1
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Hashikawa Y, Sadai S, Murata Y. Construction of a 21-Membered-Ring Orifice on [60]Fullerene. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300225. [PMID: 37226717 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Open-[60]fullerenes possessing a huge orifice with a ring-atom count exceeding 19 have been confined to only a few examples. Herein, we report a 20-membered-ring orifice which enables for a guest molecule such as H2 , N2 , and CH3 OH to be encapsulated inside the [60]fullerene cavity. In addition, a 21-membered-ring orifice was prepared via a reductive decarbonylation, in which one of the carbon atoms was moved out of the [60]fullerene skeleton as an N,N-dimethylamide group. At a low temperature of -30 °C, an Ar atom was encapsulated with an occupation level up to 52 %. At around room temperature, the amide group on the orifice rotates along with the C(amide)-C(fullerene) bond axis, realizing a self-inclusion of the methyl substituent on the amide group as confirmed NMR spectroscopically and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shumpei Sadai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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2
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H2O·HF@C70: Encapsulation Energetics and Thermodynamics. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This report deals with the quantum-chemical evaluation of the energetics and thermodynamics of the simultaneous encapsulation of HF and H2O by the IPR (isolated pentagon rule) C70 fullerene cage, yielding H2O·HF@C70 species which were synthesized and characterized recently, thus further expanding the family of fullerene endohedrals with non-metallic encapsulates. The structures were optimized at the DFT (density functional theory) M06-2X/6-31++G** level. The encapsulation energetics were further refined by the advanced B2PLYPD/6-31++G** and B2PLYPD/6-311++G** methods. After enhancement of the B2PLYPD/6-311++G** encapsulation energy for the BSSE and steric corrections, the encapsulation energy gain was obtained, as 26 kcal/mol. The equilibrium encapsulation thermodynamics were described using the M06-2X/6-31++G** partition functions. The results correspond to our previous evaluations for the water dimer encapsulation by C84 cages.
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3
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Gao R, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liang T, Su J, Gan L. Open-Cage Fullerene as a Selective Molecular Trap for LiF/[BeF] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300151. [PMID: 36718977 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The insertion of ionic compounds into open-cage fullerenes is a challenging task due to the electropositive nature of the cavity. The present work reports the preparation of an open-cage C60 derivative with a hydroxy group pointing towards the centre of the cavity, which can coordinate to a metal cation, thus acting as a bait/hook to trap the metal cation such as the lithium cation in neutral LiF and the beryllium cation in the cationic [BeF]+ species. Other metal salts could not be inserted under similar conditions. The structure of MF in the cage was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Owing to its tendency to undergo polycoordination, Li+ monomer salts have not been isolated before, despite extensive research on Li bonds. The present results provide a unique example of a Li bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tongling Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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4
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Sabater E, Solà M, Salvador P, Andrada DM. Cage-size effects on the encapsulation of P 2 by fullerenes. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:268-277. [PMID: 35546081 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The classic pnictogen dichotomy stands for the great contrast between triply bonding very stable N2 molecules and its heavier congeners, which appear as dimers or oligomers. A banner example involves phosphorus as it occurs in nature as P4 instead of P2 , given its weak π-bonds or strong σ-bonds. The P2 synthetic value has brought Lewis bases and metal coordination stabilization strategies. Herein, we discuss the unrealized encapsulation alternative using the well-known fullerenes' capability to form endohedral and stabilize otherwise unstable molecules. We chose the most stable fullerene structures from Cn (n = 50, 60, 70, 80) and experimentally relevant from Cn (n = 90 and 100) to computationally study the thermodynamics and the geometrical consequences of encapsulating P2 inside the fullerene cages. Given the size differences between P2 and P4 , we show that the fullerenes C70 -C100 are suitable cages to side exclude P4 and host only one molecule of P2 with an intact triple bond. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the process is favorable, overcoming the dimerization energy. Additionally, we have evaluated the host-guest interaction to explain the origins of their stability using energy decomposition analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sabater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Girona
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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5
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Sun S, Liu Z, Colombo F, Gao R, Yu Y, Qiu Y, Su J, Gan L. Open-Cage Fullerene as Molecular Container for F - , Cl - , Br - and I . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212090. [PMID: 36316627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 19-membered open-cage fullerene derivative was prepared from C60 in 7 steps and 5.5 % yield through the peroxide-mediate pathway. There are four carbonyl groups, an ether oxygen and a quinoxaline moiety on the rim of the orifice. A chloride anion could be inserted into its cavity by heating with hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 4 h. Encapsulation of fluoride, bromide and iodide anions was also achieved at slightly more forcing conditions, 90 °C for 14 h. Single crystal X-ray structures of the sodium salt of the chloride and the bromide encapsulated derivatives were obtained, which showed the halide anion in the center of the cavity and two sodium cations connecting two cages through coordination to the oxygen atoms on the rim of the orifices. The halide encapsulation ratio is quantitative in the isolated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, 830017, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, 830017, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
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6
