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Zhong H, Meng Q, Mei B, Thawko A, Yan C, Liu N, Mao X, Wang Z, Wysocki G, Truhlar DG, Ju Y. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Singlet Oxygen Atom Reaction with Dimethyl Ether. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6158-6165. [PMID: 38836585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We combine in situ laser spectroscopy, quantum chemistry, and kinetic calculations to study the reaction of a singlet oxygen atom with dimethyl ether. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy and Faraday rotation spectroscopy are used for the detection and quantification of the reaction products OH, H2O, HO2, and CH2O on submillisecond time scales. Fitting temporal profiles of products with simulations using an in-house reaction mechanism allows product branching to be quantified at 30, 60, and 150 Torr. The experimentally determined product branching agrees well with master equation calculations based on electronic structure data and transition state theory. The calculations demonstrate that the dimethyl peroxide (CH3OOCH3) generated via O-insertion into the C-O bond undergoes subsequent dissociation to CH3O + CH3O through energetically favored reactions without an intrinsic barrier. This O-insertion mechanism can be important for understanding the fate of biofuels leaking into the atmosphere and for plasma-based biofuel processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Qinghui Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Bowen Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Andy Thawko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Xingqian Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Gerard Wysocki
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yiguang Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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2
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Song Z, Chao X, Sahlberg AL. Temperature and Thermal Diffusivity Diagnostics in Laminar Methane Flames Using Infrared Four-Wave Mixing Techniques. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:538-550. [PMID: 38409815 PMCID: PMC11070122 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241233609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Four-wave mixing techniques, such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), laser-induced grating spectroscopy (LIGS), and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM), have been widely used in combustion diagnostics due to their advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), coherent signal, and spatial resolution. In this work, a nano-second pulsed laser is utilized to generate mid-infrared (near 3 µm) pump beams, exciting the rovibrational transitions of nascent water in flames. Combined LIGS and DFWM measurements are demonstrated in premixed laminar CH4/O2/N2 flames with equivalence ratios from 0.6 to 1.5, to achieve precise thermometry in a wide range of flame conditions. The flame temperatures were also measured by thermocouple as a reference, and the results from LIGS and DFWM align well with the trends shown in the thermocouple measurements. In fuel-lean flames, where the mass-to-specific-heat ratio variation is minimal, LIGS provides temperature data with a precision better than 16 K (0.8%). In fuel-rich flames, where the increased H2 concentration in the flame introduces uncertainty in gas constants thus affecting the accuracy of LIGS thermometry, DFWM is instead employed for temperature measurement since it is less sensitive to the gas composition within the measured volume. The high-precision LIGS temperatures in lean flames serve as temperature reference during the DFWM calibration of the degree of saturation, and a precision better than 90 K (4.5%) is achieved for DFWM thermometry. In addition to temperature, a theoretical model is employed to fit LIGS signal time waveforms, extracting the local speed of sound and thermal diffusivity with precisions better than 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively. These high-precision measurements contribute additional data for flame research and simulation calculations. This way, the combined use of DFWM and LIGS proves the potential for accurate thermometry and diagnostics of other thermodynamic parameters across a wide range of flame conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Song
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chao
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anna-Lena Sahlberg
- Combustion Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Li T, Chen S, Li J, Zhu Q, Li Z. Accurate Kinetics of Cyclization Reactions of the Large-Size Hydroperoxy Methyl-Ester Radicals Investigated by the Isodesmic Reaction Correction Method. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10253-10267. [PMID: 38015153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The cyclization reactions of hydroperoxymethylester radicals are pivotal in low-temperature methyl-ester combustion but limited experimental and theoretical kinetic data pose challenges. Prior research has drawn upon analogous hydroperoxy alkyl radical cyclization reactions to approximate rate constants and might inaccurately represent ester group-specific behavior. This study systematically investigates these kinetics, accounting for ester group effects and computational complexities in large molecular systems. The reactions are categorized into 11 classes based on cyclic transition state size and -OOH/radical positions. Energy barriers and high-pressure-limit rate constants are calculated using the isodesmic reaction correction method, validated, and applied to 24 subclasses based on carbon sites connected to -OOH and radical moieties. Subclass high-pressure-limit rate rules are derived through averaging rate constants. Analysis reveals uncertainties within acceptable chemical accuracy limits, validating the reaction classification and rate rules. We conduct comparative analyses with values from analogous alkyl reactions in established mechanisms while comparing our results with the high-pressure-limit rate rules for analogous alkane reactions. These comparisons reveal notable disparities, emphasizing the ester group's influence and necessitating tailored ester-specific rate rules. These findings hold promise for improving automatic reaction mechanism generation, particularly for large methyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Juanqin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zerong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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4
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Li T, Li J, Chen S, Zhu Q, Li Z. Investigating the kinetics of the intramolecular H-migration reaction class of methyl-ester peroxy radicals in low-temperature oxidation mechanisms of biodiesel. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32078-32092. [PMID: 37982313 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising, sustainable, and carbon-neutral fuel. However, studying its combustion mechanisms comprehensively, both theoretically and experimentally, presents challenges due to the complexity and size of its molecules. One significant obstacle in determining low-temperature oxidation mechanisms for biodiesel is the lack of kinetic parameters for the reaction class of intramolecular H-migration reactions of alkyl-ester peroxy radicals, labeled as R(CO)OR'-OO˙ (where the 'dot' represents the radical). Current biodiesel combustion mechanisms often estimate these parameters from the analogous reaction class of intramolecular H-migration reactions of alkyl peroxy radicals in alkane combustion mechanisms. However, such estimations are imprecise and neglect the unique characteristics of the ester group. This research aims to explore the kinetics of the reaction class of H-migration reactions of methyl-ester peroxy radicals. The reaction class is divided into 20 subclasses based on the newly formed cycle size of the transition state, the positions of the peroxy radical and the transferred H atom, and the types of carbons from which the H atom is transferred. Energy barriers for each subclass are calculated by using the CBS-QB3//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) method. High-pressure-limit and pressure-dependent rate constants ranging from 0.01 to 100 atm are determined using the transition state theory and Rice-Ramsberger-Kassel-Marcus/master-equation method, respectively. It is noted that the pressure-dependent rate constants calculated for each individual isomerization channel could bring some uncertainties while neglecting the interconnected pathways. A comprehensive comparison is made between our values of selected reactions and high-level calculated values of the corresponding reactions reported in the literature. The small deviation observed between these values indicates the accuracy and reliability of the energy barriers and rate constants calculated in this study. Additionally, our calculated high-pressure-limit rate constants are compared with the corresponding values in combustion mechanisms of esters, which were estimated based on analogous reactions of alkyl peroxy radicals. These comparative analyses shed light on the significant impact of the ester group on the kinetics, particularly when the ester group is involved in the reaction center. Finally, the high-pressure-limit rate rule and pressure-dependent rate rule for each subclass are derived by averaging the rate constants of reactions in each subclass. The accurate and reasonable rate rules for methyl-ester peroxy radicals developed in this study play a crucial role in enhancing our understanding of the low-temperature oxidation mechanisms of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Juanqin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Quan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zerong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Bao Y, Liu X, He Z, Shi J. Theoretical study of hydrogen abstraction by HO 2 radicals from primary straight chain amines C nH 2n+1-NH 2 ( n = 1-4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:19943-19951. [PMID: 37458728 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01676e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen abstraction reactions by HO2 radicals from four primary amines including methylamine (MA), ethylamine (EA), n-propylamine (PA), and n-butylamine (BA), are investigated and the effect of the functional group on rate constants at different reaction sites is examined. A hybrid functional BH&HLYP coupled with cc-pVTZ as the basis set is utilized to determine geometry optimizations, frequencies, and connections between transition states and corresponding local minima. By comparing the reaction energies obtained by several density functional theory methods to those obtained using the gold-standard CCSD(T)/CBS(T-Q) method, the M08-HX/maug-cc-pVTZ combination is identified as the best suitable method with a mean unsigned deviation of 0.81 kcal mol-1. This method is then applied to construct the potential energy surface for all the reaction systems. High-pressure limit rate constants at 500-2500 K are calculated through variation transition state theory and conventional transition state theory, including a one-dimensional hindered rotor treatment and asymmetrical Eckart tunneling correction. The branching ratio analysis suggests that the hydrogen abstraction at the C site adjacent to the NH2 functional group (α reaction site) dominates the reactions. Linear Bell-Evans-Polanyi and Bell-Evans correlations are observed for the hydrogen abstractions at the C reaction sites. Furthermore, a scheme to estimate the rate constants for the CnH2n+1-NH2 + HO2 reaction system is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- SiChuan SanLian New Materials Co.,Ltd, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Chengdu Science and Technology Development Center of CAEP, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China.
| | - Zezhou He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jinchun Shi
- Chengdu Science and Technology Development Center of CAEP, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China.
