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Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, Lou HX. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18967-18978. [PMID: 38973592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent-pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent-pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent-pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Hou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ru Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 429, Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 200213, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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2
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Starosotnikov AM, Bastrakov MA. Heterocycles
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Dearomatization Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Properties and Mechanisms of Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases and Their Applications in Natural Product Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052622. [PMID: 35269764 PMCID: PMC8910399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are usually highly complicated organic molecules with special scaffolds, and they are an important resource in medicine. Natural products with complicated structures are produced by enzymes, and this is still a challenging research field, its mechanisms requiring detailed methods for elucidation. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) catalyze many oxidation reactions with chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivity, and they are involved in the synthesis of many natural products. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms for different FMOs, with the classical FAD (C4a)-hydroperoxide as the major oxidant. We also summarize the difference between FMOs and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) monooxygenases emphasizing the advantages of FMOs and their specificity for substrates. Finally, we present examples of FMO-catalyzed synthesis of natural products. Based on these explanations, this review will expand our knowledge of FMOs as powerful enzymes, as well as implementation of the FMOs as effective tools for biosynthesis.
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4
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Xu J, Song Y, He J, Dong S, Lin L, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Vinylogous Addition Reactions Initiated by Meinwald Rearrangement of Vinyl Epoxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14521-14527. [PMID: 33826200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric multiple vinylogous addition reactions initiated by Meinwald rearrangement of vinyl epoxides were realized by employing chiral N,N'-dioxide/ScIII complex catalysts. The vinyl epoxides, as masked β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes, via direct vinylogous additions with isatins, 2-alkenoylpyridines or methyleneindolinones, provided a facile and efficient way for the synthesis of chiral 3-hydroxy-3-substituted oxindoles, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and spiro-cyclohexene indolinones, respectively with high efficiency and stereoselectivity. The control experiments and kinetic studies revealed that the Lewis acid acted as dual-tasking catalyst, controlling the initial rearrangement to match subsequent enantioselective vinylogous addition reactions. A catalytic cycle with a possible transition model was proposed to illustrate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yanji Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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5
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Xu J, Song Y, He J, Dong S, Lin L, Feng X. Asymmetric Catalytic Vinylogous Addition Reactions Initiated by Meinwald Rearrangement of Vinyl Epoxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yanji Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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6
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Zheng H, Xue XS. Recent Computational Studies on Mechanisms of Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Promoted Dearomatization of Phenols. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200620223218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine-promoted dearomatization of phenols has received intense
attention. This mini-review summarizes recent computational mechanistic studies of phenolic
dearomatizations promoted by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents or catalysts. The first part
of this review describes mechanisms of racemic dearomatization of phenols, paying special
attention to the associative and dissociative pathways. The second part focuses on mechanisms
and selectivities of diastereo- or enantio-selective dearomatization of phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanliang Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Shi Y, Li S, Lu Y, Zhao Z, Li P, Xu J. Microwave-assisted organic acid–base-co-catalyzed tandem Meinwald rearrangement and annulation of styrylepoxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2131-2134. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted acid and base co-catalyzed strategy shows very high efficiency in the tandem reaction for the conversion of styrylepoxides into [1,1′-biaryl]-3-carbaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Zizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Pingfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
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8
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Trajkovic M, Ferjancic Z, Saicic RN, Bihelovic F. Enantioselective Synthesis of the Platensimycin Core by Silver(I)‐Promoted Cyclization of Δ 6‐α‐Iodoketone. Chemistry 2019; 25:4340-4344. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Trajkovic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Zorana Ferjancic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
| | - Radomir N. Saicic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Knez Mihailova 35 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Belgrade Studentski trg 16, POB 51 11158 Belgrade 118 Serbia
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9
