1
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Park S, McDaniel JG. Generalized Helmholtz model describes capacitance profiles of ionic liquids and concentrated aqueous electrolytes. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164709. [PMID: 38651812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0194360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose and validate a generalization of the Helmholtz model that can account for both "bell-shaped" and "camel-shaped" differential capacitance profiles of concentrated electrolytes, the latter being characteristic of ionic liquids. The generalization is based on introducing voltage dependence of both the dielectric constant "ϵr(V)" and thickness "L(V)" of the inner Helmholtz layer, as validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We utilize MD simulations to study the capacitance profiles of three different electrochemical interfaces: (1) graphite/[BMIm+][BF4-] ionic liquid interface; (2) Au(100)/[BMIm+][BF4-] ionic liquid interface; (3) Au(100)/1M [Na+][Cl-] aqueous interface. We compute the voltage dependence of ϵr(V) and L(V) and demonstrate that the generalized Helmholtz model qualitatively describes both camel-shaped and bell-shaped differential capacitance profiles of ionic liquids and concentrated aqueous electrolytes (in lieu of specific ion adsorption). In particular, the camel-shaped capacitance profile that is characteristic of ionic liquid electrolytes arises simply from combination of the voltage-dependent trends of ϵr(V) and L(V). Furthermore, explicit analysis of the inner layer charge density for both concentrated aqueous and ionic liquid double layers reveal similarities, with these charge distributions typically exhibiting a dipolar region closest to the electrode followed by a monopolar peak at larger distances. It is appealing that a generalized Helmholtz model can provide a unified description of the inner layer structure and capacitance profile for seemingly disparate aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suehyun Park
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
| | - Jesse G McDaniel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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2
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An R, Wu N, Gao Q, Dong Y, Laaksonen A, Shah FU, Ji X, Fuchs H. Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:506-535. [PMID: 38356335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts existing in the liquid state below 100 °C, possessing low volatility, high thermal stability as well as many highly attractive solvent and electrochemical capabilities, etc., making them highly tunable for a great variety of applications, such as lubricants, electrolytes, and soft functional materials. In many applications, ILs are first either physi- or chemisorbed on a solid surface to successively create more functional materials. The functions of ILs at solid surfaces can differ considerably from those of bulk ILs, mainly due to distinct interfacial layers with tunable structures resulting in new ionic liquid interface layer properties and enhanced performance. Due to an almost infinite number of possible combinations among the cations and anions to form ILs, the diversity of various solid surfaces, as well as different external conditions and stimuli, a detailed molecular-level understanding of their structure-property relationship is of utmost significance for a judicious design of IL-solid interfaces with appropriate properties for task-specific applications. Many experimental techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus, and so on, have been used for studying the ion structuring of the IL interface layer. Molecular Dynamics simulations have been widely used to investigate the microscopic behavior of the IL interface layer. To interpret and clarify the IL structure and dynamics as well as to predict their properties, it is always beneficial to combine both experiments and simulations as close as possible. In another theoretical model development to bridge the structure and properties of the IL interface layer with performance, thermodynamic prediction & property modeling has been demonstrated as an effective tool to add the properties and function of the studied nanomaterials. Herein, we present recent findings from applying the multiscale triangle "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" in the studies of ion structuring of ILs in the vicinity of solid surfaces, as well as how it qualitatively and quantitatively correlates to the overall ILs properties, performance, and function. We introduce the most common techniques behind "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" and how they are applied for studying the IL interface layer structuring, and we highlight the possibilities of the IL interface layer structuring in applications such as lubrication and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Nanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, ''Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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3
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Prakash K, Sathian SP. Temperature-dependent differential capacitance of an ionic liquid-graphene-based supercapacitor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4657-4667. [PMID: 38251719 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05039d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
One of the critical factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors is thermal management. The design of supercapacitors that operate across a broad temperature range and at high charge/discharge rates necessitates understanding the correlation of the molecular characteristics of the device (such as interfacial structure and inter-ionic and ion-electrode interactions) with its macroscopic properties. In this study, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the influence of Joule heating on the structure and dynamics of the ionic liquid (IL)/graphite-based supercapacitors. The temperature-dependent electrical double layer (EDL) and differential capacitance-potential (CD-V) curves of two different ([Bmim][BF4] and [Bmim][PF6]) IL-graphene pairs were studied under various thermal gradients. For the [Bmim][BF4] system, the differential capacitance curves transition from 'U' to bell shape under an applied thermal gradient (∇T) in the range from 3.3 K nm-1 to 16.7 K nm-1. Whereas in [Bmim][PF6], we find a positive dependence of differential capacitance with ∇T with a U-shaped CD-V curve. We examine changes in the EDL structure and screening potential (ϕ(z)) as a function of ∇T and correlate them with the trends observed in the CD-V curve. The identified correlation between the interfacial charge density and differential capacitance with thermal gradient would be helpful for the molecular design of the IL-electrode interface in supercapacitors or other chemical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Prakash
