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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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2
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Fabri B, Funaioli T, Frédéric L, Elsner C, Bordignon E, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G, Lacour J. Triple para-Functionalized Cations and Neutral Radicals of Enantiopure Diaza[4]helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8308-8319. [PMID: 38483324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of absorbance and emission is key for the design of chiral chromophores. Accessing a series of compounds absorbing and emitting (circularly polarized) light over a wide spectral window and often toward near-infrared is of practical value in (chir)optical applications. Herein, by late-stage functionalization on derivatives bridging triaryl methyl and helicene domains, we have achieved the regioselective triple introduction of para electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. Extended tuning of electronic (e.g., E1/2red -1.50 V → -0.68 V) and optical (e.g., emission covering from 550 to 850 nm) properties is achieved for the cations and neutral radicals; the latter compounds being easily prepared by mono electron reductions under electrochemical or chemical conditions. While luminescence quantum yields can be increased up to 70% in the cationic series, strong Cotton effects are obtained for certain radicals at low energies (λabs ∼ 700-900 nm) with gabs values above 10-3. The open-shell electronic nature of the radicals was further characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance revealing an important spin density delocalization that contributes to their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Fabri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christina Elsner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
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3
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Marcinkowski D, Kubicki M, Patroniak V, Muzioł T, Chorazy S, Shi L, Zychowicz M, Majcher-Fitas AM, Podgajny R, Gorczyński A. Trityl-Based Lanthanide-Supramolecular Assemblies Exhibiting Slow Magnetic Relaxation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300695. [PMID: 37408381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The triphenylmethane (trityl) group has been recognized as a supramolecular synthon in crystal engineering, molecular machine rotors and stereochemical chirality inductors in materials science. Herein we demonstrate for the first time how it can be utilized in the domain of molecular magnetic materials through shaping of single molecule magnet (SMM) properties within the lanthanide complexes in tandem with other non-covalent interactions. Trityl-appended mono- (HL1 ) and bis-compartmental (HL2 ) hydrazone ligands were synthesized and complexated with Dy(III) and Er(III) triflate and nitrate salts to generate four monometallic (1-4) and two bimetallic (5, 6) complexes. The static and dynamic magnetic properties of 1-6 were investigated, revealing that only ligand HL1 induces assemblies (1-4) capable of showing SMM behaviour, with Dy(III) congeners (1, 2) able to exhibit the phenomenon also under zero field conditions. Theoretical ab initio studies helped in determination of Dy(III) energetic levels, magnetic anisotropic axes and corroborated magnetic relaxation mechanisms to be a combination of Raman and quantum tunnelling in zero dc field, the latter being cancelled in the optimum non-zero dc field. Our work represents the first study of magneto-structural correlations within the trityl Ln-SMMs, leading to generation of slowly relaxing zero-field dysprosium complexes within the hydrogen-bonded assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Marcinkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Muzioł
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Faculty of Chemistry, Jurija Gagarina 11, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Le Shi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Majcher-Fitas
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Czapik A, Kwit M. Diversity of N-triphenylacetyl-L-tyrosine solvates with halogenated solvents. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:745-756. [PMID: 34864716 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621011098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure of N-triphenylacetyl-L-tyrosine (C29H25NO4, L-TrCOTyr) is characterized by the presence of both donors and acceptors of classical hydrogen bonds. At the same time, the molecule contains a sterically demanding and hydrophobic trityl group capable of participating in π-electron interactions. Due to its large volume, the trityl group may favour the formation of structural voids in the crystals, which can be filled with guest molecules. In this article, we present the crystal structures of a series of N-triphenylacetyl-L-tyrosine solvates with chloroform, namely, L-TrCOTyr·CHCl3 (I) and L-TrCOTyr·1.5CHCl3 (III), and dichloromethane, namely, L-TrCOTyr·CH2Cl2 (II) and L-TrCOTyr·0.1CH2Cl2 (IV). To complement the topic, we also decided to use the racemic amide N-triphenylacetyl-DL-tyrosine (rac-TrCOTyr) and recrystallized it from a mixture of chloroform and dichloromethane. As a result, rac-TrCOTyr·1.5CHCl3 (V) was obtained. In the crystal structures, the amide molecules interact with each other via O-H...O hydrogen bonds. Noticeably, the amide N-H group does not participate in the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Channels are formed between the TrCOTyr molecules and these are filled with solvent molecules. Additionally, in the crystals of III and V, there are structural voids that are occupied by chloroform molecules. Structure analysis has shown that solvates I and II are isostructural. Upon loss of solvent, the solvates transform into the solvent-free form of TrCOTyr, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, Poznan 61-614, Poland
