1
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Hwang HJ, Ciufolini MA. Therapies from Thiopeptides. Molecules 2023; 28:7579. [PMID: 38005301 PMCID: PMC10673184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The first part of this contribution describes solutions that were developed to achieve progressively more efficient syntheses of the thiopeptide natural products, micrococcins P1 and P2 (MP1-MP2), with an eye toward exploring their potential as a source of new antibiotics. Such efforts enabled investigations on the medicinal chemistry of those antibiotics, and inspired the development of the kinase inhibitor, Masitinib®, two candidate oncology drugs, and new antibacterial agents. The studies that produced such therapeutic resources are detailed in the second part. True to the theme of this issue, "Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry: Two Inseparable Partners", an important message is that the above advances would have never materialized without the support of curiosity-driven, academic synthetic organic chemistry: a beleaguered science that nonetheless has been-and continues to be-instrumental to progress in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- A&J Science, Ltd., 80 Chumbok Ro, Dong Gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
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2
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Palani V, Perea MA, Sarpong R. Site-Selective Cross-Coupling of Polyhalogenated Arenes and Heteroarenes with Identical Halogen Groups. Chem Rev 2021; 122:10126-10169. [PMID: 34402611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methods to functionalize arenes and heteroarenes in a site-selective manner are highly sought after for rapidly constructing value-added molecules of medicinal, agrochemical, and materials interest. One effective approach is the site-selective cross-coupling of polyhalogenated arenes bearing multiple, but identical, halogen groups. Such cross-coupling reactions have proven to be incredibly effective for site-selective functionalization. However, they also present formidable challenges due to the inherent similarities in the reactivities of the halogen substituents. In this Review, we discuss strategies for site-selective cross-couplings of polyhalogenated arenes and heteroarenes bearing identical halogens, beginning first with an overview of the reaction types that are more traditional in nature, such as electronically, sterically, and directing-group-controlled processes. Following these examples is a description of emerging strategies, which includes ligand- and additive/solvent-controlled reactions as well as photochemically initiated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Palani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Rivera DG, Ojeda-Carralero GM, Reguera L, Van der Eycken EV. Peptide macrocyclization by transition metal catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2039-2059. [PMID: 32142086 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00366e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide macrocyclization has traditionally relied on lactam, lactone and disulfide bond-forming reactions that aim at introducing conformational constraints into small peptide sequences. With the advent of ruthenium-catalyzed ring-closing metathesis and copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, peptide chemists embraced transition metal catalysis as a powerful macrocyclization tool with relevant applications in chemical biological and peptide drug discovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the reactivity and methodological diversification of metal-catalyzed peptide macrocyclization as a special class of late-stage peptide derivatization method. We report the evolution from classic palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches to more modern oxidative versions based on C-H activation, heteroatom alkylation/arylation and annulation processes, in which aspects such as chemoselectivity and diversity generation at the ring-closing moiety became dominant over the last years. The transit from early cycloadditions and alkyne couplings as ring-closing steps to very recent 3d metal-catalyzed macrocyclization methods is highlighted. Similarly, the new trends in decarboxylative radical macrocyclizations and the interplay between photoredox and transition metal catalysis are included. This review charts future perspectives in the field hoping to encourage further progress and applications, while bringing attention to the countless possibilities available by diversifying not only the metal, but also the reactivity modes and tactics to bring peptide functional groups together and produce structurally diverse macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo M Ojeda-Carralero
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Leslie Reguera
- Center for Natural Product Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Vinogradov AA, Suga H. Introduction to Thiopeptides: Biological Activity, Biosynthesis, and Strategies for Functional Reprogramming. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1032-1051. [PMID: 32698017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptides (also known as thiazolyl peptides) are structurally complex natural products with rich biological activities. Known for over 70 years for potent killing of Gram-positive bacteria, thiopeptides are experiencing a resurgence of interest in the last decade, primarily brought about by the genomic revolution of the 21st century. Every area of thiopeptide research-from elucidating their biological function and biosynthesis to expanding their structural diversity through genome mining-has made great strides in recent years. These advances lay the foundation for and inspire novel strategies for thiopeptide engineering. Accordingly, a number of diverse approaches are being actively pursued in the hope of developing the next generation of natural-product-inspired therapeutics. Here, we review the contemporary understanding of thiopeptide biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and approaches to structural and functional reprogramming, with a special focus on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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5
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Christy MP, Johnson T, McNerlin CD, Woodard J, Nelson AT, Lim B, Hamilton TL, Freiberg KM, Siegel D. Total Synthesis of Micrococcin P1 through Scalable Thiazole Forming Reactions of Cysteine Derivatives and Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:2365-2370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P. Christy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Trevor Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clare D. McNerlin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - John Woodard