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Bloodworth S, Whitby RJ. Synthesis of endohedral fullerenes by molecular surgery. Commun Chem 2022; 5:121. [PMID: 36697689 PMCID: PMC9814919 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of atoms or small molecules inside fullerenes provides a unique opportunity for study of the confined species in the isolated cavity, and the synthesis of closed C60 or C70 fullerenes with enclosed atoms or molecules has recently developed using the method of 'molecular surgery'; in which an open-cage intermediate fullerene is the host for encapsulation of a guest species, before repair of the cage opening. In this work we review the main methods for cage-opening and closure, and the achievements of molecular surgery to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bloodworth
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Richard J. Whitby
- grid.5491.90000 0004 1936 9297Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
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7
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Synthesis of open‐cage fullerenes containing a H‐bond between the encapsulated water molecule and the amide moiety on the rim of the orifice. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Yamada M, Ishitsuka A, Maeda Y, Suzuki M, Sato H. Copper-Mediated Cascade Synthesis of Open-Cage Fullerenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3633-3636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Asumi Ishitsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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9
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Zhou Z, Han H, Chen Z, Gao R, Liu Z, Su J, Xin N, Yang X, Gan L. Concise Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerenes for Oxygen Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17690-17694. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hongfei Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Rui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Nana Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
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10
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Zhou Z, Han H, Chen Z, Gao R, Liu Z, Su J, Xin N, Yang X, Gan L. Concise Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerenes for Oxygen Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zishuo Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hongfei Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zijing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Rui Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Nana Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
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11
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Abstract
Molecular containers can keep guest molecules in a confined space that is completely separated from the solution. They have wide potential applications, including selective trapping of reactive intermediates, catalysis within the cavity, and molecular delivery. Numerous molecular containers have been prepared through covalent bonds, metal-ligand interactions and H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions. Fullerenes are all-carbon molecules with a spherical structure. Partial opening of the cage structure results in open-cage fullerenes, which can serve as molecular containers for various small molecules and atoms. Compared with classical molecular containers, open-cage fullerenes exhibit some unusual phenomena because of the unique structure of the fullerene cage. The synthesis of an open-cage fullerene with a large enough orifice as a molecular container requires consecutive cleavage of multiple fullerene skeleton bonds within a local area on the cage surface. In spite of the difficulty, remarkable progress has been achieved. Several reactions have been reported to cleave fullerene C-C bonds selectively to form open-cage fullerenes, some of which have been successfully used as molecular containers for molecules such as H2O. The size and shape of the orifice play a key role in the encapsulation of the guest molecule. To date the focus in this area has been the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and encapsulation of small molecules. Little information has been reported about the functional properties of these host-guest systems. Potential applications of these systems need to be explored. This Account mainly presents our results on the encapsulation of small molecules in open-cage fullerenes prepared in my group. The preparation of our open-cage fullerenes is based on fullerene-mixed peroxides, which are briefly mentioned herein. The encapsulation and release of a single molecule of water is discussed in detail. Quantitative water encapsulation was achieved by heating the open-cage fullerene in a homogeneous CDCl3/H2O/EtOH mixture at 80 °C for 18 h. The kinetics of the water release process was studied by blackbody IR radiation-induced dissociation (BIRD) and theoretical calculations. The trapped water could also be released by H-bonding with HF. To control the encapsulation and release processes, we prepared open-cage fullerenes with a switchable stopper on the rim of the orifice. Besides H2O, encapsulations of H2, HF, CO, O2, and H2O2 were also achieved by using different open-cage fullerenes. The encapsulation of CO is quite unusual in that the trapped CO is derived from a fullerene skeleton carbon that was pushed into the cavity by oxidation under ambient conditions at room temperature. The trapped O2/H2O2 could be released slowly under mild conditions, and these systems are now being studied as a new type of oxygen-releasing materials for biomedical research. The present results demonstrate that open-cage fullerenes are suitable molecular containers for small molecules. Our future work will focus on optimizing the conditions for the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and applications of open-cage fullerenes in areas such as oxygen delivery for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Li Y, Lou N, Xu D, Pan C, Lu X, Gan L. Oxygen-Delivery Materials: Synthesis of an Open-Cage Fullerene Derivative Suitable for Encapsulation of H2
O2
and O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14144-14148. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ning Lou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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13
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Li Y, Lou N, Xu D, Pan C, Lu X, Gan L. Oxygen-Delivery Materials: Synthesis of an Open-Cage Fullerene Derivative Suitable for Encapsulation of H2
O2
