1
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Chai Z. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Strategies for C(sp 3 )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316444. [PMID: 38225893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Activation of ubiquitous C(sp3 )-H bonds is extremely attractive but remains a great challenge. Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers a promising and sustainable approach for C(sp3 )-H activation and has been fast developing in the past decade. This Minireview focuses on mechanism and strategies for heterogeneous photocatalytic C(sp3 )-H activation. After introducing mechanistic insights, heterogeneous photocatalytic strategies for C(sp3 )-H activation including precise design of active sites, regulation of reactive radical species, improving charge separation and reactor innovations are discussed. In addition, recent advances in C(sp3 )-H activation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, amines and amides by heterogeneous photocatalysis are summarized. Lastly, challenges and opportunities are outlined to encourage more efforts for the development of this exciting and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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2
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Woo HK, Gautam AK, Barroso-Martínez JS, Baddorf AP, Zhou K, Choi YY, He J, Mironenko AV, Rodríguez-López J, Cai L. Defect Engineering of WO 3 by Rapid Flame Reduction for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Methane into Liquid Oxygenates. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11493-11500. [PMID: 38061056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion is a promising way to use methane (CH4) as a chemical building block without harsh conditions. However, the PEC conversion of CH4 to value-added chemicals remains challenging due to the thermodynamically favorable overoxidation of CH4. Here, we report WO3 nanotube (NT) photoelectrocatalysts for PEC CH4 conversion with high liquid product selectivity through defect engineering. By tuning the flame reduction treatment, we carefully controlled the oxygen vacancies of WO3 NTs. The optimally reduced WO3 NTs suppressed overoxidation of CH4 showing a high total C1 liquid selectivity of 69.4% and a production rate of 0.174 μmol cm-2 h-1. Scanning electrochemical microscopy revealed that oxygen vacancies can restrain the production of hydroxyl radicals, which, in excess, could further oxidize C1 intermediates to CO2. Additionally, band diagram analysis and computational studies elucidated that oxygen vacancies thermodynamically suppress overoxidation. This work introduces a strategy for understanding and controlling the selectivity of photoelectrocatalysts for direct conversion of CH4 to liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Kun Woo
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ankit Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jaxiry S Barroso-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arthur P Baddorf
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiajun He
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V Mironenko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Pulignani C, Mesa CA, Hillman SAJ, Uekert T, Giménez S, Durrant JR, Reisner E. Rational Design of Carbon Nitride Photoelectrodes with High Activity Toward Organic Oxidations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211587. [PMID: 36224107 PMCID: PMC10099510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CNx ) is a light-absorber with excellent performance in photocatalytic suspension systems, but the activity of CNx photoelectrodes has remained low. Here, cyanamide-functionalized CNx (NCN CNx ) was co-deposited with ITO nanoparticles on a 1.8 Å thick alumina-coated FTO electrode. Transient absorption spectroscopy and impedance measurements support that ITO acts as a conductive binder and improves electron extraction from the NCN CNx , whilst the alumina underlayer reduces recombination losses between the ITO and the FTO glass. The Al2 O3 |ITO : NCN CNx film displays a benchmark performance for CNx -based photoanodes with an onset of -0.4 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and 1.4±0.2 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs RHE during AM1.5G irradiation for the selective oxidation of 4-methylbenzyl alcohol. This assembly strategy will improve the exploration of CNx in fundamental and applied photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pulignani
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Camilo A. Mesa
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I (UJI) 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Castellón Spain
| | - Sam A. J. Hillman
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Taylor Uekert
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I (UJI) 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Castellón Spain
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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4
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Actis A, Melchionna M, Filippini G, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Salvadori E, Chiesa M. Morphology and Light-Dependent Spatial Distribution of Spin Defects in Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210640. [PMID: 36074040 PMCID: PMC9828381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN) is a heterogeneous photocatalyst that combines good structural properties and a broad scope. The photocatalytic efficiency of CN is associated with the presence of defective and radical species. An accurate description of defective states-both at a local and extended level-is key to develop a thorough mechanistic understanding of the photophysics of CN. In turn, this will maximise the generation and usage of photogenerated charge carriers and minimise wasteful charge recombination. Here the influence of morphology and light-excitation on the number and chemical nature of radical defects is assessed. By exploiting the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling, the spatial distribution of native radicals in CN is derived with high precision. From the analysis an average distance in the range 1.99-2.34 nm is determined, which corresponds to pairs of radicals located approximately four tri-s-triazine units apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Actis
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, INSTM UdRUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, INSTM UdRUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, INSTM UdRUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- ICCOM-CNR URTTriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, INSTM UdRUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- ICCOM-CNR URTTriesteItaly