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Hackel T, McGrath NA. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Reactions Using Silanes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030432. [PMID: 30691072 PMCID: PMC6384582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of an electron-deficient, air stable, and commercially available Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane has recently been comprehensively explored. While being as reactive as its distant cousin boron trichloride, it has been shown to be much more stable and capable of catalyzing a variety of powerful transformations, even in the presence of water. The focus of this review will be to highlight those catalytic reactions that utilize a silane as a stoichiometric reductant in conjunction with tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane in the reduction of alcohols, carbonyls, or carbonyl-like derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hackel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin⁻La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Nicholas A McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin⁻La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
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10
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Defieber C, Mohr JT, Grabovyi GA, Stoltz BM. Short Enantioselective Formal Synthesis of (-)-Platencin. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018; 50:4359-4368. [PMID: 31061542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A short enantioselective formal synthesis of the antibiotic natural product platencin is reported. Key steps in the synthesis include enantioselective decarboxylation alkylation, aldehyde/olefin radical cyclization, and regioselective aldol cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Defieber
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin T Mohr
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Gennadii A Grabovyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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11
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Smith BR, Njardarson JT. [2.2.2]- to [3.2.1]-Bicycle Skeletal Rearrangement Approach to the Gibberellin Family of Natural Products. Org Lett 2018; 20:2993-2996. [PMID: 29722990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic studies toward the gibberellin family of natural products are reported. An oxidative dearomatization/Diels-Alder cascade assembles the carbon skeleton as a [2.2.2]-bicycle, which is then transformed to the [3.2.1]-bicyclic gibberellin core via a novel Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement. Strategic synthetic handles allow for late-stage modification of the gibberellin skeleton and provides efficient access to this important family of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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12
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Tri(pentaflurophenyl)borane-catalyzed reduction of cyclic imides with hydrosilanes: Synthesis of pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Lucas KM, Kleman AF, Sadergaski LR, Jolly CL, Bollinger BS, Mackesey BL, McGrath NA. Versatile, mild, and selective reduction of various carbonyl groups using an electron-deficient boron catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:5774-8. [PMID: 27005847 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00127k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and selective new method was discovered to reduce acetanilides and other carbonyl compounds. Unlike sodium borohydride, which is selective in reducing aldehydes and ketones, this new protocol is uniquely selective in reducing acetanilides and nitriles over other carbonyl containing functional groups. Additionally, β-ketoamides were shown to be reduced at the ketone preferentially over the amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Lucas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Adam F Kleman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Luke R Sadergaski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Caitlyn L Jolly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Brady S Bollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Brittany L Mackesey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
| | - Nicholas A McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
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14
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Brill ZG, Condakes ML, Ting CP, Maimone TJ. Navigating the Chiral Pool in the Total Synthesis of Complex Terpene Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11753-11795. [PMID: 28293944 PMCID: PMC5638449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pool of abundant chiral terpene building blocks (i.e., "chiral pool terpenes") has long served as a starting point for the chemical synthesis of complex natural products, including many terpenes themselves. As inexpensive and versatile starting materials, such compounds continue to influence modern synthetic chemistry. This review highlights 21st century terpene total syntheses which themselves use small, terpene-derived materials as building blocks. An outlook to the future of research in this area is highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Matthew L. Condakes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chi P. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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15
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Subba Reddy BV, Nair PN, Antony A, Srivastava N. Recent Advances in Prins Spirocyclization. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semio Chemicals; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Preethi Narayanan Nair
- Centre for Semio Chemicals; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Aneesh Antony
- Centre for Semio Chemicals; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
| | - Nikhil Srivastava
- Centre for Semio Chemicals; CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad India
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16
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Smith BR, Njardarson JT. Double-Diels–Alder Approach to Maoecrystal V. Unexpected C–C Bond-Forming Fragmentations of the [2.2.2]-Bicyclic Core. Org Lett 2017; 19:5316-5319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T. Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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17
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A brief history of antibiotics and select advances in their synthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:153-184. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Clarke AK, Liddon JTR, Cuthbertson JD, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Dearomatisation approaches to spirocyclic dienones via the electrophilic activation of alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:233-245. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02426b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Two simple metal-mediated dearomatising spirocyclisation protocols to generate spirocyclic dienones from anisole and phenol-tethered ynones in high yields are described.