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Mukeba CT, Isamura BK, Mudogo V, Katshiatshia HM, Muya JT. Bond dissociation energies of ethyl valerate and tripropionin. J Mol Model 2023; 29:261. [PMID: 37482544 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Due to the expected decrease in the availability of conventional oils, numerous studies are currently underway to find complementary sources of energy. Among the explored avenue is that of biofuels. Ethyl valerate (ETV) and tripropionin (TPP) are two biofuels whose thermal decomposition has not received the attention it deserves. Herein, we have evaluated the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDHs) to predict how easy it is to break some bonds in these compounds, and subsequently contribute to revealing the initiation step in their combustion reactions. Our computations consistently predict C4-C5 and C1-C2 bonds in ETV and TPP as the weakest bonds, likely to break first and initiate the thermal decomposition of these two compounds, respectively. The conformational changes in ETV and TPP have only a small influence on the BDHs of 1 kcal/mol at M06-2X/6-311 + G(3df,2p). B3LYP and ωB97XD appear to be the most affordable methods for estimating BDHs at 6-31G(d,p) as they give good results for ETV (RMSD: 2.94 kcal/mol and 3.22 kcal/mol) and performed better than CBS-QB3 (RMSD: 3.64 kcal/mol). Using a larger basis set, the M06-2X (RMSD: 3.61 kcal/mol) and ωB97XD (RMSD: 3.51 kcal/mol) functionals are found to provide the most accurate predictions at 6-311 + G(3df,2p) as compared to G4MP2. METHODS BDHs of ETV and TPP are computed using density functional theory (DFT) and quantum chemistry composite methods at 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311 + G(3df,2p) levels. Because of its reliability and accuracy in thermochemical calculations, the G4MP2 theory is used as a reference to gauge the performance of DFT methods. All the calculations were carried out using the Gaussian 09 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tshikala Mukeba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bienfait Kabuyaya Isamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, Great Britain
| | - Virima Mudogo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences and Technologies, Kinshasa, B.P. 8401, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Haddy Mbuyi Katshiatshia
- Research Center for Renewable Energy, Polytechnics Faculty, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Research Center for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics in Central Africa, Faculty of Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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7
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Douroudgari H, Zarepour H, Vahedpour M, Jaberi M, Zarepour M. The atmospheric relevance of primary alcohols and imidogen reactions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9150. [PMID: 37277419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic alcohols as very volatile compounds play a crucial role in the air quality of the atmosphere. So, the removal processes of such compounds are an important atmospheric challenge. The main goal of this research is to discover the atmospheric relevance of degradation paths of linear alcohols by imidogen with the aid of simulation by quantum mechanical (QM) methods. To this end, we combine broad mechanistic and kinetic results to get more accurate information and to have a deeper insight into the behavior of the designed reactions. Thus, the main and necessary reaction pathways are explored by well-behaved QM methods for complete elucidation of the studying gaseous reactions. Moreover, the potential energy surfaces as a main factor are computed for easier judging of the most probable pathways in the simulated reactions. Our attempt to find the occurrence of the considered reactions in the atmospheric conditions is completed by precisely evaluating the rate constants of all elementary reactions. All of the computed bimolecular rate constants have a positive dependency on both temperature and pressure. The kinetic results show that H-abstraction from the α carbon is dominant relative to the other sites. Finally, by the results of this study, we conclude that at moderate temperatures and pressures primary alcohols can degrade with imidogen, so they can get atmospheric relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Douroudgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 38791-45371, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hadi Zarepour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 38791-45371, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Vahedpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 38791-45371, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Jaberi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 38791-45371, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarepour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, PO Box 38791-45371, Zanjan, Iran
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8
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Pham TV, Trang HTT. Reactions of Methyl Radicals with Aniline Acting as Hydrogen Donors and as Methyl Radical Acceptors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17005-17016. [PMID: 37214701 PMCID: PMC10193547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation theoretically reports the comprehensive kinetic mechanism of the reaction between aniline and the methyl radical over a wide range of temperatures (300-2000 K) and pressures (76-76,000 Torr). The potential energy surface of the C6H5NH2 + CH3 reaction has been established at the CCSD(T)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory. The conventional transition-state theory (TST) was utilized to calculate rate constants for the elementary reaction channels, while the stochastic RRKM-based master equation framework was applied for the T- and P-dependent rate-coefficient calculation of multiwell reaction paths. Hindered internal rotation and Eckart tunneling treatments were included. The H-abstraction from the -NH2 group of aniline (to form P1 (C6H5NH + CH4)) has been found to compete with the CH3-addition on the C atom at the ortho site of aniline (to form IS2) with the atmospheric rate expressions (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1) as ka1 = 7.5 × 10-23 T3.04 exp[(-40.63 ± 0.29 kJ·mol-1)/RT] and kb2 = 2.29 × 10-3 T-3.19 exp[(-56.94 ± 1.17 kJ·mol-1)/RT] for T = 300-2000 K and P = 760 Torr. Even though rate constants of several reaction channels decrease with increasing pressures, the total rate constant ktotal = 7.71 × 10-17 T1.20 exp[(-40.96 ± 2.18 kJ·mol-1)/RT] of the title reaction still increases as the pressure increases in the range of 76-76,000 Torr. The calculated enthalpy changes for some species are in good agreement with the available experimental data within their uncertainties (the maximum deviation between theory and experiment is ∼11 kJ·mol-1). The T1 diagnostic and spin contamination analysis for all species involved have also been observed. This work provides sound quality rate coefficients for the title reaction, which will be valuable for the development of detailed combustion reaction mechanisms for hydrocarbon fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien V. Pham
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University
of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang T. T. Trang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hanoi Architectural University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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9
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Abstract
Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical compounds used as fuels─energy that is needed for power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial purposes. Because of greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions associated with fossil fuels, combustion science and applications are challenged to abandon conventional pathways and to adapt toward the demand of future carbon neutrality. For the design of efficient, low-emission processes, understanding the details of the relevant chemical transformations is essential. Comprehensive knowledge gained from decades of fossil-fuel combustion research includes general principles for establishing and validating reaction mechanisms and process models, relying on both theory and experiments with a suite of analytic monitoring and sensing techniques. Such knowledge can be advantageously applied and extended to configure, analyze, and control new systems using different, nonfossil, potentially zero-carbon fuels. Understanding the impact of combustion and its links with chemistry needs some background. The introduction therefore combines information on exemplary cultural and technological achievements using combustion and on nature and effects of combustion emissions. Subsequently, the methodology of combustion chemistry research is described. A major part is devoted to fuels, followed by a discussion of selected combustion applications, illustrating the chemical information needed for the future.
