinium betaines and olefins remain unexplored, despite 3-oxidopyridinium betaines being useful reagents in organic synthesis. The first asymmetric (5+2) cycloaddition of 3-oxidopyridinium betaines is reported, affording tropane derivatives in up to quantitative yield and with excellent control of peri-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The reactivity is enabled by dienamine-activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes combined with in situ formation of the pyridinium reaction-partner. A simple N-deprotection protocol allows for liberation of the tropane alkaloid motif, and synthetic elaborations of the cycloadducts demonstrate their synthetic utility to achieve highly diastereoselective modification around the bicyclic framework. DFT computations suggest a stepwise mechanism where regio- and stereoselectivity are defined during the first bond-forming step in which the pyridinium dipole exerts critical conformational control over its dienamine partner. In the second bond-forming step, a kinetic preference toward an initial (5+4) cycloadduct was identified; however, a lack of catalyst turn-over, reversibility, and thermodynamic bias favoring a (5+2) cycloadduct rendered the reaction fully periselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Lamhauge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David A McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Casper L Barløse
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Viborg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Warburg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Houszka N, Mikula H, Svatunek D. Substituent Effects in Bioorthogonal Diels-Alder Reactions of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300345. [PMID: 36853623 PMCID: PMC10946812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2,4,5-Tetrazines are increasingly used as reactants in bioorthogonal chemistry due to their high reactivity in Diels-Alder reactions with various dienophiles. Substituents in the 3- and 6-positions of the tetrazine scaffold are known to have a significant impact on the rate of cycloadditions; this is commonly explained on the basis of frontier molecular orbital theory. In contrast, we show that reactivity differences between commonly used classes of tetrazines are not controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that mono-substituted tetrazines show high reactivity due to decreased Pauli repulsion, which leads to a more asynchronous approach associated with reduced distortion energy. This follows the recent Vermeeren-Hamlin-Bickelhaupt model of reactivity increase in asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions. In addition, we reveal that ethylene is not a good model compound for other alkenes in Diels-Alder reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Houszka
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Hannes Mikula
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU WienGetreidemarkt 91060ViennaAustria
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6
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Ou Y, Ye Q, Deng W, Xu Z. Mechanism and Origin of CuH‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydrocarboxylation of Allenes. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ru Ou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Qi Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201400 P. R. China
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7
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Wong WHM, Guo X, Chan HT, Yang T, Lin Z. Understanding the Organometallic Step: SO 2 Insertion into Bi(III)-C(Ph) Bond. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201218. [PMID: 36639231 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavier main-group element-catalyzed reactions provide an increasingly attractive tool to perform transformations mimicking the behaviors of transition metal catalysts. Recently, Magre and Cornella reported a Bi-catalyzed synthesis of aryl sulfonyl fluorides, which involves a fundamental organometallic step of SO2 insertion into the Bi-Ph bond. Our theoretical studies reveal that i) the ability of hypervalent coordination of the Bi(III) center allows facile coordination sphere expansion for the SO2 coordination via one oxygen atom; and ii) the high polarity of the Bi-Ph bond makes the Ph migration from the Bi(III) center feasible. These features enable the heavier main group element to resemble the transition metal having flexibility for ligand association and dissociation. Furthermore, iii) the available π electron pair of the migrating Ph group stabilizes the SO2 insertion transition state by maintaining interaction with the Bi(III) center during migration. The insight helps us better understand the heavier main-group catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Hei Marco Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hok Tsun Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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8
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Xu F, Zhu J. Probing a General Strategy to Break the C-C Bond of Benzene by a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Aluminyl Anion. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203216. [PMID: 36349746 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative addition of C-C bonds in aromatic hydrocarbons by low valent main group species has attracted considerable attention from both theoretical and experimental chemists due to the big challenge in breaking their aromaticity. Herein, a general strategy to break the C-C bonds in benzene by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)aluminyl anion is demonstrated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results suggest that the activation of the C-C bond of benzene by this anion is both kinetically and thermodynamically unfavorable whereas introducing electron-withdrawing groups makes such C-C bond activation becomes favorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. Such a sharp change on the kinetics and thermodynamics could be rationalized by the frontier molecular orbital theory by decreasing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the mono- and disubstituted benzenes. Aromaticity is found to stabilize the transition state for the ring open step. All these findings can help develop the chemistry of small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang GY, Lin M, Yu ZX. Computational Study of Mechanisms and Tether Length Effects of Rh-Catalyzed [3+2] and [3+2+1] Reactions of Ene/Yne-Vinylcyclopropanes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300032. [PMID: 36744303 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations have been applied to study the mechanisms of [3+2] and [3+2+1] reactions of ene/yne-vinylcyclopropanes (shorted as ene/yne-VCPs). The [3+2] reactions of ene/yne-VCPs start from C-C cleavage of cyclopropane (CP cleavage) to form six-membered rhodacycle, followed by alkene/alkyne insertion and reductive elimination. The [3+2+1] reactions have two competing pathways, one is the [3+2+1] pathway (CP cleavage, ene/yne insertion, CO insertion and reductive elimination) and the other is the [3+1+2] pathway (CP cleavage, CO insertion, ene/yne insertion and reductive elimination). The length of tether in substrates affects the ene/yne insertion steps in these cycloadditions, making some reactions fail or changing the reaction pathways. The reasons for these tether length effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mu Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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10