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5
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Prusinowska N, Czapik A, Kwit M. Chiral Triphenylacetic Acid Esters: Residual Stereoisomerism and Solid-State Variability of Molecular Architectures. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6433-6448. [PMID: 33908243 PMCID: PMC8279475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have proven the usability and versatility of chiral triphenylacetic acid esters, compounds of high structural diversity, as chirality-sensing stereodynamic probes and as molecular tectons in crystal engineering. The low energy barrier to stereoisomer interconversion has been exploited to sense the chirality of an alkyl substituent in the esters. The structural information are cascaded from the permanently chiral alcohol (inducer) to the stereodynamic chromophoric probe through cooperative interactions. The ECD spectra of triphenylacetic acid esters are highly sensitive to very small structural differences in the inducer core. The tendencies to maximize the C-H···O hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and London dispersion forces determine the way of packing molecules in the crystal lattice. The phenyl embraces of trityl groups allowed, to some extent, the control of molecular organization in the crystal. However, the spectrum of possible molecular arrangements is very broad and depends on the type of substituent, the optical purity of the sample, and the presence of a second trityl group in the proximity. Racemates crystallize as the solid solution of enantiomers, where the trityl group acts as a protecting group for the stereogenic center. Therefore, the absolute configuration of the inducer is irrelevant to the packing mode of molecules in the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Uniwersytetu
Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
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6
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Kemper M, Engelage E, Merten C. Chirale molekulare Propeller basierend auf Triarylboran‐Ammoniak‐Addukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kemper
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Elric Engelage
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie II Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
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7
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Kemper M, Engelage E, Merten C. Chiral Molecular Propellers of Triarylborane Ammonia Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2958-2962. [PMID: 33197119 PMCID: PMC7898383 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chiral molecular propeller conformations have been induced to various triaryl structures including trityl derivatives and triaryl boranes. For borane-amine adducts, such induced propeller chirality has not been reported yet due to the low energy barrier for racemization in common triarylboranes such as B(C6 H5 )3 or B(C6 F5 )3 . Herein, we demonstrate that point chirality in side chains of chiral triarylborane-ammonia adducts, which feature intramolecular hydrogen bonds in addition to the dative N→B bond, can efficiently be transferred to triarylborane propeller chirality. Employing X-ray crystallography and ECD/VCD spectroscopy for structural characterizations, we investigate three examples with different steric demands of the incorporated chiral alkoxy side groups. We elucidate the conformational preferences of the molecular propellers. Furthermore, we show that computationally predicted conformational preferences obtained for the isolated, only implicitly solvated molecules are actually opposite to the experimentally observed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kemper
- Ruhr Universität BochumFakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie IIUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Elric Engelage
- Ruhr Universität BochumFakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie IIUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr Universität BochumFakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie IIUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
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8
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Stasiak B, Czapik A, Kwit M. Dynamic Induction of Optical Activity in Triarylmethanols and Their Carbocations. J Org Chem 2021; 86:643-656. [PMID: 33348985 PMCID: PMC7872417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A series of artificial triarylmethanols
has been synthesized and
studied toward the possibility of exhibiting an induced optical activity.
The observed chiroptical response of these compounds resulted from
the chiral conformation of a triarylmethyl core. The chirality induction
from a permanent chirality element to the liable triarylmethyl core
proceeds as a cooperative and cascade process. The OH···O(R)
and/or (H)O···HorthoC hydrogen
bond formation along with the C–H···π
interactions seem to be the most important factors that control efficiency
of the chirality induction. The position of chiral and methoxy electron-donating
groups within a trityl skeleton affects the amplitude of observed
Cotton effects and stability of the trityl carbocations. In the neutral
environment, the most intense Cotton effects are observed for ortho-substituted derivatives, which undergo a rapid decomposition
associated with the complete decay of ECD signals upon acidification.