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Ding Z, Ge Y, Sar T, Kumar V, Harirchi S, Binod P, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Wu P, Lin F, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ, Awasthi MK. Valorization of tropical fruits waste for production of commercial biorefinery products - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128793. [PMID: 36842509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tropical fruit wastes (TFW) are considered as the major source of food and nutrition in the topical countries. In the recent years, modernization of agriculture has increased the tropical fruit production. Higher fruit production led to an increasing abundance in the tropical fruit waste. In general, the tropical fruit waste has no economic value and ends up in landfill. But in recent years it was observed that the tropical fruit waste can be valorized to produce value-added products ranging from compost, phytochemicals, and food products to biofuels. The tropical fruit waste has great potential to produce useful products in tropical areas. This review literature is an endeavor to understand the major tropical fruit wastes and their composition. The review presents a detailed investigation on tropical fruit waste composition, its conversion potential, role of microbes in waste valorization, production of commercially valuable products and future perspectives in waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Yu Ge
- School of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Ecotoxicity and Bioconversion Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Peicong Wu
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan Province 571101, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | | | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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11
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Hellmuth M, Chen B, Bariki C, Cai L, Cameron F, Wildenberg A, Huang C, Faller S, Ren Y, Beeckmann J, Leonhard K, Heufer KA, Hansen N, Pitsch H. A Comparative Study on the Combustion Chemistry of Two Bio-hybrid Fuels: 1,3-Dioxane and 1,3-Dioxolane. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:286-299. [PMID: 36580040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid fuels are a promising solution to accomplish a carbon-neutral and low-emission future for the transportation sector. Two potential candidates are the heterocyclic acetals 1,3-dioxane (C4H8O2) and 1,3-dioxolane (C3H6O2), which can be produced from the combination of biobased feedstocks, carbon dioxide, and renewable electricity. In this work, comprehensive experimental and numerical investigations of 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane were performed to support their application in internal combustion engines. Ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds were measured to reveal the combustion chemistry on the macroscale, while speciation measurements in a jet-stirred reactor and ethylene-based counterflow diffusion flames provided insights into combustion chemistry and pollutant formation on the microscale. Comparing the experimental and numerical data using either available or proposed kinetic models revealed that the combustion chemistry and pollutant formation differ substantially between 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxolane, although their molecular structures are similar. For example, 1,3-dioxane showed higher reactivity in the low-temperature regime (500-800 K), while 1,3-dioxolane addition to ethylene increased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot formation in high-temperature (>800 K) counterflow diffusion flames. Reaction pathway analyses were performed to examine and explain the differences between these two bio-hybrid fuels, which originate from the chemical bond dissociation energies in their molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hellmuth
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Bingjie Chen
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Chaimae Bariki
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Liming Cai
- School for Automotive Studies, Tongji University, 201804Shanghai, China
| | - Florence Cameron
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina Wildenberg
- Chair of High Pressure Gas Dynamics, Shock Wave Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Can Huang
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Faller
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Yihua Ren
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Beeckmann
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Kai Leonhard
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Alexander Heufer
- Chair of High Pressure Gas Dynamics, Shock Wave Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
| | - Nils Hansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California94551, United States
| | - Heinz Pitsch
- Institute for Combustion Technology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056Aachen, Germany
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12
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Zhang Z, Li A, Ma Z, Zhu L, Huang Z. An experimental and kinetic modeling study on the effects of molecular structure on oxidation of propanol isomers at engine-relevant condition in a variable pressure laminar flow reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Wei X, Sun W, Zhao L. Influence of
n
‐butanol and isomers on the combustion mechanisms of isooctane and coke formation based on
ReaxFF
simulation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weizhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China
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14
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Juárez-Facio AT, Rogez-Florent T, Méausoone C, Castilla C, Mignot M, Devouge-Boyer C, Lavanant H, Afonso C, Morin C, Merlet-Machour N, Chevalier L, Ouf FX, Corbière C, Yon J, Vaugeois JM, Monteil C. Ultrafine Particles Issued from Gasoline-Fuels and Biofuel Surrogates Combustion: A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and In Vitro Toxicological Effects. TOXICS 2022; 11:21. [PMID: 36668747 PMCID: PMC9861194 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second-generation biofuels (B2G) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Unfortunately, compared to the abundant literature on diesel and gasoline emissions, relatively few studies are devoted to alternative fuels and their health effects. This study aimed to compare the adverse effects of gasoline and B2G emissions on human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterized the emissions generated by propane combustion (CAST1), gasoline Surrogate, and B2G consisting of Surrogate blended with anisole (10%) (S+10A) or ethanol (10%) (S+10E). To study the cellular effects, BEAS-2B cells were cultured at air-liquid interface for seven days and exposed to different emissions. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism were measured. mRNA expression analysis was significantly modified by the Surrogate S+10A and S+10E emissions, especially CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Inflammation markers, IL-6 and IL-8, were mainly downregulated doubtless due to the PAHs content on PM. Overall, these results demonstrated that ultrafine particles generated from biofuels Surrogates had a toxic effect at least similar to that observed with a gasoline substitute (Surrogate), involving probably different toxicity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Clément Castilla
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Hélène Lavanant
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Laurence Chevalier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, GPM-UMR6634, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - François-Xavier Ouf
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire, PSN-RES, SCA, LPMA, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile Corbière
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, ABTE UR 4651 F, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Yon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France
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15
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Wu J, Yang X, Gong M. Recent advances in glycerol valorization via electrooxidation: Catalyst, mechanism and device. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Chitarra O, Pirali O, Spaniol JT, Hearne TS, Loison JC, Stanton JF, Martin-Drumel MA. Pure Rotational Spectroscopy of the CH 2CN Radical Extended to the Sub-Millimeter Wave Spectral Region. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7502-7513. [PMID: 36198131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a thorough pure rotational investigation of the CH2CN radical in its ground vibrational state. Our measurements cover the millimeter and sub-millimeter wave spectral regions (79-860 GHz) using a W-band chirped-pulse instrument and a frequency multiplication chain-based spectrometer. The radical was produced in a flow cell at room temperature by H abstraction from acetonitrile using atomic fluorine. The newly recorded transitions of CH2CN (involving N″ and Ka″ up to 42 and 8, respectively) were combined with the literature data, leading to a refinement of the spectroscopic parameters of the species using a Watson S-reduced Hamiltonian. In particular, the A rotational constant and K-dependent parameters are significantly better determined than in previous studies. The present model, which reproduces all experimental transitions to their experimental accuracy, allows for confident searches for the radical in cold to warm environments of the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chitarra
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Pirali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Thibaut Spaniol
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Thomas S Hearne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405Orsay, France
| | | | - John F Stanton
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville32611, Florida, United States
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17
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Yu M, Zhang C, Li X, Liu Y, Li X, Qu J, Dai J, Zhou C, Yuan Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Fu J, Yu H, Wang L, Liu C, Li Y. Pyrolysis of vegetable oil soapstock in fluidized bed: Characteristics of thermal decomposition and analysis of pyrolysis products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155412. [PMID: 35569655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of temperature on pyrolysis of soapstock in a fluidized bed reactor, and the characterization of soapstock chars (SCs) and pyrolysis oils (POs) were analyzed. TGA, TG-FTIR, TG-MS, and Py-GCMS were employed to investigate characteristics of SS pyrolysis. Experimental results indicated that the yield of SC decreased with increasing temperature. Pyrolysis oil (PO) yield reached the maximum of 21.05 wt% at 600 °C and the yield of non-condensable gas varied with temperatures. The content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen distributed in the SC decreased with the increasing temperature, and sulfur tended to be retained in SC during pyrolysis with the distribution ratio of 0.55-0.62. Ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons were the dominate substances in PO, and higher temperature promoted the production of short-chain alkanes and the conversion of alkenes to benzene derivatives. SS pyrolysis can be divided into three stages. Stage I was mainly the evaporation of free water and light organics in the raw material. Decomposition and conversion of organics mainly occurred at stage II. Stage III was the decomposition of CaCO3 and secondary cracking of residual organics. Ca2+ delayed the pyrolysis reaction of fatty acids and promoted decarboxylation which was the main deoxygenation pathway, and alkene production. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of soapstock thermochemical treatment. It is of great significance for the quality improvement of PO and pollution control for pyrolysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junshen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chunbao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hejie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Li
- Nexterra Systems Corp., 650, West Georgia Street, Vancouver V6b 4N8, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Shi G, Song J. Theoretical studies of the reactions of 1-Propanol, and 2-Propanol with hydrogen atom and methyl radical. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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An Experimental and a Kinetic Modelling Study of Ethanol/Acetone/Ethyl Acetate Mixtures. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15092992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
With the world’s energy resources decreasing, ethanol/acetone/ethyl acetate mixed fuel has the potential as a fossil fuel alternative or oxygenated fuel additive. In this work, the burning characteristics of ethanol/acetone/ethyl acetate mixed fuels including 3 pure fuels, 9 binary fuels, and 7 ternary fuels were studied at a temperature of 358 K, the pressure of 1 bar, and the equivalence ratios of 0.7 to 1.4 in the constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). The burning velocities of the ternary fuels were compared at ϕ = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.4. The results show that the laminar burning velocities of the mixed fuels are affected by the contents of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate. The Markstein length, Markstein number, and burning flux were also analyzed in this paper. Furthermore, a detailed chemical mechanism comprising 506 species and 2809 reactions was reduced to a skeletal mechanism including 98 species and 642 reactions, using the directed relation graph with error propagation (DRGEP). The experimental and the simulated laminar burning velocities were compared. The results of laminar burning velocities show that the relative deviation of ETEAAC 112 is approximately 17.5%. The sensitivity coefficients, flame structure, and reaction paths of ethyl acetate were investigated with the skeletal and the detailed mechanisms. It is found that the key reaction path is retained in the skeletal mechanism.