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sarith P Sathian
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Wang W, Sabugaa MM, Chandra S, Asmara YP, Alreda BA, Ulloa N, Elmasry Y, Kadhim MM. Choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents as electrolytes for wide temperature range supercapacitors. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2023; 71:108141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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5
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Su Y, Wang T, Zhang F, Huang J, Zhu Z, Shah FU, Xu F, An R. Effect of Electrode Surface Chemistry on Ion Structuring of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37289976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry plays a critical role in the ion structuring of ionic liquids (ILs) at the interfaces of electrodes and controls the overall energy storage performance of the system. Herein, we functionalized the gold (Au) colloid probe of an atomic force microscope with -COOH and -NH2 groups to explore the effect of different surface chemical properties on the ion structuring of an IL. Aided by colloid-probe atomic force microscopy (AFM), the ion structuring of an imidazolium IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6], abbreviated as BP hereafter), on the Au electrode surface and the ion response to the change in the surface chemistry are investigated. AFM morphologies, contact angles, and approaching force-distance curves of the BP IL on the functionalized Au surfaces exhibited that the IL forms a more obvious layering structure on the -COOH-terminated Au surface (Au-COOH), while it forms heterogeneous and aggregating droplets on the -NH2 surface (Au-NH2). The formed uniform and aggregation-free ion layers in the vicinity of the Au-COOH surface are due to the π-π+ stacking interaction between the delocalized π+ electrons from the imidazolium ring in the IL [BMIM]+ cation and the localized π electrons from the sp2 carbon on the -COOH group. The in situ observation of nano-friction and torsional resonance frequency at the IL-electrode interfaces further demonstrated the ion structuring of the IL at Au-COOH, which results in a more sensitive electrochemical response associated with a faster capacitive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Information, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Junsen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhehang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Rong An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering/Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Ers H, Voroshylova IV, Pikma P, Ivaništšev VB. Double layer in ionic liquids: Temperature effect and bilayer model. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Fu JY, Li XC, Yu Z, Huang-Fu XN, Fan JA, Zhang ZQ, Huang S, Zheng JF, Wang YH, Zhou XS. In Situ Raman Monitoring of Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structures on the Au(111)/Ionic Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6209-6216. [PMID: 35508432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Probing the adlayer structures on an electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the most important tasks in modern electrochemistry for clarifying the electrochemical processes. Herein, we have combined cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy techniques to explore the potential-dependent adlayer structures on Au(111) in a room-temperature ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) without or with pyridine (Py). It is clearly found that the BMI+ cations strongly adsorb on the negatively charged surface with a flat-lying orientation, leaving a little space for Py adsorption. Upon increasing the potentials of the electrode, the variations of Raman band intensities and frequencies reveal that the interaction between the BMI+ cations and the Au surface becomes weak; meanwhile, the Py adsorption becomes strong, and its geometry turns from flat, tilted to vertical. Finally, BMI+ cations desorb and leave plenty of surface sites for Py adsorption in bulk solution, and a N-bonded compact Py adlayer is formed on the very positively charged surface. This causes obvious anodic peaks in cyclic voltammograms, and the peak currents increase with the square root of the scanning rate. The present work provides a fair molecular-level understanding of electrochemical interfaces and molecular adsorption of Py in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Chong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xu-Nan Huang-Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jian-Ang Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Jeanmairet G, Rotenberg B, Salanne M. Microscopic Simulations of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10860-10898. [PMID: 35389636 PMCID: PMC9227719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrochemical double-layer
capacitors (EDLCs) are devices allowing
the storage or production of electricity. They function through the
adsorption of ions from an electrolyte on high-surface-area electrodes
and are characterized by short charging/discharging times and long
cycle-life compared to batteries. Microscopic simulations are now
widely used to characterize the structural, dynamical, and adsorption
properties of these devices, complementing electrochemical experiments
and in situ spectroscopic analyses. In this review,
we discuss the main families of simulation methods that have been
developed and their application to the main family of EDLCs, which
include nanoporous carbon electrodes. We focus on the adsorption of
organic ions for electricity storage applications as well as aqueous
systems in the context of blue energy harvesting and desalination.