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo Miramon 19420014Donostia San SebastiánSpain
- Basque Fdn Sci Ikerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS CentreUniversity of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria 710125TorinoItaly
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5
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Marchi M, Gentile G, Rosso C, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P, Filippini G, Prato M. The Nickel Age in Synthetic Dual Photocatalysis: A Bright Trip Toward Materials Science. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201094. [PMID: 35789214 PMCID: PMC9804426 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the field of dual photocatalysis has grown rapidly, to become one of the most powerful tools for the functionalization of organic molecules under mild conditions. In particular, the merging of Earth-abundant nickel-based catalytic systems with visible-light-activated photoredox catalysts has allowed the development of a number of unique green synthetic approaches. This goes in the direction of ensuring an effective and sustainable chemical production, while safeguarding human health and environment. Importantly, this relatively new branch of catalysis has inspired an interdisciplinary stream of research that spans from inorganic and organic chemistry to materials science, thus establishing itself as one dominant trend in modern organic synthesis. This Review aims at illustrating the milestones on the timeline evolution of the photocatalytic systems used, with a critical analysis toward novel applications based on the use of photoactive two-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures. Lastly, forward-looking opportunities within this intriguing research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marchi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giuseppe Gentile
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Cristian Rosso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per laScienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)Unit of Triestevia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per laScienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM)Unit of Triestevia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesCENMATCenter of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsINSTM UdR TriesteUniversity of TriesteVia Licio Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE)Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo Miramón 19420014Donostia San SebastiánSpain
- Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque48013BilbaoSpain
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6
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Actis A, Melchionna M, Filippini G, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Salvadori E, Chiesa M. Morphology and Light‐Dependent Spatial Distribution of Spin Defects in Carbon Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Actis
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Michele Melchionna
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ITALY
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ITALY
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ITALY
| | - Maurizio Prato
- University of Trieste: Universita degli Studi di Trieste Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ITALY
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Università degli Studi di Torino Department of Chemistry Via Pietro Giuria, 7 10125 Torino ITALY
| | - Mario Chiesa
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino Department of Chemistry ITALY
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7
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Lin G, Qiu H. Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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8
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Savateev O, Zou Y. Identification of the Structure of Triethanolamine Oxygenation Products in Carbon Nitride Photocatalysis. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200095. [PMID: 35822918 PMCID: PMC9278094 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triethanolamine (TEOA) is one of the most commonly used sacrificial agents in photocatalysis. Due to its more complex structure compared to, for example, ethanol, and its sacrificial role in photocatalysis, it gives a mixture of products. The structures of these molecules are not usually analyzed. Herein, we obtain and isolate the products of TEOA and N-tert-butyl diethanolamine oxygenation under photocatalytic conditions with ≈15 % yield, and followingly characterized them by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The reaction is mediated by potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI) in the presence of O2 and affords formyl esters of β-hydroxyethylene formamides from the corresponding ethanolamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Yajun Zou
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy School of Electrical EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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9
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Xie S, Wang H, Wang Y, Yang Q, Zhu H. Visible‐light‐induced Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1
H
)‐ones with Azoles Using Carbon Nitride. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Qifan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University 211816 Nanjing P. R. China
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10
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Reisner E. An Integrated Carbon Nitride-Nickel Photocatalyst for the Amination of Aryl Halides Using Sodium Azide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203176. [PMID: 35332981 PMCID: PMC9321912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of primary anilines via sustainable methods remains a challenge in organic synthesis. We report a photocatalytic protocol for the selective synthesis of primary anilines via cross-coupling of a wide range of aryl/heteroaryl halides with sodium azide using a photocatalyst powder consisting of nickel(II) deposited on mesoporous carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CNx ). This heterogeneous photocatalyst contains a high surface area with a visible light-absorbing and adaptive "built-in" solid-state ligand for the integrated catalytic Ni site. The method displays a high functional group tolerance, requires mild reaction conditions, and benefits from easy recovery and reuse of the photocatalyst powder. Thereby, it overcomes the need of complex ligand scaffolds required in homogeneous catalysis, precious metals and elevated temperatures/pressures in existing protocols of primary anilines synthesis. The reported heterogeneous Ni-mpg-CNx holds potential for applications in the academic and industrial synthesis of anilines and exploration of other photocatalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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11
