1
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Reißenweber L, Uhl E, Hampel F, Mayer P, Dube H. Directionality Reversal and Shift of Rotational Axis in a Hemithioindigo Macrocyclic Molecular Motor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23387-23397. [PMID: 39109636 PMCID: PMC11345773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecular motors are central driving units for nanomachinery, and control of their directional motions is of fundamental importance for their functions. Light-driven variants use easy to provide, easy to dose, and waste-free fuel with high energy content, making them particularly interesting for applications. Typically, light-driven molecular motors work via rotations around dedicated chemical bonds where the directionality of the rotation is dictated by the steric effects of asymmetry in close vicinity to the rotation axis. In this work, we show how unidirectional rotation around a virtual axis can be realized by reprogramming a molecular motor. To this end, a classical light-driven motor is restricted by macrocyclization, and its intrinsic directional rotation is transformed into a directional rotation of the macrocyclic chain in the opposite direction. Further, solvent polarity changes allow to toggle the function of this molecular machine between a directional motor and a nondirectional photoswitch. In this way, a new concept for the design of molecular motors is delivered together with elaborate control over their motions and functions by simple solvent changes. The possibility of sensing the environmental polarity and correspondingly adjusting the directionality of motions opens up a next level of control and responsiveness to light-driven nanoscopic motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilli Reißenweber
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edgar Uhl
- Department
of Chemistry and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department
of Chemistry and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Wu J, Greenfield JL. Photoswitchable Imines Drive Dynamic Covalent Systems to Nonequilibrium Steady States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20720-20727. [PMID: 39025474 PMCID: PMC11295185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Coupling a photochemical reaction to a thermal exchange process can drive the latter to a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) under photoirradiation. Typically, systems use separate motifs for photoresponse and equilibrium-related processes. Here, we show that photoswitchable imines can fulfill both roles simultaneously, autonomously driving a dynamic covalent system into a NESS under continuous light irradiation. We demonstrate this using transimination reactions, where E-to-Z photoisomerism generates a more kinetically labile species. At the NESS, energy is stored both in the metastable Z-isomer of the imine and in the system's nonequilibrium constitution; when the light is switched off, this stored energy is released as the system reverts to its equilibrium state. The system operates autonomously under continuous light irradiation and exhibits characteristics of a light-driven information ratchet. This is enabled by the dual-role of the imine linkage as both the photochromic and dynamic covalent bond. This work highlights the ability and application of these imines to drive systems to NESSs, thus offering a novel approach in the field of systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Wu
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität
Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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3
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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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4
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Borsley S, Gallagher JM, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Ratcheting synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:8-29. [PMID: 38102412 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry has traditionally relied on reactions between reactants of high chemical potential and transformations that proceed energetically downhill to either a global or local minimum (thermodynamic or kinetic control). Catalysts can be used to manipulate kinetic control, lowering activation energies to influence reaction outcomes. However, such chemistry is still constrained by the shape of one-dimensional reaction coordinates. Coupling synthesis to an orthogonal energy input can allow ratcheting of chemical reaction outcomes, reminiscent of the ways that molecular machines ratchet random thermal motion to bias conformational dynamics. This fundamentally distinct approach to synthesis allows multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces to be navigated, enabling reaction outcomes that cannot be achieved under conventional kinetic or thermodynamic control. In this Review, we discuss how ratcheted synthesis is ubiquitous throughout biology and consider how chemists might harness ratchet mechanisms to accelerate catalysis, drive chemical reactions uphill and programme complex reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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5
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Bouffard J, Coelho F, Sakai N, Matile S. Dynamic Phosphorus: Thiolate Exchange Cascades with Higher Phosphorothioates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313931. [PMID: 37847524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce phosphorus, a pnictogen, as an exchange center for dynamic covalent chemistry. Cascade exchange of neutral phosphorotri- and -tetrathioates with thiolates is demonstrated in organic solvents, aqueous micellar systems, and in living cells. Exchange rates increase with the pH value, electrophilicity of the exchange center, and nucleophilicity of the exchangers. Molecular walking of the dynamic phosphorus center along Hammett gradients is simulated by the sequential addition of thiolate exchangers. Compared to phosphorotrithioates, tetrathioates are better electrophiles with higher exchange rates. Dynamic phosphorotri- and -tetrathioates are non-toxic to HeLa Kyoto cells and participate in the dynamic networks that account for thiol-mediated uptake into living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Bouffard