We finally provide perspectives for further improvement of the predictive
power of simulations, in particular for future devices with complex
electrode compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jeanmairet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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9
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Chen Z, Li Z, Zhao W, Matsumoto RA, Thompson MW, Morales-Collazo O, Cummings PT, Mangolini F, Brennecke JF. Investigation of Multilayered Structures of Ionic Liquids on Graphite and Platinum Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4036-4047. [PMID: 35313730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular-level orientation and structure of ionic liquids (ILs) at liquid-solid interfaces are significantly different than in the bulk. The interfacial ordering influences both IL properties, such as dielectric constants and viscosity, and their efficacy in devices, such as fuel cells and electrical capacitors. Here, we report the layered structures of four ILs on unbiased, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Pt(111) surfaces, as determined by atomic force microscopy. The ILs investigated are 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium perfluorobutylsulfonate ([emim][C4F9SO3]), 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MTBD][Tf2N]), and 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene perfluorobutylsulfonate ([MTBD][C4F9SO3]). Molecular dynamics simulations provide complementary information on the position and orientation of the ions. These ILs form a cation layer at the IL-solid interface, followed by a layer of anions. [Emim]+ and [MTBD]+ have similar orientations at the surface, but [MTBD]+ forms a thinner layer compared to [emim]+ on both HOPG and Pt(111). In addition, [Tf2N]- shows stronger interactions with Pt(111) surfaces than [C4F9SO3]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zixuan Li
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ray A Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Matthew W Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Oscar Morales-Collazo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter T Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Filippo Mangolini
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joan F Brennecke
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Qing L, Jiang J. Double-Edged Sword of Ion-Size Asymmetry in Energy Storage of Supercapacitors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1438-1445. [PMID: 35129327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advanced supercapacitor is of great significance for renewable energy storage. Achieving its high energy and high power densities remains a huge challenge. Herein, the contribution of ion-size asymmetry to the charging behavior of a supercapacitor is systematically studied using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We track the time evolution of the ionic microstructure inside the porous electrode and its reservoir and reveal a kinetic charge inversion in the asymmetrical ion-size cases. Compared with the symmetrical ion-size case, we find that the ion-size asymmetry has a double-edged sword effect on the energy storage of a supercapacitor: it accelerates the charging process yet reduces the differential capacitance. Additionally, the energy density and power density can simultaneously increase in the asymmetrical cases, which provides important insights toward the experimental design of supercapacitors with high energy and high power densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Qing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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11
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Yu Z, Li JQ, Wang YH, Su JQ, Fu JY, Zou JW, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Zhou XS. Visualizing an Electrochemically Induced Radical Cation of Bipyridine at Au(111)/Ionic Liquid Interfaces toward a Single-Molecule Switch. Anal Chem 2022; 94:1823-1830. [PMID: 35020360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) emerged as ideal solvents, and bipyridine as one of the most used ligands have been widely employed in surface science, catalysis, and molecular electronics. Herein, in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) and STM break junction (STM-BJ) technique has been employed to probe the electrochemical process of bipyridine at Au(111)/IL interfaces. It is interestingly found that these molecules undertake a redox process with a pair of well-defined reversible peaks in cyclic voltammograms (CVs). The spectroscopic evidence shows a radical cation generated with rising new Raman peaks related to parallel CC stretching of a positively charged pyridyl ring. Furthermore, these electrochemically charged bipyridine is also confirmed by electrochemical STM-BJ at the single-molecule level, which displays a binary conductance switch ratio of about 400% at the redox potentials. This present work offers a molecular-level insight into the pyridine-mediated reaction process and electron transport in RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Henan Engineering Center of New Energy Battery Materials, Henan D&A Engineering Center of Advanced Battery Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jun-Qing Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jia-Ying Fu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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12
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Montes-Campos H, Rivera-Pousa A, Méndez-Morales T. Density functional theory of alkali metals at the IL/graphene electrochemical interface. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:014706. [PMID: 34998333 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of charge transfer between metal ions and graphene in the presence of an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) is investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. For that purpose, two different comparisons are established: (i) the behavior of Li+ and K+ when adsorbed onto the basal plane of graphene and (ii) the differences between Li+ approaching the carbon surface from the basal plane and being intercalated through the edge plane of trilayer graphene. In the first case, it is found that the metal ions must overcome high energy barriers due to their interaction with the ionic liquid before reaching an equilibrium position close to the interface. In addition, no significant charge transfer between any of the metals and graphene takes place until very close energetically unfavorable distances. The second configuration shows that Li+ has no equilibrium position in the proximity of the interface but instead has an equilibrium position when it is inside the electrode for which it has to cross an energy barrier. In this case, the formation of a LiC12 complex is observed since the charge transfer at the equilibrium distance is achieved to a considerable extent. Thus, the interfacial charge transfer resistance on the electrode in energy devices based on ionic liquids clearly depends not only on the binding of the ionic liquid to the metal cations and their ability to form a dense solvation shell around them but also on the surface topography and its effect on the ion packing on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Montes-Campos
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Rivera-Pousa
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Méndez-Morales