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Andrew T. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bryant Lim
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Tiffany L. Hamilton
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Kaitlyn M. Freiberg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0934, United States
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6
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Dai T, Cui C, Qi X, Cheng Y, He Q, Zhang X, Luo X, Yang C. Regioselective synthesis of substituted thiazoles via cascade reactions from 3-chlorochromones and thioamides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6162-6170. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and regioselective strategy to synthesize substituted thiazoles via a cascade reaction in an environmentally benign medium was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xueyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yanshu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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7
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Abstract
This Review is devoted to the chemistry of macrocyclic peptides having heterocyclic fragments in their structure. These motifs are present in many natural products and synthetic macrocycles designed against a particular biochemical target. Thiazole and oxazole are particularly common constituents of naturally occurring macrocyclic peptide molecules. This frequency of occurrence is because the thiazole and oxazole rings originate from cysteine, serine, and threonine residues. Whereas other heteroaryl groups are found less frequently, they offer many insightful lessons that range from conformational control to receptor/ligand interactions. Many options to develop new and improved technologies to prepare natural products have appeared in recent years, and the synthetic community has been pursuing synthetic macrocycles that have no precedent in nature. This Review attempts to summarize progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Smolyar
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Valentine G Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry , Moscow State University , Leninskije Gory , 199991 Moscow , Russia
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8
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Akasapu S, Hinds AB, Powell WC, Walczak MA. Total synthesis of micrococcin P1 and thiocillin I enabled by Mo(vi) catalyst. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1971-1975. [PMID: 30881626 PMCID: PMC6383332 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04885a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides are a class of potent antibiotics with promising therapeutic potential. We developed a novel Mo(vi)-oxide/picolinic acid catalyst for the cyclodehydration of cysteine peptides to form thiazoline heterocycles. With this powerful tool in hand, we completed the total syntheses of two representative thiopeptide antibiotics: micrococcin P1 and thiocillin I. These two concise syntheses (15 steps, longest linear sequence) feature a C-H activation strategy to install the trisubstituted pyridine core and thiazole groups. The synthetic material displays promising antimicrobial properties measured against a series of Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Akasapu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Aaron B Hinds
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA .
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9
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Lassalas P, Berini C, Rouchet JBEY, Hédouin J, Marsais F, Schneider C, Baudequin C, Hoarau C. Miyaura borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (MBSC) sequence of 4-bromo-2,4'-bithiazoles with halides: straightforward access to a heterocylic cluster of d-series of thiopeptide GE2270. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:526-530. [PMID: 29292462 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02866k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, palladium-catalyzed Miyaura borylation of 4-bromo-2,4'-bithiazoles followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction (named the MBSC process) with (hetero)aryl- and alkenyl halides is reported. This methodology offers rapid access to various 2',4-disubstituted 2,4'-bithiazole features including naturally-occurring 4-alkenylated and 4-pyridinylated 2,4'-bithiazoles. To prove its application, a concise approach for the synthesis of a heterocyclic cluster of the thiopeptide d-series antibiotic GE2270 is reported through a late-stage MBSC strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrik Lassalas
- Normandie University, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, University Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
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10
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Liu Y, He P, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Du Y. One-Pot Enantiomeric Synthesis of Thiazole-Containing Amino Acids: Total Synthesis of Venturamides A and B. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Zheng Q, Fang H, Liu W. Post-translational modifications involved in the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3376-3390. [PMID: 28358161 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics are a class of typical ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with complex chemical structures that are difficult to construct via chemical synthesis. To date, more than 100 thiopeptides have been discovered, and most of these compounds exhibit remarkable biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor and immunosuppressive activities. Therefore, studies of the biosynthesis of thiopeptides can contribute to the development of new drug leads and facilitate the understanding of the complex post-translational modifications (PTMs) of peptides and/or proteins. Since the biosynthetic gene clusters of thiopeptides were first discovered in 2009, several research studies regarding the biochemistry and enzymology of thiopeptide biosyntheses have been reported, indicating that their characteristic framework is constructed via a cascade of common PTMs and that additional specific PTMs diversify the molecules. In this review, we primarily summarize recent advances in understanding the biosynthesis of thiopeptide antibiotics and propose some potential applications based on our insights into the biosynthetic logic and machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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12