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filipe Coelho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Ilhan H, Cakmak Y. Functionalization of BODIPY Dyes with Additional C-N Double Bonds and Their Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:28. [PMID: 37676540 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY (4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) dyes are regarded as highly useful compounds due to their rich photophysical properties, stability, and ease of functionalization. In recent years, hot topics studied with this class of compounds are targeted photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, fluorescent bioimaging agents, structural modification of the BODIPY core, synthesis of BODIPY analogs, and BODIPY-based supramolecular constructs. This review covers the advances in BODIPY structures substituted with additional carbon-nitrogen double bonds, namely imines, hydrazones, oximes, and related derivatives for various applications. Works based on fluorescent indicators of anions, cations, and neutral molecules are included in this review. In addition, the use of such structures for pharmaceutical applications, photodynamic therapy, fluorescent switches, and fluorescent building blocks are also investigated. In addition to covering the major literature within the mentioned subclass, design principles, working mechanisms, and outlooks are also provided to enlighten forthcoming promising efforts. With this work, we aim to provide insights about the synthesis, photophysical properties, contribution of C=N bonds to a class of dye, and possible areas of use and stimulate researchers to present new ideas and overcome the current problems using these derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huriye Ilhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cakmak
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and BITAM-Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
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7
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Marić I, Yang L, Li X, Santiago GM, Pappas CG, Qiu X, Dijksman JA, Mikhailov K, van Rijn P, Otto S. Tailorable and Biocompatible Supramolecular-Based Hydrogels Featuring two Dynamic Covalent Chemistries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216475. [PMID: 36744522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has proven to be a valuable tool in creating fascinating molecules, structures, and emergent properties in fully synthetic systems. Here we report a system that uses two dynamic covalent bonds in tandem, namely disulfides and hydrazones, for the formation of hydrogels containing biologically relevant ligands. The reversibility of disulfide bonds allows fiber formation upon oxidation of dithiol-peptide building block, while the reaction between NH-NH2 functionalized C-terminus and aldehyde cross-linkers results in a gel. The same bond-forming reaction was exploited for the "decoration" of the supramolecular assemblies by cell-adhesion-promoting sequences (RGD and LDV). Fast triggered gelation, cytocompatibility and ability to "on-demand" chemically customize fibrillar scaffold offer potential for applying these systems as a bioactive platform for cell culture and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marić
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Liangliang Yang
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 and W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Kirill Mikhailov
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 and W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
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8
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Rajasekaran VV, Elramadi E, Valiyev I, Howlader P, Schmittel M. Fast and slow walking driven by chemical fuel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3886-3889. [PMID: 36916664 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fast forward and slow backward motion of a biped on a tetrahedral track using chemical fuel, cooperative binding and kinetic selectivity. Walking of the biped is based on its dibenzyl amine feet that bind to zinc porphyrin units and, upon protonation, to dibenzo 24-crown-8 sites affording pseudorotaxane linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Verman Rajasekaran
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Emad Elramadi
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Isa Valiyev
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology, Organische Chemie I, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068, Germany.
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9
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Seoane S, Gogoi P, Zárate-Ruíz A, Peluso-Iltis C, Peters S, Guiberteau T, Maestro MA, Pérez-Fernández R, Rochel N, Mouriño A. Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structural Analysis of Novel Des-C-Ring and Aromatic-D-Ring Analogues of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13112-13124. [PMID: 36166643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxic calcemic effects of the natural hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) in the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases demand the development of highly active and noncalcemic vitamin D analogues. We report the development of two highly active and noncalcemic analogues of 1,25D3 that lack the C-ring and possess an m-phenylene ring that replaces the natural D-ring. The new analogues (3a, 3b) are characterized by an additional six-carbon hydroxylated side chain attached either to the aromatic nucleus or to the triene system. Both compounds were synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization/cross coupling approach starting from alkyne 6 and diphenol 8. Key steps include a stereoselective Cu-assisted addition of a Grignard reagent to an aromatic alkyne and a Takai olefination of an aromatic aldehyde. The new compounds are noncalcemic and show transcriptional and antiproliferative activities similar to 1,25D3. Structural analysis revealed that they induce a large conformational rearrangement of the vitamin D receptor around helix 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Laboratory Ignacio Ribas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Araceli Zárate-Ruíz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Laboratory Ignacio Ribas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC); Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Stefan Peters
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Laboratory Ignacio Ribas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Thierry Guiberteau
- Laboratoire ICube─Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Miguel A Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Román Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Physiology-Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC); Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Research Laboratory Ignacio Ribas, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avda. de las Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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10