- Grupo de Nanomateriais, Fotónica e Materia Branda, Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Wu J, Liu S, Tan Z, Guo Y, Zhou J, Mao B, Yan J. Effect of hydrogen bond donor molecules ethylene glycerol and lactic acid on electrochemical interfaces in choline chloride based-deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244702. [PMID: 34972352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline chloride (ChCl)-based-deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are widely used in electrochemical fields. In this work, the effect of two types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) molecules, ethylene glycerol and lactic acid (LA), on electrochemical interfaces between the Au electrode and DESs has been investigated by employing voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The anodic dissolution and passivation behaviors of the Au electrode are revealed in both ethaline and ChCl:LA. In ChCl:LA, the anodic dissolution of Au is slowed down, and the passivation film is relatively dense and stable due to the existence of the carboxyl group in HBD molecule LA. In the double layer region, the lifting and formation of Au(111) surface reconstruction and a disorder-order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer were observed in the two DESs. Moreover, compared with ethaline, an extra pair of current peaks appears in ChCl-LA possibly due to the adsorption and desorption of LA on the Au(111) surface, which might imply the stronger interaction of LA with the Au electrode in ChCl:LA. HBD LA could even have marked an impact on the disorder-order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer. The above results provide new insight into the significant effect of HBD molecules on the anodic dissolution and the passivation of the Au electrode and the electrochemical behaviors in the double layer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang Y, Tian G. The Influence of Anion Structure on the Ionic Liquids/Au (100) Interface by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14059-14071. [PMID: 34797668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of electrical double layers (EDLs) of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumhexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([Bmim]TFSI) were studied by quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. For the set of ionic liquids investigated here, we found some interesting universal laws due to differences geometry and electronic structure of anions. We show that the morphology of the three anions on the electrode surface is different due to the different geometric structure. The plane formed by the bottom three atoms of the symmetrically tetrahedral BF4- and the bottom atom of the symmetrically octahedral PF6- face the electrode whether the electrode is charged or not, while the conformation of twisted V-shaped TFSI- changes with different surface charges on the electrode. Meanwhile, we also demonstrate that the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), the energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) and their energies gap (ΔE) are very interesting due to different electronic structure of anions. Specially, the EHOMO, ELUMO, and ΔE were related to the electronegativity of the central atom in the case of the same symmetry on the neutral surface. The more electronegative the central atom is, the lower EHOMO, ELUMO and higher ΔE values are. However, on the charged surface, the interaction between anion and electrode is opposite to ΔE. Moreover, different arrangements of anion and cation are related to the interaction between particles. The stronger interaction leads a double-row structure and the weak interaction lead worm-like and island patterns on Au (100) surface. In general, we observed that the higher ΔE cause stronger interaction, which lead to different patterns on Au (100) surface. Meanwhile, we also confirmed that the stronger interaction between particles and electrode lead to the thinner effective EDL and a large differential capacitance value. These results provide a new perspective for double-layer structure in atomic and molecular level. This is helpful to deepen the understanding of the interface phenomena and characteristics of [Bmim]BF4, [Bmim]PF6, and [Bmim]TFSI on Au (100) system and provide theoretical basis for the application of these kind of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- Yunnan Open University, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Guocai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Non-ferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming 650093, China
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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15
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Wu J, Zhou R, Radjenovic PM, Liu S, Wu D, Li J, Mao B, Yan J. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies on electrochemical interface between Au(111) electrode and ethaline deep eutectic solvent. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Aslyamov T, Sinkov K, Akhatov I. Electrolyte structure near electrodes with molecular-size roughness. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:L060102. [PMID: 34271616 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.l060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Understanding electrodes' surface morphology influence on ions' distribution is essential for designing supercapacitors with enhanced energy density characteristics. We develop a model for the structure of electrolytes near the rough surface of electrodes. The model describes an effective electrostatic field's increase and associated intensification of ions' spatial separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface. These adsorption-induced local electric and structure properties result in notably increased values and a sharpened form of the differential capacitance dependence on the applied potential. Such capacitance behavior is observed in many published simulations, and its description is beyond the capabilities of the established flat-electrodes theories. The proposed approach could extend the quantitatively verified models providing a new instrument of the electrode surface-parameter optimization for specific electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Aslyamov
- Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205 Russia
| | - Konstantin Sinkov
- Schlumberger Moscow Research, Leningradskoe shosse 16A/3, Moscow, 125171 Russia
| | - Iskander Akhatov
- Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205 Russia
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17
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Bian K, Gerber C, Heinrich AJ, Müller DJ, Scheuring S, Jiang Y. Scanning probe microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Jia M, Broderick A, Newberg JT. The Influence of Water Vapor on the Electrochemical Shift of an Ionic Liquid Measured by Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:633-640. [PMID: 33534914 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered to be one of the steppingstones to fabricate next generation electrochemical devices given their unique physical and chemical properties. The addition of water to ILs significantly impact electrochemical related properties including viscosity, density, conductivity, and electrochemical window. Herein we utilize ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) to examine the impact of water on values of the electrochemical shift (S), which is determined by measuring changes in binding energy shifts as a function of an external bias. APXPS spectra of C 1s, O 1s and N 1s regions are examined for the IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C4 mim][OAc], at the IL/gas interface as a function of both water vapor pressure and external bias. Results reveal that in the absence of water vapor there is an IL ohmic drop between the working electrode and quasi reference electrode, giving rise to chemical specific S values of less than one. Upon introducing water vapor, S values approach one as a function of increasing water vapor pressure, indicating a decrease in the IL ohmic drop as the IL/water mixture becomes more conductive and the potential drop is driven by the electric double layer at the electrode/IL interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Alicia Broderick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Present Address: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate's Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City, NJ, 08405, USA