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Cheng Y, Xiang JC, Wang ZX, Ma JT, Wang M, Tang BC, Wu YD, Zhu YP, Wu AX. Dimerization of Phenylalanine: An Approach to Thiazoles and Oxazoles Involved S/O-Insertion. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Chen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong; Yantai University; Shandong, Yantai 264005 People's Republic of China
| | - An-Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Hubei, Wuhan 430079 People's Republic of China
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13
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Berini C, Martin T, Lassalas P, Marsais F, Baudequin C, Hoarau C. Synthesis of the heterocyclic core of the D-series GE2270. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1407-1412. [PMID: 28781706 PMCID: PMC5530635 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward enantiomerically pure synthesis of the heterocyclic core of the D-series GE2270 is reported. The synthetic strategy combines the Hantzsch thiazole's building condensation with a cross-coupling reaction including direct C-H hetarylation to build and connect step-by-step thiazolyl moieties to the 5-bromopicolinate as readily available starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Berini
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Thibaut Martin
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pierrik Lassalas
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Francis Marsais
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Christine Baudequin
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Hoarau
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR6014), 76000 Rouen (France), Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
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14
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Fürst MCD, Sauer CS, Moriyama T, Kamimura A, Heinrich MR. Synthesis of 6-Arylpyridin-3-ols by Oxidative Rearrangement of (5-Arylfurfuryl)amines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. D. Fürst
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Caroline S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Takaaki Moriyama
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience; Graduate School of Medicine; Yamaguchi University; 755-8611 Ube Japan
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Schuhstraße 19 91052 Erlangen Germany
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15
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Amaike K, Itami K, Yamaguchi J. Synthesis of Triarylpyridines in Thiopeptide Antibiotics by Using a C−H Arylation/Ring-Transformation Strategy. Chemistry 2016; 22:4384-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Amaike
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST, ERATO; Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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16
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Miura T, Funakoshi Y, Fujimoto Y, Nakahashi J, Murakami M. Facile synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles from terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, and thionoesters. Org Lett 2015; 17:2454-7. [PMID: 25927965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sequential procedure for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles from terminal alkynes, sulfonyl azides, and thionoesters is reported. A copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with sulfonyl azides affords 1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, which then react with thionoesters in the presence of a rhodium(II) catalyst. The resulting 3-sulfonyl-4-thiazolines subsequently aromatize into the corresponding 2,5-disubstituted thiazoles by elimination of the sulfonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuta Funakoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junki Nakahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Ronson TO, Taylor RJ, Fairlamb IJ. Palladium-catalysed macrocyclisations in the total synthesis of natural products. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Kapdi AR, Prajapati D. Regioselective palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions: a powerful synthetic tool. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07895k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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19
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Engineering von Thiopeptiden: ein multidisziplinärer Weg zu neuen Wirkstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Thiopeptide engineering: a multidisciplinary effort towards future drugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6602-16. [PMID: 24861213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of thiopeptide analogues of antibiotics has allowed some of the limitations inherent to these naturally occurring substances to be overcome. Chemical synthesis, semisynthetic derivatization, and engineering of the biosynthetic pathway have independently led to complementary modifications of various thiopeptides. Some of the new substances have displayed improved profiles, not only as antibiotics, but also as antiplasmodial and anticancer drugs. The design of novel molecules based on the thiopeptide scaffold appears to be the only strategy to exploit the high potential they have shown in vitro. Herein we present the most relevant achievements in the production of thiopeptide analogues and also discuss the way the different approaches might be combined in a multidisciplinary strategy to produce more sophisticated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just-Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona (Spain) http://www.pcb.ub.edu/fama/htm/home.htm; CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)
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21
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Thiopeptide antibiotics: retrospective and recent advances. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:317-51. [PMID: 24445304 PMCID: PMC3917276 DOI: 10.3390/md12010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiopeptides, or thiazolyl peptides, are a relatively new family of antibiotics that already counts with more than one hundred different entities. Although they are mainly isolated from soil bacteria, during the last decade, new members have been isolated from marine samples. Far from being limited to their innate antibacterial activity, thiopeptides have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties, including anticancer, antiplasmodial, immunosuppressive, etc. In spite of their ribosomal origin, these highly posttranslationally processed peptides have posed a fascinating synthetic challenge, prompting the development of various methodologies and strategies. Regardless of their limited solubility, intensive investigations are bringing thiopeptide derivatives closer to the clinic, where they are likely to show their veritable therapeutic potential.