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19
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Discolo CA, Graves AG, Deardorff DR. Regio- and Stereospecific C- and O-Allylation of Phenols via π-Allyl Pd Complexes Derived from Allylic Ester Carbonates. J Org Chem 2016; 82:1034-1045. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Discolo
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Alexander G. Graves
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
| | - Donald R. Deardorff
- Department of Chemistry, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041, United States
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20
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Kou KGM, Li BX, Lee JC, Gallego GM, Lebold TP, DiPasquale AG, Sarpong R. Syntheses of Denudatine Diterpenoid Alkaloids: Cochlearenine, N-Ethyl-1α-hydroxy-17-veratroyldictyzine, and Paniculamine. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10830-3. [PMID: 27525345 PMCID: PMC5076861 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The denudatine-type diterpenoid alkaloids cochlearenine, N-ethyl-1α-hydroxy-17-veratroyldictyzine, and paniculamine have been synthesized for the first time (25, 26, and 26 steps from 16, respectively). These syntheses take advantage of a common intermediate (8) that we have previously employed in preparing aconitine-type natural products. The syntheses reported herein complete the realization of a unified strategy for the preparation of C20, C19, and C18 diterpenoid alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. M. Kou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Beryl X. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | | | - Antonio G. DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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21
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Shang R, Liang J, Yi Y, Liu Y, Wang J. Review of Platensimycin and Platencin: Inhibitors of β-Ketoacyl-acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Synthase III (FabH). Molecules 2015; 20:16127-41. [PMID: 26404223 PMCID: PMC6332302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platensimycin and platencin were successively discovered from the strain Streptomyces platensis through systematic screening. These natural products have been defined as promising agents for fighting multidrug resistance in bacteria by targeting type II fatty acid synthesis with slightly different mechanisms. Bioactivity studies have shown that platensimycin and platencin offer great potential to inhibit many resistant bacteria with no cross-resistance or toxicity observed in vivo. This review summarizes the general information on platensimycin and platencin, including antibacterial and self-resistant mechanisms. Furthermore, the total synthesis pathways of platensimycin and platencin and their analogues from recent studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Jiatu Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Tandem C-H oxidation/cyclization/rearrangement and its application to asymmetric syntheses of (-)-brussonol and (-)-przewalskine E. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7332. [PMID: 26081438 PMCID: PMC4557391 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a vital source of lead compounds in drug discovery. Development of efficient tandem reactions to build useful compounds and apply them to the synthesis of natural products is not only a significant challenge but also an important goal for chemists. Here we describe a tandem C–H oxidation/cyclization/rearrangement of isochroman-derived allylic silylethers, promoted by DDQ and InCl3. This method allows the efficient construction of tricyclic benzoxa[3.2.1]octanes with a wide substrate scope. We employ this tandem reaction to achieve the asymmetric total syntheses of (−)-brussonol and (−)-przewalskine E. The ability to form complex molecular architectures from simpler precursors is important for drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors report a cascade reaction giving access to tricyclic products and apply it in the total synthesis of two natural products.
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Oestreich M, Hermeke J, Mohr J. A unified survey of Si-H and H-H bond activation catalysed by electron-deficient boranes. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2202-20. [PMID: 25679769 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The bond activation chemistry of B(C6F5)3 and related electron-deficient boranes is currently experiencing a renaissance due to the fascinating development of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). B(C6F5)3's ability to catalytically activate Si-H bonds through η(1) coordination opened the door to several unique reduction processes. The ground-breaking finding that the same family of fully or partially fluorinated boron Lewis acids allows for the related H-H bond activation, either alone or as a component of an FLP, brought considerable momentum into the area of transition-metal-free hydrogenation and, likewise, hydrosilylation. This review comprehensively summarises synthetic methods involving borane-catalysed Si-H and H-H bond activation. Systems corresponding to an FLP-type situation are not covered. Aside from the broad manifold of C=X bond reductions and C=X/C-X defunctionalisations, dehydrogenative (oxidative) Si-H couplings are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Vitaku E, Njardarson JT. Formation of Fused Aromatic Architectures via an Oxidative Dearomatization - Radical Cyclization Rearomatization Approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3550-3552. [PMID: 26236054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new mild C-C bond forming cyclization approach of catechol derivatives is reported. This approach relies on an initial dearomatization step using lead (IV) acetate followed by a carefully controlled radical cyclization step, which under the reaction conditions also facilitates rearomatization. Triethylborane is the key to the success of this reaction as it enables the reaction to proceed at low temperatures and is also believed to aid rearomatization. The amount and ratio of triethylborane and reducing agent (tributyltinhydride) that is employed as well as the concentration the reaction is run at are all essential to the success of this new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edon Vitaku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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25
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Maertens G, L'Homme C, Canesi S. Total synthesis of natural products using hypervalent iodine reagents. Front Chem 2015; 2:115. [PMID: 25601909 PMCID: PMC4283662 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a review of natural product syntheses accomplished in our laboratory during the last 5 years. Each synthetic route features a phenol dearomatization promoted by an environmentally benign hypervalent iodine reagent. The dearomatizations demonstrate the "aromatic ring umpolung" concept, and involve stereoselective remodeling of the inert unsaturations of a phenol into a highly functionalized key intermediate that may contain a quaternary carbon center and a prochiral dienone system. Several new oxidative strategies were employed, including transpositions (1,3-alkyl shift and Prins-pinacol), a polycyclization, an ipso rearrangement, and direct nucleophilic additions at the phenol para position. Several alkaloids, heterocyclic compounds, and a polycyclic core have been achieved, including sceletenone (a serotonin reuptake inhibitor), acetylaspidoalbidine (an antitumor agent), fortucine (antiviral and antitumor), erysotramidine (curare-like effect), platensimycin (an antibiotic), and the main core of a kaurane diterpene (immunosuppressive agent and stimulator of apoptosis). These concise and in some cases enantioselective syntheses effectively demonstrate the importance of hypervalent iodine reagents in the total synthesis of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Canesi