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Thomas D, Tetlow DJ, Ren Y, Kassem S, Karaca U, Leigh DA. Pumping between phases with a pulsed-fuel molecular ratchet. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:701-707. [PMID: 35379944 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of species from a solution into and onto solids underpins the sequestering of waste and pollutants, precious metal recovery, heterogeneous catalysis, analysis and separation science, and other technologies1,2. The transfer between phases tends to proceed spontaneously in the direction of equilibrium. For example, alkyl ammonium groups mounted on silica nanoparticles are used to chemisorb cucurbituril macrocycles from solution through host-guest binding3,4. Molecular ratchet mechanisms5-7, in which kinetic gating8-12 inhibits or accelerates particular steps, makes it possible to progressively drive dynamic systems13-16 away from equilibrium17-21. Here we report on molecular pumps22 immobilized on polymer beads23-25 that use an energy ratchet mechanism5,9,19-21,26-30 to directionally transport substrates from solution onto the beads. On the addition of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3CO2H)19,31-33 fuel19,34-37, micrometre-diameter polystyrene beads functionalized38 with solvent-accessible molecular pumps sequester from the solution crown ethers appended with fluorescent tags. After fuel consumption, the rings are mechanically trapped in a higher-energy, out-of-equilibrium state on the beads and cannot be removed by dilution or exhaustive washing. This differs from dissipative assembled materials11,13-16, which require a continuous supply of energy to persist, and from conventional host-guest complexes. The addition of a second fuel pulse causes the uptake of more macrocycles, which drives the system further away from equilibrium. The second macrocycle can be labelled with a different fluorescent tag, which confers sequence information39 on the absorbed structure. The polymer-bound substrates can be released back to the bulk either one compartment at a time or all at once. Non-equilibrium40 sorption by immobilized artificial molecular machines41-45 enables the transduction of energy from chemical fuels for the use, storage and release of energy and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel J Tetlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yansong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salma Kassem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ulvi Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Laurent Q, Sakai N, Matile S. An Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Tool for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Oligochalcogenides on Detachable Helical Peptide Templates. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200785. [PMID: 35416345 PMCID: PMC9324982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A model system is introduced as a general tool to elaborate on orthogonal templation of dynamic covalent ring-opening polymerization (ODC-TROP). The tool consists of 310 helical peptides as unprecedented templates and semicarbazones as orthogonal dynamic covalent linkers. With difficult-to-control 1,2-dithiolanes, ODC-TROP on the level of short model oligomers occurs with high templation efficiency, increasing and diminishing upon helix stabilization and denaturation, respectively. Further, an anti-templated conjugate with mispositioned monomers gave reduced templation upon helix twisting. Even with the "unpolymerizable" 1,2-diselenolanes, initial studies already afford mild templation efficiency. These proof-of-principle results promise that the here introduced tool, recyclable and enabling late-stage side chain modification, will be useful to realize ODC-TROP of intractable or unknown cyclic dynamic covalent monomers for dynamer materials as well as cellular uptake and signaling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Laurent
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva1211GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva1211GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Geneva1211GenevaSwitzerland
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12
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Bach NN, Josef V, Maid H, Dube H. Active Mechanical Threading by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201882. [PMID: 35146857 PMCID: PMC9314141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors transform external energy input into directional motions and offer exquisite precision for nano‐scale manipulations. To make full use of molecular motor capacities, their directional motions need to be transmitted and used for powering downstream molecular events. Here we present a macrocyclic molecular motor structure able to perform repetitive molecular threading of a flexible tetraethylene glycol chain through the macrocycle. This mechanical threading event is actively powered by the motor and leads to a direct translation of the unidirectional motor rotation into unidirectional translation motion (chain versus ring). The mechanism of the active mechanical threading is elucidated and the actual threading step is identified as a combined helix inversion and threading event. The established molecular machine function resembles the crucial step of macroscopic weaving or sewing processes and therefore offers a first entry point to a “molecular knitting” counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N Bach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Josef
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Dekhtyar ML. Brownian Photomotors Based on Organic Compounds: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-022-09726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Kato T, Lim B, Cheng Y, Pham AT, Maynard J, Moreau D, Poblador-Bahamonde AI, Sakai N, Matile S. Cyclic Thiosulfonates for Thiol-Mediated Uptake: Cascade Exchangers, Transporters, Inhibitors. JACS AU 2022; 2:839-852. [PMID: 35557769 PMCID: PMC9088311 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-mediated uptake is emerging as a powerful method to penetrate cells. Cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) have been identified as privileged scaffolds to enable and inhibit thiol-mediated uptake because they can act as dynamic covalent cascade exchangers, i.e., every exchange produces a new, covalently tethered exchanger. In this study, our focus is on the essentially unexplored COCs of higher oxidation levels. Quantitative characterization of the underlying dynamic covalent exchange cascades reveals that the initial ring opening of cyclic thiosulfonates (CTOs) proceeds at a high speed even at a low pH. The released sulfinates exchange with disulfides in aprotic but much less in protic environments. Hydrophobic domains were thus introduced to direct CTOs into hydrophobic pockets to enhance their reactivity. Equipped with such directing groups, fluorescently labeled CTOs entered the cytosol of living cells more efficiently than the popular asparagusic acid. Added as competitive agents, CTOs inhibit the uptake of various COC transporters and SARS-CoV-2 lentivectors. Orthogonal trends found with different transporters support the existence of multiple cellular partners to account for the diverse expressions of thiol-mediated uptake. Dominant self-inhibition and high activity of dimers imply selective and synergistic exchange in hydrophobic pockets as distinguishing characteristics of thiol-mediated uptake with CTOs. The best CTO dimers with hydrophobic directing groups inhibit the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 lentivectors with an IC50 significantly lower than the previous best CTO, below the 10 μM threshold and better than ebselen. Taken together, these results identify CTOs as an intriguing motif for use in cytosolic delivery, as inhibitors of lentivector entry, and for the evolution of dynamic covalent networks in the broadest sense, with reactivity-based selectivity of cascade exchange emerging as a distinguishing characteristic that deserves further attention.
