1
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Kim JH, Kim JH, Jeong HS, Lee SJ, Park JP, Choi CH. Color-encoded multicompartmental hydrogel microspheres for multiplexed bioassays. Talanta 2024; 279:126571. [PMID: 39029178 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
We develop color-encoded multicompartmental hydrogel (MH) microspheres tailored for multiplexed bioassays using a drop-based microfluidic approach. Our method involves the creation of triple emulsion drops that feature thin sacrificial oil layers separating two prepolymer phases. This configuration leads to the formation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) multi-compartmental core-shell microspheres through photopolymerization, followed by the removal of the thin oil layers. The core compartments stably incorporate pigments, ensuring their retention within the hydrogel network without leakage, which facilitates reliable color encoding across varying spatial positions. Additionally, we introduce small molecule fluorescent labeling into the chemically functionalized shell compartments, achieving consistent distribution of functional components without the core's contamination. Importantly, our integrated one-pot conjugation of these color-encoded microspheres with affinity peptides enables the highly sensitive and selective detection of influenza virus antigens using a fluorescence bioassay, resulting in an especially low detection limit of 0.18 nM and 0.66 nM for influenza virus H1N1 and H5N1 antigens, respectively. This approach not only highlights the potential of our microspheres in clinical diagnostics but also paves the way for their application in a wide range of multiplexed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Jung Lee
- Major of Human Bio-convergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Zhu T, Wan L, Li R, Zhang M, Li X, Liu Y, Cai D, Lu H. Janus structure hydrogels: recent advances in synthetic strategies, biomedical microstructure and (bio)applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3003-3026. [PMID: 38695621 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm02051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Janus structure hydrogels (JSHs) are novel materials. Their primary fabrication methods and various applications have been widely reported. JSHs are primarily composed of Janus particles (JNPs) and polysaccharide components. They exhibit two distinct physical or chemical properties, generating intriguing characteristics due to their asymmetric structure. Normally, one side (adhesive interface) is predominantly constituted of polysaccharide components, primarily serving excellent adhesion. On the other side (functional surface), they integrate diverse functionalities, concurrently performing a plethora of synergistic functions. In the biomedical field, JSHs are widely applied in anti-adhesion, drug delivery, wound healing, and other areas. It also exhibits functions in seawater desalination and motion sensing. Thus, JSHs hold broad prospects for applications, and they possess significant research value in nanotechnology, environmental science, healthcare, and other fields. Additionally, this article proposes the challenges and future work facing these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifu Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Lei Wan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Mu Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Dingjun Cai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibin Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China.
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3
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Sha Z, Wang C, Ma R, Gao X, Sun S. Microfluidic synthesis of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads for multiplex immunoassay. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:407. [PMID: 36198915 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Uniform and monodisperse quantum dot (QD)-encoded magnetic microbeads with Janus structure were produced in a microfluidic device via photopolymerization. UV light through a microscope objective was used to solidify the microbeads which showed sharp interfaces and excellent magnetic responses. QDs with different emission peaks (450 nm for blue and 640 nm for red) were mixed at different ratios to provide three spectral codes. The QD-encoded microbeads can be distinguished by analyzing their fluorescent images in HSV color space. After hydrolysis of the anhydride group in alkaline solution, protein was immobilized on microbeads via activation of carboxyl groups using (1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminoprophyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS). A microhole array in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with a specific size was fabricated to trap individual microbeads in a single microhole. The combination of Janus-structured QD-encoded magnetic microbeads and microhole arrays facilitates both flexibility, binding kinetics, sensitivity for suspension assay, and fluorescence mapping analysis for conventional biochips, thus providing a novel platform for multiplex bioanalysis. The capability of this integration for multiplex immunoassays was verified using three kinds of IgG and their corresponding anti-IgG. A detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL was achieved for human IgG, indicating practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunnan Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuqing Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Healthcare Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Li K, Zhao Y, Shi W, Iyer H, Kim S, Brenden C, Sweedler JV, Vlasov Y. Attomole-Level Multiplexed Detection of Neurochemicals in Picoliter Droplets by On-Chip Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13804-13809. [PMID: 36166829 PMCID: PMC9558086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
While droplet microfluidics is becoming an effective
tool for biomedical research,
sensitive detection of droplet content is still challenging, especially
for multiplexed analytes compartmentalized within ultrasmall droplets
down to picoliter volumes. To enable such measurements, we demonstrate
a silicon-based integrated microfluidic platform for multiplexed analysis
of neurochemicals in picoliter droplets via nanoelectrospray ionization
(nESI)-mass spectrometry (MS). An integrated silicon microfluidic
chip comprising downscaled 7 μm-radius channels, a compact T-junction
for droplet generation, and an integrated nESI emitter tip is used
for segmentation of analytes into picoliter compartments and their
efficient delivery for subsequent MS detection. The developed system
demonstrates effective detection of multiple neurochemicals encapsulated