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Ni/g‐C3N4 Photocatalysis: Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Reaction Leading to Amidation of Aldehydes with Amines and C‐N, C‐O, and C‐C Cross‐Coupling Reaction. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Liu Y, Guo W. Visible‐Light Driven C‐P Bond Formation with Recyclable Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Frontier Institute of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Wusheng Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology FIST Yanxiang Road 99 710045 Xi'an CHINA
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13
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Markushyna Y, Savateev A. Light as a tool in organic photocatalysis: multi‐photon excitation and chromoselective reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Markushyna
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Colloid Chemistry Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
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14
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Reisner E. An Integrated Carbon Nitride‐Nickel Photocatalyst for the Amination of Aryl Halides using Sodium Azide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- University of Cambridge Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- University of Cambridge Chemistry Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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15
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Li Y, Cheng X, Jin Y, Li Z, Sun Y, Zou Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Xu W. Highly Crystalline Ag-based Coordination Polymers for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfides. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200031. [PMID: 35267242 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coordination polymers (CPs) display great potential for the development of highly active photocatalysts. Herein, we report the fabrication of a highly crystalline CP, [Ag2 BTT]n (BTT=benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiol). The crystal structure of [Ag2 BTT]n was resolved and its performance for photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole was explored. [Ag2 BTT]n is highly active and selective for the photo-oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides under mild conditions, that is, in air, at room temperature and in the absence of a sacrificial reagent, co-catalyst or redox mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ze Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liyao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Wen Z, Wan T, Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Buglioni L, Reisner E, Noël T. Photocatalytic C-H Azolation of Arenes Using Heterogeneous Carbon Nitride in Batch and Flow. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5265-5270. [PMID: 34529334 PMCID: PMC9298336 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of aryl C(sp2 )-H bonds is a useful strategy for the late-stage modification of biologically active molecules, especially for the regioselective introduction of azole heterocycles to prepare medicinally-relevant compounds. Herein, we describe a practical photocatalytic transformation using a mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-CNx ) photocatalyst, which enables the efficient azolation of various arenes through direct oxidation. The method exhibits a broad substrate scope and is amenable to the late-stage functionalization of several pharmaceuticals. Due to the heterogeneous nature and high photocatalytic stability of mpg-CNx , the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused leading to greener and more sustainable routes, using either batch or flow processing, to prepare these important compounds of interest in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wen
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arjun Vijeta
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUnited Kingdom
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Buglioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering and ChemistrySustainable Process EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry GroupVan't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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17
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Wang J, Yin S, Zhang Q, Cao F, Xing Y, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Xu W, Wu W, Wu M. Single-Atom Fe-N4 sites promote the triplet-energy transfer process of g-C3N4 for the photooxidation. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Fu X, Si Y, Qiao L, Zhao Y, Chen X, Yu B. Visible Light‐Promoted Recyclable Carbon Nitride‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of
β
,
γ
‐Unsaturated Oximes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Fu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Feng Si
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐Peng Qiao
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Fen Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐Lan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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19
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Zheng D, Yang L, Chen W, Fang Y, Wang X. Coating Polymeric Carbon Nitride on Conductive Carbon Cloth to Promote Charge Separation for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3821-3824. [PMID: 34291587 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) for photoredox catalysis is innovating and promoting toward sustainable energy economy. One of the drawbacks of this metal-free photocatalyst is its insufficient charge separation and transfer. Herein, a metal-free system was achieved by anchoring PCN on conductive carbon cloth (CCC). CCC in this system facilitated the charge separation and transport of the photoexcitation charges when PCN films were illuminated. Both photoelectrochemical water oxidation and photocatalytic overall water splitting were achieved, and the performances were improved two-fold with respect to the powder PCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zheng