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15
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Photogearing as a concept for translation of precise motions at the nanoscale. Nat Chem 2022; 14:670-676. [PMID: 35437331 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges for harnessing the true potential of functional nano-machinery is integrating and transmitting motion with great precision. Molecular gearing systems enable the integration of multiple motions in a correlated fashion to translate motions from one locality to another and to change their speed and direction. However, currently no powerful methods exist to implement active driving of gearing motions at the molecular scale. Here we present a light-fuelled molecular gearing system and demonstrate its superiority over passive thermally activated gearing. Translation of a 180° rotation into a 120° rotation is achieved while at the same time the direction of the rotation axis is shifted by 120°. Within such photogearing processes, precise motions at the nanoscale can be changed in direction and decelerated in a manner similar to macroscopic bevel-gear operations in an energy consuming way-a necessary prerequisite to employ gearing as an active component in future mechanical nano-systems.
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16
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Liu XR, Hu X, Loh IY, Wang Z. A high-fidelity light-powered nanomotor from a chemically fueled counterpart via site-specific optomechanical fuel control. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5899-5914. [PMID: 35373800 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07964f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optically powered nanomotors are advantageous for clean nanotechnology over chemically fuelled nanomotors. The two motor types are further bounded by different physical principles. Despite the gap, we show here that an optically powered DNA bipedal nanomotor is readily created from a high-performing chemically fuelled counterpart by subjecting its fuel to cyclic site-specific optomechanical control - as if the fuel is optically recharged. Optimizing azobenzene-based control of the original nucleotide fuel selects a light-responsive fuel analog that replicates the different binding affinity of the fuel and reaction products. The resultant motor largely retains high-performing features of the original chemical motor, and achieves the highest directional fidelity among reported light-driven DNA nanomotors. This study thus demonstrates a novel strategy for transforming chemical nanomotors to optical ones for clean nanotechnology. The strategy is potentially applicable to many chemical nanomotors with oligomeric fuels like nucleotides, peptides and synthetic polymers, leading to a new class of light-powered nanomotors that are akin to chemical nanomotors and benefit from their generally high efficiency mechanistically. The motor from this study also provides a rare model system for studying the subtle boundary between chemical and optical nanomotors - a topic pertinent to chemomechanical and optomechanical energy conversion at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Xinpeng Hu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Iong Ying Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
| | - Zhisong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.
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17
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Liarou E, Houck HA, Du Prez FE. Reversible Transformations of Polymer Topologies through Visible Light and Darkness. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6954-6963. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Liarou
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hannes A. Houck
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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18
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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19
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Bach NN, Josef V, Maid H, Dube H. Active Mechanical Threading by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai N. Bach
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Verena Josef
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Harald Maid
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen GERMANY
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20
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Thumser S, Köttner L, Hoffmann N, Mayer P, Dube H. All-Red-Light Photoswitching of Indirubin Controlled by Supramolecular Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18251-18260. [PMID: 34665961 PMCID: PMC8867725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Red-light responsiveness
of photoswitches is a highly desired property
for many important application areas such as biology or material sciences.
The main approach to elicit this property uses strategic substitution
of long-known photoswitch motives such as azobenzenes or diarylethenes.