within oil-isolated plugs down to low picoliter volumes. Quantitative
measurements for each neurochemical demonstrate limits of detection
at the attomole level. Such results are promising for applications
involving label-free and small-volume detection for monitoring a range
of brain chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Keyin Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Weihua Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sungho Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher Brenden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yurii Vlasov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Kim JW, Han SH, Choi YH, Hamonangan WM, Oh Y, Kim SH. Recent advances in the microfluidic production of functional microcapsules by multiple-emulsion templating. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2259-2291. [PMID: 35608122 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-emulsion drops serve as versatile templates to design functional microcapsules due to their core-shell geometry and multiple compartments. Microfluidics has been used for the elaborate production of multiple-emulsion drops with a controlled composition, order, and dimensions, elevating the value of multiple-emulsion templates. Moreover, recent advances in the microfluidic control of the emulsification and parallelization of drop-making junctions significantly enhance the production throughput for practical use. Metastable multiple-emulsion drops are converted into stable microcapsules through the solidification of selected phases, among which solid shells are designed to function in a programmed manner. Functional microcapsules are used for the storage and release of active materials as drug carriers. Beyond their conventional uses, microcapsules can serve as microcompartments responsible for transmembrane communication, which is promising for their application in advanced microreactors, artificial cells, and microsensors. Given that post-processing provides additional control over the composition and construction of multiple-emulsion drops, they are excellent confining geometries to study the self-assembly of colloids and liquid crystals and produce miniaturized photonic devices. This review article presents the recent progress and current state of the art in the microfluidic production of multiple-emulsion drops, functionalization of solid shells, and applications of microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye Hun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wahyu Martumpal Hamonangan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonjin Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhao H, Yang Y, Chen Y, Li J, Wang L, Li C. A review of multiple Pickering emulsions: Solid stabilization, preparation, particle effect, and application. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Ji DD, Wu MX, Ding SN. Photonic crystal barcodes assembled from dendritic silica nanoparticles for the multiplex immunoassays of ovarian cancer biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:298-305. [PMID: 34985054 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01658j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined detection of CA125, CEA and AFP is of great significance in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes have apparent advantages in multiplex immunoassays of ovarian cancer markers. In this paper, a novel PhC barcode was assembled from dendritic silica nanoparticles (dSiO2) for multiplex detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers. The interconnected macroporous structure of the dSiO2 PhC beads and the open porous topography of dendritic silica particles could increase the surface area to volume ratio for antibody immobilization. We simultaneously detected multiple ovarian cancer markers in one test tube using the sandwich immunization method by utilizing dSiO2 PhC beads as a barcode and CdTe QDs as a detection signal. The detection limits of the three ovarian cancer markers, AFP, CEA and CA125, were 0.52 ng mL-1, 0.64 ng mL-1 and 0.79 U mL-1, respectively (the signal-to-noise ratio was 3). Compared with the classic silica colloidal crystal bead (SCCB) suspension array, the sensitivity of the dSiO2 PhC bead suspension array was increased. In addition, the results showed that this barcode suspension array had acceptable accuracy and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Mei-Xia Wu
- Lianshui People's Hospital, Jiangsu 223400, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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8
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Dannenberg PH, Wang J, Zhuo Y, Cho S, Kim KH, Yun SH. Droplet microfluidic generation of a million optical microparticle barcodes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:38109-38118. [PMID: 34808870 PMCID: PMC8687102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Micron-scale barcode particles enable labelling of small objects. Here, we demonstrate high-throughput barcode fabrication inside a microfluidic chip that can embed multiple, dye-doped high quality-factor whispering gallery mode cavities inside aqueous droplets at kilohertz rates. These droplets are then cured to form polyacrylamide hydrogel beads as small as 30 μm in diameter. Optical resonance spectra of the embedded cavities provide the hydrogels with unique barcodes with their diversity combinatorically scaled with the number of embedded cavities. Using 3 cavities per hydrogel, we obtain approximately one million uniquely identifiable, optically readable barcode microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Dannenberg
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Jie Wang
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Kwon-Hyeon Kim
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Liu X, Wu W, Cui D, Chen X, Li W. Functional Micro-/Nanomaterials for Multiplexed Biodetection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004734. [PMID: 34137090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When analyzing biological phenomena and processes, multiplexed biodetection has many advantages over single-factor biodetection and is highly relevant to both human health issues and advancements in the life sciences. However, many key problems with current multiplexed biodetection strategies remain unresolved. Herein, the main issues are analyzed and summarized: 1) generating sufficient signal to label targets, 2) improving the signal-to-noise ratio to ensure total detection sensitivity, and 3) simplifying the detection process to reduce the time and labor costs of multiple target detection. Then, available solutions made possible by designing and controlling the properties of micro- and nanomaterials are introduced. The aim is to emphasize the role that micro-/nanomaterials can play in the improvement of multiplexed biodetection strategies. Through analyzing existing problems, introducing state-of-the-art developments regarding relevant materials, and discussing future directions of the field, it is hopeful to help promote necessary developments in multiplexed biodetection and associated scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Wanwan Li