- College of Environment & safety engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environment & safety engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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20
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Hosseini‐Sarvari M, Akrami Z. Nano Ni/g‐C
3
N
4
Photocatalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Reaction toward Alkyl Aryl Ketones Derivatives under Visible Light Irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Akrami
- Nano Photocatalysis Lab Department of Chemistry Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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21
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Xu W, Zhang Q, Shao Q, Xia C, Wu M. Photocatalytic C−F Bond Activation of Fluoroarenes,
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes and Trifluoromethylarenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Xu
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum China East 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (China East) 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (China East) 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Congjian Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (China East) 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- College of New Energy China University of Petroleum China East 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum (China East) 266580 Qingdao P. R. China
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22
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Adler C, Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, dos Santos‐Gómez L, García‐Granda S, Neumann C, Kund J, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B, Turchanin A, Beranek R. Sol-Gel Processing of Water-Soluble Carbon Nitride Enables High-Performance Photoanodes*. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2170-2179. [PMID: 33576576 PMCID: PMC8248241 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the enormous promise that polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials hold for various applications, the fabrication of high-quality, binder-free PCN films and electrodes has been a largely elusive goal to date. Here, we tackle this challenge by devising, for the first time, a water-based sol-gel approach that enables facile preparation of thin films based on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a polymer belonging to the PCN family. The sol-gel process capitalizes on the use of a water-soluble PHI precursor that allows formation of a non-covalent hydrogel. The hydrogel can be deposited on conductive substrates, resulting in formation of mechanically stable polymeric thin layers. The resulting photoanodes exhibit unprecedented photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in alcohol reforming and highly selective (∼100 %) conversions with very high photocurrents (>0.25 mA cm-2 under 2 sun) down to <0 V vs. RHE. This enables even effective PEC operation under zero-bias conditions and represents the very first example of a 'soft matter'-based PEC system capable of bias-free photoreforming. The robust binder-free films derived from sol-gel processing of water-soluble PCN thus constitute a new paradigm for high-performance 'soft matter' photoelectrocatalytic systems and pave the way for further applications in which high-quality PCN films are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Lucía dos Santos‐Gómez
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Santiago García‐Granda
- Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Julian Kund
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstr. 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry JenaCEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
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23
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Liu S, Tian M, Bu X, Tian H, Yang X. Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Diverse Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidations. Chemistry 2021; 27:7738-7744. [PMID: 33788327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoactive two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) have become promising heterogenous photocatalysts in visible-light-driven organic transformations. Herein, a visible-light-driven selective aerobic oxidation of various small organic molecules by using 2D-COFs as the photocatalyst was developed. In this protocol, due to the remarkable photocatalytic capability of hydrazone-based 2D-COF-1 on molecular oxygen activation, a wide range of amides, quinolones, heterocyclic compounds, and sulfoxides were obtained with high efficiency and excellent functional group tolerance under very mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, benefiting from the inherent advantage of heterogenous photocatalysis, prominent sustainability and easy photocatalyst recyclability, a drug molecule (modafinil) and an oxidized mustard gas simulant (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide) were selectively and easily obtained in scale-up reactions. Mechanistic investigations were conducted using radical quenching experiments and in situ ESR spectroscopy, all corroborating the proposed role of 2D-COF-1 in photocatalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Liu
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, 110034, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, 110034, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiubin Bu
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, 110034, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, 110034, Shenyang, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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24