From all of the in situ generated stable carbocations, only two exhibit
intense Cotton effects in the low energy region at around 450 nm.
The formation of carbocations is reversible; after alkalization, the
ions return to the original neutral forms. Unlike most triarylmethyl
derivatives known so far, in the crystal, the triarylmethanol, para-substituted with the chiral moiety, shows a propensity
for a solid-state sorting phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Stasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.,Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland
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9
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Hassan DS, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Stereochemical analysis of chiral amines, diamines, and amino alcohols: Practical chiroptical sensing based on dynamic covalent chemistry. Chirality 2020; 32:457-463. [PMID: 32027416 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Practical chiroptical sensing with a small group of commercially available aromatic aldehydes is demonstrated. Schiff base formation between the electron-deficient 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde probe and either primary amines, diamines, or amino alcohols proceeds smoothly in chloroform at room temperature and is completed in the presence of molecular sieves within 2.5 hours. The substrate binding coincides with a distinct circular dichroism signal induction at approximately 330 nm, which can be correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the analyte. The usefulness of this sensing method is highlighted with the successful sensing of 18 aliphatic and aromatic amines and amino alcohols and five examples showing quantitative %ee determination with good accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Górczyńska S, Brzdonkiewicz A, Jelecki M, Czapik A, Stasiak B, Kwit M. Trityl-Containing Alcohols-An Efficient Chirality Transmission Process from Inductor to the Stereodynamic Propeller and their Solid-State Structural Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030707. [PMID: 32041345 PMCID: PMC7036902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cascade process of a dynamic chirality transmission from the permanent chirality center to the stereodynamic triphenylmethyl group has been studied for series of optically active trityl derivatives. The structural analysis, carried out with the use of complementary methods, enabled us to determine the mechanism of chirality transfer. The process of chirality transmission involves a set of weak but complementary electrostatic interactions. The induction of helicity in a trityl propeller is revealed by rising non-zero cotton effects in the area of trityl UV-absorption. The presence of an additional stereogenic center in close proximity to the trityl-containing stereogenic center significantly affects the sign and, to a lesser extent, magnitude of the respective cotton effects. Despite the bulkiness of the trityl, in the crystalline phase, the molecules under study strictly fill the space. In the crystal, molecules form aggregates stabilized by OH•••O hydrogen bonds. However, the presence of two trityl groups precludes formation of OH•••O hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the trityl group seems to be responsible for the formation of the solid solutions by e.g., racemates of trans- and cis-2-tritylcyclohexanol. Therefore, the trityl group acts as a supramolecular protective group, which in turn can be used in the crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Górczyńska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Brzdonkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz Stasiak
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61614 Poznań, Poland; (S.G.); (A.B.); (M.J.); (A.C.); (B.S.)
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Chiral Cocrystal Solid Solutions, Molecular Complexes, and Salts of N-Triphenylacetyl-l-Tyrosine and Diamines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205004. [PMID: 31658607 PMCID: PMC6829379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular recognition process and the ability to form multicomponent supramolecular systems have been investigated for the amide of triphenylacetic acid and l-tyrosine (N-triphenylacetyl-l-tyrosine, TrCOTyr). The presence of several supramolecular synthons within the same amide molecule allows the formation of various multicomponent crystals, where TrCOTyr serves as a chiral host. Isostructural crystals of solvates with methanol and ethanol and a series of binary crystalline molecular complexes with selected organic diamines (1,5-naphthyridine, quinoxaline, 4,4′-bipyridyl, and DABCO) were obtained. The structures of the crystals were planned based on non-covalent interactions (O–H···N or N–H+···O− hydrogen bonds) present in a basic structural motif, which is a heterotrimeric building block consisting of two molecules of the host and one molecule of the guest. The complex of TrCOTyr with DABCO is an exception. The anionic dimers built off the TrCOTyr molecules form a supramolecular gutter, with trityl groups located on the edge and filled by DABCO cationic dimers. Whereas most of the racemic mixtures crystallize as racemic crystals or as conglomerates, the additional tests carried out for racemic N-triphenylacetyl-tyrosine (rac-TrCOTyr) showed that the compound crystallizes as a solid solution of enantiomers.