Only very few photoswitches possess inherent red-light absorption
of their core chromophore structures. Here, we present a strategy
to convert the long-known purple indirubin dye into a prolific red-light-responsive
photoswitch. In a supramolecular approach, its photochromism can be
changed from a negative to a positive one, while at the same time,
significantly higher yields of the metastable E-isomer
are obtained upon irradiation. E- to Z-photoisomerization can then also be induced by red light of longer
wavelengths. Indirubin therefore represents a unique example of reversible
photoswitching using entirely red light for both switching directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Thumser
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura Köttner
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Hoffmann
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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22
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Huber LA, Thumser S, Grill K, Voßiek D, Bach NN, Mayer P, Dube H. Steric Effects on the Thermal Processes of Hemithioindigo Based Molecular Motor Rotation. Chemistry 2021; 27:10758-10765. [PMID: 33945652 PMCID: PMC8361725 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the thermal behavior of light driven molecular motors is fundamentally important for their future rational design. In many molecular motors thermal ratcheting steps are comprised of helicity inversions, energetically stabilizing the initial photoproducts. In this work we investigated a series of five hemithioindigo (HTI) based molecular motors to reveal the influence of steric hindrance in close proximity to the rotation axle on this process. Applying a high yielding synthetic procedure, we synthesized constitutional isomeric derivatives to distinguish between substitution effects at the aromatic and aliphatic position on the rotor fragment. The kinetics of thermal helix inversions were elucidated using low temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy and an in situ irradiation technique. In combination with a detailed theoretical description, a comparative analysis of substituent effects on the thermal helix inversions of the rotation cycle is now possible. Such deeper understanding of the rotational cycle of HTI molecular motors is essential for speed regulation and future applications of visible light triggered nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig A. Huber
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Kerstin Grill
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - David Voßiek
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Nicolai N. Bach
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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23
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Da Silva Rodrigues R, Luis ET, Marshall DL, McMurtrie JC, Mullen KM. Hydrazone exchange: a viable route for the solid-tethered synthesis of [2]rotaxanes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a hydrazone exchange methodology, resin beads were functionalised with [2]rotaxanes at up to 80% efficiency—higher than using other dynamic or irreversible synthetic approaches to form self-assembled structures on solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ena T. Luis
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - David L. Marshall
- Centre for Materials Science
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility
| | - John C. McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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24
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Liu C, Zhang Z, Fan Z, He C, Tan Y, Xu H. Adaptive Se‐Te Metathesis Controlled by Cucurbituril‐Based Host‐Guest Interaction. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4321-4326. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiheng Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chaowei He
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Tan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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25
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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26
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Grill K, Dube H. Supramolecular Relay-Control of Organocatalysis with a Hemithioindigo-Based Molecular Motor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19300-19307. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Grill
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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27
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Wilcken R, Huber L, Grill K, Guentner M, Schildhauer M, Thumser S, Riedle E, Dube H. Tuning the Ground and Excited State Dynamics of Hemithioindigo Molecular Motors by Changing Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 26:13507-13512. [PMID: 32692896 PMCID: PMC7702134 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency and performance of light triggered molecular motors are crucial features that need to be mechanistically understood to improve the performance and enable conscious property tailoring for specific applications. In this work, three different hemithioindigo-based molecular motors are investigated and all four steps in their complete unidirectional rotation are unraveled fully quantitatively. Transient absorption spectroscopy across twelve orders of magnitude in time is used to probe the fs nuclear motions up to the ms thermal kinetics, covering the timeframe of the whole motor rotation. The newly known full mechanisms allow simulation of the motor systems to scrutinize their performance at realistic illumination conditions. This highlights the importance of photoisomerization quantum yields for the rotation speed. The substitution pattern in close proximity to the rotation axle influences the excited and ground state properties. Reduction of electron donation and concomitant increase of steric hindrance leads to faster photoisomerization reactions with quasi-ballistic behavior, but also to a slight decrease in the quantum efficiency. The expected decelerating effects of increased sterics are primarily manifested in the ground state. A promising approach for next-generation hemithioindigo motors is to elevate electron donation at the rotor fragment followed by an increase of steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wilcken
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare OptikLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenOettingenstr. 6780538MünchenGermany
| | - Ludwig Huber
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Kerstin Grill
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Manuel Guentner
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Monika Schildhauer