and O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ning Lou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Changwang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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14
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Tanaka T, Morimoto K, Ishida T, Takahashi T, Fukaya N, Choi JC, Kabe Y. Regioselective Hydroamination of Open-cage Ketolactam Derivatives of C60 with Phenylhydrazine and Water Encapsulation. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Kohei Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takahashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kabe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
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15
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Bloodworth S, Gräsvik J, Alom S, Kouřil K, Elliott SJ, Wells NJ, Horsewill AJ, Mamone S, Jiménez-Ruiz M, Rols S, Nagel U, Rõõm T, Levitt MH, Whitby RJ. Synthesis and Properties of Open Fullerenes Encapsulating Ammonia and Methane. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:266-276. [PMID: 29131544 PMCID: PMC5838534 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterisation of open fullerene (1) and its reduced form (2) in which CH4 and NH3 are encapsulated, respectively. The 1H NMR resonance of endohedral NH3 is broadened by scalar coupling to the quadrupolar 14n nucleus, which relaxes rapidly. This broadening is absent for small satellite peaks, which are attributed to natural abundance 15N. The influence of the scalar relaxation mechanism on the linewidth of the 1H ammonia resonance is probed by variable temperature NMR. A rotational correlation time of τc=1.5 ps. is determined for endohedral NH3, and of τc=57±5 ps. for the open fullerene, indicating free rotation of the encapsulated molecule. IR spectroscopy of NH3@2 at 5 K identifies three vibrations of NH3 (ν1, ν3 and ν4) redshifted in comparison with free NH3, and temperature dependence of the IR peak intensity indicates the presence of a large number of excited translational/ rotational states. Variable temperature 1H NMR spectra indicate that endohedral CH4 is also able to rotate freely at 223 K, on the NMR timescale. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra of CH4@1 show both rotational and translational modes of CH4. Energy of the first excited rotational state (J=1) of CH4@1 is significantly lower than that of free CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Gräsvik
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Shamim Alom
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Karel Kouřil
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Neil J Wells
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Anthony J Horsewill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Salvatore Mamone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Stéphane Rols
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Urmas Nagel
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia Tee 23, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Toomas Rõõm
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia Tee 23, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
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16
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Theoretical study on azafullerene structures with many N N connections, having an opening cavity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Futagoishi T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Encapsulation and Dynamic Behavior of Methanol and Formaldehyde inside Open-Cage C60
Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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18
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Futagoishi T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Encapsulation and Dynamic Behavior of Methanol and Formaldehyde inside Open-Cage C60
Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2758-2762. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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19
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Tanaka T, Nojiri R, Sugiyama Y, Sawai R, Takahashi T, Fukaya N, Choi JC, Kabe Y. Regioselective Diels–Alder reaction to open-cage ketolactam derivatives of C60. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6136-6146. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Open-cage ketolactam fullerenes reacted with dienes on the rim of the orifice both regio- and endo-selectively, which were confirmed by 2D INADEQUATE 13C NMR of 13C enriched material/HMBC spectra as well as the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka 259-1293
- Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nojiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka 259-1293
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka 259-1293
- Japan
| | - Ryouhei Sawai
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka 259-1293
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takahashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yoshio Kabe
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kanagawa University
- Hiratsuka 259-1293
- Japan
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20
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Chen CS, Yeh WY. An Open-Cage Fullerene That Mimics the C60
H10
(5,5)-Carbon Nanotube Endcap to Host Acetylene and Hydrogen Cyanide Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:16425-16428. [PMID: 27616427 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shian Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yann Yeh
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
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21
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Interaction of a Ti-doped semi-fullerene (TiC30) with molecules of CO and CO2. J Mol Model 2016; 22:223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Chen CS, Kuo TS, Yeh WY. Encapsulation of Formaldehyde and Hydrogen Cyanide in an Open-Cage Fullerene. Chemistry 2016; 22:8773-6. [PMID: 27123778 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shian Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Instrumentation Center; National Taiwan Normal University; Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yann Yeh
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan
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23
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Futagoishi T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Trapping N
2
and CO
2
on the Sub‐Nano Scale in the Confined Internal Spaces of Open‐Cage C
60
Derivatives: Isolation and Structural Characterization of the Host–Guest Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14791-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
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24