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20
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Zhong J, Li L, Kumar M, Zeng XC, Zhang J, Francisco JS. Solvation and Hydrolysis Reaction of Isocyanic Acid at the Air-Water Interface: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5315-5322. [PMID: 35290046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is known to be inert to strong oxidants and photolysis in the atmosphere but often appears in different forms of smoke; therefore, it is linked to various smoke-related illnesses due to tobacco usage or wildfire events. To date, the major loss pathway of HNCO is believed to be through its uptake on aerosol droplets. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such an uptake process are still incompletely understood. Herein, we use the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations to study solvation and hydrolysis reactions of HNCO on water droplets at ambient temperature. The BOMD simulations indicate that the scavenging of HNCO by water droplets is largely attributed to the preferential adsorption of HNCO at the air-water interface, rather than inside bulk water. Specifically, the H atom of HNCO interacts with the O atom of interfacial water, leading to the formation of a hydrogen bond (H-bond) of (HNCO)H···O(H2O), which prevents HNCO from evaporating. Moreover, the interfacial water can act as H-bond acceptors/donors to promote the proton transfer during the HNCO hydrolysis reaction. Compared to the gas phase, the activation barrier is lowered from 45 to 14 kcal·mol-1 on the water surface, which facilitates the formation of the key intermediate of NH2COOH. This intermediate eventually decomposes into NH3 and CO2, consistent with the previous study [ Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016, 16, 703-714]. The new molecular insight into HNCO solvation and reaction on the water surface improves our understanding of the uptake of HNCO on aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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21
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Mai TVT, Huynh LK. Ab Initio Kinetics of Initial Thermal Pyrolysis of Isopropyl Propionate: A Revisited Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:661-668. [PMID: 35036732 PMCID: PMC8756594 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a detailed mechanism of the initial thermal pyrolysis of isopropyl propionate, (C2H5C(=O)OCH(CH3)2), an important biodiesel additive/surrogate, for a wide range of T = 500-2000 K and P = 7.6-76 000 Torr. The detailed kinetic behaviors of the title reaction on the potential energy surface constructed at the CBS-QB3 level were investigated using the RRKM-based master equation (RRKM-ME) rate model, including hindered internal rotation (HIR) and tunneling corrections. It is revealed that the C3H6 elimination occurring via a six-centered retro-ene transition state is dominant at low temperatures, while the homolytic fission of the C-C bonds becomes more competitive at higher temperatures. The tunneling treatment is found to slightly increase the rate constant at low temperatures (e.g., ∼1.59 times at 563 K), while the HIR treatment, being important at high temperatures, decreases the rate (e.g., by 5.9 times at 2000 K). Showing a good agreement with experiments in low-temperature kinetics, the kinetic model reveals that the pressure effect should be taken into account at high temperatures. Finally, the temperature- and pressure-dependent kinetic mechanism, consisting of the calculated thermodynamic and kinetic data, is provided for further modeling and simulation of any related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam V.-T. Mai
- Molecular
Science and Nano-Materials Lab, Institute for Computational Science
and Technology, SBI Building, Quang Trung
Software City, Tan Chanh
Hiep Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- University
of Science, 227 Nguyen
Van Cu, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Lam K. Huynh
- Vietnam
National University, Ho Chi Minh
City 70000, Vietnam
- International
University, Quarter 6,
Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh
City 70000, Vietnam
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22
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Jonathan A, Dastidar RG, Wang C, Dumesic JA, Huber GW. Effect of catalyst support on cobalt catalysts for ethylene oligomerization into linear olefins. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00531j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the oligomerization activity of a carbon-supported cobalt oxide catalyst is nearly twice as high when it is supported on a less oxidized carbon support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Jonathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Raka G. Dastidar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chengrong Wang
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering, Annandale, NJ, 08801, USA
| | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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23
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Cavallotti C, Della Libera A, Zhou CW, Recio P, Caracciolo A, Balucani N, Casavecchia P. Crossed-beam and theoretical studies of multichannel nonadiabatic reactions: branching fractions and role of intersystem crossing for O(3P)+1,3-butadiene. Faraday Discuss 2022; 238:161-182. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic oxygen reactions can contribute significantly to the oxidation of unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The reaction mechanism is started by electrophilic O atom addition to the unsaturated bond(s) to...
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24
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Harvey JP, Courchesne W, Vo MD, Oishi K, Robelin C, Mahue U, Leclerc P, Al-Haiek A. Greener reactants, renewable energies and environmental impact mitigation strategies in pyrometallurgical processes: A review. MRS ENERGY & SUSTAINABILITY : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2022; 9:212-247. [PMID: 36569468 PMCID: PMC9766879 DOI: 10.1557/s43581-022-00042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Metals and alloys are among the most technologically important materials for our industrialized societies. They are the most common structural materials used in cars, airplanes and buildings, and constitute the technological core of most electronic devices. They allow the transportation of energy over great distances and are exploited in critical parts of renewable energy technologies. Even though primary metal production industries are mature and operate optimized pyrometallurgical processes, they extensively rely on cheap and abundant carbonaceous reactants (fossil fuels, coke), require high power heating units (which are also typically powered by fossil fuels) to calcine, roast, smelt and refine, and they generate many output streams with high residual energy content. Many unit operations also generate hazardous gaseous species on top of large CO2 emissions which require gas-scrubbing and capture strategies for the future. Therefore, there are still many opportunities to lower the environmental footprint of key pyrometallurgical operations. This paper explores the possibility to use greener reactants such as bio-fuels, bio-char, hydrogen and ammonia in different pyrometallurgical units. It also identifies all recycled streams that are available (such as steel and aluminum scraps, electronic waste and Li-ion batteries) as well as the technological challenges associated with their integration in primary metal processes. A complete discussion about the alternatives to carbon-based reduction is constructed around the use of hydrogen, metallo-reduction as well as inert anode electrometallurgy. The review work is completed with an overview of the different approaches to use renewable energies and valorize residual heat in pyrometallurgical units. Finally, strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of pyrometallurgical operations such as CO2 capture utilization and storage as well as gas scrubbing technologies are detailed. This original review paper brings together for the first time all potential strategies and efforts that could be deployed in the future to decrease the environmental footprint of the pyrometallurgical industry. It is primarily intended to favour collaborative work and establish synergies between academia, the pyrometallurgical industry, decision-makers and equipment providers. Graphical abstract Highlights A more sustainable production of metals using greener reactants, green electricity or carbon capture is possible and sometimes already underway. More investments and pressure are required to hasten change. Discussion Is there enough pressure on the aluminum and steel industries to meet the set climate targets?The greenhouse gas emissions of existing facilities can often be partly mitigated by retrofitting them with green technologies, should we close plants prematurely to build new plants using greener technologies?Since green or renewable resources presently have limited availability, in which sector should we use them to maximize their benefits?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Harvey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - William Courchesne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Minh Duc Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Kentaro Oishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Christian Robelin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Ugo Mahue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry (CRCT), Polytechnique Montréal, Station Downtown, Box 6079, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7 Canada
| | - Philippe Leclerc
- R & D and engineering services, LAh Services G.P., Montreal, QC H4N 0A7 Canada
| | - Alexandre Al-Haiek
- R & D and engineering services, LAh Services G.P., Montreal, QC H4N 0A7 Canada
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25