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12
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Prusinowska N, Czapik A, Wojciechowska M, Kwit M. Dynamic optical activity induction in the N-alkyl-N'-trityl ureas and thioureas. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7782-7793. [PMID: 31402354 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Considered to be rigid, the urea and thiourea functionalities, often used in material chemistry and in asymmetric organocatalysis, are able to transmit information regarding 3D structure from a permanently chiral inducer part to a dynamically chiral (reporter) part of the molecule. Despite a considerable distance between the inducer and the reporter parts of the molecule, the chirality transfer phenomenon has been demonstrated for a series of secondary N-alkyl-N'-trityl ureas and thioureas. The induction of helicity in a stereodynamic trityl propeller is revealed by rising non-zero Cotton effects in the area of trityl absorption. The information regarding the 3D structure of the inducer is transferred to the reporter part of the system through a set of weak but complementary electrostatic interactions. The presence of two supramolecular motifs in the same molecule, characterized by opposite properties, significantly affected the molecular solid state structure of the thioureas and their abilities to assemble. In the crystalline phase, the model, a chiral N-tert-butyl-thiourea derivative that retains the extended Z,Z conformation of the linker, is prone to form a supramolecular network typical of secondary ureas and thioureas. In contrast, the presence of the hydrophobic trityl group suppresses the thioamide NHS[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds. Therefore, trityl acts as a supramolecular protecting group for thioamide functionality, hampering the formation of hydrogen bonded networks in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Prusinowska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Martika Wojciechowska
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61 614 Poznań, Poland. and Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61 614 Poznań, Poland.
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13
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Molecular and supramolecular helicity induction in trityl group-containing compounds: The case of chiral 3,3,3-triphenylpropionic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Mądry T, Czapik A, Kwit M. Optical Activity and Helicity Enhancement of Highly Sensitive Dinaphthylmethane-Based Stereodynamic Probes for Secondary Alcohols. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3244-3256. [PMID: 31459541 PMCID: PMC6648851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality transfer from circular dichroism (CD)-silent secondary alcohol (inductor) to the stereodynamic bichromophoric di(1-naphthyl)methane probe (reporter) led to the generation of intense, induced exciton-type Cotton effects (CEs) in the ultraviolet-visible absorption region. The di(1-naphthyl)methane probe exhibits extraordinarily high sensitivity to even small structural variations of the alcohol skeleton, that is, the probe is able to distinguish between an oxygen atom and a methylene group in a 3-hydroxytetrahydrofurane skeleton. Signs and amplitudes of the exciton couplets of 1Bb electronic transition might be correlated with the type of stereo-differentiating parts of the molecule flanking the stereogenic center, however, not with the absolute configuration. The origin of the induced CEs was established by means of experimental and theoretical methods. As a result, a mechanism of chirality transfer from the permanent stereogenic center to the bichromophore is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mądry
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
- Center
for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz
University, Umultowska
89C, 61 614 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Bendzińska-Berus W, Jelecki M, Kwit M, Rychlewska U. Transfer of chirality in N-triphenylacetylamino acids and chiral derivatives of N-triphenylacetyl Gly–Gly dipeptide and control of their assembly with steric constraints. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00429g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-triphenylacetyl group is utilized as a reporter of chirality and as a supramolecular protecting group for α-amino acid and peptide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies
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16
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De los Santos ZA, Legaux NM, Wolf C. Chirality sensing with stereodynamic copper(I) complexes. Chirality 2017; 29:663-669. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C. USA
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17
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Rode JE, Frelek J. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and DFT calculations in determining absolute configuration and E/Z
isomers of conjugated oximes. Chirality 2017; 29:653-662. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Rode
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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18
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Grajewski J, Mądry T, Kwit M, Warżajtis B, Rychlewska U, Gawroński J. Benzhydryl Ethers of Tartaric Acid Derivatives: Stereochemical Response of a Dynamically Chiral Propeller. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2197-2207. [PMID: 28544199 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The benzhydryl (diphenylmethyl) group is a molecular propeller that can act as a chirality reporter if it is introduced nearby a stereogenic center by making an ether bond. The hydrophobic character of the benzhydryl group allows transformation of insoluble natural tartaric acid derivatives into soluble entities in a nonpolar environment. Electronic circular dichroism spectra, recorded within the short-wavelength region of the phenyl 1 B transitions (190-200 nm) shows strong bisignate Cotton effects. The signs and magnitudes of these Cotton effects are a function of absolute configuration and conformation of the molecule and do not primarily arise from exciton coupling of chiral benzhydryl chromophores. In crystals, the main-chain conformation is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and CH-CO dipolar interactions. The number of the donor NH groups has a pronounced effect on the preferred conformations and inclusion properties of benzhydryl-(R,R)-tartaric acid diamides. Evidence is shown for the solvent dependency of the conformations of NH amides of tartaric acid diphenylmethyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Grajewski