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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10
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Song R, Cho S, Shin S, Kim H, Lee J. From shaping to functionalization of micro-droplets and particles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3395-3416. [PMID: 36133725 PMCID: PMC9419121 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure of microdroplet and microparticle is a critical factor in their functionality, which determines the distribution and sequence of physicochemical reactions. Therefore, the technology of precisely tailoring their shape is requisite for implementing the user demand functions in various applications. This review highlights various methodologies for droplet shaping, classified into passive and active approaches based on whether additional body forces are applied to droplets to manipulate their functions and fabricate them into microparticles. The passive approaches cover batch emulsification, solvent evaporation and diffusion, micromolding, and microfluidic methods. In active approaches, the external forces, such as electrical and magnetic fields or optical lithography, are applied to microdroplets. Special attention is also given to latest technologies using microdroplets and microparticles, especially in the fields of biological, optical, robotic, and environmental applications. Finally, this review aims to address the advantages and disadvantages of the introduced approaches and suggests the direction for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seongsu Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seonghun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
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11
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Zhang M, Wang S, Zhu Y, Zhu Z, Si T, Xu RX. Programmable dynamic interfacial spinning of bioinspired microfibers with volumetric encoding. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1756-1768. [PMID: 34846505 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While artificially encoded microfibers inspired by biosynthetic fibrous microstructures are drawing considerable research attention, their practical applications are hindered by multiple limitations. Here, a programmable dynamic interfacial spinning (DIS) process is proposed for producing volume-encoded microfibers with superior encoding capacity and reliability. The produced microfibers comprise a sheath of deformed hydrogel encapsulating sequentially aligned droplets, with their morphologies controllable by adjusting the flow rates of the corresponding fluids and the vibration parameters of the spinning nozzle. In particular, microfibers with volumetric encoding of inner droplet sequence are constructed for information storage and encryption. With appropriate functionalization of volume-encoded microfibers, we have also demonstrated magnetic guidance and selective activation to simulate intravascular drug delivery. Our study implies the potential applications of the volume-encoded microfibers in information communication, drug delivery and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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12
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Hou M, Shi L, Zhou Y, Wang J, Jiang J, Jiang J, He J. Expanding the codes: The development of density-encoded hydrogel microcarriers for suspension arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113133. [PMID: 33744669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although suspension array technology (SAT), which uses encoded microspheres, provides high-quality results with versatile applicability for information-intensive bioanalytic applications, current encoding strategies limit the number of codes that can be distinguished. In this paper, we introduce density-encoded hydrogel microcarriers (DMs), which employ the intrinsic density property of biomaterials as a high-capacity coding dimension. Two hydrogel monomers were employed at different ratios to synthesize microgels with distinctive densities. DMs not only can be simultaneously decoded and separated using density gradient centrifugation, but also are compatible with flow cytometry detection. The size and color of DMs have been used as extra coding parameters, to construct an 8 × 2 × 4 (density × size × color) three-dimensionally encoded hydrogel microcarrier library. With aptamer-functionalized DMs (ADMs), we developed a 4-plex protein quantification method for the label-free detection of plasma biomarkers with sub-nanomolar detection limits and good linearities. Moreover, ADMs can be used for label-free naked-eye detection of tumor-derived exosomes. We believe that the simplicity and functionality of DMs will advance the field of suspension arrays and inspire the development of DM-based diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Liyang Shi
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yancen Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jianjun He
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Fu Q, Duan H, Song J, Yang H. Janus Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to (Bio)Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6147-6191. [PMID: 33739822 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) refer to the integration of two or more chemically discrepant composites into one structure system. Studies into JNPs have been of significant interest due to their interesting characteristics stemming from their asymmetric structures, which can integrate different functional properties and perform more synergetic functions simultaneously. Herein, we present recent progress of Janus particles, comprehensively detailing fabrication strategies and applications. First, the classification of JNPs is divided into three blocks, consisting of polymeric composites, inorganic composites, and hybrid polymeric/inorganic JNPs composites. Then, the fabrication strategies are alternately summarized, examining self-assembly strategy, phase separation strategy, seed-mediated polymerization, microfluidic preparation strategy, nucleation growth methods, and masking methods. Finally, various intriguing applications of JNPs are presented, including solid surfactants agents, micro/nanomotors, and biomedical applications such as biosensing, controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and combined theranostics. Furthermore, challenges and future works in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