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Wang H, Guan J, Gao J, Li Y, Zhang J, Shan X, Wang Z. Discriminating between the dissociative photoionization and thermal decomposition products of ethylene glycol by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26915-26925. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Landscape of dissociative photoionization and thermal decompositions of ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Shan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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26
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Li Y, Guan J, Wang H, Zhu L, Ye L, Wang Z. Predictive Combustion Kinetics of OH Radical Reactions with a C5 Unsaturated Alcohol: The Competitive H-Abstraction and OH-Addition Reactions of 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10451-10462. [PMID: 34813343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO232) is a potential biofuel and renewable fuel additive. In a combustion environment, the consumption of MBO232 is mainly through the reaction with a OH radical, one of the most important oxidants. Here, we predict the intricate reactions of MBO232 and OH radicals under a broad range of combustion conditions, that is, 230-2500 K and 0.01-1000 atm. The potential energy surfaces of H-abstraction and OH-addition have been investigated at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/def2-TZVP level, and the rate constants were calculated via Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/master equation (RRKM/ME) theory. The decomposition reactions of the critical intermediates from the OH-addition reactions have also been studied. Our results show that OH-addition reactions are dominant below 850 K, while H-abstraction reactions, especially the channel-abstracting H atoms from the methyl groups, are more competitive at higher temperatures. We found that it is necessary to discriminate H atoms attached to the same C atom, as their abstraction rates can differ by up to 1 order of magnitude. The calculated results show good agreement with the reported experimental data. We have provided the modified Arrhenius expressions for rate constants of the dominant channels. The kinetic data determined in this work are of much value for constructing the combustion models of MBO232 and understanding the combustion kinetics and mechanism of other unsaturated alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Hayyan A, Yeow AT, Abed KM, Jeffrey Basirun W, Boon Kiat L, Saleh J, Wen Han G, Chia Min P, Aljohani AS, Zulkifli M, Alajmi FD, Alhumaydhi FA, Kadmouse Aldeehani A, Ali Hashim M. The development of new homogenous and heterogeneous catalytic processes for the treatment of low grade palm oil. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Vanuzzo G, Caracciolo A, Minton TK, Balucani N, Casavecchia P, de Falco C, Baggioli A, Cavallotti C. Crossed-Beam and Theoretical Studies of the O( 3P, 1D) + Benzene Reactions: Primary Products, Branching Fractions, and Role of Intersystem Crossing. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8434-8453. [PMID: 34533308 PMCID: PMC8488941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reliable modeling
of hydrocarbon oxidation relies critically on
knowledge of the branching fractions (BFs) as a function of temperature
(T) and pressure (p) for the products
of the reaction of the hydrocarbon with atomic oxygen in its ground
state, O(3P). During the past decade, we have performed
in-depth investigations of the reactions of O(3P) with
a variety of small unsaturated hydrocarbons using the crossed molecular
beam (CMB) technique with universal mass spectrometric
(MS) detection and time-of-flight (TOF) analysis, combined with synergistic
theoretical calculations of the relevant potential energy surfaces
(PESs) and statistical computations of product BFs, including intersystem
crossing (ISC). This has allowed us to determine the primary products,
their BFs, and extent of ISC to ultimately provide theoretical channel-specific
rate constants as a function of T and p. In this work, we have extended this approach to the oxidation of
one of the most important species involved in the combustion of aromatics:
the benzene (C6H6) molecule. Despite extensive
experimental and theoretical studies on the kinetics and dynamics
of the O(3P) + C6H6 reaction, the
relative importance of the C6H5O (phenoxy) +
H open-shell products and of the spin-forbidden C5H6 (cyclopentadiene) + CO and phenol adduct closed-shell products
are still open issues, which have hampered the development of reliable
benzene combustion models. With the CMB technique, we have investigated
the reaction dynamics of O(3P) + benzene at a collision
energy (Ec) of 8.2 kcal/mol, focusing
on the occurrence of the phenoxy + H and spin-forbidden C5H6 + CO and phenol channels in order to shed further light
on the dynamics of this complex and important reaction, including
the role of ISC. Concurrently, we have also investigated the reaction
dynamics of O(1D) + benzene at the same Ec. Synergistic high-level electronic structure calculations
of the underlying triplet/singlet PESs, including nonadiabatic couplings,
have been performed to complement and assist the interpretation of
the experimental results. Statistical (RRKM)/master equation (ME)
computations of the product distribution and BFs on these PESs, with
inclusion of ISC, have been performed and compared to experiment.
In light of the reasonable agreement between the CMB experiment, literature
kinetic experimental results, and theoretical predictions for the
O(3P) + benzene reaction, the so-validated computational
methodology has been used to predict (i) the BF between the C6H5O + H and C5H6 + CO channels
as a function of collision energy and temperature (at 0.1 and 1 bar),
showing that their increase progressively favors radical (phenoxy
+ H)-forming over molecule (C5H6 + CO and phenol
stabilization)-forming channels, and (ii) channel-specific rate constants
as a function of T and p, which
are expected to be useful for improved combustion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Vanuzzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Caracciolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Timothy K Minton
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Nadia Balucani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Casavecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo de Falco
- MOX - Modellistica e Calcolo Scientifico, Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Baggioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Williams AE, Hammer NI, Tschumper GS. Relative energetics of CH 3CH 2O, CH 3CHOH, and CH 2CH 2OH radical products from ethanol dehydrogenation. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114306. [PMID: 34551536 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study has examined the relative energetics of nine stationary points associated with the three different radical isomers generated by removing a H atom from ethanol at the O atom (ethoxy, CH3CH2O), the α C atom (CH3CHOH), and the β C atom (CH2CH2OH). For the first time, CCSD(T) geometry optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency computations with the cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets have been carried out to characterize two unique minima for each isomer along with three transition state structures with Cs symmetry. Explicitly correlated CCSD(T) computations were also performed to estimate the relative energetics of these nine stationary points near the complete basis set limit. These benchmark results were used to assess the performance of various density functional theory (DFT) and wave function theory methods, and they will help guide method selection for future studies of alcohols and their radicals. The structures generated by abstracting H from the α C atom have significantly lower electronic energies (by at least 7 kcal mol-1) than the CH3CH2O and CH2CH2OH radicals. Although previously reported as a minimum on the ground-state surface, the 2A″ Cs structure of the ethoxy radical was found to be a transition state in this study with MP2, CCSD(T), and a number of DFT methods. An implicit solvation model used in conjunction with DFT and MP2 methods did not qualitatively change the relative energies of the isomers, but the results suggest that the local minima for the CH3CHOH and CH2CH2OH radicals could become more energetically competitive in condensed phase environments, such as liquid water and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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30
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Guzman J, Kukkadapu G, Brezinsky K, Westbrook CK. Oxidation of an
iso
‐paraffinic alcohol‐to‐jet fuel and n‐heptane mixture: An experimental and modeling study. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Guzman
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Kenneth Brezinsky
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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31
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Mechanism investigation on the reaction of methylmethoxy radical with nitrogen monoxide. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Study of the Synchrotron Photoionization Oxidation of Alpha-Angelica Lactone (AAL) Initiated by O( 3P) at 298, 550, and 700 K. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134070. [PMID: 34279410 PMCID: PMC8271512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biofuels have been receiving significant attention because of their potential for decreasing carbon emissions and providing a long-term renewable solution to unsustainable fossil fuels. Currently, lactones are some of the alternatives being produced. Many lactones occur in a range of natural substances and have many advantages over bioethanol. In this study, the oxidation of alpha-angelica lactone initiated by ground-state atomic oxygen, O(3P), was studied at 298, 550, and 700 K using synchrotron radiation coupled with multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL). Photoionization spectra and kinetic time traces were measured to identify the primary products. Ketene, acetaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, methylglyoxal, dimethyl glyoxal, and 5-methyl-2,4-furandione were characterized as major reaction products, with ketene being the most abundant at all three temperatures. Possible reaction pathways for the formation of the observed primary products were computed using the CBS–QB3 composite method.