| | - John T Newberg
- Material Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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19
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Shin S, Greco F, Maier F, Steinrück HP. Enrichment effects of ionic liquid mixtures at polarized electrode interfaces monitored by potential screening. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10756-10762. [PMID: 33978646 PMCID: PMC8115399 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) at charged interfaces is pivotal for their application in supercapacitors and electrochemical cells. Recently, we demonstrated for neat ILs that potential screening at polarized electrode interfaces shows a characteristic voltage dependence, as determined in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Herein, we use this fingerprint-type behavior to characterize the nature of the IL/electrode interfaces for IL mixtures of [C8C1Im][Tf2N] and [C8C1Im]Cl on Au and Pt electrodes. For Au, the IL/electrode interfaces are dominated by the Cl− anions, even down to a 0.1 mol% [C8C1Im]Cl content. In contrast, [Tf2N]− anions enrich at the IL/Pt electrode interfaces down to 10 mol% [C8C1Im][Tf2N]; only at lower concentrations does a transition to Cl− enrichment occur. These mixture studies demonstrate that even small concentrations of another IL or contamination, e.g. remaining from synthesis, can strongly influence the situation at charged IL interfaces. The interface of electrodes and IL mixtures has been studied by in situ XPS. We found that the concentration of counterions at the interface can strongly deviate from the bulk composition due to interactions between electrode and IL.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Zhang M, Duan S, Luo S, Zhong Y, Yan J, Liu G, Mao B, Tian Z. Structural Exploration of Multilayered Ionic Liquid/Ag Electrode Interfaces by Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Sai Duan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Siheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yunxin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry & Toxicology College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhongqun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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21
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Investigation of the Ionic Liquid Graphene Electric Double Layer in Supercapacitors Using Constant Potential Simulations. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112181. [PMID: 33139670 PMCID: PMC7693729 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effect of the cation structure on the structure and dynamics of the electrode–electrolyte interface using molecular dynamics simulations. A constant potential method is used to capture the behaviour of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethane)sulfonimide ([C2mim][NTf2]) and butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide ([N4,1,1,1][NTf2]) ionic liquids at varying potential differences applied across the supercapacitor. We find that the details of the structure in the electric double layer and the dynamics differ significantly, yet the charge profile and capacitance do not vary greatly. For the systems considered, charging results in the rearrangement and reorientation of ions within ∼1 nm of the electrode rather than the diffusion of ions to/from the bulk region. This occurs on timescales of O(10 ns) for the ionic liquids considered, and depends on the viscosity of the fluid.
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22
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Rakov DA, Chen F, Ferdousi SA, Li H, Pathirana T, Simonov AN, Howlett PC, Atkin R, Forsyth M. Engineering high-energy-density sodium battery anodes for improved cycling with superconcentrated ionic-liquid electrolytes. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1096-1101. [PMID: 32367080 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Non-uniform metal deposition and dendrite formation in high-density energy storage devices reduces the efficiency, safety and life of batteries with metal anodes. Superconcentrated ionic-liquid electrolytes (for example 1:1 ionic liquid:alkali ion) coupled with anode preconditioning at more negative potentials can completely mitigate these issues, and therefore revolutionize high-density energy storage devices. However, the mechanisms by which very high salt concentration and preconditioning potential enable uniform metal deposition and prevent dendrite formation at the metal anode during cycling are poorly understood, and therefore not optimized. Here, we use atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the influence of these factors on the interface chemistry in a sodium electrolyte, demonstrating how a molten-salt-like structure at the electrode surface results in dendrite-free metal cycling at higher rates. Such a structure will support the formation of a more favourable solid electrolyte interphase, accepted as being a critical factor in stable battery cycling. This new understanding will enable engineering of efficient anode electrodes by tuning the interfacial nanostructure via salt concentration and high-voltage preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii A Rakov
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shammi A Ferdousi
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hua Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thushan Pathirana
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry and the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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24
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Shen G, Sun Y, Wang Y, Lu X, Ji X. Interfacial structure and differential capacitance of ionic liquid/graphite interface: A perturbed-chain SAFT density functional theory study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Sieling T, Brand I. In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Potential‐Dependent Changes in an Amphiphilic Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Film on the Au(111) Electrode Surface. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sieling
- University of Oldenburg, Department of Chemistry 26111 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Izabella Brand
- University of Oldenburg, Department of Chemistry 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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26
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Li Y, Intikhab S, Malkani A, Xu B, Snyder J. Ionic Liquid Additives for the Mitigation of Nafion Specific Adsorption on Platinum. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arnav Malkani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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27