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mądry
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Urszula Rychlewska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Gawroński
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89B, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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19
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Seo MS, Sun D, Kim H. Stereoselective Chiral Recognition of Amino Alcohols with 2,2′-Dihydroxybenzil. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6586-6591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Seo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Daeyoung Sun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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20
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Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Substrate‐Specific Amino Acid Sensing Using a Molecular
d
/
l
‐Cysteine Probe for Comprehensive Stereochemical Analysis in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7276-7281. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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21
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Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Substratspezifische Analyse von Aminosäuren mit Sensoren für
d
/
l
‐Cystein: umfassende stereochemische Untersuchungen in wässriger Lösung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University 37th and O Streets Washington DC 20057 USA
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22
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Chen L, Yu S, Xiao M, Huang Z, Wen K, Xu Y, Zhao F, Yu X, Pu L. Recognition of Chiral Amines by a Terpyridine–Zn
II
‐Complex‐Based Circular‐Dichroism Sensor. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Zeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Kaili Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Yimang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 22904 Charlottesville Virginia USA
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23
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Xiao M, Yu S, Chen L, Huang Z, Wen K, Xu Y, Zhao F, Yu X, Pu L. Fluorous‐Phase‐Based Chiral Assay with Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Zeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Kaili Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Yimang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
| | - Lin Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 610064 Chengdu China
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia McCormick Rd 22904 Charlottesville VA USA
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24
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Serda M, Wu YK, Barth ED, Halpern HJ, Rawal VH. EPR Imaging Spin Probe Trityl Radical OX063: A Method for Its Isolation from Animal Effluent, Redox Chemistry of Its Quinone Methide Oxidation Product, and in Vivo Application in a Mouse. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2153-2156. [PMID: 27989135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a method for the recovery, purification, and application of OX063, a costly, commercially available nontoxic spin probe widely used for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, as well as its corresponding quinone methide (QM) form. This precious probe can be successfully recovered after use in animal model experiments (25-47% recovery from crude lyophilizate with 98.5% purity), even from samples that are >2 years old. Significantly, the recovered trityl can be reused in further animal model EPR imaging experiments. The work also describes support for the observed formation of an air-sensitive radical derived from the QM under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Eugene D Barth
- The Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago , 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Howard J Halpern
- The Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago , 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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25
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Wang L, Zhang T, Redden BK, Sheppard CI, Clark RW, Smith MD, Wiskur SL. Understanding Internal Chirality Induction of Triarylsilyl Ethers Formed from Enantiopure Alcohols. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8187-93. [PMID: 27501133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chirality transmission from point chirality to helical chirality was explored using triarylsilyl ethers. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was employed to show that the alcohol stereocenter of silylated, enantiopure secondary alcohols can transmit chirality to the aryl groups on the silicon resulting in a higher population of one helical conformation over another. Cotton effects characteristic of the aryl groups organized into one preferred conformation were observed for all of the compounds examined, which included both triphenyl- and trinaphthylsilyl groups. Alcohols with an R configuration typically induced a PMP helical twist, while an S configuration induced a MPM helical twist. Molecular modeling combined with solid-state structures also gave evidence signifying that point chirality adjacent to triphenylsilyl groups could bias the conformation of the phenyl groups. This work helps in our understanding of the origin of selectivity in our silylation-based kinetic resolutions and a role the phenyl groups play in that selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Tian Zhang
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon K Redden
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Cody I Sheppard
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Robert W Clark
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sheryl L Wiskur
- University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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26