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Moloto BP, Vermeeren P, Tiezza MD, Bouwens T, Esterhuysen C, Hamlin TA, Bickelhaupt FM. Palladium-catalyzed activation of H nA–AH n bonds (AH n = CH 3, NH 2, OH, F). PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied activation of HnA–AHn bonds (AHn = CH3, NH2, OH, F) by PdLn catalysts with Ln = no ligand, PH3, (PH3)2, using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-BLYP/TZ2P. The activation energy associated with the oxidative addition step decreases from H3C–CH3 to H2N–NH2 to HO–OH to F–F, where the activation of the F–F bond is barrierless. Activation strain and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal that the enhanced reactivity along this series of substrates originates from a combination of (i) reduced activation strain due to a weaker HnA–AHn bond; (ii) decreased Pauli repulsion as a result of a difference in steric shielding of the HnA–AHn bond; and (iii) enhanced backbonding interaction between the occupied 4d atomic orbitals of the palladium catalyst and σ* acceptor orbital of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phuti Moloto
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , Stellenbosch , 7602 , South Africa
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Tessel Bouwens
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - Catharine Esterhuysen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland , Stellenbosch , 7602 , South Africa
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands , URL:
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park , Johannesburg 2006 , South Africa
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11
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Deng WH, Liao RZ. Sequential C-H Methylation Catalyzed by the B 12 -Dependent SAM Enzyme TokK: Comprehensive Theoretical Study of Selectivities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202995. [PMID: 36321632 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TokK is a B12 -dependent radical SAM enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the β-lactam antibiotic asparenomycin A. It can catalyze three methylations on different sp3 -hybridized carbon positions to introduce an isopropyl side chain at the β-lactam ring of pantetheinylated carbapenem. Herein, we report a quantum chemical study of the reaction mechanism of TokK. A stepwise ''push-pull'' radical relay mechanism is proposed for each methylation: a 5'-deoxyadenosine radical first abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrate in the active site, then methylcobalamin directionally donates a methyl group to the substrate. More importantly, calculations were able to uncover the origin of observed chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity for the first methylation and regioselectivity for the following two methylations. Further detailed distortion/interaction analysis can help to unravel the main factors controlling the selectivities. Our findings of sequential methylations by TokK could have profound implications for studying other B12 -dependent radical SAM enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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12
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Portela S, Fernández I. η 6 -Metalated Aryl Iodides in Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reactions: Mode of Activation and Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201214. [PMID: 36515097 PMCID: PMC10108214 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The potential application of η6 -metalated aryl iodides as organocatalyst has been explored by means of computational methods. It is found that the enhanced halogen bonding donor ability of these species, in comparison with their demetalated counterparts, translates into a significant acceleration of the Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction involving cyclohexadiene and methyl vinyl ketone. The factors behind this acceleration, the endo-exo selectivity of the process and the influence of the nature of the transition metal fragment in the activity of these species are quantitatively explored in detail by means of the combination of the Activation Strain Model of reaction and the Energy Decomposition Analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Portela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Yu S, Tiekink EH, Vermeeren P, Bickelhaupt FM, Hamlin TA. How Bases Catalyze Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203121. [PMID: 36330879 PMCID: PMC10108159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically studied the base-catalyzed Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone and N-methylmaleimide using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The uncatalyzed reaction is slow and is preceded by the extrusion of CO2 via a retro-DA reaction. Base catalysis, for example, by triethylamine, lowers the reaction barrier up to 10 kcal mol-1 , causing the reaction to proceed smoothly at low temperature, which quenches the expulsion of CO2 , yielding efficient access to polyoxygenated natural compounds. Our activation strain analyses reveal that the base accelerates the DA reaction via two distinct electronic mechanisms: i) by the HOMO-raising effect, which enhances the normal electron demand orbital interaction; and ii) by donating charge into 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone which accumulates in its reactive region and promotes strongly stabilizing secondary electrostatic interactions with N-methylmaleimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yu
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - Eveline H. Tiekink
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgAuckland ParkJohannesburg2006South Africa
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam(TheNetherlands
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14
