1
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Schulz J, Clauss R, Kazimir A, Holzknecht S, Hey-Hawkins E. On the Edge of the Known: Extremely Electron-Rich (Di)Carboranyl Phosphines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218648. [PMID: 36573025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of the first B9-connected carboranylphosphines (B9-Phos) featuring two carboranyl moieties as well as access to B9-Phos ligands with bulky electron-donating substituents, previously deemed unattainable, is reported. The electrochemical properties of the B9-Phos ligands were investigated, revealing the ability of the mesityl derivatives to form stabilized phosphoniumyl radical cations. The B9-Phos ligands display an extremely electron-releasing character surpassing that of alkyl phosphines and commonly used N-heterocyclic carbenes. This is demonstrated by their very small Tolman electronic parameters (TEPs) as well as extremely low P-Se coupling constants. Cone angles and buried volumes attest to the high steric demand exerted by the (di)carboranyl phosphines. The dicarboranyl phosphine AuI complexes show superior catalytic performance in the hydroamination of alkynes compared to the monocarboranyl phosphine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulz
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reike Clauss
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kazimir
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Holzknecht
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Lops C, Pengo P, Pasquato L. Highly Efficient Darzens Reactions Mediated by Phosphazene Bases under Mild Conditions. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200179. [PMID: 36207800 PMCID: PMC9547082 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The highly basic and poorly nucleophilic phosphazene base P1‐t‐Bu promotes the Darzens condensation of α‐halo esters with aromatic aldehydes affording α,β‐epoxy esters in nearly quantitative yields under mild conditions and in short reaction times. The more basic P4‐t‐Bu phosphazene was found useful with low reactivity aldehydes. These reactions can be performed in aprotic organic solvents of low polarity, thus minimizing the hydrolysis of α,β‐epoxy esters which often accompanies the base‐promoted Darzens condensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Lops
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly,Aptuit – an Evotec CompanyVia A. Fleming 437135VeronaItaly
| | - Paolo Pengo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Lucia Pasquato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L. Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
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3
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH-Ylides to α-Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203950. [PMID: 35644923 PMCID: PMC9401067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3 P+ -CH2 - is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl-substituted phosphines of the type (RO2 S)2 C(H)-PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α-carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion-functionalization leads to a switch from electron-poor to highly electron-rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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4
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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5
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH‐Ylides to α‐Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
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6
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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7
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Buß F, Röthel MB, Werra JA, Rotering P, Wilm LFB, Daniliuc CG, Löwe P, Dielmann F. Tris(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine: The Simplest Non-ionic Phosphorus Superbase and Strongly Donating Phosphine Ligand. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104021. [PMID: 34793627 PMCID: PMC9300019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of the much sought‐after tris(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinyl) phosphine P(tmg)3, a crystalline, superbasic phosphine accessible through a short and scalable procedure from the cheap and commercially available bulk chemicals 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine, tris(dimethylamino)‐phosphine and phosphorus trichloride. The new phosphine exhibits exceptional electron donor properties and readily forms transition metal complexes with gold(I), palladium(II) and rhodium(I) precursors. The formation of zwitterionic Lewis base adducts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide was explored. In addition, the complete series of phosphine chalcogenides was prepared from the reaction of P(tmg)3 with N2O and the elemental chalcogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike B Röthel
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janina A Werra
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Pawel Löwe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Vermersch F, Yazdani S, Junor GP, Grotjahn DB, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Stable Singlet Carbenes as Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Sima Yazdani
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-1030 USA
| | - Glen P. Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-1030 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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9
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Vermersch F, Yazdani S, Junor GP, Grotjahn DB, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Stable Singlet Carbenes as Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27253-27257. [PMID: 34729888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple experimental procedure for scaling carbene Brønsted basicity is described. The results highlight the strong basicity of pyrazol-4-ylidenes, a type of mesoionic carbene, also named cyclic-bentallenes (CBA). They are more basic (pKaH >42.7 in acetonitrile) than the popular proazaphosphatrane Verkade bases, and even the Schwesinger phosphazene superbase P4 (t Bu). The basicity of these compounds can readily be tuned, and they are accessible in multigram quantities. These results open new avenues for carbon centered superbases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Sima Yazdani
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1030, USA
| | - Glen P Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1030, USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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10
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Phosphorus-Containing Superbases: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Electron-Abundant Phosphines and Phosphazenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10807-10825. [PMID: 34032319 PMCID: PMC8362139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The renaissance of Brønsted superbases is primarily based on their pronounced capacity for a large variety of chemical transformations under mild reaction conditions. Four major set screws are available for the selective tuning of the basicity: the nature of the basic center (N, P, …), the degree of electron donation by substituents to the central atom, the possibility of charge delocalization, and the energy gain by hydrogen bonding. Within the past decades, a plethora of neutral electron-rich phosphine and phosphazene bases have appeared in the literature. Their outstanding properties and advantages over inorganic or charged bases have now made them indispensable as auxiliary bases in deprotonation processes. Herein, an update of the chemistry of basic phosphines and phosphazenes is given. In addition, due to widespread interest, their use in catalysis or as ligands in coordination chemistry is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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11