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Li C, Hofmeister E, Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, Adler C, Beranek R, Dietzek B. Photodriven Charge Accumulation and Carrier Dynamics in a Water-Soluble Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1728-1736. [PMID: 33586917 PMCID: PMC8048561 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Charge accumulation in photoactive molecules and materials holds great promise in solar energy conversion as it allows for decoupling solar-driven charging from (dark) redox reactions. In this contribution, light-driven charge accumulation was investigated for a recently reported novel water-soluble carbon nitride [K,Na-poly(heptazine imide); K,Na-PHI] photocatalyst, which exhibits excellent activity and stability in highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and concurrent reduction of dioxygen to H2 O2 under quasi-homogeneous conditions. An excellent charge storage ability of the K,Na-PHI material was demonstrated, showing an optimal density of accumulated electrons (32.2 μmol of electrons per gram) in the presence of 10 vol % MeOH as a sacrificial electron donor. The long-lived electrons accumulated under anaerobic conditions as K,Na-PHI.- radical ions were utilized in interfacial electron transfer to O2 or methyl viologen in a subsequent dark reaction. Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy was employed to reveal the kinetics of charge-carrier recombination and methanol oxidation. Geminate recombination of electrons and holes within approximately 100 ps was followed by trap-assisted recombination. The presence of methanol as a sacrificial electron donor accelerated the decay of the transient absorption signal when a static sample was used. This behavior was ascribed to the faster charge recombination in the presence of the radical anions generated after hole extraction. The work suggests that photodriven electron storage in the water-soluble carbon nitride is enabled by localized trap states, and highlights the importance of the effective electron donor for creating long-lived photo-generated carbon nitride radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Elisabeth Hofmeister
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
| | - Igor Krivtsov
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Friedrich-Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
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25
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Roy S, Reisner E. Visible-Light Promoted C-O Bond Formation with an Integrated Carbon Nitride-Nickel Heterogeneous Photocatalyst. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:8575-8580. [PMID: 38505321 PMCID: PMC10947600 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ni-deposited mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CNx) is introduced as an inexpensive, robust, easily synthesizable and recyclable material that functions as an integrated dual photocatalytic system. This material overcomes the need of expensive photosensitizers, organic ligands and additives as well as limitations of catalyst deactivation in the existing photo/Ni dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions. The dual catalytic Ni-mpg-CNx is demonstrated for C-O coupling between aryl halides and aliphatic alcohols under mild condition. The reaction affords the ether product in good-to-excellent yields (60-92 %) with broad substrate scope, including heteroaryl and aryl halides bearing electron-withdrawing, -donating and neutral groups. The heterogeneous Ni-mpg-CNx can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused over multiple cycles without loss of activity. The findings highlight exciting opportunities for dual catalysis promoted by a fully heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesLincolnLN6 7DLUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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26
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Vijeta A, Casadevall C, Roy S, Reisner E. Visible-Light Promoted C-O Bond Formation with an Integrated Carbon Nitride-Nickel Heterogeneous Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8494-8499. [PMID: 33559927 PMCID: PMC8048670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ni-deposited mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Ni-mpg-CNx ) is introduced as an inexpensive, robust, easily synthesizable and recyclable material that functions as an integrated dual photocatalytic system. This material overcomes the need of expensive photosensitizers, organic ligands and additives as well as limitations of catalyst deactivation in the existing photo/Ni dual catalytic cross-coupling reactions. The dual catalytic Ni-mpg-CNx is demonstrated for C-O coupling between aryl halides and aliphatic alcohols under mild condition. The reaction affords the ether product in good-to-excellent yields (60-92 %) with broad substrate scope, including heteroaryl and aryl halides bearing electron-withdrawing, -donating and neutral groups. The heterogeneous Ni-mpg-CNx can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused over multiple cycles without loss of activity. The findings highlight exciting opportunities for dual catalysis promoted by a fully heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Vijeta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesLincolnLN6 7DLUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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27
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Raynal L, Rose NC, Donald JR, Spicer CD. Photochemical Methods for Peptide Macrocyclisation. Chemistry 2021; 27:69-88. [PMID: 32914455 PMCID: PMC7821122 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions have been the subject of renewed interest over the last two decades, leading to the development of many new, diverse and powerful chemical transformations. More recently, these developments have been expanded to enable the photochemical macrocyclisation of peptides and small proteins. These constructs benefit from increased stability, structural rigidity and biological potency over their linear counterparts, providing opportunities for improved therapeutic agents. In this review, an overview of both the established and emerging methods for photochemical peptide macrocyclisation is presented, highlighting both the limitations and opportunities for further innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Raynal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Nicholas C. Rose
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James R. Donald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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28
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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29