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14
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Ma Y, He P, Xie W, Zhang Q, Yin W, Pan J, Wang M, Zhao X, Pan G. Dynamic Colloidal Photonic Crystal Hydrogels with Self-Recovery and Injectability. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9565402. [PMID: 33870200 PMCID: PMC8028842 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9565402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of self-recovery and diversity of natural photonic crystal (PC) structures remain great challenges for artificial PC materials. Motivated by the dynamic characteristics of PC nanostructures, here, we present a new strategy for the design of hydrogel-based artificial PC materials with reversible interactions in the periodic nanostructures. The dynamic PC hydrogels, derived from self-assembled microgel colloidal crystals, were tactfully constructed by reversible crosslinking of adjacent microgels in the ordered structure via phenylboronate covalent chemistry. As proof of concept, three types of dynamic colloidal PC hydrogels with different structural colors were prepared. All the hydrogels showed perfect self-healing ability against physical damage. Moreover, dynamic crosslinking within the microgel crystals enabled shear-thinning injection of the PC hydrogels through a syringe (indicating injectability or printability), followed by rapid recovery of the structural colors. In short, in addition to the great significance in biomimicry of self-healing function of natural PC materials, our work provides a facile strategy for the construction of diversified artificial PC materials for different applications such as chem-/biosensing, counterfeit prevention, optical display, and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.,Jiangsu Agrochem Laboratory, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, China
| | - Peiyan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wanli Xie
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiling Yin
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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15
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Jeong SG, Choi Y, Nam JO, Lee CS, Choi CH. Surface-tension-induced double emulsion drops via phase separation of polymeric fluid confined in micromolds for capsule templates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:1012-1020. [PMID: 32927168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple and rapid route to produce double emulsion drops by utilizing phase separation of the confined fluid in micromolds and surface-tension-induced drop formation. Specifically, we use cross-shaped micromolds containing prepolymer solution that phase-separates into two compartments upon addition of wetting fluid with separation agent (SA). Subsequently, Laplace pressure-driven flow allows it to form double emulsion drops without use of any surfactants and complex formulations of fluids. The size of each compartment in the emulsion drops can be controlled by tuning composition of the prepolymer solution and separation agent, making the double emulsion drops with varying shell thicknesses. The phase separation creates two compartments with different polarity (i.e. water-soluble and water-insoluble), enabling encapsulation of both hydrophilic and/-or hydrophobic cargoes in desired compartments depending on their solubility. In addition, we produce poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) hydrogel microcapsules by solidifying middle phase in the double emulsion drops; thus, hydrophilic large cargo loaded priorly in the core can be encapsulated within hydrogel shells. Finally, by taking advantage of hydrophilic-hydrophobic phase transition behavior of pNIPAm, we achieve encapsulation of small cargo via post-loading approach; the encapsulated cargo can be released by tuning temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Geun Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Zhang MJ, Zhang P, Qiu LD, Chen T, Wang W, Chu LY. Controllable microfluidic fabrication of microstructured functional materials. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:061501. [PMID: 33193936 PMCID: PMC7644275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microstructured functional materials such as microfibers and microparticles are widely used for a myriad of applications. Precise manipulation of the functional components and structure is important for the microstructured functional materials to achieve desired functions for advanced application. This review highlights the recent progress on the controllable microfluidic fabrication of microstructured functional materials from liquid templates. First, microfluidic strategies for controllable generation of liquid templates including laminar jets and emulsion droplets are introduced. Then, strategies for fabricating microfibers and microparticles with diverse structures and advanced functions from the liquid templates are highlighted. These strategies mainly focus on precisely engineering the functional components and microstructures of the microfibers and microparticles by tailoring those of their liquid templates to achieve desired advanced functions. Finally, future development of microfluidic techniques for industrial-scale production of the microstructured functional materials is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Jie Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Lian-Di Qiu
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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17
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Li P, Zhong Y, Wang X, Hao J. Enzyme-Regulated Healable Polymeric Hydrogels. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1507-1522. [PMID: 32999926 PMCID: PMC7517121 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-regulated healable polymeric hydrogels are a kind of emerging soft material capable of repairing the structural defects and recovering the hydrogel properties, wherein their fabrication, self-healing, or degradation is mediated by enzymatic reactions. Despite achievements that have been made in controllable cross-linking and de-cross-linking of hydrogels by utilizing enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the past few years, this substrate-specific strategy for regulating healable polymeric hydrogels remains in its infancy, because both the intelligence and practicality of current man-made enzyme-regulated healable materials are far below the levels of living organisms. A systematic summary of current achievements and a reasonable prospect at this point can play positive roles for the future development in this field. This Outlook focuses on the emerging and rapidly developing research area of bioinspired enzyme-regulated self-healing polymeric hydrogel systems. The enzymatic fabrication and degradation of healable polymeric hydrogels, as well as the enzymatically regulated self-healing of polymeric hydrogels, are reviewed. The functions and applications of the enzyme-regulated healable polymeric hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- National
Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhong
- National
Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National
Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key
Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and Key Laboratory of
Special Aggregated Materials of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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18
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Zhuo S, Liu Y, Li W, Ding Z, Li M, Li Q, Wang X, Liu J, Shao R, Ling Q, Zheng T, Li J. Three-dimensional ordered macroporous magnetic photonic crystal microspheres for enrichment and detection of mycotoxins (I): Droplet-based microfluidic self-assembly synthesis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461379. [PMID: 32797854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ordered porous materials are attracting enormous attention due to their uniform pore structures, particularly the magnetic photonic crystal microspheres (PCMs) which not only possess unique photonic crystal structure but also can achieve separation easily based on magnet. Here, a two-phase microfluidic self-assembly synthetic system was established simply and employed for the preparation of three dimensional PCMs (3DPCMs) by using the emulsion droplet approach. One phase (dispersed phase) was an aqueous emulsion containing Fe3O4, silica (SiO2) and polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles; another phase (continuous phase) was pure silicone oil. The droplets were formed by introducing the dispersed phase into the continuous phase through a tee valve. By heating the droplets, the water would evaporate and the nanoparticles would finally assemble into solid microspheres, which could be changed into macroporous 3DPCMs after removal of the PS nanoparticles by calcination. The contents and particle sizes of Fe3O4, SiO2 and PS nanoparticles in the dispersed phase were investigated in detail and optimized to prepare macroporous magnetic 3DPCMs with high quality. The morphologies, surface crystal structure, magnetic property, particle size distribution, specific surface area and pore size of the macroporous magnetic 3DPCMs were characterized. The expected 3DPCM displayed regular and uniform photonic crystal structure, narrow particle size distribution and strong magnetic property. The macroporous magnetic 3DPCMs grafted with vomitoxin (DON)-antibodies could be applied for selective enrichment of DON in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhuo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi Ding
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingda Li
- International High School Sino-American Class, Nanjing Foreign Language School Xianlin Campus, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Shao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianqian Ling
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tiesong Zheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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19
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Tian H, Zhao W, Liu X, Liu C, Peng N. Integrated Single Microbead-Arrayed μ-Fluidic Platform for the Automated Detection of Multiplexed Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:798-806. [PMID: 32046487 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An automated, single microbead-arrayed μ-fluidic immunoassay (AMIA) device is innovatively devised in this study, which enables the highly sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiplex biomarkers with fully automatic operations. The AMIA platform not only achieves automated assay processing and multiplexed target detection by integrating single microbead manipulation, sample loading, multistep washing, and immunoreaction on a microfluidic chip but also confers high sensitivity due to the highly efficient signal enriching effect on a single microbead by the use of only a routine sandwich immunoreaction. As such, as low as the pg/mL level of multiplexed protein biomarkers can be simultaneously determined in a quite small volume of serum (∼20 μL is enough), which can well meet the clinical demand for disease screening and prognosis. What is more, the detection results of several clinically important biomarkers in clinical samples with the AMIA platform exhibit excellent consistency with those obtained by using a standard clinical test. Thus, in virtue of the excellent features in terms of high sensitivity, multiplexing capability, generality, and high degree of automation, the AMIA provides a practical and user-friendly platform for assaying different biomarkers in clinical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Wenhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
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20
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Direct Conjugation of Streptavidin to Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplex Biomolecule Detection with Rapid Probe-Set Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030546. [PMID: 32138163 PMCID: PMC7182943 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoded hydrogel microparticles synthesized via flow lithography have drawn attention for multiplex biomarker detection due to their high multiplex capability and solution-like hybridization kinetics. However, the current methods for preparing particles cannot achieve a flexible, rapid probe-set modification, which is necessary for the production of various combinations of target panels in clinical diagnosis. In order to accomplish the unmet needs, streptavidin was incorporated into the encoded hydrogel microparticles to take advantage of the rapid streptavidin–biotin interactions that can be used in probe-set modification. However, the existing methods suffer from low efficiency of streptavidin conjugation, cause undesirable deformation of particles, and impair the assay capability. Here, we present a simple and powerful method to conjugate streptavidin to the encoded hydrogel microparticles for better assay performance and rapid probe-set modification. Streptavidin was directly conjugated to the encoded hydrogel microparticles using the aza-Michael addition click reaction, which can proceed in mild, aqueous condition without catalysts. A highly flexible and sensitive assay was developed to quantify DNA and proteins using streptavidin-conjugated encoded hydrogel microparticles. We also validated the potential applications of our particles conducting multiplex detection of cancer-related miRNAs.