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Eberhard Riedle
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare OptikLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenOettingenstr. 6780538MünchenGermany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstr. 5–13 (Haus F)81377MünchenGermany
- Chair of Organic Chemistry IDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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28
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Abstract
DNA walkers are molecular machines that can move with high precision onthe nanoscale due to their structural and functional programmability. Despite recent advances in the field that allow exploring different energy sources, stimuli, and mechanisms of action for these nanomachines, the continuous operation and reusability of DNA walkers remains challenging because in most cases the steps, once taken by the walker, cannot be taken again. Herein we report the path regeneration of a burnt-bridges DNA catenane walker using RNase A. This walker uses a T7RNA polymerase that produces long RNA transcripts to hybridize to the path and move forward while the RNA remains hybridized to the path and blocks it for an additional walking cycle. We show that RNA degradation triggered by RNase A restores the path and returns the walker to the initial position. RNase inhibition restarts the function of the walker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchLudwig-Erhard-Allee 253175BonnGermany
- Present address: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center—INANO-MBG, iNANO-husetGustav Wieds Vej 14, building 1592, 3288000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Michael Famulok
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and ResearchLudwig-Erhard-Allee 253175BonnGermany
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29
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Valero J, Škugor M. Mechanisms, Methods of Tracking and Applications of DNA Walkers: A Review. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1971-1988. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Marko Škugor
- LIMES Chemical Biology Unit Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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30
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Valero J, Famulok M. Regeneration of Burnt Bridges on a DNA Catenane Walker. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Valero
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
- Present address: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center—INANO-MBG, iNANO-huset Gustav Wieds Vej 14, building 1592, 328 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Michael Famulok
- LIMES Chemical Biology UnitUniversität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
- Center of Advanced European Studies and Research Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2 53175 Bonn Germany
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31
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Uhl E, Mayer P, Dube H. Active and Unidirectional Acceleration of Biaryl Rotation by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5730-5737. [PMID: 31943681 PMCID: PMC7154650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven molecular motors possess immense potential as central driving units for future nanotechnology. Integration into larger molecular setups and transduction of their mechanical motions represents the current frontier of research. Herein we report on an integrated molecular machine setup allowing the transmission of potential energy from a motor unit onto a remote receiving entity. The setup consists of a motor unit connected covalently to a distant and sterically encumbered biaryl receiver. By action of the motor unit, single-bond rotation of the receiver is strongly accelerated and forced to proceed unidirectionally. The transmitted potential energy is directly measured as the extent to which energy degeneration is lifted in the thermal atropisomerization of this biaryl. Energy degeneracy is reduced by more than 1.5 kcal mol-1 , and rate accelerations of several orders of magnitude in terms of the rate constants are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
| | - Henry Dube
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMButenandtstr. 5–1381377MünchenGermany
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32
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Uhl E, Mayer P, Dube H. Active and Unidirectional Acceleration of Biaryl Rotation by a Molecular Motor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM Butenandtstr. 5–13 81377 München Germany
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33
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Zhou W, Chen Y, Dai X, Zhang HY, Liu Y. Cucurbit[8]uril-Mediated Polypseudorotaxane for Enhanced Lanthanide Luminescence Behavior in Water. Org Lett 2019; 21:9363-9367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weilei Zhou
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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34
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Gerwien A, Mayer P, Dube H. Green light powered molecular state motor enabling eight-shaped unidirectional rotation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4449. [PMID: 31575868 PMCID: PMC6773862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular motors convert external energy into directional motions at the nano-scales. To date unidirectional circular rotations and linear motions have been realized but more complex directional trajectories remain unexplored on the molecular level. In this work we present a molecular motor powered by green light allowing to produce an eight-shaped geometry change during its unidirectional rotation around the central molecular axis. Motor motion proceeds in four different steps, which alternate between light powered double bond isomerizations and thermal hula-twist isomerizations. The result is a fixed sequence of populating four different isomers in a fully unidirectional trajectory possessing one crossing point. This motor system opens up unexplored avenues for the construction and mechanisms of molecular machines and will therefore not only significantly expand the toolbox of responsive molecular devices but also enable very different applications in the field of miniaturized technology than currently possible. Molecular motors have predominantly been limited to circular or linear directional motions. Here, the authors design a molecular motor that moves unidirectionally along a more complex figure-eight trajectory by a distinct four-step mechanism that alternates between photochemical and thermal reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gerwien
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany.