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Widening the Landscape of Small Molecule Activation with Gold-Aluminyl Complexes: A Systematic Study of E-H (E=O, N) Bonds, SO 2 and N 2 O Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203584. [PMID: 36660925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The electronic features of gold-aluminyl complexes have been thoroughly explored. Their similarity with Group 14 dimetallenes and other metal-aluminyl complexes suggests that their reactivity with small molecules beyond carbon dioxide could be accessed. In this work, the reactivity of the [t Bu3 PAuAl(NON)] (NON=4,5-bis(2,6 diisopropylanilido)-2,7-ditert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene) complex towards water, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide is computationally explored. The reaction mechanisms computed for each substrate strongly suggest that all activation processes are in principle experimentally feasible. Electronic structure analysis highlights that, in all cases, the reactivity is driven by the presence of the poorly polarized electron-sharing gold-aluminyl bond, which induces a radical-like reactivity of the complex towards all the substrates. A flat topology of the potential energy surface (PES) has been found for the reaction with N2 O, where two almost isoenergetic transition states can be located along the same reaction coordinate with different geometries, suggesting that the N2 O binding mode may not be a good indicator of the nature of N2 O activation in a cooperative bimetallic reactivity. In addition, the catalytic potentialities of these complexes have been explored in the framework of nitrous oxide reduction. The study reveals that the [t Bu3 PAuAl(NON)] complex might be an efficient catalyst towards oxidation of phosphines (and boranes) via N2 O reduction. These findings underline recurring trends in the novel chemistry of gold-aluminyl complexes and call for experimental feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Robidas R, Reinhard DL, Huber SM, Legault CY. A Quantum-chemical Analysis on the Lewis Acidity of Diarylhalonium Ions. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200634. [PMID: 36043491 PMCID: PMC10092059 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic diaryliodonium compounds like iodolium derivatives have increasingly found use as noncovalent Lewis acids in the last years. They are more stable toward nucleophilic substitution than acyclic systems and are markedly more Lewis acidic. Herein, this higher Lewis acidity is analyzed and explained via quantum-chemical calculations and energy decomposition analyses. Its key origin is the change in energy levels and hybridization of iodine's orbitals, leading to both more favorable electrostatic interaction and better charge transfer. Both of the latter seem to contribute in similar fashion, while hydrogen bonding as well as steric repulsion with the phenyl rings play at best a minor role. In comparison to iodolium, bromolium and chlorolium are less Lewis acidic the lighter the halogen, which is predominantly based on less favorable charge-transfer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Robidas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominik L Reinhard
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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16
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Dong S, Zhu J. Predicting Small Molecule Activation including Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dinitrogen Promoted by a Dual Lewis Acid. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200991. [PMID: 36353939 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, N2 activation and functionalization have required the use of transition metal complexes. Thus, it is one of the most challenging projects to activate the abundant dinitrogen through metal-free systems under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study on the catalytic hydrogenation of dinitrogen (with activation energy as low as 15.3 kcal mol-1 ) initiated by a dual Lewis acid (DLA) via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, such a DLA could be also used to activate a series of small molecules including carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, N-ethylenemethylamine, and acetonitrile. It is found that aromaticity plays an important role in stabilizing intermediates and products. Our findings provide an alternative approach to N2 activation and functionalization, highlighting a great potential of DLA for small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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17
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Yang X, Wei L, Wu Y, Zhou L, Zhang X, Chi YR. Atroposelective Access to 1,3-Oxazepine-Containing Bridged Biaryls via Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211977. [PMID: 36087019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We disclose herein an atroposelective synthesis of novel bridged biaryls containing medium-sized rings via N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. The reaction starts with addition of the carbene catalyst to the aminophenol-derived aldimine substrate. Subsequent oxidation and intramolecular desymmetrization lead to the formation of 1,3-oxazepine-containing bridged biaryls in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. These novel bridged biaryl products can be readily transformed into chiral phosphite ligands. Preliminary density function theory calculations suggest that the origin of enantioselectivity arises from the more favorable frontier molecular orbital interactions in the transition state leading to the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Yuelin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Mathematical Science, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
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18
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Parker GL, Van Lommel R, Roig N, Alonso M, Chaplin AB. Modulation of Metal Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies in the Second Coordination Sphere through the Internal Stark Effect. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202283. [PMID: 36082961 PMCID: PMC10092048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and computational examination of a homologous series of rhodium(I) pybox carbonyl complexes has revealed a correlation between the conformation of the flanking aryl-substituted oxazoline donors and the carbonyl stretching frequency. This relationship is also observed experimentally for octahedral rhodium(III) and ruthenium(II) variants and cannot be explained through the classical, Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson, interpretation of metal-carbonyl bonding. Instead, these findings are reconciled by local changes in the magnitude of the electric field that is projected along the metal-carbonyl vector: the internal Stark effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L. Parker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCV4 7ALCoventryUK