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Savateev A, Tarakina NV, Strauss V, Hussain T, ten Brummelhuis K, Sánchez Vadillo JM, Markushyna Y, Mazzanti S, Tyutyunnik AP, Walczak R, Oschatz M, Guldi DM, Karton A, Antonietti M. Potassium Poly(Heptazine Imide): Transition Metal-Free Solid-State Triplet Sensitizer in Cascade Energy Transfer and [3+2]-cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15061-15068. [PMID: 32412175 PMCID: PMC7496904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride materials have been used in numerous light-to-energy conversion applications ranging from photocatalysis to optoelectronics. For a new application and modelling, we first refined the crystal structure of potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI)-a benchmark carbon nitride material in photocatalysis-by means of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Using the crystal structure of K-PHI, periodic DFT calculations were performed to calculate the density-of-states (DOS) and localize intra band states (IBS). IBS were found to be responsible for the enhanced K-PHI absorption in the near IR region, to serve as electron traps, and to be useful in energy transfer reactions. Once excited with visible light, carbon nitrides, in addition to the direct recombination, can also undergo singlet-triplet intersystem crossing. We utilized the K-PHI centered triplet excited states to trigger a cascade of energy transfer reactions and, in turn, to sensitize, for example, singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) as a starting point to synthesis up to 25 different N-rich heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nadezda V. Tarakina
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katharina ten Brummelhuis
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | | | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alexander P. Tyutyunnik
- Institute of Solid State ChemistryUral Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences91 Pervomayskaya str.620990EkaterinburgRussia
| | - Ralf Walczak
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling Highway6009PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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30
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Savateev A, Tarakina NV, Strauss V, Hussain T, Brummelhuis K, Sánchez Vadillo JM, Markushyna Y, Mazzanti S, Tyutyunnik AP, Walczak R, Oschatz M, Guldi DM, Karton A, Antonietti M. Kalium‐Polyheptazinimid: Ein übergangsmetallfreier Festkörper‐Triplett‐Sensibilisator in Kaskadenenergietransfer und [3+2]‐Cycloadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Nadezda V. Tarakina
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Volker Strauss
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth Western Australia Australien
| | - Katharina Brummelhuis
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | | | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Stefano Mazzanti
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Alexander P. Tyutyunnik
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 91 Pervomayskaya str. 620990 Ekaterinburg Russland
| | - Ralf Walczak
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Martin Oschatz
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth Western Australia Australien
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Abteilung der Kolloidchemie Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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31
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Yang X, Yang J, Yan K, Qin H, Dong W, Wen J, Wang H. A Naphthalimide-Based ND-O-EAc Photocatalyst for Sulfonation of Alkenes to Access β-Ketosulfones Under Visible Light. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Kelu Yan
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Qin
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Wen
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Medicine and Materials Applied Technologies; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; 273165 Qufu Shandong P. R. China
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32
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Zhang W, Xu C, Kobayashi T, Zhong Y, Guo Z, Zhan H, Pruski M, Huang W. Hydrazone-Linked Heptazine Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Synergistic Visible-Light-Driven Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:7358-7364. [PMID: 32090400 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heptazine-based conjugated polymeric carbon nitrides (PCNs) are promising metal-free photocatalysts, yet their synthesis is challenging due to the electron-deficiency and insolubility of heptazine units. Indeed, heptazine-containing polymers have only been prepared through nucleophilic substitution with amines by using toxic cyameluric chloride as the starting material. Herein, we report the novel and environmentally friendly method for preparing heptazine-based mesoporous PCNs with hydrazone links formed through a simple Schiff base condensation of melem-NH2 and aldehydes. Unlike cyameluric chloride, melem-NH2 is non-toxic, stable, and can be readily obtained from melem and hydrazine in solution. We demonstrate that the hydrazone linkages and the heptazine units synergistically enhance the photocatalytic activity of PCNs in visible-light-driven aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. In particular, the polymer constructed from melem-NH2 and p-phthalaldehyde shows 17 times more activity than graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China.,Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Congying Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | | | - Yun Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Marek Pruski
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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33
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Yu K, Zhang H, Su C, Zhu Y. Visible-Light-Promoted Efficient Aerobic Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles by a Tiny Organic Semiconductor Under Ambient Conditions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing PR China
| | - Hanjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing PR China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province; Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics; Shenzhen University; 518060 Shenzhen PR China
| | - Yongfa Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing PR China
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34
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Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, Adler C, Ilkaeva M, Sardo M, Mafra L, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Li C, Dietzek B, Leiter R, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Im C, Kirchhoff B, Jacob T, Beranek R. Water-Soluble Polymeric Carbon Nitride Colloidal Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Quasi-Homogeneous Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:487-495. [PMID: 31659848 PMCID: PMC6973021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heptazine-based polymeric carbon nitrides (PCN) are promising photocatalysts for light-driven redox transformations. However, their activity is hampered by low surface area resulting in low concentration of accessible active sites. Herein, we report a bottom-up preparation of PCN nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution (ca. 10±3 nm), which are fully soluble in water showing no gelation or precipitation over several months. They allow photocatalysis to be carried out under quasi-homogeneous conditions. The superior performance of water-soluble PCN, compared to conventional solid PCN, is shown in photocatalytic H2 O2 production via reduction of oxygen accompanied by highly selective photooxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol or lignocellulose-derived feedstock (ethanol, glycerol, glucose). The dissolved photocatalyst can be easily recovered and re-dissolved by simple modulation of the ionic strength of the medium, without any loss of activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Krivtsov