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Bentley KW, Proano D, Wolf C. Chirality imprinting and direct asymmetric reaction screening using a stereodynamic Brønsted/Lewis acid receptor. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12539. [PMID: 27549926 PMCID: PMC4996974 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition, activation and dynamic self-assembly with Brønsted and Lewis acids play a central role across the chemical sciences including catalysis, crystal engineering, supramolecular architectures and drug design. Despite this general advance, the utilization of the corresponding binding motifs for fast and robust quantitative chemosensing of chiral compounds in a complicate matrix has remained challenging. Here we show that a stereodynamic probe carrying complementary boronic acid and urea units achieves this goal with hydroxy carboxylic acids. Synergistic dual-site binding and instantaneous chirality imprinting result in characteristic ultraviolet and CD readouts that allow instantaneous determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric excess and concentration of the target compound even in complex mixtures. The robustness and practicality of this strategy for high-throughput screening purposes is demonstrated. Comprehensive sensing of only 0.5 mg of a crude reaction mixture of an asymmetric reduction eliminates cumbersome work-up protocols and minimizes analysis time, labour and waste production. Determining results of asymmetric reactions can take long periods of time and consume large amounts of organic solvents during work-up and analysis. Here, the authors report a bifunctional organic probe that can bind to chiral hydroxyacids, and provide yield, enantiomeric excess and absolute configuration even with crude mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Daysi Proano
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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27
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Michalak K, Wicha J, Wójcik J. Studies towards dynamic kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy-2-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one and its E - O -trityloxime. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Bentley KW, Zhang P, Wolf C. Miniature high-throughput chemosensing of yield, ee, and absolute configuration from crude reaction mixtures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501162. [PMID: 26933684 PMCID: PMC4758738 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has emerged as a widely used technology that accelerates discovery and optimization processes with parallel small-scale reaction setups. A high-throughput screening (HTS) method capable of comprehensive analysis of crude asymmetric reaction mixtures (eliminating product derivatization or isolation) would provide transformative impact by matching the pace of HTE. We report how spontaneous in situ construction of stereodynamic metal probes from readily available, inexpensive starting materials can be applied to chiroptical chemosensing of the total amount, enantiomeric excess (ee), and absolute configuration of a wide variety of amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, carboxylic acids, α-hydroxy acids, and diols. This advance and HTS potential are highlighted with the analysis of 1 mg of crude reaction mixtures of a catalytic asymmetric reaction. This operationally simple assay uses a robust mix-and-measure protocol, is amenable to microscale platforms and automation, and provides critical time efficiency and sustainability advantages over traditional serial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Bentley
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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29
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30
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Bentley KW, Santos ZA, Weiss MJ, Wolf C. Chirality Sensing With Stereodynamic Biphenolate Zinc Complexes. Chirality 2015; 27:700-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeus A. Santos
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
| | - Mary J. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Washington D.C
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31
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Skowronek P, Ścianowski J, Pacuła AJ, Gawroński J. Chirality transfer through sulfur or selenium to chiral propellers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steric and electronic effects to the structure of a trityl moiety due chirality transfer by ECD method and DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Ścianowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Torun
- Poland
| | - Agata J. Pacuła
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Torun
- Poland
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32
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Prusinowska N, Bendzińska-Berus W, Szymkowiak J, Warżajtis B, Gajewy J, Jelecki M, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Double helicity induction in chiral bis(triphenylacetamides). RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicity induction in a highly flexible trityl chromophore is not only due to the presence of the neighboring stereogenic center(s).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Szymkowiak
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | - Beata Warżajtis
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gajewy
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | - Maciej Jelecki
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Wielkopolska Center for Advanced Technologies (WCAT)
| | | | - Marcin Kwit
- Department of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University
- 61 614 Poznań
- Poland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
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33