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33
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Xi S, Xue J, Wang F, Li X. Theoretical Study on Reactions of α-Site Hydroxyethyl and Hydroxypropyl Radicals with O 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5423-5437. [PMID: 34132092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Site alcohol radicals are the most important products of H-abstract reactions from alcohols since the hydroxyl moiety weakens the α-site C-H bond. Reactions between α-site alcohol radicals and O2 play an important role in combustion of alcohols, especially at relatively low temperatures. However, reliable reaction pathways and rate constants for these reactions are still lacking. Theoretical studies on reactions in α-hydroxyethyl radical (CH3C•HOH) + O2 and α-hydroxypropyl radical (C2H5C•HOH and CH3C•OHCH3) + O2 reaction systems are performed in this work. Pressure-dependent rate constants for the involved reactions in a wide range of temperatures are determined using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus/master equation (RRKM/ME) method. Our results show that rate constants for reactions in the α-hydroxypropyl radical + O2 system are quite different from those in the CH3C•HOH + O2 system. Detailed reaction pathways for these reaction systems are clarified, although combustion characteristics of ethanol and propanol do not change much with the obtained rate constants for these reactions. Important reaction channels in producing enols, especially in the combustion of propanol, are also provided. The obtained rate constants for these reactions over a wide range of temperatures and pressures are helpful in developing combustion mechanisms for ethanol and propanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Xi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xue
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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34
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35
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Al Omari RH, Almatarneh MH, Alnajajrah AY, Al-Sheraideh MS, Al Abbad SS, Alsunaidi ZHA. Thermal Degradation and Bimolecular Decomposition of 2-Ethoxyethanol in Binary Ethanol and Isobutanol Solvent Mixtures: A Computational Mechanistic Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13365-13374. [PMID: 34056483 PMCID: PMC8158800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A thorough computational study of a thermal degradation mechanism of 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) in the gas phase has been implemented using G3MP2 and G3B3 methods. The stationary point geometries were optimized at the B3LYP functional utilizing the 6-31G(d) basis set. Intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis was performed to determine the transition states on the potential energy surfaces. Nineteen primary different reaction mechanisms, along with the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, are demonstrated. Most of the thermal degradation mechanisms result in a concerted transition state step as an endothermic process. Among 11 degradation pathways of 2-ethoxyethanol, the formation of ethylene glycol and ethylene is kinetically significant with an activation energy of 269 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. However, the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations indicate that ethanol and ethanal's formation is the most plausible reaction with an activation barrier of 287 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. For the bimolecular dissociation reaction of 2-ethoxyethanol with ethanol, the pathway that produces ether, H2, and ethanol is more likely to occur with a lower activation energy of 221 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. Thus, 2-EE has experienced a set of complex unimolecular and bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima H. Al Omari
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Centre (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mansour H. Almatarneh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed S. Al-Sheraideh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa S. Al Abbad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab H. A. Alsunaidi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Xie X, Zheng S, Sui R, Luo Z, Liu S, Consalvi JL. Effects of Acetylene Addition to the Fuel Stream on Soot Formation and Flame Properties in an Axisymmetric Laminar Coflow Ethylene/Air Diffusion Flame. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10371-10382. [PMID: 34056190 PMCID: PMC8153779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adding acetylene to the fuel stream on soot formation and flame properties were investigated numerically in a laminar axisymmetric coflow ethylene/air diffusion flame using the open-source flame code Co-Flame in conjunction with an elementary gas-phase chemistry scheme and detailed transport and thermodynamic database. Radiation heat transfer of the radiating gases (H2O, C2H2, CO, and CO2) and soot was calculated using a statistical narrow-band correlated-k-based wide band model coupled with the discrete-ordinates method. The soot formation was described by the consecutive steps of soot nucleation, surface growth of soot particles via polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-soot condensation or the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) mechanism, and soot oxidation. The added acetylene affected the flame structure and soot concentration through not only chemical reactions among different species but also radiation effects. The chemical effect due to the added acetylene had a significant impact on soot formation. Specifically, it was confirmed that the addition of 10% acetylene caused an increase in the peak soot volumetric fraction (SVF) by 14.9% and the peak particle number density by about 21.1% (z = 1.5 cm). Furthermore, increasing acetylene concentration led to higher concentrations of propargyl, benzene, and PAHs and consequently directly enhanced soot nucleation rates. In addition, the increased H mole fractions also accentuated the soot surface growth. In contrast, the radiation effect of the addition of 10% acetylene was much weaker, resulting in slightly lower flame temperature and SVF, which in turn reduced the radiant heat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Xie
- School of
Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- School of
Energy, Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ran Sui
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla 65409, Missouri, USA
| | - Zixue Luo
- State Key
Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Shi Liu
- School of
Control and Computer Engineering, North
China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jean-Louis Consalvi
- Aix-Marseille
Université, IUSTI/UMR CNRS 7343, 5 rue E. Fermi, Marseille
Cedex 13 13453, France
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PUL-Mediated Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Utilization in the Gut Bacteroidetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063077. [PMID: 33802923 PMCID: PMC8002723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWP) are abundantly present in the food of humans and feed of livestock. Mammalians by themselves cannot degrade PCWP but rather depend on microbes resident in the gut intestine for deconstruction. The dominant Bacteroidetes in the gut microbial community are such bacteria with PCWP-degrading ability. The polysaccharide utilization systems (PUL) responsible for PCWP degradation and utilization are a prominent feature of Bacteroidetes. In recent years, there have been tremendous efforts in elucidating how PULs assist Bacteroidetes to assimilate carbon and acquire energy from PCWP. Here, we will review the PUL-mediated plant cell wall polysaccharides utilization in the gut Bacteroidetes focusing on cellulose, xylan, mannan, and pectin utilization and discuss how the mechanisms can be exploited to modulate the gut microbiota.
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Li S, Zhang C, Jing Z, Li Y, Yin P, Cai P, Lu A. Development of a Reduced Chemical Reaction Mechanism for n-Pentanol Based on Combined Reduction Methods and Genetic Algorithm. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6448-6459. [PMID: 33718735 PMCID: PMC7948435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To gradually reduce the demand for fossil energy and accelerate energy transformation, alcohol fuels are being vigorously developed and utilized in the world. n-Pentanol as a common alcohol fuel has attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to its many advantages. In this study, a reduced mechanism of n-pentanol containing 148 species and 575 reactions was established based on combined reduction methods including the direct relationship graph with error propagation, reaction pathway analysis, rate of production analysis, and temperature sensitivity analysis methods. Then, the reaction rate parameters were optimized using the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II. A verification experiment for the oxidation of n-pentanol was conducted in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main species mole fractions were quantitatively analyzed in the temperature range 700-1100 K, equivalence ratios of 0.5-2.0, and a pressure of 1 atm. Extensive validations were performed over wide experimental conditions by comparing the experimental data of the ignition delay time, species concentration profiles in the JSR, and laminar flame speed. It was found that the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental values. Therefore, the reduced mechanism developed in this study can accurately predict the experimental results, which is capable of reasonably applying to the simulation of combustion behaviors of n-pentanol in internal combustion engines.
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39
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Zhai Y, Feng B, Meng Q, Ao C, Qian S, Zhang L. Catalytic combustion of methyl butanoate over HZSM-5 zeolites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2233-2244. [PMID: 33594392 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic combustion technology is an exciting prospect for the removal of pollutants, especially in the field of transportation. Applying zeolites in fuel combustion has gained increasing importance in heterogeneous catalysis arising from their properties such as economical practicability and high activity. However, compared with the extensively investigated homogeneous combustion, few studies have been reported to explore the catalytic combustion of large-molecule fuels, especially for the catalytic combustion of biodiesel surrogate fuels. The purpose of this feature article is to describe the catalytic combustion of methyl butanoate (one of the biodiesel surrogate fuels) over unmodified HZSM-5 zeolites with a particular focus on the catalytic reaction mechanism. Experiments and theoretical calculations were considered here to help explain the proposed catalytic mechanism. This paper can provide new insights into the catalytic mechanism of biodiesel fuels that will guide the improvement of combustion efficiency in internal combustion engines and in the control of pollutant emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China.
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40
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Theoretical mechanistic study on the reaction of the methoxymethyl radical with nitrogen dioxide. J Mol Model 2021; 27:18. [PMID: 33409704 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism of the reaction of CH3OCH2 with NO2 is explored theoretically at the M062X/MG3S and G4 levels. The calculated results indicate two stable association intermediates, CH3OCH2NO2 (IM1) and CH3OCH2ONO (IM2), which can be produced by the attack of the nitrogen or oxygen atom of NO2 to terminal carbon atom of CH3OCH2 without barrier involved. IM2 is found to take trans (IM2a)-cis (IM2b) conversion and isomerization to IM1, with the following stability order IM2a > IM2b > IM1. Starting from IM2a, the most feasible pathway is the direct O-NO bond cleavage leading to P1 (CH3OCH2O + NO) or the H-shift and O-NO bond rupture to produce P2 (CH3OCHO + HNO), both of which have comparable contribution to the title reaction. There also involves an H-transfer from the methyl group of IM2a to the N atom with the simultaneous dissociations of the C-O and O-N bonds to produce P4 (2CH2O + HNO). In addition, another dissociation pathway is open to IM2b which decompose to P5 (CH2O + CH3ONO) by the O-N and C-O bond scissions and the recombination of CH3O and NO. Because all the intermediates and transition states involved in the above pathways lie below reactants, the CH3OCH2 + NO2 reaction is expected to be rapid. Subsequent dissociation of IM1 and direct H-abstraction between CH3OCH2 and NO2 are kinetically almost inhibited due to significantly high barriers. The present results can lead us to deeply understand the mechanism of the title reaction and may be helpful for understanding NO2 combustion chemistry.