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)1050BrusselsBelgium
- Molecular Design and SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Nil Roig
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCV4 7ALCoventryUK
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)1050BrusselsBelgium
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCV4 7ALCoventryUK
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19
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Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Greco SG, Trevino R, Karki GB, Arman HD, Larionov OV. Decarboxylative Sulfinylation Enables a Direct, Metal-Free Access to Sulfoxides from Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210525. [PMID: 36006859 PMCID: PMC9588746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate oxidation state of sulfoxides is central to the plethora of their applications in chemistry and medicine, yet it presents challenges for an efficient synthetic access, limiting the structural diversity of currently available sulfoxides. Here, we report a data-guided development of direct decarboxylative sulfinylation that enables the previously inaccessible functional group interconversion of carboxylic acids to sulfoxides in a reaction with sulfinates. Given the broad availability of carboxylic acids and the growing synthetic potential of sulfinates, the direct decarboxylative sulfinylation is poised to improve the structural diversity of synthetically accessible sulfoxides. The reaction is facilitated by a kinetically favored sulfoxide formation from the intermediate sulfinyl sulfones, despite the strong thermodynamic preference for the sulfone formation, unveiling the previously unknown and chemoselective radicalophilic sulfinyl sulfone reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Graham C Haug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Samuel G Greco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Ramon Trevino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Guna B Karki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Oleg V Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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20
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Gao S, Duan M, Andreola LR, Yu P, Wheeler SE, Houk KN, Chen M. Unusual Enantiodivergence in Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation with β‐Alkenyl Allylic Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208908. [PMID: 35989224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a rare example of enantiodivergent aldehyde addition with β-alkenyl allylic boronates via chiral Brønsted acid catalysis. 2,6-Di-9-anthracenyl-substituted chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric allylation using β-vinyl substituted allylic boronate gave alcohols with R absolute configuration. The sense of asymmetric induction of the catalyst in these reactions is opposite to those in prior reports. Moreover, in the presence of the same acid catalyst, the reactions with β-2-propenyl substituted allylic boronate generated homoallylic alcohol products with S absolute configuration. Unusual substrate-catalyst C-H⋅⋅⋅π interactions in the favoured reaction transition state were identified as the origins of observed enantiodivergence through DFT computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Meng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | | | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | | | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
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21
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Rkein B, Manneveau M, Gérard H, Legros J, Chataigner I. 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Cyanoheteroarenes with non‐stabilized Azomethine Ylides : C≡N
vs
Aromatic C=C Reactivity. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Rkein
- Normandie Université UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory F-76000 Rouen France
| | - Maxime Manneveau
- Normandie Université UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory F-76000 Rouen France
| | - Hélène Gérard
- CNRS Sorbonne Université LCT UMR 7616 F-75005 Paris France
| | - Julien Legros
- Normandie Université UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory F-76000 Rouen France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Normandie Université UNIROUEN, CNRS, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory F-76000 Rouen France
- CNRS Sorbonne Université LCT UMR 7616 F-75005 Paris France
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22
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Xu Q, Hoye TR. Electronic Character of α,3-Dehydrotoluene Intermediates Generated from Isolable Allenyne-Containing Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207510. [PMID: 35965409 PMCID: PMC9529817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the generation of α,3-dehydrotoluenes, a relatively rare subset of reactive intermediates of the dehydroaromatic family, from isolable allenynes. The substructure motif in the allenyne substrates is distinct from, and complementary to, those found in Myers-Saito/Schmittel-type cycloisomerizations. The reactions reported here give rise to product profiles that provide insight about the electronic nature (i.e., diradical vs. zwitterion vs. cyclic allene) of the particular isomeric DHT(s) that is(are) produced under different reaction conditions differing most significantly in the polarity of the reaction solvent. One example also revealed previously unobserved carbene-like reactivity of the DHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Minnesota207 Pleasant St., SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Minnesota207 Pleasant St., SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA
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23
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Ghosh B, Harariya MS, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective
de novo
Construction of Chiral Arenes through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [4+2]‐Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204523. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | | | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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24