- Department of Organic and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Oviedo-CINN33006OviedoSpain
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Christiane Adler
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Marina Ilkaeva
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Mariana Sardo
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Luís Mafra
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaLessingstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)Philosophenweg 7a07743JenaGermany
- Department Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT)Albert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
| | - Robert Leiter
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
| | - Björn Kirchhoff
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Science InstituteUniversity of IcelandDunhaga 5107ReykjavíkIceland
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU)Helmholtzstrasse 1189081UlmGermany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)P.O. Box 364076021KarlsruheGermany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 4789081UlmGermany
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35
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Krivtsov I, Mitoraj D, Adler C, Ilkaeva M, Sardo M, Mafra L, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Li C, Dietzek B, Leiter R, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Im C, Kirchhoff B, Jacob T, Beranek R. Water‐Soluble Polymeric Carbon Nitride Colloidal Nanoparticles for Highly Selective Quasi‐Homogeneous Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Krivtsov
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry University of Oviedo-CINN 33006 Oviedo Spain
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Dariusz Mitoraj
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Christiane Adler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Marina Ilkaeva
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Mariana Sardo
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Luís Mafra
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Lessingstrasse 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Robert Leiter
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Central Facility for Electron Microscopy Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Changbin Im
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Björn Kirchhoff
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Science Institute University of Iceland Dunhaga 5 107 Reykjavík Iceland
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Helmholtzstrasse 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Radim Beranek
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
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36
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Soria-Castro SM, Lebeau B, Cormier M, Neunlist S, Daou TJ, Goddard JP. Organic/Inorganic Heterogeneous Silica-Based Photoredox Catalyst for Aza-Henry Reactions. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Soria-Castro
- Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA); Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) UMR 7042; 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA); CNRS; Axe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC); Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361; 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Bénédicte Lebeau
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA); CNRS; Axe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC); Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361; 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA); Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) UMR 7042; 68100 Mulhouse France
| | - Serge Neunlist
- Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA); Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) UMR 7042; 68100 Mulhouse France
| | - T. Jean Daou
- Université de Haute Alsace (UHA); CNRS; Axe Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (MPC); Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361; 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA); Université de Strasbourg; CNRS; Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) UMR 7042; 68100 Mulhouse France
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37
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Zhang G, Liu M, Heil T, Zafeiratos S, Savateev A, Antonietti M, Wang X. Electron Deficient Monomers that Optimize Nucleation and Enhance the Photocatalytic Redox Activity of Carbon Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14950-14954. [PMID: 31424624 PMCID: PMC6856808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is usually synthesized from nitrogen-rich monomers such as cyanamide, melamine, and urea, but is rather disordered in many cases. Now, a new allotrope of carbon nitride with internal heterostructures was obtained by co-condensation of very electron poor monomers (for example, 5-amino-tetrazole and nucleobases) in the presence of mild molten salts (for example, NaCl/KCl) to mediate the polymerization kinetics and thus modulate the local structure, charge carrier properties, and most importantly the HOMO and LUMO levels. Results reveal that the as-prepared NaK-PHI-A material shows excellent photo-redox activities because of a nanometric hetero-structure which enhances visible light absorption and promotes charge separation in the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloids ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116China
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloids ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Spiros Zafeiratos
- ICPEESInstitut de Chimie et des Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 CNRSUniversité de Strasbourg25 rue Becquerel67087Strasbourg cedexFrance