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Katakura S, Nishi N, Kobayashi K, Amano KI, Sakka T. An electric double layer structure and differential capacitance at the electrode interface of tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide studied using a molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5198-5210. [PMID: 32090216 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05297f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dynamics simulation at the electrode interface of a quaternary ammonium ionic liquid, tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([N1444+][TFSA-]), has been performed. Unlike the commonly used cations, such as 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1,1-alkylmethylpyrrolidinium cations, N1444+ has multiple long-alkyl groups (three butyl groups). The behavior of ions at the electrode interface, especially these butyl groups, has been investigated. N1444+ at the first layer mainly has two types of orientations, lying and standing. The lying orientation is dominant at moderately negative potentials. However, the standing one becomes dominant at the more negative potentials. Due to this orientational change, the number of N1444+ increases at the first layer as the potential becomes negative even at the potentials where the anions are completely depleted there. The change in orientation results in the upward deviation of the differential capacitance from the theoretical prediction at the negative potentials. The results suggest that the orientational preference caused by the steric constraint between alkyl groups plays an important role in the behavior of the electric double layer of the ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Katakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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28
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Rudnev AV, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Abdelrahman A, Arenz M, Broekmann P, Jacob T. Structural Changes of Au(111) Single‐Crystal Electrode Surface in Ionic Liquids. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201902010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Rudnev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maria R. Ehrenburg
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Elena B. Molodkina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninskii pr. 31 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Areeg Abdelrahman
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Peter Broekmann
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of ElectrochemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
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29
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Greco F, Shin S, Williams FJ, Heller BSJ, Maier F, Steinrück H. Potential Screening at Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces from In Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1365-1368. [PMID: 31844602 PMCID: PMC6892450 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach to investigate potential screening at the interface of ionic liquids (ILs) and charged electrodes in a two-electrode electrochemical cell by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been introduced. Using identical electrodes, we deduce the potential screening at the working and the counter electrodes as a function of applied voltage from the potential change of the bulk IL, as derived from corresponding core level binding energy shifts for different IL/electrode combinations. For imidazolium-based ILs and Pt electrodes, we find a significantly larger potential screening at the anode than at the cathode, which we attribute to strong attractive interactions between the imidazolium cation and Pt. In the absence of specific ion/electrode interactions, asymmetric potential screening only occurs for ILs with different cation and anion sizes as demonstrated for an imidazolium chloride IL and Au electrodes, which we assign to the different thicknesses of the electrical double layers. Our results imply that potential screening in ILs is mainly established by a single layer of counterions at the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sunghwan Shin
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Federico J. Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, INQUIMAE-CONICETUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad UniversitariaPabellón 2Buenos AiresC1428EHAArgentina
| | - Bettina S. J. Heller
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Florian Maier
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hans‐Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie 2Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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30
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Voroshylova IV, Lembinen M, Ers H, Mišin M, Koverga VA, Pereira CM, Ivaništšev VB, Cordeiro MND. On the role of the surface charge plane position at Au(hkl)–BMImPF6 interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Magnussen OM. Atomic‐Scale Insights into Electrode Surface Dynamics by High‐Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:12865-12883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University Olshausenstr. 40 24098 Kiel Germany
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32
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Investigating the M(hkl)| ionic liquid interface by using laser induced temperature jump technique. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Liu S, Peng J, Chen L, Sebastián P, Feliu JM, Yan J, Mao B. In-situ STM and AFM Studies on Electrochemical Interfaces in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Kamalakannan S, Prakash M, Chambaud G, Hochlaf M. Adsorption of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Ionic Liquids at the Au(111) Surface. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18039-18051. [PMID: 31458392 PMCID: PMC6643406 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrode-electrolyte microscopic interfacial studies are of great interest for the design and development of functional materials for energy storage and catalysis applications. First-principles-based simulation methods are used here to understand the structure, stability, energetics, and microscopic adsorption mechanism of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs; 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium [BMIm]+[X]-, where X = Cl, DCA, HCOO, BF4, PF6, CH3SO3, OTF, and TFSA) interacting with a metallic surface. We have selected the Au(111) surface as a potential electrode model, and our computations show that ILs (anions and cations) adsorb specifically at some selective adsorption sites. Indeed, hydrophilic anions of ILs are strongly adsorbed on the gold surface (via Au-Cl and Au-N bonds at Au(111)), whereas hydrophobic anions are weakly bonded. The [BMIm]+ is always found to be stabilized parallel to the metal surface, irrespective of the nature of the anion, through various kinds of noncovalent interactions. Mulliken, Löwdin, and Hirshfeld charge analyses reveal that there is significant charge transfer between ILs and the surface that may enhance the charge transfer mechanism between the surface and electrolytes for electrochemical applications. Our study shows that the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions are in action at these interfaces. Moreover, we show that there are several covalent and noncovalent interactions between ILs and the metal surface. These interactions play an essential role to maintain the electrostatic behaviors at the solid-liquid interface. The present findings can be helpful to predict specific selectivity and subsequent design of materials for energy harvesting and catalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan
- Department
of Chemistry and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of
Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthuramalingam Prakash
- Department
of Chemistry and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of
Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gilberte Chambaud
- Laboratoire
Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 77454 Marne la
Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Laboratoire
Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, 77454 Marne la
Vallée Cedex 2, France
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35
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Panhwar GM, Mysyk R, Rojo T, Shaikhutdinov S, Bondarchuk O. Electrowetting of Ionic Liquid on Graphite: Probing via in Situ Electrochemical X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14528-14536. [PMID: 30412414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIm][FSI]) vapor-deposited on highly oriented pyrographite (HOPG) were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results revealed a reversible morphological transition from a "drop-on-layer" structure to a "flat-layer" structure at positive, and not at negative, polarization. The effect is rationalized in terms of electric-field-induced reduction of the liquid-solid transition temperature in the ionic liquid film, when its thickness is comparable to the charge screening length. The observed bias asymmetry of [EMIm][FSI] electrowetting on HOPG is tentatively explained by the bilayer structure at the interface driven by the affinity of the imidazolium ring to the HOPG surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam M Panhwar
- CIC Energigune , Parque Tecnológico de Alava , c/A. Einstein 48 , 01510 Miñano , Alava , Spain
| | - Roman Mysyk
- CIC Energigune , Parque Tecnológico de Alava , c/A. Einstein 48 , 01510 Miñano , Alava , Spain
| | - Teófilo Rojo
- CIC Energigune , Parque Tecnológico de Alava , c/A. Einstein 48 , 01510 Miñano , Alava , Spain
| | - Shamil Shaikhutdinov
- Abteilung Chemische Physik , Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Oleksandr Bondarchuk
- CIC Energigune , Parque Tecnológico de Alava , c/A. Einstein 48 , 01510 Miñano , Alava , Spain
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36
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Liu C, Feng H. Molecular Dynamic Study of the Behavior of Confined [BMIM][PF6] Ionic Liquids: Pore Size Dependence. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Song Y, Huo F, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Chen S. In Situ Tracking of Organic Reactions at the Vapor/Liquid Interfaces of Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2741-2750. [PMID: 30003635 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures of ionic liquids at interfaces play a crucial role in determining their chemical activities in applications. In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to track the evolution of X-ray irradiation-induced chemical reactions in a series of ionic liquids ([Cn mim][AuCl4 ]; n=4, 6, 8, 10) on the Si (111) single-crystal surface. Analyses of microstructure and chemical bonding based on the XPS results indicated that reactions occurred at the vapor/liquid interfaces of the ionic liquids. The time-resolved XPS spectra revealed that with increasing irradiation time, the intensity of the peak corresponding to trivalent Au anion decreased for the four ionic liquids as Au was continually reduced to a lower chemical state and finally converted to gold nanoparticles. The rate and conversion of the reaction were associated with the length of the alkyl chain of the ionic liquids cation. Molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that the alkyl chain of the cation in the ionic liquids was oriented towards the vacuum environment at the vapor/liquid interface. Our results provide a real-time atomic-scale experimental evidence of organic reactions at the vapor/liquid interfaces of ionic liquids. The findings are important for understanding the roles of ionic liquids in catalysis, separation, electrochemistry, functional materials, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shimou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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38
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UEDA H, NISHIYAMA K, YOSHIMOTO S. Electrochemical Behavior and Specific Adsorption of an Iodide-based Ionic Liquid on Au(111). ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.18-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki UEDA
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Katsuhiko NISHIYAMA
- Division of Materials Science & Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Soichiro YOSHIMOTO
- Division of Materials Science & Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology, Kumamoto University
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39
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Yin L, Chen P, Wang Y, Yan T. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the capacitance of ionic liquid–acetonitrile electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Liang L, Chen Q, Lu J, Talsma W, Shan J, Blake GR, Palstra TTM, Ye J. Inducing ferromagnetism and Kondo effect in platinum by paramagnetic ionic gating. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar2030. [PMID: 29740612 PMCID: PMC5938224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar2030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrically controllable magnetism, which requires the field-effect manipulation of both charge and spin degrees of freedom, has attracted growing interest since the emergence of spintronics. We report the reversible electrical switching of ferromagnetic (FM) states in platinum (Pt) thin films by introducing paramagnetic ionic liquid (PIL) as the gating media. The paramagnetic ionic gating controls the movement of ions with magnetic moments, which induces itinerant ferromagnetism on the surface of Pt films, with large coercivity and perpendicular anisotropy mimicking the ideal two-dimensional Ising-type FM state. The electrical transport of the induced FM state shows Kondo effect at low temperature, suggesting spatially separated coexistence of Kondo scattering beneath the FM interface. The tunable FM state indicates that paramagnetic ionic gating could serve as a versatile method to induce rich transport phenomena combining field effect and magnetism at PIL-gated interfaces.
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41
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Capacitive hysteresis at the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate-polycrystalline gold interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4575-4586. [PMID: 29492622 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report potential-dependent capacitance curves over a 2-V potential range for the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate (Emim FAP)-polycrystalline gold interface, and examine the effect of potential scan direction on results. We find very small levels of capacitive hysteresis in the Emim FAP-polycrystalline Au electrochemical system, where capacitance curves show minor dependence on the potential scan direction employed. This is a considerably different response than that reported for the Emim FAP-Au(111) interface where significant hysteresis is observed based on the potential scan direction (Drüschler et al. in J Phys Chem C 115 (14):6802-6808, 2011). Hysteresis effects have previously been suggested to be a general feature of an ionic liquid (IL) at electrified interfaces due to slow interfacial processes and has been demonstrated for numerous electrochemical systems. We provide new evidence that the experimental procedure used to acquire capacitance data and data workup could also have implications on capacitance-potential relationships in ILs. This work serves to progress our understanding of the nature of capacitive hysteresis at the IL-electrode interface. Graphical abstract Subtle changes in experimental methods can lead to significantly different capacitance measurements in ionic liquids. Which is the best approach?