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Chao Y, Krishna A, Subramaniam M, Liang D, Pujari SP, Sue AC, Li G, Miloserdov FM, Zuilhof H. Sulfur-Phenolate Exchange: SuFEx-Derived Dynamic Covalent Reactions and Degradation of SuFEx Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207456. [PMID: 35819248 PMCID: PMC9540147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The products of the SuFEx reaction between sulfonimidoyl fluorides and phenols, sulfonimidates, are shown to display dynamic covalent chemistry with other phenols. This reaction was shown to be enantiospecific, finished in minutes at room temperature in high yields, and useful for both asymmetric synthesis and sustainable polymer production. Its wide scope further extends the usefulness of SuFEx and related click chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072China
| | - Akash Krishna
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072China
| | - Muthusamy Subramaniam
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072China
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dong‐Dong Liang
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048China
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Guanna Li
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- Biobased Chemistry and TechnologyWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 96708WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fedor M. Miloserdov
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjin300072China
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen UniversityStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringKing Abdulaziz University21589JeddahSaudi Arabia
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25
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Beutick SE, Vermeeren P, Hamlin TA. The 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: From Conception to Quantum Chemical Design. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200553. [PMID: 35822651 PMCID: PMC9539489 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (1,3-DCA) reaction, conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, has proven immensely useful in organic, material, and biological chemistry. The uncatalyzed, thermal transformation is generally sluggish and unselective, but the reactivity can be enhanced by means of metal catalysis or by the introduction of either predistortion or electronic tuning of the dipolarophile. These promoted reactions generally go with a much higher reactivity, selectivity, and yields, often at ambient temperatures. The rapid orthogonal reactivity and compatibility with aqueous and physiological conditions positions the 1,3-DCA as an excellent bioorthogonal reaction. Quantum chemical calculations have been critical for providing an understanding of the physical factors that control the reactivity and selectivity of 1,3-DCAs. In silico derived design principles have proven invaluable for the design of new dipolarophiles with tailored reactivity. This review discusses everything from the conception of the 1,3-DCA all the way to the state-of-the-art methods and models used for the quantum chemical design of novel (bioorthogonal) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Beutick
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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26
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Xu Q, Hoye TR. Electronic Character of α,3‐Dehydrotoluene Intermediates Generated from Isolable Allenyne‐Containing Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St., SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St., SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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27
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Nguyen VD, Haug GC, Greco SG, Trevino R, Karki GB, Arman HD, Larionov O. Decarboxylative Sulfinylation Enables a Direct, Metal‐Free Access to Sulfoxides from Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viet D. Nguyen
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry 78249 San Antonio UNITED STATES
| | - Graham C. Haug
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Deoartment of Chemistry 1 utsa circle 78249 SAN ANTONIO UNITED STATES
| | - Samuel G. Greco
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ramon Trevino
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Guna B. Karki
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Hadi D. Arman
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Oleg Larionov
- University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Chemistry One UTSA Circle 78249 San Antonio UNITED STATES
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28
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Wang T, Chen X, Zhu D, Chung LW, Xu M. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C−H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207008. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiao‐Xuan Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Dong‐Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ming‐Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences and School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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29
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Gao S, Duan M, Andreola LR, Yu P, Wheeler SE, Houk KN, Chen M. Unusual Enantiodivergence in Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation with β‐Alkenyl Allylic Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Auburn University Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Meng Duan
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Peiyuan Yu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Kendall N. Houk
- University of California Los Angeles Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ming Chen
- Auburn University Chemistry and Biochemistry 179 chemistry building 36849 Auburn UNITED STATES
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30
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Kumar R, Dutta S, Sharma V, Singh PP, Gonnade RG, Koley D, Sen SS. Monomeric Magnesium Catalyzed Alkene and Alkyne Hydroboration. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Praval P. Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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31