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Prusinowska N, Bendzińska-Berus W, Jelecki M, Rychlewska U, Kwit M. Triphenylacetic Acid Amides: Molecular Propellers with Induced Chirality. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Bentley KW, Wolf C. Comprehensive chirality sensing: development of stereodynamic probes with a dual (chir)optical response. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6517-31. [PMID: 24936934 DOI: 10.1021/jo500959y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of a salicylaldehyde ring and a cofacial aryl or heteroaryl N-oxide chromophore onto a naphthalene scaffold affords stereodynamic probes designed to rapidly bind amines, amino alcohols, or amino acids and to translate this binding event via substrate-to-receptor chirality amplification into a dual (chir)optical response. 1-(3'-Formyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-8-(9'-anthryl)naphthalene (1) was prepared via two consecutive Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, and the three-dimensional structure and racemization kinetics were studied by crystallography and dynamic HPLC. This probe proved successful for chirality sensing of several compounds, but in situ IR monitoring of the condensation reaction between the salicylaldehyde moiety in 1 and phenylglycinol showed that the imine formation takes 2 h. Optimization of the substrate binding rate and the circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence readouts led to the replacement of anthracene with smaller fluorophores capable of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 1-(3'-Formyl-4'-methoxyphenyl)-8-(4'-isoquinolyl)naphthalene N-oxide (2) and its pyridyl analogue 3 combine fast substrate binding with distinctive chiral amplification. This asymmetric transformation of the first kind prompts CD and fluorescence responses that can be used for in situ determination of the absolute configuration, ee, and total concentration of many compounds. The general utility of the three chemosensors was successfully tested on 18 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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35
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Irfanoglu B, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing of Chiral Compounds Using an Achiral Metal Complex as Probe. Chirality 2014; 26:379-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Irfanoglu
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington District of Columbia
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36
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Seo MS, Lee A, Kim H. 2,2′-Dihydroxybenzil: A Stereodynamic Probe for Primary Amines Controlled by Steric Strain. Org Lett 2014; 16:2950-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501088v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Seo
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ansoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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37
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Ściebura J, Janiak A, Stasiowska A, Grajewski J, Gawrońska K, Rychlewska U, Gawroński J. Intramolecular interactions of trityl groups. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1653-9. [PMID: 24692363 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Trityl group, Tr, is a molecular dynamic rotor of which the conformation and helicity depend on other groups in the close vicinity. Interactions with another covalently linked Tr group and with other substituents are analyzed in terms of transfer of chirality to the trityl group. Two trityl groups in a molecule can mutually interact at a distance of two, three, or five bonds. Despite its size, a Tr group attached to a cyclohexane or cyclopentane ring through an oxygen or nitrogen atom adopts either an axial or equatorial position, depending on additional stabilizing interactions, such as hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Ściebura
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznan (Poland), Fax: (+48) 61829-1555
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38
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Wolf C, Bentley KW. Chirality sensing using stereodynamic probes with distinct electronic circular dichroism output. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:5408-24. [PMID: 23482984 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is one of the most useful techniques for the stereochemical analysis of chiral biopolymers and fine chemicals. It has become invaluable for the assignment of the absolute configuration, the study of conformational isomers, and the determination of racemization kinetics of CD active chiral compounds. Molecular interactions between a nonracemic chiral substrate and a chromophoric, CD-silent probe that is achiral or exists as a racemic mixture of rapidly interconverting enantiomeric conformations or configurations can induce a strong, characteristic chiroptical readout. A covalent or noncovalent binding event that coincides with a well-defined asymmetric induction process can effectively imprint the chiral information of the substrate on the stereodynamic sensor and thus generate intense Cotton effects in the UV region of the latter. The probe can thus function as a stereochemical reporter unit and analysis of the CD spectrum often provides accurate information about the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of the substrate used. In this review, recent developments in circular dichroism analysis of chiral compounds with stereodynamic probes are described and particular emphasis is given to sensor design, chiral induction processes and applications scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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39
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Bentley KW, Nam YG, Murphy JM, Wolf C. Chirality Sensing of Amines, Diamines, Amino Acids, Amino Alcohols, and α-Hydroxy Acids with a Single Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410428b#_blank] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Yea G. Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Jaslynn M. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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40
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Bentley KW, Nam YG, Murphy JM, Wolf C. Chirality sensing of amines, diamines, amino acids, amino alcohols, and α-hydroxy acids with a single probe. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18052-5. [PMID: 24261969 DOI: 10.1021/ja410428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A stereodynamic probe for determination of the absolute configuration and enantiomeric composition of chiral amines, diamines, amino alcohols, amino acids, and α-hydroxy carboxylic acids is described. The chirality sensing is based on spontaneous asymmetric transformation of the first kind with stereolabile binaphtholate boron and zinc complexes. The substrate binding and chiral amplification processes yield a distinctive chiroptical sensor output at high wavelength that can be used for rapid and accurate ee detection of minute sample amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington, DC 20057, United States