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21
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Yang CG, Cheng L, Ye WQ, Zheng DH, Xu ZR. Preparation of encoded bar-like core-shell microparticles on a microfluidic chip. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Zhao Q, Cui H, Wang Y, Du X. Microfluidic Platforms toward Rational Material Fabrication for Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903798. [PMID: 31650698 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of micro/nanomaterials in recent decades has brought promising alternative approaches in various biomedicine-related fields such as pharmaceutics, diagnostics, and therapeutics. These micro/nanomaterials for specific biomedical applications shall possess tailored properties and functionalities that are closely correlated to their geometries, structures, and compositions, therefore placing extremely high demands for manufacturing techniques. Owing to the superior capabilities in manipulating fluids and droplets at microscale, microfluidics has offered robust and versatile platform technologies enabling rational design and fabrication of micro/nanomaterials with precisely controlled geometries, structures and compositions in high throughput manners, making them excellent candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. This review briefly summarizes the progress of microfluidics in the fabrication of various micro/nanomaterials ranging from 0D (particles), 1D (fibers) to 2D/3D (film and bulk materials) materials with controllable geometries, structures, and compositions. The applications of these microfluidic-based materials in the fields of diagnostics, drug delivery, organs-on-chips, tissue engineering, and stimuli-responsive biodevices are introduced. Finally, an outlook is discussed on the future direction of microfluidic platforms for generating materials with superior properties and on-demand functionalities. The integration of new materials and techniques with microfluidics will pave new avenues for preparing advanced micro/nanomaterials with enhanced performance for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518035, China
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23
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Xi G, Liu W, Chen M, Li Q, Hao X, Wang M, Yang X, Feng Y, He H, Shi C, Li W. Polysaccharide-Based Lotus Seedpod Surface-Like Porous Microsphere with Precise and Controllable Micromorphology for Ultrarapid Hemostasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46558-46571. [PMID: 31769962 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid water absorption rate has become a bottleneck that limits ultrarapid hemostatic performance of hemostatic microspheres. Herein, we reported a "lotus seedpod surface-like" polysaccharide hemostatic microsphere (PHM) with "macropits on surface" morphology and "micropores in macropits" structure. Unique macropits on surface can promote the water absorption rate because they are advantageous to quickly guide blood into the micropores. Special micropores are internally connected with each other, which endows PHM4 with high water absorption ratio. During the process of blood entering the micropores from micropits, the pore size decreases gradually. In this way, blood clotting factors could be rapidly concentrated. PHM4 showed the highest water absorption rate (40.7 mL/s/cm2) and rapid hemostatic property in vivo (hemostatic time shortened from 210 to 45 s). Lotus seedpod surface-like PHMs are believed to have further clinical application as an effective hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325011 , China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325011 , China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Texas A&M University College of Dentistry , Dallas , Texas 75246 , United States
| | - Xiao Hao
- Cardiovascular Division 1 , Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050051 , China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325000 , China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology , Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Changcan Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325027 , China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Institute , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wenzhou , Zhejiang 325011 , China
| | - Wenzhong Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Free University of Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , Berlin 14195 , Germany
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Wang L, Wang J. Self-assembly of colloids based on microfluidics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16708-16722. [PMID: 31469374 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloids provides a powerful way for the construction of complex multi-scale materials. Microfluidic techniques possess great potential to precisely control the assembly of micro- and nano-scale building blocks via the rational design of various microfluidic environments. In this review, we first discuss the self-assembly of colloids without templates by using the laminar microfluidic technique. The self-assembly of colloids based on a droplet as a template was subsequently summarized and discussed via droplet microfluidic technique. Moreover, the evaporation-driven self-assembly of colloids in microfluidic channels has been discussed and analysed. Finally, the representative applications in this field have been pointed out. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art on the self-assembly of colloids based on various microfluidic techniques, exhibit their representative applications, and point out the current challenges in this field, hoping to inspire and guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- MIIT Key laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Zheng K, Chen C, Chen X, Xu M, Chen L, Hu Y, Bai Y, Liu B, Yan C, Wang H, Li J. Graphically encoded suspension array for multiplex immunoassay and quantification of autoimmune biomarkers in patient sera. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 132:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Microfluidic Fabrication of Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Application in Multiplex Immunoassay. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Barcoded bioassays are ready to promote bioanalysis and biomedicine toward the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology
- Beijing
| | - Yong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology
- Beijing
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for NanoScience and Technology
- Beijing