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Zhu M, Wang P, Zhang Q, Tang W, Zi W. Diastereodivergent Aldol-Type Coupling of Alkoxyallenes with Pentafluorophenyl Esters Enabled by Synergistic Palladium/Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207621. [PMID: 35713176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a fundamental and synthetically useful C-C bond formation reaction, the aldol reaction is one of the most versatile transformations in organic synthesis. However, despite extensive research on asymmetric versions of the reaction, a unified method for stereoselective access to the complementary syn and anti diastereomeric products remains to be developed. In this study, we developed a synergistic palladium/chiral Lewis base system that overcomes the inherent diastereoselectivity bias of aldol reactions and, as a result, allowed us to achieve the first diastereodivergent coupling reactions of alkoxyallenes with pentafluorophenol esters. Computational studies suggest a mechanism involving an intermolecular protonative hydropalladation pathway rather than a palladium-hydride migratory insertion pathway. The origin of the stereochemistry for this synergistic catalysis system is rationalized by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qinglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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32
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207004. [PMID: 35670364 PMCID: PMC9401604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic synthetic strategy has resulted in a two-step total synthesis of (±)-ulodione A and the prediction of two potential natural products, (±)-ulodiones C and D. This work was guided by computational investigations into the selectivity of a proposed biosynthetic Diels-Alder dimerization, which was then utilized in the chemical synthesis. This work highlights how biosynthetic considerations can both guide the design of efficient synthetic strategies and lead to the anticipation of new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - David J. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Helen E. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
- Current address: Oncology R&DAstraZenecaCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | - Panagiotis G. Kalomenopoulos
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
- Current address: Process ChemistryPharmaronHoddesdonEN11 9FHUK
| | - Rafal Szabla
- Department of Physical and Quantum ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and TechnologyWrocławPoland
| | - Andrew L. Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of Edinburgh Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
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33
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Chao Y, Krishna A, Subramaniam M, Liang D, Pujari SP, Sue AC, Li G, Miloserdov FM, Zuilhof H. Sulfur–Phenolate Exchange: SuFEx‐Derived Dynamic Covalent Reactions and Degradation of SuFEx Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Akash Krishna
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Muthusamy Subramaniam
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Dong‐Dong Liang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Guanna Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology Wageningen University Bornse Weilanden 9 6708WG Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Fedor M. Miloserdov
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry Wageningen University Stippeneng 4 6708WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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34
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Ghosh B, Harariya MS, Mukherjee S. Catalytic Enantioselective de novo Construction of Chiral Arenes through Desymmetrizing Oxidative [4+2]‐Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biki Ghosh
- IISc: Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Road 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| | - Mahesh Singh Harariya
- IISc: Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Road 560012 Bangalore INDIA
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Indian Institute of Science Department of Organic Chemistry C V Raman Avenue 560012 Bangalore INDIA
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35
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Abstract
The catalytic effect of ionization on the Diels-Alder reaction between 1,3-butadiene and acrylaldehyde has been studied using relativistic density functional theory (DFT). Removal of an electron from the dienophile, acrylaldehyde, significantly accelerates the Diels-Alder reaction and shifts the reaction mechanism from concerted asynchronous for the neutral Diels-Alder reaction to stepwise for the radical-cation Diels-Alder reaction. Our detailed activation strain and Kohn-Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal how ionization of the dienophile enhances the Diels-Alder reactivity via two mechanisms: (i) by amplifying the asymmetry in the dienophile's occupied π-orbitals to such an extent that the reaction goes from concerted asynchronous to stepwise and thus with substantially less steric (Pauli) repulsion per reaction step; (ii) by enhancing the stabilizing orbital interactions that result from the ability of the singly occupied molecular orbital of the radical-cation dienophile to engage in an additional three-electron bonding interaction with the highest occupied molecular orbital of the diene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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36
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Hoque ME, Bisht R, Unnikrishnan A, Dey S, Mahamudul Hassan MM, Guria S, Rai RN, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Controlled Remote
para
‐Selective C−H Activation and Borylation of Twisted Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203539. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sayan Dey
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Saikat Guria
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Rama Nand Rai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
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37
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Shimbayashi T, Ito H, Shimizu M, Sano H, Sakaki S, Fujita KI. Effect of Substituents in Functional Bipyridonate Ligands on Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Alcohols: An Experimental and Computational Study. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shimbayashi
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Yoshidanihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Hajime Ito
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Mineyuki Shimizu
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Hayato Sano
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies JAPAN
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Element Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku 615-8245 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Ken-ichi Fujita
- Kyoto University - Yoshida Campus: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
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38