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse de Produits Naturels, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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26
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Jiao ZW, Tu YQ, Zhang Q, Liu WX, Wang SH, Wang M. Formal synthesis of (−)-platensimycin. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient formal synthesis of (−)-platensimycin was completed by using a tandem C–H oxidation/C–C coupling (cyclization)/rearrangement as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Jiao
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xing Liu
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
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27
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Eey STC, Lear MJ. Total Synthesis of (−)-Platensimycin by Advancing Oxocarbenium- and Iminium-Mediated Catalytic Methods. Chemistry 2014; 20:11556-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Guo B, Vitaku E, Njardarson JT. Mild stereoselective formation of tri- and tetrasubstituted olefins by regioselective ring opening of 1,1-disubstituted vinyl oxiranes with dialkyl dithiophosphates. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun He
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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30
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Yang Q, Draghici C, Njardarson JT, Li F, Smith BR, Das P. Evolution of an oxidative dearomatization enabled total synthesis of vinigrol. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:330-44. [PMID: 24258093 PMCID: PMC3901359 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the synthetic strategy resulting in a total synthesis of vinigrol is presented. Oxidative dearomatization/intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition has served as the successful cornerstone for all of the approaches. Extensive radical cyclization efforts to form the tetracyclic core resulted in interesting and surprising reaction outcomes, none of which could be advanced to vinigrol. These cyclization obstacles were successfully overcome by using Heck instead of radical cyclizations. The total synthesis features a trifluoroethyl ether protecting group being used for the first time in organic synthesis. The logic of its selection and the group's importance beyond protecting the C8a hydroxyl group is presented along with a discussion of strategies for its removal. Because of the compact tetracyclic cage the route is built around many unusual reaction observations and solutions have emerged. For example, a first of its kind Grob fragmentation reaction featuring a trifluoroethyl leaving group has been uncovered, interesting interrupted selenium dioxide allylic oxidations have been observed as well as intriguing catalyst and counterion dependent directed hydrogenations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cristian Draghici
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jon T. Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Fax: (+1) 520-621-8407; Tel: (+1) 520 621-0754
| | | | - Brandon R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Fax: (+1) 520-621-8407; Tel: (+1) 520 621-0754
| | - Pradipta Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Fax: (+1) 520-621-8407; Tel: (+1) 520 621-0754
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31
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Majumdar KC, Sinha B. Coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au) in the synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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32
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Ilardi EA, Njardarson JT. Ring Expansions of Vinyloxiranes, -thiiranes, and -aziridines: Synthetic Approaches, Challenges, and Catalytic Success Stories. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9533-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401776s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Ilardi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T. Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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33
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Yang W, He S, Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Lee CS. Formal Syntheses of (±)-Platensimycin and (±)-Platencin via a Dual-Mode Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization Approach. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7912-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401105q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuzhong He
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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34
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Zhu L, Han Y, Du G, Lee CS. A Bifunctional Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization to the Tricyclic Core of ent-Kaurenoids and Its Application to the Formal Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2013; 15:524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3033412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yejian Han
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangyan Du
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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35
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Wu KJ, Dai LX, You SL. Palladium(0)-catalyzed intramolecular dearomative arylation of pyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8620-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Mack DJ, Njardarson JT. Syntheses and Structural Confirmations of Members of a Heterocycle-Containing Family of Labdane Diterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Mack DJ, Njardarson JT. Syntheses and structural confirmations of members of a heterocycle-containing family of labdane diterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1543-7. [PMID: 23255166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Mack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA
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38
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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39
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Miller Y, Miao L, Hosseini AS, Chemler SR. Copper-catalyzed intramolecular alkene carboetherification: synthesis of fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofurans. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12149-56. [PMID: 22720755 PMCID: PMC3430129 DOI: 10.1021/ja3034075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofuran scaffolds are found in a number of natural products and biologically active compounds. A new copper-catalyzed intramolecular carboetherification of alkenes for the synthesis of bicyclic tetrahydrofurans is reported herein. The reaction involves Cu-catalyzed intramolecular addition of alcohols to unactivated alkenes and subsequent aryl C-H functionalization provides the C-C bond. Mechanistic studies indicate a primary carbon radical intermediate is involved and radical addition to the aryl ring is the likely C-C bond-forming mechanism. Preliminary catalytic enantioselective reactions are promising (up to 75% ee) and provide evidence that copper is involved in the alkene addition step, likely through a cis-oxycupration mechanism. Catalytic enantioselective alkene carboetherification reactions are rare and future development of this new method into a highly enantioselective process is promising. During the course of the mechanistic studies a protocol for alkene hydroetherification was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Azade S. Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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40