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Puleo TR, Sujansky SJ, Wright SE, Bandar JS. Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research. Chemistry 2021; 27:4216-4229. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Puleo
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stephen J. Sujansky
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Shawn E. Wright
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Bandar
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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12
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Richard NA, Khor CK, Hetherington SM, Mills SL, Decken A, Dyker CA. Iminophosphorano-Substituted Bispyridinylidenes: Redox Potentials and Substituent Constants from Tolman Electronic Parameters. Chemistry 2020; 26:17371-17375. [PMID: 33022780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bispyridinylidenes (BPYs) have emerged as an important class of neutral organic electron donors, with redox potentials that vary widely with choice of substituent. Methods to predict the effect of substitution on the redox potential are therefore highly desirable. Here we show that the redox potential of BPYs featuring iminophosphorano substituents (R3 P=N-), which represent the most reducing class of BPYs, can be predicted based on the well-known Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) for the respective phosphine fragment (R3 P). Moreover, building on earlier work relating redox potentials to Hammett-type substituent constants, it is now possible to quantitatively predict σp + values for iminophosphorano substituents from TEP values. These results provide a path for precisely tailoring redox potentials of iminophosphorano-substituted BPYs, but also give quantitative descriptors for how these highly versatile iminophosphorano substituents can impact the properties of any molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Richard
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chun Keat Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sydney M Hetherington
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Scott L Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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13
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Kögel JF, Ullrich S, Kovačević B, Wagner S, Sundermeyer J. Mono‐Phosphazenyl Phosphines (R
2
N)
3
P=N–P(NR
2
)
2
– Strong P‐Bases, P‐Donors, and P‐Nucleophiles for the Construction of Chelates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius F. Kögel
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Group for Computational Life Sciences Rudjer Bošković Institute Bijenička c. 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sebastian Wagner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps‐Universität Marburg Hans‐Meerwein‐Straße 35032 Marburg Germany
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14
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Tappen J, Rodstein I, McGuire K, Großjohann A, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. Palladium Complexes Based on Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines (YPhos): Broadly Applicable High-Performance Precatalysts for the Amination of Aryl Halides at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2020; 26:4281-4288. [PMID: 31971642 PMCID: PMC7186839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Palladium allyl, cinnamyl, and indenyl complexes with the ylide-substituted phosphines Cy3 P+ -C- (R)PCy2 (with R=Me (L1) or Ph (L2)) and Cy3 P+ -C- (Me)PtBu2 (L3) were prepared and applied as defined precatalysts in C-N coupling reactions. The complexes are highly active in the amination of 4-chlorotoluene with a series of different amines. Higher yields were observed with the precatalysts in comparison to the in situ generated catalysts. Changes in the ligand structures allowed for improved selectivities by shutting down β-hydride elimination or diarylation reactions. Particularly, the complexes based on L2 (joYPhos) revealed to be universal precatalysts for various amines and aryl halides. Full conversions to the desired products are reached mostly within 1 h reaction time at room temperature, thus making L2 to one of the most efficient ligands in C-N coupling reactions. The applicability of the catalysts was demonstrated for aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides together with primary and secondary aryl and alkyl amines, including gram-scale applications also with low catalyst loadings of down to 0.05 mol %. Kinetic studies further demonstrated the outstanding activity of the precatalysts with TOF over 10.000 h-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Tappen
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Katie McGuire
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic Chemistry IIRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
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15
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Wilm LF, Mehlmann P, Buß F, Dielmann F. Synthesis and characterization of strongly electron-donating bidentate phosphines containing imidazolin-2-ylidenamino substituents and their electron-rich nickel(0), palladium(II) and gold(I) chelate complexes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Rotering P, Wilm LFB, Werra JA, Dielmann F. Pyridinylidenaminophosphines: Facile Access to Highly Electron-Rich Phosphines. Chemistry 2020; 26:406-411. [PMID: 31688978 PMCID: PMC6972615 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Electron-rich tertiary phosphines are valuable species in chemical synthesis. However, their broad application as ligands in catalysis and reagents in stoichiometric reactions is often limited by their costly synthesis. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of a series of phosphines with 1-alkylpyridin-4-ylidenamino and 1-alkylpyridin-2-ylidenamino substituents that are accessible in a very short and scalable route starting from commercially available aminopyridines and chlorophosphines. The determination of the Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) value reveals that the electron donor ability can be tuned by the substituent pattern at the aminopyridine backbone and it can exceed that of common alkylphosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes. The potential of the new phosphines as strong nucleophiles in phosphine-mediated transformations is demonstrated by the formation of Lewis base adducts with CO2 and CS2 . In addition, the coordination chemistry of the new phosphines towards CuI , AuI , and PdII metal centers has been explored, and a convenient procedure to introduce the most basic phosphine into metal complexes starting from air-stable phosphonium salt is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Janina A. Werra
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3048149MünsterGermany
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17
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Ullrich S, Barić D, Xie X, Kovačević B, Sundermeyer J. Basicity Enhancement by Multiple Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Organic Superbase N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetrakis(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)triaminophosphazene. Org Lett 2019; 21:9142-9146. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ullrich
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Danijela Barić
- The Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- The Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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