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Zhang F, He Y, Fu K, Fu L, Zhang B, Wang H, Zou G. Dual-wavebands-resolved electrochemiluminescence multiplexing immunoassay with dichroic mirror assistant photomultiplier-tubes as detectors. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 115:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Li W, Zhang L, Ge X, Xu B, Zhang W, Qu L, Choi CH, Xu J, Zhang A, Lee H, Weitz DA. Microfluidic fabrication of microparticles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5646-5683. [PMID: 29999050 PMCID: PMC6140344 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics offers exquisite control over the flows of multiple fluids in microscale, enabling fabrication of advanced microparticles with precisely tunable structures and compositions in a high throughput manner. The combination of these remarkable features with proper materials and fabrication methods has enabled high efficiency, direct encapsulation of actives in microparticles whose features and functionalities can be well controlled. These microparticles have great potential in a wide range of bio-related applications including drug delivery, cell-laden matrices, biosensors and even as artificial cells. In this review, we briefly summarize the materials, fabrication methods, and microparticle structures produced with droplet microfluidics. We also provide a comprehensive overview of their recent uses in biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and perspectives to promote the future development of these engineered microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Polymer Materials, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Street, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang H, Shang L, Yu Y, Fu F, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Bioinspired Heterogeneous Structural Color Stripes from Capillaries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1704569. [PMID: 29044776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of many creatures, structural colors play a crucial role in the survival of organisms. Inspired by these features, an intelligent structural color material with a heterogeneous striped pattern and stimuli-responsivity by fast self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles in capillaries with a certain diameter range are presented here. The width, spacing, color, and even combination of the structural color stripe patterns can be precisely tailored by adjusting the self-assembly parameters. Attractively, with the integration of a near-infrared (NIR) light responsive graphene hydrogel into the structural color stripe pattern, the materials are endowed with light-controlled reversible bending behavior with self-reporting color indication. It is demonstrated that the striped structural color materials can be used as NIR-light-triggered dynamic barcode labels for the anti-counterfeiting of different products. These features of the bioinspired structural color stripe pattern materials indicate their potential values for mimicking structural color organisms, which will find important applications in constructing intelligent sensors, anti-counterfeiting devices, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Chen Z, Mo M, Fu F, Shang L, Wang H, Liu C, Zhao Y. Antibacterial Structural Color Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38901-38907. [PMID: 29027783 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Structural color hydrogels with lasting survivability are important for many applications, but they still lack anti-biodegradation capability. Thus, we herein present novel antibacterial structural color hydrogels by simply integrating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in situ into the hydrogel materials. Because the integrated AgNPs possessed wide and excellent antibacterial abilities, the structural color hydrogels could prevent bacterial adhesion, avoid hydrogel damage, and maintain their vivid structural colors during their application and storage. It was demonstrated that the AgNP-tagged poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) structural color hydrogels could retain their original thermal-responsive color transition even when the AgNP-free hydrogels were degraded by bacteria and that the AgNP-integrated self-healing structural color protein hydrogels could save their self-repairing property instead of being degraded by bacteria. These features indicated that the antibacterial structural color hydrogels could be amenable to a variety of practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Min Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Cihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and ‡Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhong-Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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Kim HN, Vahidinia S, Holt AL, Sweeney AM, Yang S. Geometric Design of Scalable Forward Scatterers for Optimally Efficient Solar Transformers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702922. [PMID: 29034980 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It will be ideal to deliver equal, optimally efficient "doses" of sunlight to all cells in a photobioreactor system, while simultaneously utilizing the entire solar resource. Backed by the numerical scattering simulation and optimization, here, the design, synthesis, and characterization of the synthetic iridocytes that recapitulated the salient forward-scattering behavior of the Tridacnid clam system are reported, which presents the first geometric solution to allow narrow, precise forward redistribution of flux, utilizing the solar resource at the maximum quantum efficiency possible in living cells. The synthetic iridocytes are composed of silica nanoparticles in microspheres embedded in gelatin, both are low refractive index materials and inexpensive. They show wavelength selectivity, have little loss (the back-scattering intensity is reduced to less than ≈0.01% of the forward-scattered intensity), and narrow forward scattering cone similar to giant clams. Moreover, by comparing experiments and theoretical calculation, it is confirmed that the nonuniformity of the scatter sizes is a "feature not a bug" of the design, allowing for efficient, forward redistribution of solar flux in a micrometer-scaled paradigm. This method is environmentally benign, inexpensive, and scalable to produce optical components that will find uses in efficiency-limited solar conversion technologies, heat sinks, and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sanaz Vahidinia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22203, USA
| | - Amanda L Holt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alison M Sweeney