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22
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Gross S, Nguyen F, Bierschenk M, Sohmen D, Menzel T, Antes I, Wilson DN, Bach T. Amythiamicin D and related thiopeptides as inhibitors of the bacterial elongation factor EF-Tu: modification of the amino acid at carbon atom C2 of ring C dramatically influences activity. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1954-62. [PMID: 24106106 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three analogues of amythiamicin D, which differ in the substitution pattern at the methine group adjacent to C2 of the thiazole ring C, were prepared by de novo total synthesis. In amythiamicin D, this carbon atom is (S)-isopropyl substituted. Two of the new analogues carry a hydroxymethyl in place of the isopropyl group, one at an S- (compound 3 a) and the other at an R-configured stereogenic center (3 b). The third analogue, 3 c, contains a benzyloxymethyl group at an S-configured stereogenic center. Compounds 3 b and 3 c showed no inhibitory effect toward various bacterial strains, nor did they influence the translation of firefly luciferase. In stark contrast, compound 3 a inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (strains NCTC and Mu50) and Listeria monocytogenes EGD. In the firefly luciferase assay it proved more potent than amythiamicin D, and rescue experiments provided evidence that translation inhibition is due to binding to the bacterial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). The results were rationalized by structural investigations and by molecular dynamics simulations of the free compounds in solution and bound to the EF-Tu binding site. The low affinity of compound 3 b was attributed to the absence of a critical hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the conformation required for binding to EF-Tu. Compound 3 c was shown not to comply with the binding properties of the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gross
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching (Germany)
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23
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Just-Baringo X, Bruno P, Ottesen LK, Cañedo LM, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Baringolin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Just-Baringo X, Bruno P, Ottesen LK, Cañedo LM, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Baringolin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7818-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Young TS, Dorrestein PC, Walsh CT. Codon randomization for rapid exploration of chemical space in thiopeptide antibiotic variants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:1600-10. [PMID: 23261603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thiopeptide antibiotics exhibit a profound level of chemical diversity that is installed through cascades of posttranslational modifications on ribosomal peptides. Here, we present a technique to rapidly explore the chemical space of the thiopeptide GE37468 through codon randomization, yielding insights into thiopeptide maturation as well as structure and activity relationships. In this incarnation of the methodology, we randomized seven residues of the prepeptide-coding region, enabling the generation of 133 potential thiopeptide variants. Variant libraries were subsequently queried in two ways. First, high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was applied to colony-level expressions to sample mutants that permitted full maturation of the antibiotic. Second, the activity of producing mutants was detected in an antibiotic overlay assay. In total, 29 of the 133 variants produced mature compound, 12 of which retained antibiotic activity and 1 that had improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Young
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Armenise 608, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Fu XP, Xuan QQ, Liu L, Wang D, Chen YJ, Li CJ. Dual C–H activations of electron-deficient heteroarenes: palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross coupling of thiazoles with azine N-oxides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Thiostrepton, a powerful antibiotic belonging to the thiopeptide class, was synthesized in the laboratory for the first time in 2004 through an arduous campaign involving novel strategies and tactics, scenic detours, and unexpected roadblocks. In this Review the author narrates the long journey to success, not so dissimilar to Odysseus' return voyage to Ithaca, full of adventure, knowledge, and wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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28
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29
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Velasco-Torrijos T, Abbey L, O'Flaherty R. A Concise Synthesis of Glycolipids Based on Aspartic Acid Building Blocks. Molecules 2012; 17:11346-62. [PMID: 23011277 PMCID: PMC6269076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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31
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A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed desulfitative arylation of azoles with sodium arylsulfinates. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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33
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Proutiere F, Aufiero M, Schoenebeck F. Reactivity and Stability of Dinuclear Pd(I) Complexes: Studies on the Active Catalytic Species, Insights into Precatalyst Activation and Deactivation, and Application in Highly Selective Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:606-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209424z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Proutiere
- Laboratory for Organic
Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Marialuisa Aufiero
- Laboratory for Organic
Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Laboratory for Organic
Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
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34