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Mack DJ, Guo B, Njardarson JT. Synthesis of allylic and homoallylic alcohols from unsaturated cyclic ethers using a mild and selective C-O reduction approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7844-6. [PMID: 22751476 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated cyclic ethers can be mildly and selectively reduced with catalytic amounts of B(C(6)F(5))(3) in the presence of an alkylsilane. The allylic position is preferentially reduced with minimal or no scrambling of olefin geometry. For electronically equivalent substrates, steric factors guide the reducing agent to the least substituted site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Mack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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41
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Mack DJ, Njardarson JT. New mechanistic insights into the copper catalyzed ring expansion of vinyl aziridines: evidence in support of a copper(i) mediated pathway. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc21007j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Beaulieu MA, Guérard KC, Maertens G, Sabot C, Canesi S. Oxidative Prins-Pinacol Tandem Process Mediated by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent: Scope, Limitations, and Applications. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9460-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2019027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Beaulieu
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse
de Produits Naturels, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville,
Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
| | - Kimiaka C. Guérard
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse
de Produits Naturels, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville,
Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Maertens
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse
de Produits Naturels, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville,
Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
| | - Cyrille Sabot
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse
de Produits Naturels, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville,
Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Canesi
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie et Synthèse
de Produits Naturels, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville,
Montréal, H3C 3P8 Québec, Canada
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43
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Platensimycin and platencin: promising antibiotics for future application in human medicine. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:705-10. [PMID: 21915133 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin and platencin are novel antibiotics produced by Streptomyces platensis. They are potent and non-toxic natural products active against Gram-positive pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They were isolated using an intriguing target-based whole-cell antisense differential sensitivity assay as inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis of type II. This type of biosynthesis is not present in humans. Platensimycin inhibits the elongation-condensing enzyme FabF, whereas platencin inhibits both FabF and FabH. For these antibiotics to become successful drugs, their pharmacokinetics must be improved. They have too high a rate of clearance in the body, yielding a low degree of systematic exposure. They work well when administered by continuous infusion, but this is not a useful method of delivery to patients. The two antibiotics and many analogs have been prepared by chemical synthesis. Natural congeners have also been obtained from the producing actinomycete. However, none of these molecules are as active as platensimycin and platencin. Using tools of rational metabolic engineering, superior strains have been produced making hundreds of times more antibiotic than the natural strains.
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Roche SP, Porco JA. Dearomatization strategies in the synthesis of complex natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4068-93. [PMID: 21506209 PMCID: PMC4136767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1008] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evolution in the field of the total synthesis of natural products has led to exciting developments over the last decade. Numerous chemoselective and enantioselective methodologies have emerged from total syntheses, resulting in efficient access to many important natural product targets. This Review highlights recent developments concerning dearomatization, a powerful strategy for the total synthesis of architecturally complex natural products wherein planar, aromatic scaffolds are converted to three-dimensional molecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane P. Roche
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (USA)
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development, Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215 (USA)
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Roche SP, Porco JA. Desaromatisierungsstrategien in der Synthese strukturell komplexer Naturstoffe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Oblak EZ, Wright DL. Highly Substituted Oxabicyclic Derivatives from Furan: Synthesis of (±)-Platensimycin. Org Lett 2011; 13:2263-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2005775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Zachary Oblak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Dennis L. Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Wang J, Sintim HO. Dialkylamino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic Acids as Easily Synthesized Analogues of Platensimycin and Platencin with Comparable Antibacterial Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:3352-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zheng JC, Yun SY, Sun C, Lee NK, Lee D. Selectivity Control in Alkylidene Carbene-Mediated C−H Insertion and Allene Formation. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1086-99. [PMID: 21244086 DOI: 10.1021/jo102180f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sang Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Chunrui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nam-Kyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Hirai S, Nakada M. Enantioselective divergent approaches to both (−)-platensimycin and (−)-platencin. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Palanichamy K, Subrahmanyam AV, Kaliappan KP. A radical cyclization approach to the formal total syntheses of platencin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7877-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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