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Moloto BP, Vermeeren P, Dalla Tiezza M, Esterhuysen C, Bickelhaupt FM, Hamlin TA. Palladium‐Catalyzed Activation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds: Electrostatics‐Controlled Reactivity. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam NETHERLANDS
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39
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenperä ASK, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200266. [PMID: 35420220 PMCID: PMC9321721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective Minisci reactions have recently been developed but all instances so far utilize α-amino radical coupling partners. We report a substantial evolution of the enantioselective Minisci reaction that enables α-hydroxy radicals to be used, providing valuable enantioenriched secondary alcohol products. This is achieved through the direct oxidative coupling of two C-H bonds on simple alcohol and pyridine partners through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-driven approach: a challenging process to achieve due to the numerous side reactions that can occur. Our approach is highly regioselective as well as highly enantioselective. Dicumyl peroxide, upon irradiation with 390 nm light, serves as both HAT reagent and oxidant whilst selectivity is controlled by use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. Computational and experimental evidence provide mechanistic insight as to the origin of selectivity, revealing a stereodetermining deprotonation step distinct from the analogous reaction of amide-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avene C. Colgan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Rupert S. J. Proctor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - David C. Gibson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Padon Chuentragool
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Antti S. K. Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robert J. Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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40
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Zhu M, Wang P, Zhang Q, Tang W, Zi W. Diastereodivergent Aldol‐Type Coupling of Alkoxyallenes with Pentafluorophenyl Esters Enabled by Synergistic Palladium/Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Peixin Wang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qinglong Zhang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry 94 Weijin Road 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Chemistry Department of Nankai University 94 Weijin Rd. 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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41
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Xu MH, Wang TY, Chen XX, Zhu DX, Chung LW. Rhodium(I) Carbene‐Promoted Enantioselective C‐H Functionalization of Simple Unprotected Indoles, Pyrroles and Heteroanalogues: New Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Xu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry No. 1088, Xueyuan Road 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| | - Tian-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Xiao-Xuan Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dong-Xing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Drug Research CHINA
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
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42
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Wu X, Zhao C, Xie J. Microsolvated Ion-Molecule SN2 Reactions with Dual Nucleophiles Induced by Solvent Molecules. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200285. [PMID: 35672884 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Singly-hydrated HOO - anion was found to induce alternative nucleophile HO - via proton transfer from water molecule as react with CH 3 Cl recently. To investigate the generality of this effect, the competition between the solvent-induced HO - -S N 2 pathway and the normal HOO - -S N 2 pathway is studied for the microsolvated HOO - (H 2 O) n=1,2,3 + CH 3 X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) reaction by quantum chemistry calculation. Incremental hydration increases the barrier heights of both pathways and enlarges the barrier difference between them, which favors the HOO - -S N 2 pathway. Interestingly, the barrier difference is insensitive to the leaving group. Calculation shows the water induced HO - -S N 2 pathway is highly suppressed as the degree of hydration increases beyond two. The differential barrier under incremental hydration can be explained by solvent molecules stabilizing the HOMO level of HO - (HOOH)(H 2 O) n-1 nucleophile more than that of HOO - (H 2 O) n nucleophile. Comparison between these HO - -nucleophiles and HOO - -nucleophiles suggests that α-effect exists. Activation strain analysis attributes the barrier differences to the stronger distortion of the TS of HO - -S N 2 pathway than the counterparts of HOO - -S N 2 pathway. This work adds our understanding of the role of individual solvent molecules to induce new nucleophiles of the fundamental organic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jing Xie
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, 102488, Beijing, CHINA
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43
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Bestwick JS, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Kalomenopoulos PG, Szabla R, Lawrence AL. Total Synthesis and Prediction of Ulodione Natural Products Guided by DFT Calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. Bestwick
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - David J. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Helen E. Jones
- The University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Rafal Szabla
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology: Politechnika Wroclawska Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry POLAND
| | - Andrew Leslie Lawrence
- University of Edinburgh EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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44
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Chaves-Pouso A, Álvarez-Constantino AM, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Allylboration of Alkynes with Allylic gem-Dichlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117696. [PMID: 35263483 PMCID: PMC9314970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Allylic gem-dichlorides are shown to be efficient substrates for catalytic asymmetric allylboration of alkynes. The method employs a chiral NHC-Cu catalyst capable of generating in a single step chiral skipped dienes bearing a Z-alkenyl chloride, a trisubstituted E-alkenyl boronate and a bis-allylic stereocenter with excellent levels of chemo-, regio- enantio- and diastereoselectivity. This high degree of functionalization makes these products versatile building blocks as illustrated with the synthesis of several optically active compounds. DFT calculations support the key presence of a metal cation bridge ligand-substrate interaction and account for the stereoselectivity outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves-Pouso