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Stereoselective synthesis and antimicrobial activity of steroidal C-20 tertiary alcohols with thiazole/pyridine side chain. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3681-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Bruno P, Peña S, Just-Baringo X, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Total Synthesis of Aeruginazole A. Org Lett 2011; 13:4648-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2018592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bruno
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stella Peña
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Just-Baringo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, CIBER-BBN Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Dunst C, Knochel P. Regioselective Functionalization of the Thiazole Scaffold Using TMPMgCl·LiCl and TMP2Zn·2MgCl2·2LiCl. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6972-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201250n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cora Dunst
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus F, 81377 München, Germany
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37
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Identification of the thiazolyl peptide GE37468 gene cluster from Streptomyces ATCC 55365 and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:13053-8. [PMID: 21788474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110435108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolyl peptides are bacterial secondary metabolites that potently inhibit protein synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria and malarial parasites. Recently, our laboratory and others reported that this class of trithiazolyl pyridine-containing natural products is derived from ribosomally synthesized preproteins that undergo a cascade of posttranslational modifications to produce architecturally complex macrocyclic scaffolds. Here, we report the gene cluster responsible for production of the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)-targeting 29-member thiazolyl peptide GE37468 from Streptomyces ATCC 55365 and its heterologous expression in the model host Streptomyces lividans. GE37468 harbors an unusual β-methyl-δ-hydroxy-proline residue that may increase conformational rigidity of the macrocycle and impart reduced entropic costs of target binding. Isotope feeding and gene knockout were employed in the engineered S. lividans strain to identify the P450 monooxygenase GetJ as the enzyme involved in posttranslational transformation of isoleucine 8 to β-methyl-δ-hydroxy-proline through a predicted tandem double hydroxylation/cyclization mechanism. Loss of Ile8 oxygenative cyclization or mutation of Ile8 to alanine via preprotein gene replacement resulted in a 4-fold and 2-fold drop in antibiotic activity, respectively. This report of genetic manipulation of a 29-member thiazolyl peptide sets the stage for further genetic examination of structure activity relationships in the EF-Tu targeting class of thiazolyl peptides.
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Yamamoto T, Muto K, Komiyama M, Canivet J, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. Nickel-catalyzed C-H arylation of azoles with haloarenes: scope, mechanism, and applications to the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Chemistry 2011; 17:10113-22. [PMID: 21744407 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Novel nickel-based catalytic systems for the C-H arylation of azoles with haloarenes and aryl triflates have been developed. We have established that Ni(OAc)(2)/bipy/LiOtBu serves as a general catalytic system for the coupling with aryl bromides and iodides as aryl electrophiles. For couplings with more challenging electrophiles, such as aryl chlorides and triflates, the Ni(OAc)(2)/dppf (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) system was found to be effective. Thiazoles, benzothiazoles, oxazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzimidazoles can be used as the heteroarene coupling partner. Upon further investigation, we discovered a new protocol for the present coupling using Mg(OtBu)(2) as a milder and less expensive alternative to LiOtBu. Attempts to reveal the mechanism of this nickel-catalyzed heterobiaryl coupling are also described. This newly developed methodology has been successfully applied to the syntheses of febuxostat (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is effective for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia), tafamidis (effective for the treatment of TTR amyloid polyneuropathy), and texaline (a natural product having antitubercular activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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39
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Aulakh VS, Ciufolini MA. Total synthesis and complete structural assignment of thiocillin I. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:5900-4. [PMID: 21446660 PMCID: PMC3077036 DOI: 10.1021/ja110166x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the thiopeptide antibiotic, thiocillin I, is described. This work unequivocally defines the full structure (constitution and configuration) of the natural product as 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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40
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Duschek A, Kirsch SF. 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid-A Simple Oxidant with a Dazzling Array of Potential Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1524-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Duschek A, Kirsch SF. 2-Iodoxybenzoesäure - ein einfaches Oxidationsmittel mit einer Vielfalt an Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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42