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41
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Jonathan A, Eagan NM, Bruns DL, Stahl SS, Lanci MP, Dumesic JA, Huber GW. Ethylene oligomerization into linear olefins over cobalt oxide on carbon catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable heterogeneous cobalt oxide on carbon catalyst for ethylene oligomerization into linear and alpha olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Jonathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Nathaniel M. Eagan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - David L. Bruns
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | | | - James A. Dumesic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - George W. Huber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
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43
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Elucidating the differences in oxidation of high-performance α- and β- diisobutylene biofuels via Synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21776. [PMID: 33311537 PMCID: PMC7733457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are a promising ecologically viable and renewable alternative to petroleum fuels, with the potential to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. However, biomass sourced fuels are often produced as blends of hydrocarbons and their oxygenates. Such blending complicates the implementation of these fuels in combustion applications. Variations in a biofuel's composition will dictate combustion properties such as auto ignition temperature, reaction delay time, and reaction pathways. A handful of novel drop-in replacement biofuels for conventional transportation fuels have recently been down selected from a list of over 10,000 potential candidates as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative. Diisobutylene (DIB) is one such high-performing hydrocarbon which can readily be produced from the dehydration and dimerization of isobutanol, produced from the fermentation of biomass-derived sugars. The two most common isomers realized, from this process, are 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (α-DIB) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (β-DIB). Due to a difference in olefinic bond location, the α- and β- isomer exhibit dramatically different ignition temperatures at constant pressure and equivalence ratio. This may be attributed to different fragmentation pathways enabled by allylic versus vinylic carbons. For optimal implementation of these biofuel candidates, explicit identification of the intermediates formed during the combustion of each of the isomers is needed. To investigate the combustion pathways of these molecules, tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (in the range 8.1-11.0 eV) available at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source (ALS) has been used in conjunction with a jet stirred reactor (JSR) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to probe intermediates formed. Relative intensity curves for intermediate mass fragments produced during this process were obtained. Several important unique intermediates were identified at the lowest observable combustion temperature with static pressure of 93,325 Pa and for 1.5 s residence time. As this relatively short residence time is just after ignition, this study is targeted at the fuels' ignition events. Ignition characteristics for both isomers were found to be strongly dependent on the kinetics of C4 and C7 fragment production and decomposition, with the tert-butyl radical as a key intermediate species. However, the ignition of α-DIB exhibited larger concentrations of C4 compounds over C7, while the reverse was true for β-DIB. These identified species will allow for enhanced engineering modeling of fuel blending and engine design.
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Wen M, Blau SM, Spotte-Smith EWC, Dwaraknath S, Persson KA. BonDNet: a graph neural network for the prediction of bond dissociation energies for charged molecules. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1858-1868. [PMID: 34163950 PMCID: PMC8179073 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad collection of technologies, including e.g. drug metabolism, biofuel combustion, photochemical decontamination of water, and interfacial passivation in energy production/storage systems rely on chemical processes that involve bond-breaking molecular reactions. In this context, a fundamental thermodynamic property of interest is the bond dissociation energy (BDE) which measures the strength of a chemical bond. Fast and accurate prediction of BDEs for arbitrary molecules would lay the groundwork for data-driven projections of complex reaction cascades and hence a deeper understanding of these critical chemical processes and, ultimately, how to reverse design them. In this paper, we propose a chemically inspired graph neural network machine learning model, BonDNet, for the rapid and accurate prediction of BDEs. BonDNet maps the difference between the molecular representations of the reactants and products to the reaction BDE. Because of the use of this difference representation and the introduction of global features, including molecular charge, it is the first machine learning model capable of predicting both homolytic and heterolytic BDEs for molecules of any charge. To test the model, we have constructed a dataset of both homolytic and heterolytic BDEs for neutral and charged (−1 and +1) molecules. BonDNet achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.022 eV for unseen test data, significantly below chemical accuracy (0.043 eV). Besides the ability to handle complex bond dissociation reactions that no previous model could consider, BonDNet distinguishes itself even in only predicting homolytic BDEs for neutral molecules; it achieves an MAE of 0.020 eV on the PubChem BDE dataset, a 20% improvement over the previous best performing model. We gain additional insight into the model's predictions by analyzing the patterns in the features representing the molecules and the bond dissociation reactions, which are qualitatively consistent with chemical rules and intuition. BonDNet is just one application of our general approach to representing and learning chemical reactivity, and it could be easily extended to the prediction of other reaction properties in the future. Prediction of bond dissociation energies for charged molecules with a graph neural network enabled by global molecular features and reaction difference features between products and reactants.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.,Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.,Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Shyam Dwaraknath
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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Rousso AC, Jasper AW, Ju Y, Hansen N. Extreme Low-Temperature Combustion Chemistry: Ozone-Initiated Oxidation of Methyl Hexanoate. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9897-9914. [PMID: 33174431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The accelerating chemical effect of ozone addition on the oxidation chemistry of methyl hexanoate [CH3(CH2)4C(═O)OCH3] was investigated over a temperature range from 460 to 940 K. Using an externally heated jet-stirred reactor at p = 700 Torr (residence time τ = 1.3 s, stoichiometry φ = 0.5, 80% argon dilution), we explored the relevant chemical pathways by employing molecular-beam mass spectrometry with electron and single-photon ionization to trace the temperature dependencies of key intermediates, including many hydroperoxides. In the absence of ozone, reactivity is observed in the so-called low-temperature chemistry (LTC) regime between 550 and 700 K, which is governed by hydroperoxides formed from sequential O2 addition and isomerization reactions. At temperatures above 700 K, we observed the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) regime, in which the reactivity decreases with increasing temperatures, until near 800 K, where the reactivity increases again. Upon addition of ozone (1000 ppm), the overall reactivity of the system is dramatically changed due to the time scale of ozone decomposition in comparison to fuel oxidation time scales of the mixtures at different temperatures. While the LTC regime seems to be only slightly affected by the addition of ozone with respect to the identity and quantity of the observed intermediates, we observed an increased reactivity in the intermediate NTC temperature range. Furthermore, we observed experimental evidence for an additional oxidation regime in the range near 500 K, herein referred to as the extreme low-temperature chemistry (ELTC) regime. Experimental evidence and theoretical rate constant calculations indicate that this ELTC regime is likely to be initiated by H abstraction from methyl hexanoate via O atoms, which originate from thermal O3 decomposition. The theoretical calculations show that the rate constants for methyl ester initiation via abstraction by O atoms increase dramatically with the size of the methyl ester, suggesting that ELTC is likely not important for the smaller methyl esters. Experimental evidence is provided indicating that, similar to the LTC regime, the chemistry in the ELTC regime is dominated by hydroperoxide chemistry. However, mass spectra recorded at various reactor temperatures and at different photon energies provide experimental evidence of some differences in chemical species between the ELTC and the LTC temperature ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric C Rousso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ahren W Jasper
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yiguang Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nils Hansen
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
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Pelucchi M, Namysl S, Ranzi E, Rodriguez A, Rizzo C, Somers KP, Zhang Y, Herbinet O, Curran HJ, Battin-Leclerc F, Faravelli T. Combustion of n-C 3-C 6 Linear Alcohols: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study. Part I: Reaction Classes, Rate Rules, Model Lumping, and Validation. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2020; 34:14688-14707. [PMID: 33250570 PMCID: PMC7685228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work (and the companion paper, Part II) presents new experimental data for the combustion of n-C3-C6 alcohols (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol) and a lumped kinetic model to describe their pyrolysis and oxidation. The kinetic subsets for alcohol pyrolysis and oxidation from the CRECK kinetic model have been systematically updated to describe the pyrolysis and high- and low-temperature oxidation of this series of fuels. Using the reaction class approach, the reference kinetic parameters have been determined based on experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling studies previously reported in the literature, providing a consistent set of rate rules that allow easy extension and good predictive capability. The modeling approach is based on the assumption of an alkane-like and alcohol-specific moiety for the alcohol fuel molecules. A thorough review and discussion of the information available in the literature supports the selection of the kinetic parameters that are then applied to the n-C3-C6 alcohol series and extended for further proof to describe n-octanol oxidation. Because of space limitations, the large amount of information, and the comprehensive character of this study, the manuscript has been divided into two parts. Part I describes the kinetic model as well as the lumping techniques and provides a synoptic synthesis of its wide range validation made possible also by newly obtained experimental data. These include speciation measurements performed in a jet-stirred reactor (p = 107 kPa, T = 550-1100 K, φ = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) for n-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol and ignition delay times of ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol/air mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine at φ = 1.0, p = 10 and 30 bar, and T = 704-935 K. These data are presented and discussed in detail in Part II, together with detailed comparisons with model predictions and a deep kinetic discussion. This work provides new experimental targets that are useful for kinetic model development and validation (Part II), as well as an extensively validated kinetic model (Part I), which also contains subsets of other reference components for real fuels, thus allowing the assessment of combustion properties of new sustainable fuels and fuel mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pelucchi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Namysl