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Futagoishi T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Trapping N
2
and CO
2
on the Sub‐Nano Scale in the Confined Internal Spaces of Open‐Cage C
60
Derivatives: Isolation and Structural Characterization of the Host–Guest Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
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25
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Yeh WY. Coordination and reactivity of functionalized fullerenes, open-cage fullerenes, and endohedral metallofullerenes by organometallic complexes. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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26
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Krachmalnicoff A, Bounds R, Mamone S, Levitt MH, Carravetta M, Whitby RJ. Synthesis and characterisation of an open-cage fullerene encapsulating hydrogen fluoride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4993-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first encapsulation of HF in an open fullerene and its solution and solid-state NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Bounds
- Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
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27
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Gan L. Peroxide-Mediated Selective Cleavage of [60]Fullerene Skeleton Bonds: Towards the Synthesis of Open-Cage Fulleroid C55O5. CHEM REC 2014; 15:189-98. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 354 Fenglin Lu Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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28
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Dolgonos GA, Peslherbe GH. Encapsulation of diatomic molecules in fullerene C60: implications for their main properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26294-305. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Chen CS, Lin YF, Yeh WY. Activation of Open-Cage Fullerenes with Ruthenium Carbonyl Clusters. Chemistry 2014; 20:936-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations of C70O3 doped with light molecules. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Shi L, Yang D, Colombo F, Yu Y, Zhang W, Gan L. Punching a Carbon Atom of C
60
into its Own Cavity to Form an Endohedral Complex CO@C
59
O
6
under Mild Conditions. Chemistry 2013; 19:16545-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Yuming Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Wen‐Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P. R. China)
- Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032 (P. R. China)
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32
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Levitt MH. Spectroscopy of light-molecule endofullerenes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120429. [PMID: 23918717 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular endofullerenes are supramolecular systems consisting of fullerene cages encapsulating small molecules. Although most early examples consist of encapsulated metal clusters, recently developed synthetic routes have provided endofullerenes with non-metallic guest molecules in high purity and macroscopic quantities. The encapsulated light molecule behaves as a confined quantum rotor, displaying rotational quantization as well as translational quantization, and a rich coupling between the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Furthermore, many encapsulated molecules display spin isomerism. Spectroscopies such as inelastic neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy may be used to obtain information on the quantized energy level structure and spin isomerism of the guest molecules. It is also possible to study the influence of the guest molecules on the cages, and to explore the communication between the guest molecules and the molecular environment outside the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm H Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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33
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Rõõm T, Peedu L, Ge M, Hüvonen D, Nagel U, Ye S, Xu M, Bačić Z, Mamone S, Levitt MH, Carravetta M, Chen JYC, Lei X, Turro NJ, Murata Y, Komatsu K. Infrared spectroscopy of small-molecule endofullerenes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20110631. [PMID: 23918713 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is one of the few molecules that has been incarcerated in the molecular cage of C₆₀ to form the endohedral supramolecular complex H₂@C₆₀. In this confinement, hydrogen acquires new properties. Its translation motion, within the C₆₀ cavity, becomes quantized, is correlated with its rotation and breaks inversion symmetry that induces infrared (IR) activity of H₂. We apply IR spectroscopy to study the dynamics of hydrogen isotopologues H₂, D₂ and HD incarcerated in C₆₀. The translation and rotation modes appear as side bands to the hydrogen vibration mode in the mid-IR part of the absorption spectrum. Because of the large mass difference of hydrogen and C₆₀ and the high symmetry of C₆₀ the problem is almost identical to a vibrating rotor moving in a three-dimensional spherical potential. We derive potential, rotation, vibration and dipole moment parameters from the analysis of the IR absorption spectra. Our results were used to derive the parameters of a pairwise additive five-dimensional potential energy surface for H₂@C₆₀. The same parameters were used to predict H₂ energies inside C₇₀. We compare the predicted energies and the low-temperature IR absorption spectra of H₂@C₇₀.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rõõm
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
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34
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Murata Y, Chuang SC, Tanabe F, Murata M, Komatsu K. Recognition of hydrogen isotopomers by an open-cage fullerene. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20110629. [PMID: 23918711 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present our study on the recognition of hydrogen isotopes by an open-cage fullerene through determination of binding affinity of isotopes H₂/HD/D₂ with the open-cage fullerene and comparison of their relative molecular sizes through kinetic-isotope-release experiments. We took advantage of isotope H₂/D₂ exchange that generated an equilibrium mixture of H₂/HD/D₂ in a stainless steel autoclave to conduct high-pressure hydrogen insertion into an open-cage fullerene. The equilibrium constants of three isotopes with the open-cage fullerene were determined at various pressures and temperatures. Our results show a higher equilibrium constant for HD into open-cage fullerene than the other two isotopomers, which is consistent with its dipolar nature. D₂ molecule generally binds stronger than H₂ because of its heavier mass; however, the affinity for H₂ becomes larger than D₂ at lower temperature, when size effect becomes dominant. We further investigated the kinetics of H₂/HD/D₂ release from open-cage fullerene, proving their relative escaping rates. D₂ was found to be the smallest and H₂ the largest molecule. This notion has not only supported the observed inversion of relative binding affinities between H₂ and D₂, but also demonstrated that comparison of size difference of single molecules through non-convalent kinetic-isotope effect was applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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35