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35
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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36
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Houck HA, Blasco E, Du Prez FE, Barner-Kowollik C. Light-Stabilized Dynamic Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12329-12337. [PMID: 31240918 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The light-responsive adaptation of polymer materials typically requires different wavelengths or additional heat to induce reversible covalent bond formation and dissociation. Here, we bypass the use of invasive triggers by introducing light-stabilized dynamic materials that can undergo a repeatable change in topology from a covalently cross-linked material into a liquid polymer formulation by switching one visible light source on-and-off without the need for any additional triggers. Specifically, we exploit the photo-Diels-Alder reaction of triazolinediones with naphthalenes as a dynamic covalent cross-linking platform that enables green light-induced network formation, while the cross-linked material collapses through spontaneous cycloreversion upon standing in the dark at ambient temperature. Importantly, the covalent cross-links remain stabilized for as long as visible light is present, thereby retaining the material's structural integrity. This enables their potential use in an array of light-directed applications whereby network properties such as stiffness can be tuned by the mildest trigger of all: darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes A Houck
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis , 9000 Gent , Belgium.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , Queensland 4000 , Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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37
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Abbasi-Pérez D, Sang H, Pérez-García L, Floris A, Amabilino DB, Raval R, Recio JM, Kantorovich L. Controlling the preferential motion of chiral molecular walkers on a surface. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5864-5874. [PMID: 31360390 PMCID: PMC6582760 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular walkers standing on two or more "feet" on an anisotropic periodic potential of a crystal surface may perform a one-dimensional Brownian motion at the surface-vacuum interface along a particular direction in which their mobility is the largest. In thermal equilibrium the molecules move with equal probabilities both ways along this direction, as expected from the detailed balance principle, well-known in chemical reactivity and in the theory of molecular motors. For molecules that possess an asymmetric potential energy surface (PES), we propose a generic method based on the application of a time-periodic external stimulus that would enable the molecules to move preferentially in a single direction thereby acting as Brownian ratchets. To illustrate this method, we consider a prototypical synthetic chiral molecular walker, 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-5(1-phenylethyl)benzene, diffusing on the anisotropic Cu(110) surface along the Cu rows. As unveiled by our kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on the rates calculated using ab initio density functional theory, this molecule moves to the nearest equivalent lattice site via the so-called inchworm mechanism in which it steps first with the rear foot and then with the front foot. As a result, the molecule diffuses via a two-step mechanism, and due to its inherent asymmetry, the corresponding PES is also spatially asymmetric. Taking advantage of this fact, we show how the external stimulus can be tuned to separate molecules of different chirality, orientation and conformation. The consequences of these findings for molecular machines and the separation of enantiomers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Abbasi-Pérez
- Department of Physics , King's College London , London , WC2R 2LS , UK . ;
| | - Hongqian Sang
- Department of Physics , King's College London , London , WC2R 2LS , UK . ;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Andrea Floris
- School of Chemistry , University of Lincoln , Brayford Pool , Lincoln LN6 7TS , UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry , GSK Carbon Neutral Lab. for Sustainable Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Triumph Road , NG7 2TU , UK
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Surface Science Research Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX , UK
| | - J Manuel Recio
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry , Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo , 33006 , Spain
| | - Lev Kantorovich
- Department of Physics , King's College London , London , WC2R 2LS , UK . ;
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38
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Schildhauer M, Rott F, Thumser S, Mayer P, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Dube H. A Prospective Ultrafast Hemithioindigo Molecular Motor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schildhauer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | | | - Henry Dube
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
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39
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Park S, Song J, Kim JS. In silico construction of a flexibility-based DNA Brownian ratchet for directional nanoparticle delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4943. [PMID: 30972363 PMCID: PMC6450686 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brownian particles confined in a system with periodic and asymmetric potential can be transported in a specific direction along the potential by repetitively switching the potential on and off. Here, we propose a DNA-based Brownian ratchet for directional transport of positively charged nanoparticles in which nanoparticle delivery follows the path dictated by a single, long, double-stranded DNA. We performed Brownian dynamics simulations to prove its realization using coarse-grained models. A periodic and asymmetric potential for nanoparticle binding is constructed along a single, long, double-stranded DNA molecule by a novel strategy that uses variation in sequence-dependent DNA flexibility. Directional and processive motion of nanoparticles is achieved by changing salt concentration repetitively over several cycles to switch the asymmetric potential on and off. This work suggests that double-stranded DNA molecules with elaborately designed flexibility variation can be used as a molecule-scale guide for spatial and dynamic control of nanoparticles for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeongeun Song
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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40
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Bartolami E, Basagiannis D, Zong L, Martinent R, Okamoto Y, Laurent Q, Ward TR, Gonzalez‐Gaitan M, Sakai N, Matile S. Diselenolane‐Mediated Cellular Uptake: Efficient Cytosolic Delivery of Probes, Peptides, Proteins, Artificial Metalloenzymes and Protein‐Coated Quantum Dots. Chemistry 2019; 25:4047-4051. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Bartolami
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Dimitris Basagiannis
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Lili Zong
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- Current Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSoutheast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Rémi Martinent
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Yasunori Okamoto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Quentin Laurent
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcos Gonzalez‐Gaitan
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering CH-4002 Basel Switzerland
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41