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés M Álvarez-Constantino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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45
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Nieuwland C, Fonseca Guerra C. How the Chalcogen Atom Size Dictates the Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Capability of Carboxamides, Thioamides, and Selenoamides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200755. [PMID: 35322485 PMCID: PMC9324920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The amino groups of thio‐ and selenoamides can act as stronger hydrogen‐bond donors than of carboxamides, despite the lower electronegativity of S and Se. This phenomenon has been experimentally explored, particularly in organocatalysis, but a sound electronic explanation is lacking. Our quantum chemical investigations show that the NH2 groups in thio‐ and selenoamides are more positively charged than in carboxamides. This originates from the larger electronic density flow from the nitrogen lone pair of the NH2 group towards the lower‐lying π*C=S and π*C=Se orbitals than to the high‐lying π*C=O orbital. The relative energies of the π* orbitals result from the overlap between the chalcogen np and carbon 2p atomic orbitals, which is set by the carbon‐chalcogen equilibrium distance, a consequence of the Pauli repulsion between the two bonded atoms. Thus, neither the electronegativity nor the often‐suggested polarizability but the steric size of the chalcogen atom determines the amide's hydrogen‐bond donor capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Nieuwland
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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46
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Chen B, Houk KN, Cammi R. High-Pressure Reaction Profiles and Activation Volumes of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Dimerizations Computed by the Extreme Pressure-Polarizable Continuum Model (XP-PCM). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200246. [PMID: 35286727 PMCID: PMC9320931 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations are reported for the thermal dimerizations of 1,3-cyclohexadiene at 1 atm and high pressures up to the GPa range. Computed activation enthalpies of plausible dimerization pathways at 1 atm agree well with the experiment activation energies and the values from previous calculations. High-pressure reaction profiles, computed by the recently developed extreme pressure-polarizable continuum model (XP-PCM), show that the reduction of reaction barrier is more profound in concerted reactions than in stepwise reactions, which is rationalized on the basis of the volume profiles of different mechanisms. A clear shift of the transition state towards the reactant under pressure is revealed for the [6+4]-ene reaction by the calculations. The computed activation volumes by XP-PCM agree excellently with the experimental values, confirming the existence of competing mechanisms in the thermal dimerization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Donostia International Physics CenterPaseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 420018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California90095Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Department of Chemical ScienceLife Science and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaViale Parco Area delle Scienze. 17/a43100ParmaItaly
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47
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Santos IA, de Castro PP, dos Santos HF, Amarante GW. Mechanism and Origin of Enantioselectivity in Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed α‐Thiolation of Azlactones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of Chemistry Louren�o Kelmer, s/nS�o Pedro 36036-900 Juiz de Fora BRAZIL
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48
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Inagaki T, Sakurai S, Yamanaka M, Tobisu M. Palladium-Catalyzed Silylacylation of Allenes Using Acylsilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202387. [PMID: 35263006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a palladium-catalyzed addition of a C-Si bond of acylsilanes across a range of unactivated allenes. The reaction proceeds with complete regioselectivity, in which a silyl group binds to the central carbon of the allene, allowing for the straightforward access to functionalized alkenylsilane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Inagaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Lu S, Zheng T, Ma J, Deng Z, Qin S, Chen Y, Liang Y. para-Selective C-H Borylation of Aromatic Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201285. [PMID: 35253322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic ammonium and phosphonium salts are important synthetic intermediates and multifunctional materials, but para-selective functionalization of the aromatic salts remains a challenge. Here we develop an ionic ligand based on our newly designed "biphenyl-phenanthroline" skeleton and realize the Ir-catalyzed para-selective C-H borylation of seven types of aromatic quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts. Gram-scale transformation, late-stage elaboration for drug molecule, and diversification of borylated products demonstrate the potential utility of this reaction. The mechanistic studies and computational analysis elucidate the origin of para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhangming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shengmeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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50
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Hoque ME, Bisht R, Unnikrishnan A, Dey S, Mahamudul Hassan MM, Guria S, Rai RN, Sunoj RB, Chattopadhyay B. Iridium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Controlled Remote
para
‐Selective C−H Activation and Borylation of Twisted Aromatic Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ranjana Bisht
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Anju Unnikrishnan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Sayan Dey
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Saikat Guria
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
| | - Rama Nand Rai
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014, U.P. India
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