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Shi L, Gan L. Open-cage fullerenes as tailor-made container for a single water molecule. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liangbing Gan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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36
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Futagoishi T, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Sasamori T, Murata Y. Expansion of Orifices of Open C60 Derivatives and Formation of an Open C59S Derivative by Reaction with Sulfur. Org Lett 2013; 15:2750-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Futagoishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan, and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McKee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Alabama
36849, United States
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38
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Yang HT, Ren WL, Ruan XJ, Tian ZY, Liang XC, Han C, Sun XQ, Miao CB. Reaction of [60]fullerene with α-alkoxyl/acyloxyl/phenolyl ketoxime: unusual C–C and C–O bond cleavage. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Bil A, Morrison CA. Modifying the Fullerene Surface Using Endohedral Noble Gas Atoms: Density Functional Theory Based Molecular Dynamics Study of C70O3. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3413-9. [PMID: 22409239 DOI: 10.1021/jp210529y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Bil
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot Curie 14, 50-383
Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carole A. Morrison
- School of Chemistry and EaSTCHEM
Research School, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, U.K
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40
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Korona T, Dodziuk H. Small Molecules in C60 and C70: Which Complexes Could Be Stabilized? J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:1476-83. [PMID: 26610138 DOI: 10.1021/ct200111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent syntheses of complexes involving some small molecules in opened fullerenes and those of hydrogen molecule(s) in C60 and C70 are accompanied in the literature by numerous computations for endohedral fullerene complexes which cope with the problem of the stability of these complexes. In this contribution, stabilization energies of endohedral complexes of C60 and C70 with H2, N2, CO, HCN, H2O, H2S, NH3, CH4, CO2, C2H2, H2CO, and CH3OH guests have been estimated using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, which, contrary to the standard DFT and some other approaches, correctly describes the dispersion contribution of the host-guest interactions. On the basis of these calculations, the endohedral complexes with all these guests were found stable in the larger fullerene, while the C60 cage was found too small to host the latter four molecules. Except for H2 and H2CO, a stabilization effect for most guests in the C60 cage is about 30 kJ/mol. For H2 and H2O guests, a typical supramolecular effect is observed; namely, the stabilization in the smaller cage is equal to or larger than that in the larger C70 host. Except for the water molecule where the induction interaction plays a non-negligible role, in all complexes the main stabilization effect comes from the dispersion interaction. The information on the stability of hypothetical endohedral fullerene complexes and physical factors contributing to it can be of importance in designing future experiments contributing to their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Korona
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Dodziuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Frunzi M, Baldwin AM, Shibata N, Iwamatsu SI, Lawler RG, Turro NJ. Kinetics and Solvent-Dependent Thermodynamics of Water Capture by a Fullerene-Based Hydrophobic Nanocavity. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:735-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110832m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frunzi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Baldwin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States of America
| | - Nobuyuki Shibata
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichi Iwamatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ronald G. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9108, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States of America
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42
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Dodziuk H. Endohedral Fullerene Complexes and In-Out Isomerism in Perhydrogenated Fullerenes. THE MATHEMATICS AND TOPOLOGY OF FULLERENES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0221-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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43
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Zhang J, Yang D, Xiao Z, Gan L. The Chemistry of Open-cage Fullerene, Hydroxylamine Mediated Hole-closing and -opening Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Gan L, Yang D, Zhang Q, Huang H. Preparation of open-cage fullerenes and incorporation of small molecules through their orifices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1498-1507. [PMID: 20437499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Open-cage fullerenes can act as hosts for small molecules such as water, nitrogen, or hydrogen, forming endohedral fullerenes. Following a brief summary of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen insertion in the fullerene framework to form homofullerenes, methods of creating a hole in the fullerene surface are surveyed. Techniques of hole enlargement and the insertion of atoms or molecules through the orifice to form endohedral fullerenes are described. Finally, the possibility of subsequent closure of the hole is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China.