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloids ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloids ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350116China
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38
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Markushyna Y, Smith CA, Savateev A. Organic Photocatalysis: Carbon Nitride Semiconductors vs. Molecular Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christene A. Smith
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
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39
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Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B. Photochemical Strategies for Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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40
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Zhang G, Liu M, Heil T, Zafeiratos S, Savateev A, Antonietti M, Wang X. Electron Deficient Monomers that Optimize Nucleation and Enhance the Photocatalytic Redox Activity of Carbon Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloids Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloids Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Spiros Zafeiratos
- ICPEES Institut de Chimie et des Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 CNRS Université de Strasbourg 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg cedex France
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloids Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloids Chemistry Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China
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41
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Yin L, Wang S, Yang C, Lyu S, Wang X. Modulation of Polymeric Carbon Nitrides through Supramolecular Preorganization for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3320-3325. [PMID: 31087752 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular pre-assembly by design is an effective strategy to adapt the physicochemical properties of polymeric carbon nitrides (PCNs) to improve their solar conversion performance. A new supramolecular preorganization protocol, which employs H2 O as the self-assembly medium and sodium persulfate as a modifier, is proposed to modulate the textural and photoelectronic features of PCNs for efficient visible-light H2 evolution. Sodium persulfate is revealed to precisely tailor the final carbon nitride polymers with unusual porous layered structures and promoted charge separation and migration kinetics. As a result, the modulated PCNs with optimized structures show a greatly enriched activity for photocatalytic H2 generation compared to the analogous materials derived from melamine without the modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Shihuan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
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42
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Pieber B, Malik JA, Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Savateev A, Cruz D, Heil T, Zhang G, Seeberger PH. Semi‐heterogeneous Dual Nickel/Photocatalysis using Carbon Nitrides: Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9575-9580. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jamal A. Malik
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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43
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Zhang Y, Schilling W, Das S. Metal-Free Photocatalysts for C-H Bond Oxygenation Reactions with Oxygen as the Oxidant. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2898-2910. [PMID: 30934144 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct and selective oxygenation of C-H bonds to C-O bonds is regarded as an effective tool to generate high-value products. However, these reactions are still subject to challenges such as harsh reaction conditions, use of expensive transition metal catalysts, and involvement of stoichiometric oxidants. To avoid these, molecular oxygen would be ideal as oxidant, as the byproduct is water or hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, achieving these reactions by using metal-free catalysts would contribute to green and sustainable chemical synthesis. This Minireview summarizes recent reports on C-H oxygenation reactions with metal-free catalysts and molecular oxygen under visible-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schilling
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Chen H, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chi M, Wang S, Fu J, Dai S. Construction of a Nanoporous Highly Crystalline Hexagonal Boron Nitride from an Amorphous Precursor for Catalytic Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10626-10630. [PMID: 31157948 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is regarded as a graphene analogue and exhibits important characteristics and vast application potentials. However, discovering a facile method for the preparation of nanoporous crystalline h-BN nanosheets (h-BNNS) is still a challenge. Herein, a novel and simple route for the conversion of amorphous h-BN precursors into highly crystalline h-BNNS was achieved through a successive dissolution-precipitation/crystallization process in the presence of magnesium. The h-BNNS has high crystallinity, high porosity with a surface area of 347 m2 g-1 , high purity, and enhanced thermal stability. Improved catalytic performance of crystalline h-BNNS was evidenced by its much higher catalytic efficiency in the dehydrogenation of dodecahydro-N-ethylcarbazole, compared with its amorphous h-BN precursor, as well as other precious-metal-loaded heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zitao Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Construction of a Nanoporous Highly Crystalline Hexagonal Boron Nitride from an Amorphous Precursor for Catalytic Dehydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Pieber B, Malik JA, Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Savateev A, Cruz D, Heil T, Zhang G, Seeberger PH. Semi‐heterogene duale Nickel‐/Photokatalyse mit Kohlenstoffnitriden: Veresterung von Carbonsäuren mit Arylhalogeniden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Jamal A. Malik
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Tobias Heil
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Lin L, Yu Z, Wang X. Crystalline Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6164-6175. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
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48
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Lin L, Yu Z, Wang X. Crystalline Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
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