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41
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Bentley KW, Wolf C. Stereodynamic Chemosensor with Selective Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence Readout for in Situ Determination of Absolute Configuration, Enantiomeric Excess, and Concentration of Chiral Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12200-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406259p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United
States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United
States
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42
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Zhang P, Wolf C. Sensing of the concentration and enantiomeric excess of chiral compounds with tropos ligand derived metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7010-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43653e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Iwaniuk DP, Bentley KW, Wolf C. Enantioselective sensing of chiral amino alcohols with a stereodynamic arylacetylene-based probe. Chirality 2012; 24:584-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Iwaniuk
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington; District of Columbia
| | - Keith W. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington; District of Columbia
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry; Georgetown University; Washington; District of Columbia
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44
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Iwaniuk DP, Wolf C. Chiroptical sensing of citronellal: systematic development of a stereodynamic probe using the concept of isostericity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11226-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36267h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Tormyshev VM, Genaev AM, Sal'nikov GE, Rogozhnikova OY, Troitskaya TI, Trukhin DV, Mamatyuk VI, Fadeev DS, Halpern HJ. Triarylmethanols bearing bulky aryl groups and the NOESY/EXSY experimental observation of two-ring-flip mechanism for helicity reversal of molecular propellers. European J Org Chem 2011; 2012. [PMID: 24294110 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Triarylmethanols - the direct precursors of persistent trityl radicals - are racemic mixtures of chiral three-bladed molecular propellers. Depending on bulkiness of aryl groups they exhibit various liabilities to interconversion, the half- life time of room temperature racemization varying in a range between 8.4 hours and 1.32 years. NOESY/EXSY experiment performed on two representative models strongly supports the two-ring flip mechanism for the configurational interchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Tormyshev
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Acad. M.A. Lavrentjev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia ; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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46
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Ściebura J, Gawroński J. Double Chirality Transmission in Trityl Amines: Sensing Molecular Dynamic Stereochemistry by Circular Dichroism and DFT Calculations. Chemistry 2011; 17:13138-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Gal J. Stereochemical vocabulary for structures that are chiral but not asymmetric: History, analysis, and proposal for a rational terminology. Chirality 2011; 23:647-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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48
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Kao CY, Hsu YT, Lu HF, Chao I, Huang SL, Lin YC, Sun WT, Yang JS. Toward a Four-Toothed Molecular Bevel Gear with C2-Symmetrical Rotors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5782-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Kao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Hsiu-Feng Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Ito Chao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Wei-Ting Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 10617
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49
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Matsumoto K, Miki K, Inagaki T, Nehira T, Pescitelli G, Hirao Y, Kurata H, Kawase T, Kubo T. "Marking" the nitrogen atoms of phenyl-(2-pyridyl)-(3-pyridyl)-(4-pyridyl)-methane. Synthesis and absolute configuration of the corresponding tris(pyridine N-oxide). Chirality 2011; 23:543-8. [PMID: 21671454 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To "mark" the nitrogen atoms in phenyl-(2-pyridyl)-(3-pyridyl)-(4-pyridyl)methane (1), we have synthesized the corresponding tris(pyridine N-oxide) 2 by oxidation of 1 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The nitrogen atoms of 2 are unequivocally determined by the X-ray crystal analysis of a single crystal of rac-2 whereas the nitrogen atoms cannot be assigned at all in the case of rac-1. N-Oxide 2 can be resolved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography under similar conditions to those used for the resolution of 1. The calculated circular dichroism (CD) curve for (R)-2 on the basis of time-dependent density functional theory reproduces the experimental spectra very well to suggest that the second-eluted fraction ([CD(+)283]-2) is the R isomer, namely (R)-[CD(+)283]-2. The independent absolute configuration determinations for 1 and 2 are in keeping with the chemical correlation between the two compounds by oxidation of (R)-1 into (R)-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouzou Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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50
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Iwaniuk DP, Wolf C. Enantioselective Sensing of Amines Based on [1 + 1]-, [2 + 2]-, and [1 + 2]-Condensation with Fluxional Arylacetylene-Derived Dialdehydes. Org Lett 2011; 13:2602-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200574x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Iwaniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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