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Murata M, Morinaka Y, Kurotobi K, Komatsu K, Murata Y. Reaction of Cage-opened Fullerene Derivative with Grignard Reagents and Subsequent Transannular Cyclization. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Osuna S, Swart M, Solà M. Reactivity and regioselectivity of noble gas endohedral fullerenes Ng@C(60) and Ng(2)@C(60) (Ng=He-Xe). Chemistry 2010; 15:13111-23. [PMID: 19859923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that genuine Ng-Ng chemical bonds are present in the endohedral fullerenes Ng(2)@C(60) in the case of Ng=Xe, while it is more debatable whether a chemical bond exist for Ng=Ar and Kr. The lighter homologues with helium and neon are weakly bonded van der Waals complexes. The presence of a noble gas dimer inside the cage is expected to modify the exohedral reactivity of the C(60) cage with respect to that of free C(60). To investigate the impact of encapsulated diatomic noble gas molecules on the chemical reactivity of C(60), we analyzed the thermodynamics and the kinetics of [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 1,3-cis-butadiene at all nonequivalent bonds in free C(60), Ng@C(60), and Ng(2)@C(60) (Ng=He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). Our BP86/TZP calculations reveal that introduction of single noble gas atoms in Ng@C(60) and noble gas dimers He(2) and Ne(2) in Ng(2)@C(60) has almost no effect on the exohedral reactivity compared to free C(60), in agreement with experimental results. In all these cases cycloaddition is clearly favored at the [6,6] bonds in the fullerene cage. For the endohedral compounds He(2)@C(60) and Ne(2)@C(60) a slight preference (by less than 2 kcal mol(-1)) for bonds closer to the C(5) symmetry axis is found. This picture changes dramatically for the endohedral compounds with heavier noble gas dimers. Encapsulation of these noble gas dimers clearly enhances the reaction, both under thermodynamic and kinetic control. Moreover, in the case of Xe(2)@C(60), addition to [6,6] and [5,6] bonds becomes equally viable. These reactivity changes in endohedral fullerenes are attributed to stabilization of the LUMO, increased fullerene strain energy, and greater compression of the encapsulated Ng(2) unit along the He to Xe series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Osuna
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
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Xiao Z, Yao J, Yu Y, Jia Z, Gan L. Carving two adjacent holes on [60]fullerene through two consecutive epoxide to diol to dione transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8365-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02750b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vougioukalakis GC, Roubelakis MM, Orfanopoulos M. Open-cage fullerenes: towards the construction of nanosized molecular containers. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:817-44. [DOI: 10.1039/b913766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang Q, Jia Z, Liu S, Zhang G, Xiao Z, Yang D, Gan L, Wang Z, Li Y. Efficient cage-opening cascade process for the preparation of water-encapsulated [60]fullerene derivatives. Org Lett 2009; 11:2772-4. [PMID: 19492837 DOI: 10.1021/ol9009305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cage-opened fullerenes with 18-membered-ring orifices have been prepared starting from fullerene-mixed peroxides. The key transformation involves a cascade sequence including a deketalization, a S(N)2' epoxide opening reaction, and a formal 3,3-sigma rearrangement. The 18-membered-ring orifice is big enough for water encapsulation under mild conditions. Single crystal X-ray structures were obtained for both the empty and water-encapsulated fullerene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, China
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Kabe Y, Hachiya H, Saito T, Shimizu D, Ishiwata M, Suzuki K, Yakushigawa Y, Ando W. Diastereoselective syntheses and oxygenation of silyl fulleroids. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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