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Bowers AA, Acker MG, Koglin A, Walsh CT. Manipulation of thiocillin variants by prepeptide gene replacement: structure, conformation, and activity of heterocycle substitution mutants. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7519-27. [PMID: 20455532 DOI: 10.1021/ja102339q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 converts the C-terminal 14 residues of a 52-mer prepeptide into a related set of eight variants of the thiocillin subclass of thiazolyl peptide antibiotics by a cascade of post-translational modifications that alter 13 of those 14 residues. We have introduced prepeptide gene variants into a knockout strain to conduct an alanine scan of all 14 progenitor residues, as well as a serine scan of the six cysteine residues that are converted to thiazoles in the mature natural product. No mature scaffolds were detected for the S1A and S10A mutants, consistent with their roles as the source of the pyridine core. In both the alanine and serine scans, only one substitution mutant failed to produce a mature scaffold: cysteine 11. Cysteine to serine mutants gave mixture of dehydrations, aromatizations, and unaltered alcohol side chains depending on position. Overall, substitutions that altered the trithiazolylpyridine core or reduced the conformational rigidity of the 26-membered macrocyclic loop led to loss of antibiotic activity. In total, 21 peptide mutants were cultured, from which production of 107 compounds was observed and 94 compounds, representing 17 structural mutants, were assayed for antibiotic activity. High-resolution NMR solution structures were determined for one mutant and one wild-type compound. These structures demonstrate that the tight conformational rigidity of the natural product is severely disrupted by loss of even a single heterocycle, perhaps accounting for the attendant loss of activity in such mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A Bowers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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44
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Bowers AA, Walsh CT, Acker MG. Genetic interception and structural characterization of thiopeptide cyclization precursors from Bacillus cereus. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12182-4. [PMID: 20707374 PMCID: PMC2932885 DOI: 10.1021/ja104524q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine core of the thiocillins has long been postulated to arise from a late-stage tail-to-tail condensation of two dehydroalanines. Genetic disruption of tclM, a proposed "Diels-Alderase", allowed isolation of acyclic precursors to this pyridine ring. The isolated products possess the full cohort of post-translational modifications that are normally displayed by the thiocillins, including dehydrobutyrines, thiazoles, C-terminal decarboxylation, and the two previously unconfirmed dehydroalanines. Additionally, leader peptides have undergone extensive N-terminal degradation and the remaining leader peptide residues have been N-succinylated. These results identify TclM and its homologues in other thiazolyl peptide producing strains as the enzymes responsible for the trans-annular heteroannulation at core of this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert A. Bowers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michael G. Acker
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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45
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Walsh CT, Acker MG, Bowers AA. Thiazolyl peptide antibiotic biosynthesis: a cascade of post-translational modifications on ribosomal nascent proteins. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27525-31. [PMID: 20522549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r110.135970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics of the thiocillin, GE2270A, and thiostrepton class, which block steps in bacterial protein synthesis, contain a trithiazolyl (tetrahydro)pyridine core that provides the architectural constraints for high affinity binding to either the 50 S ribosomal subunit or elongation factor Tu. These mature antibiotic scaffolds arise from a cascade of post-translational modifications on 50-60-residue prepeptide precursors that trim away the N-terminal leader sequences (approximately 40 residues) while the C-terminal 14-18 residues are converted into the mature scaffold. In the producing microbes, the genes encoding the prepeptide open reading frames are flanked in biosynthetic clusters by genes encoding post-translational modification enzymes that carry out lantibiotic-type dehydrations of Ser and Thr residues to dehydroamino acid side chains, cyclodehydration and oxidation of cysteines to thiazoles, and condensation of two dehydroalanine residues en route to the (tetrahydro)pyridine core. The trithiazolyl pyridine framework thus arises from post-translational modification of the peptide backbone of three Cys and two Ser residues of the prepeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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46
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Ciufolini MA, Lefranc D. Micrococcin P1: Structure, biology and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:330-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b919071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Acker MG, Bowers AA, Walsh CT. Generation of thiocillin variants by prepeptide gene replacement and in vivo processing by Bacillus cereus. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17563-5. [PMID: 19911780 PMCID: PMC2787705 DOI: 10.1021/ja908777t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thiocillins are natural-product antibiotics derived from ribosomally encoded peptides that undergo extensive posttranslational modifications to yield the mature trithiazolylpyridine-containing macrocyclic compound. Poor pharmacokinetic properties have prevented the clinical use of these highly potent antibiotics. Through in vivo manipulation of the gene responsible for production of the thiocillin precursor peptide, we have generated 65 novel thiocillin variants, allowing us to explore structure-activity relationships involved in both precursor peptide maturation and antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Acker
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Albert A. Bowers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Aulakh VS, Ciufolini MA. An Improved Synthesis of Pyridine−Thiazole Cores of Thiopeptide Antibiotics. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5750-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900950x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virender S. Aulakh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Schnürch M, Khan AF, Mihovilovic MD, Stanetty P. Polyarylated Thiazoles via a Combined Halogen Dance - Cross-Coupling Strategy. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Lefranc D, Ciufolini M. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Micrococcin P1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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