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Pianowski ZL. Recent Implementations of Molecular Photoswitches into Smart Materials and Biological Systems. Chemistry 2019; 25:5128-5144. [PMID: 30614091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light is a nearly ideal stimulus for molecular systems. It delivers information encoded in the form of wavelengths and their intensities with high precision in space and time. Light is a mild trigger that does not permanently contaminate targeted samples. Its energy can be reversibly transformed into molecular motion, polarity, or flexibility changes. This leads to sophisticated functions at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, from light-triggered nanomaterials to photocontrol over biological systems. New methods and molecular adapters of light are reported almost daily. Recently reported applications of photoresponsive systems, particularly azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and indigoids, for smart materials and photocontrol of biological setups are described herein with the aim to demonstrate that the 21st century has become the Age of Enlightenment-"Le siècle des Lumières"-in molecular sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew L Pianowski
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Campus Nord, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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42
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Zhou HY, Han Y, Shi Q, Chen CF. A Triply Operable Molecular Switch: Anion-, Acid/Base- and Solvent-Responsive [2]Rotaxane. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
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43
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Reuther JF, Dahlhauser SD, Anslyn EV. Tunable Orthogonal Reversible Covalent (TORC) Bonds: Dynamic Chemical Control over Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:74-85. [PMID: 30098086 PMCID: PMC10851707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic assembly of macromolecules in biological systems is one of the fundamental processes that facilitates life. Although such assembly most commonly uses noncovalent interactions, a set of dynamic reactions involving reversible covalent bonding is actively being exploited for the design of functional materials, bottom-up assembly, and molecular machines. This Minireview highlights recent implementations and advancements in the area of tunable orthogonal reversible covalent (TORC) bonds for these purposes, and provides an outlook for their expansion, including the development of synthetically encoded polynucleotide mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA (USA)
| | | | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX (USA)
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44
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Liu C, Xia J, Ji S, Fan Z, Xu H. Visible-light-induced metathesis reaction between diselenide and ditelluride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2813-2816. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-responsive metathesis reaction between diselenide and ditelluride proceeding through a radical mechanism without catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Xia
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- People's Republic of China
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45
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Orrillo AG, Escalante AM, Martinez-Amezaga M, Cabezudo I, Furlan RLE. Molecular Networks in Dynamic Multilevel Systems. Chemistry 2018; 25:1118-1127. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gastón Orrillo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET; S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Andrea M. Escalante
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET; S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Maitena Martinez-Amezaga
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET; S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cabezudo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET; S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET; S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
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46
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Reuther JF, Dahlhauser SD, Anslyn EV. Einstellbare orthogonale reversible kovalente Bindungen: dynamische Kontrolle über die molekulare Selbstorganisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell MA USA
| | | | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
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47
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Qing Y, Ionescu SA, Pulcu GS, Bayley H. Directional control of a processive molecular hopper. Science 2018; 361:908-912. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrigued by the potential of nanoscale machines, scientists have long attempted to control molecular motion. We monitored the individual 0.7-nanometer steps of a single molecular hopper as it moved in an electric field along a track in a nanopore controlled by a chemical ratchet. The hopper demonstrated characteristics desired in a moving molecule: defined start and end points, processivity, no chemical fuel requirement, directional motion, and external control. The hopper was readily functionalized to carry cargos. For example, a DNA molecule could be ratcheted along the track in either direction, a prerequisite for nanopore sequencing.
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48
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Light-driven molecular trap enables bidirectional manipulation of dynamic covalent systems. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1031-1036. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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Kovaříček P, Cebecauer M, Neburková J, Bartoň J, Fridrichová M, Drogowska KA, Cigler P, Lehn JM, Kalbac M. Proton-Gradient-Driven Oriented Motion of Nanodiamonds Grafted to Graphene by Dynamic Covalent Bonds. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7141-7147. [PMID: 29889492 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating nanoscopic objects by external stimuli is the cornerstone of nanoscience. Here, we report the implementation of dynamic covalent chemistry in the reversible binding and directional motion of fluorescent nanodiamond particles at a functionalized graphene surface via imine linkages. The dynamic connections allow for controlling the formation and rupture of these linkages by external stimuli. By introduction of pH gradients, the nanoparticles are driven to move along the gradient due to the different rates of the imine condensation and hydrolysis in the two environments. The multivalent nature of the particle-to-surface connection ensures that particles remain attached to the surface, whereas its dynamic character allows for exchange reaction, thus leading to displacement yet bound behavior in two-dimensional space. These results open a pathway for thermodynamically controlled manipulation of objects on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kovaříček
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 2155/3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Marek Cebecauer
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 2155/3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Neburková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo náměstí 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine , Charles University , Kateřinská 32 , 121 08 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bartoň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo náměstí 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fridrichová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 2155/3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Karolina A Drogowska
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 2155/3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo náměstí 2 , 166 10 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires , Université de Strasbourg , 8 allée Gaspard Monge , 670 00 Strasbourg , France
| | - Martin Kalbac
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 2155/3 , 182 23 Prague , Czech Republic
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Herder M, Lehn JM. The Photodynamic Covalent Bond: Sensitized Alkoxyamines as a Tool To Shift Reaction Networks Out-of-Equilibrium Using Light Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7647-7657. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Herder
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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