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - E. Ranzi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - C. Rizzo
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - K. P. Somers
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Y. Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - O. Herbinet
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Curran
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - F. Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - T. Faravelli
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Pelucchi M, Namysl S, Ranzi E, Rodriguez A, Rizzo C, Somers KP, Zhang Y, Herbinet O, Curran HJ, Battin-Leclerc F, Faravelli T. Combustion of n-C 3-C 6 Linear Alcohols: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study. Part II: Speciation Measurements in a Jet-Stirred Reactor, Ignition Delay Time Measurements in a Rapid Compression Machine, Model Validation, and Kinetic Analysis. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2020; 34:14708-14725. [PMID: 33250571 PMCID: PMC7685232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents new experimental data for n-C3-C6 alcohol, combustion (n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol). Speciation measurements have been carried out in a jet-stirred reactor (p = 107 kPa, T = 550-1100 K, φ = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) for n-butanol, n-pentanol, and n-hexanol. Ignition delay times of ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and n-pentanol/air mixtures were measured in a rapid compression machine at φ = 1.0, p = 10 and 30 bar, and T = 704-935 K. The kinetic subsets for alcohol pyrolysis and oxidation from the CRECK kinetic model have been systematically updated to describe the pyrolysis and high- and low-temperature oxidation of this series of fuels as described in Part I of this work (Pelucchi M.; Namysl S.; Ranzi E.Combustion of n-C3-C6 linear alcohol: an experimental and kinetic modeling study. Part I: reaction classes, rate rules, model lumping and validation. Submitted to Energy and Fuels, 2020). Part II describes in detail the facilities used for this systematic experimental investigation of n-C3-C6 alcohol combustion and presents a complete validation of the kinetic model by means of comparisons with the new data and measurements previously reported in the literature for both pyrolytic and oxidative conditions. Kinetic analyses such as rate of production and sensitivity analyses are used to highlight the governing reaction pathways and reasons for existing deviations, motivating possible further improvements in our chemistry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pelucchi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Namysl
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - E. Ranzi
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - C. Rizzo
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - K. P. Somers
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Y. Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - O. Herbinet
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Curran
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, National University of
Ireland Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - F. Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire
Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC, 54000 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - T. Faravelli
- CRECK
Modeling Lab, Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Kohse-Höinghaus K. Combustion in the future: The importance of chemistry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMBUSTION 2020; 38:S1540-7489(20)30501-0. [PMID: 33013234 PMCID: PMC7518234 DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combustion involves chemical reactions that are often highly exothermic. Combustion systems utilize the energy of chemical compounds released during this reactive process for transportation, to generate electric power, or to provide heat for various applications. Chemistry and combustion are interlinked in several ways. The outcome of a combustion process in terms of its energy and material balance, regarding the delivery of useful work as well as the generation of harmful emissions, depends sensitively on the molecular nature of the respective fuel. The design of efficient, low-emission combustion processes in compliance with air quality and climate goals suggests a closer inspection of the molecular properties and reactions of conventional, bio-derived, and synthetic fuels. Information about flammability, reaction intensity, and potentially hazardous combustion by-products is important also for safety considerations. Moreover, some of the compounds that serve as fuels can assume important roles in chemical energy storage and conversion. Combustion processes can furthermore be used to synthesize materials with attractive properties. A systematic understanding of the combustion behavior thus demands chemical knowledge. Desirable information includes properties of the thermodynamic states before and after the combustion reactions and relevant details about the dynamic processes that occur during the reactive transformations from the fuel and oxidizer to the products under the given boundary conditions. Combustion systems can be described, tailored, and improved by taking chemical knowledge into account. Combining theory, experiment, model development, simulation, and a systematic analysis of uncertainties enables qualitative or even quantitative predictions for many combustion situations of practical relevance. This article can highlight only a few of the numerous investigations on chemical processes for combustion and combustion-related science and applications, with a main focus on gas-phase reaction systems. It attempts to provide a snapshot of recent progress and a guide to exciting opportunities that drive such research beyond fossil combustion.
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Key Words
- 2M2B, 2-methyl-2-butene
- AFM, atomic force microscopy
- ALS, Advanced Light Source
- APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
- ARAS, atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy
- ATcT, Active Thermochemical Tables
- BC, black carbon
- BEV, battery electric vehicle
- BTL, biomass-to-liquid
- Biofuels
- CA, crank angle
- CCS, carbon capture and storage
- CEAS, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- CI, compression ignition
- CRDS, cavity ring-down spectroscopy
- CTL, coal-to-liquid
- Combustion
- Combustion chemistry
- Combustion diagnostics
- Combustion kinetics
- Combustion modeling
- Combustion synthesis
- DBE, di-n-butyl ether
- DCN, derived cetane number
- DEE, diethyl ether
- DFT, density functional theory
- DFWM, degenerate four-wave mixing
- DMC, dimethyl carbonate
- DME, dimethyl ether
- DMM, dimethoxy methane
- DRIFTS, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
- EGR, exhaust gas recirculation
- EI, electron ionization
- Emissions
- Energy
- Energy conversion
- FC, fuel cell
- FCEV, fuel cell electric vehicle
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- FT, Fischer-Tropsch
- FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared
- Fuels
- GC, gas chromatography
- GHG, greenhouse gas
- GTL, gas-to-liquid
- GW, global warming
- HAB, height above the burner
- HACA, hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition
- HCCI, homogeneous charge compression ignition
- HFO, heavy fuel oil
- HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
- IC, internal combustion
- ICEV, internal combustion engine vehicle
- IE, ionization energy
- IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- IR, infrared
- JSR, jet-stirred reactor
- KDE, kernel density estimation
- KHP, ketohydroperoxide
- LCA, lifecycle analysis
- LH2, liquid hydrogen
- LIF, laser-induced fluorescence
- LIGS, laser-induced grating spectroscopy
- LII, laser-induced incandescence
- LNG, liquefied natural gas
- LOHC, liquid organic hydrogen carrier
- LT, low-temperature
- LTC, low-temperature combustion
- MBMS, molecular-beam MS
- MDO, marine diesel oil
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MTO, methanol-to-olefins
- MVK, methyl vinyl ketone
- NOx, nitrogen oxides
- NTC, negative temperature coefficient
- OME, oxymethylene ether
- OTMS, Orbitrap MS
- PACT, predictive automated computational thermochemistry
- PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
- PDF, probability density function
- PEM, polymer electrolyte membrane
- PEPICO, photoelectron photoion coincidence
- PES, photoelectron spectrum/spectra
- PFR, plug-flow reactor
- PI, photoionization
- PIE, photoionization efficiency
- PIV, particle imaging velocimetry
- PLIF, planar laser-induced fluorescence
- PM, particulate matter
- PM10 PM2,5, sampled fractions with sizes up to ∼10 and ∼2,5 µm
- PRF, primary reference fuel
- QCL, quantum cascade laser
- RCCI, reactivity-controlled compression ignition
- RCM, rapid compression machine
- REMPI, resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization
- RMG, reaction mechanism generator
- RON, research octane number
- Reaction mechanisms
- SI, spark ignition
- SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry
- SNG, synthetic natural gas
- SNR, signal-to-noise ratio
- SOA, secondary organic aerosol
- SOEC, solid-oxide electrolysis cell
- SOFC, solid-oxide fuel cell
- SOx, sulfur oxides
- STM, scanning tunneling microscopy
- SVO, straight vegetable oil
- Synthetic fuels
- TDLAS, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
- TOF-MS, time-of-flight MS
- TPES, threshold photoelectron spectrum/spectra
- TPRF, toluene primary reference fuel
- TSI, threshold sooting index
- TiRe-LII, time-resolved LII
- UFP, ultrafine particle
- VOC, volatile organic compound
- VUV, vacuum ultraviolet
- WLTP, Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure
- XAS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy
- YSI, yield sooting index
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Feng K, Shen Q, Xia A, Zhang X, Huang L, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Xu D, Du X. Iodine‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C–C δ‐Bonds: Difunctionalization of Dienones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qiao‐Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Li‐Sha Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhan‐Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dan‐Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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Gao Y, Zhao Y, Guan Q, Wang F. Ab initio kinetics predictions for the role of pre-reaction complexes in hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone by OH radicals. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33205-33212. [PMID: 35547632 PMCID: PMC9088179 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of pre- and post-reaction complexes has been proposed to influence hydrogen abstraction reaction kinetics, but the significance still remains controversial. A theoretical study is presented to discuss the effects of complexes on hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone by OH radicals based on the detailed PESs at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2x-D3/may-cc-pVTZ level with five pre-reaction complexes at the entrance of the channels and four post-reaction complexes at the exit. The hydrogen bond interactions, steric effects, and contributions to the bonding orbital of the OH radical species and 2-butanone species in the complex structures were visualized and investigated by wavefunction analyses. Three kinds of mechanisms-the general bimolecular reaction, the reaction with the complexes considered, and the well-skipping reaction-were compared based on high-pressure-limit rate constants, predicted branching ratios, and fractional populations of reactants and products in the temperature range of 250-2000 K. The existence of complexes was proved to be crucial in the kinetics and mechanisms of the hydrogen abstraction from 2-butanone molecules by OH radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Soft Materials, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Fuke Wang
- Soft Materials, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis 138634 Singapore
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