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Lucio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Scott K Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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42
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Reichert P, Kjær KS, Brandt van Driel T, Mars J, Ochsmann JW, Pontoni D, Deutsch M, Nielsen MM, Mezger M. Molecular scale structure and dynamics at an ionic liquid/electrode interface. Faraday Discuss 2018; 206:141-157. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural arrangement and dynamics of ions near the IL/electrode interface during charging and discharging was studied by a combination of time resolved X-ray reflectivity and impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reichert
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Kasper Skov Kjær
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Tim Brandt van Driel
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | | | - Diego Pontoni
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM)
- 38043 Grenoble
- France
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
- Bar-Ilan University
- Ramat-Gan 52900
- Israel
| | - Martin Meedom Nielsen
- Centre for Molecular Movies
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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43
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Pajkossy T, Müller C, Jacob T. The metal–ionic liquid interface as characterized by impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21241-21250. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical measurements including impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy were performed to study the interface between solid electrodes and ionic liquids. We could reveal that the double layer rearrangement processes are not instantaneous, but that the ions can form ordered clusters at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Pajkossy
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Claus Müller
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry
- Ulm University
- Ulm 89081
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage
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44
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Ruzanov A, Lembinen M, Jakovits P, Srirama SN, Voroshylova IV, Cordeiro MNDS, Pereira CM, Rossmeisl J, Ivaništšev VB. On the thickness of the double layer in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10275-10285. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07939g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Au(111)|BF4−interface model in which BF4−reorients and spontaneously dissociates at surface coverageθ= 1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ruzanov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Meeri Lembinen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu
- 50411 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Pelle Jakovits
- Mobile & Cloud Computing Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu
- 50409 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Satish N. Srirama
- Mobile & Cloud Computing Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu
- 50409 Tartu
- Estonia
| | - Iuliia V. Voroshylova
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre
- Porto
- Portugal
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, CIQ(UP), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre
- Porto
| | - M. Natália D. S. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, CIQ(UP), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København
- Denmark
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45
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Lucio AJ, Shaw SK. Effects and controls of capacitive hysteresis in ionic liquid electrochemical measurements. Analyst 2018; 143:4887-4900. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Capacitance vs. potential relationships help electrochemists better understand electrode–liquid interfacial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott K. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- USA
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46
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NISHI N, KOJIMA Y, KATAKURA S, SAKKA T. Static Capacitance at the Electrochemical Liquid-liquid Interface Between Ionic Liquids and Eutectic Ga-In Alloy Measured Using the Pendant Drop Method. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.17-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya NISHI
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yasuro KOJIMA
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Seiji KATAKURA
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tetsuo SAKKA
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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47
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The effect of dispersion interactions on the structure and performance of electrical double layer of ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Potential-induced restructuring dynamics of ionic liquids on a gold electrode: Steric effect of constituent ions studied by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Sitaputra W, Stacchiola D, Wishart JF, Wang F, Sadowski JT. In Situ Probing of Ion Ordering at an Electrified Ionic Liquid/Au Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606357. [PMID: 28498642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport at the interface of electrodes and ionic liquids is critical for the use of the latter as electrolytes. A room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMMIM TFSI), is investigated in situ under applied bias voltage with a novel method using low-energy electron and photoemission electron microscopy. Changes in photoelectron yield as a function of bias applied to electrodes provide a direct measure of the dynamics of ion reconfiguration and electrostatic responses of the EMMIM TFSI. Long-range and correlated ionic reconfigurations that occur near the electrodes are found to be a function of temperature and thickness, which, in turn, relate to ionic mobility and different configurations for out-of-plane ordering near the electrode interfaces, with a critical transition in ion mobility for films thicker than three monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattaka Sitaputra
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dario Stacchiola
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jerzy T Sadowski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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50
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Insight into the Electrical Double Layer of an Ionic Liquid on Graphene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4225. [PMID: 28652593 PMCID: PMC5484676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a promising next-generation conducting material with the potential to replace traditional electrode materials in supercapacitors. Since energy storage in supercapacitors relies on the electrolyte-electrode interface, here we elucidate the interfacial subnanometer structure of a single component liquid composed solely of cations and anions – an ionic liquid- on electrified graphene. We study the effect of applied potential on the interaction between graphene and a silicon tip in an ionic liquid and describe it within the framework of the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeck (DLVO) theory. The energy is stored in an electrical double layer composed of an extended Stern layer, which consists of multiple ion layers over ~2 nanometers, beyond which a diffuse layer forms to compensate the applied potential on graphene. The electrical double layer significantly responds to the applied potential, and it shows the transition from overscreening to crowding of counterions at the interface at the highest applied potentials. It is proposed that surface charging occurs through the adsorption of the imidazolium cation to unbiased graphene (likely due to π-π interactions) and that the surface potential is better compensated when counterion crowding happens. This study scrutinizes the electrified graphene-ionic liquid interface, with implications not only in the field of energy storage, but also in lubrication.
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