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Luan C, Xu Y, Fu F, Wang H, Xu Q, Chen B, Zhao Y. Responsive photonic barcodes for sensitive multiplex bioassay. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14111-14117. [PMID: 28902202 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Barcodes have a demonstrated value for multiplex high-throughput bioassays. The tendency of this technology is to pursue high sensitivity target screening. Herein, we presented a new type of inverse opal-structured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel photonic crystal (PhC) barcodes with the function of fluorescent signal self-amplification for the detection. During the bio-reaction process at body temperature, the pNIPAM hydrogel barcodes kept swelling, and their inverse opal structure with interconnected pores provided unblocked channels for the targets to diffuse into the voids of the barcodes and react. During the detection process, the barcodes were kept at a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) to shrink their volume; this resulted in an obvious increase in the density of fluorescent molecules and signal amplification. It was demonstrated that the responsive barcodes could achieve the limits of detection (LOD) of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 0.623 ng mL-1 and 0.492 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the proposed barcodes showed good multiplex detection capacity with acceptable cross-reactivity, accuracy, and reproducibility, and the results were consistent with those of common clinical laboratory methods for the detection of clinical samples. These features of the inverse opal-structured responsive hydrogel barcodes indicate that they are ideal technology for high-sensitive multiplex bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Luan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Fu F, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Wang H, Shang L, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Bio-inspired self-healing structural color hydrogel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5900-5905. [PMID: 28533368 PMCID: PMC5468601 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703616114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically inspired self-healing structural color hydrogels were developed by adding a glucose oxidase (GOX)- and catalase (CAT)-filled glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA hydrogel into methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) inverse opal scaffolds. The composite hydrogel materials with the polymerized GelMA scaffold could maintain the stability of an inverse opal structure and its resultant structural colors, whereas the protein hydrogel filler could impart self-healing capability through the reversible covalent attachment of glutaraldehyde to lysine residues of BSA and enzyme additives. A series of unprecedented structural color materials could be created by assembling and healing the elements of the composite hydrogel. In addition, as both the GelMA and the protein hydrogels were derived from organisms, the composite materials presented high biocompatibility and plasticity. These features of self-healing structural color hydrogels make them excellent functional materials for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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36
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Hong HJ, Koom WS, Koh WG. Cell Microarray Technologies for High-Throughput Cell-Based Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1293. [PMID: 28587242 PMCID: PMC5492771 DOI: 10.3390/s17061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the recent demand for high-throughput cellular assays, a lot of efforts have been made on miniaturization of cell-based biosensors by preparing cell microarrays. Various microfabrication technologies have been used to generate cell microarrays, where cells of different phenotypes are immobilized either on a flat substrate (positional array) or on particles (solution or suspension array) to achieve multiplexed and high-throughput cell-based biosensing. After introducing the fabrication methods for preparation of the positional and suspension cell microarrays, this review discusses the applications of the cell microarray including toxicology, drug discovery and detection of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
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Abstract
Droplet microfluidics generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels. Due to its remarkable advantages, droplet microfluidics bears significant value in an extremely wide range of area. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth insight into droplet microfluidics, covering fundamental research from microfluidic chip fabrication and droplet generation to the applications of droplets in bio(chemical) analysis and materials generation. The purpose of this review is to convey the fundamentals of droplet microfluidics, a critical analysis on its current status and challenges, and opinions on its future development. We believe this review will promote communications among biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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38
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Synthesis of amphiphilic fluorescent copolymers with smart pH sensitivity via RAFT polymerization and their application in cell imaging. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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Huang Y, Li W, Qin M, Zhou H, Zhang X, Li F, Song Y. Printable Functional Chips Based on Nanoparticle Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1503339. [PMID: 28102576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With facile manufacturability and modifiability, impressive nanoparticles (NPs) assembly applications were performed for functional patterned devices, which have attracted booming research attention due to their increasing applications in high-performance optical/electrical devices for sensing, electronics, displays, and catalysis. By virtue of easy and direct fabrication to desired patterns, high throughput, and low cost, NPs assembly printing is one of the most promising candidates for the manufacturing of functional micro-chips. In this review, an overview of the fabrications and applications of NPs patterned assembly by printing methods, including inkjet printing, lithography, imprinting, and extended printing techniques is presented. The assembly processes and mechanisms on various substrates with distinct wettabilities are deeply discussed and summarized. Via manipulating the droplet three phase contact line (TCL) pinning or slipping, the NPs contracted in ink are controllably assembled following the TCL, and generate novel functional chips and correlative integrate devices. Finally, the perspective of future developments and challenges is presented and widely exhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Zhongguancun North First Street No. 2, 100190, Beijing, PR China
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Lee TY, Choi TM, Shim TS, Frijns RAM, Kim SH. Microfluidic production of multiple emulsions and functional microcapsules. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3415-40. [PMID: 27470590 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in microfluidics have enabled the controlled production of multiple-emulsion drops with onion-like topology. The multiple-emulsion drops possess an intrinsic core-shell geometry, which makes them useful as templates to create microcapsules with a solid membrane. High flexibility in the selection of materials and hierarchical order, achieved by microfluidic technologies, has provided versatility in the membrane properties and microcapsule functions. The microcapsules are now designed not just for storage and release of encapsulants but for sensing microenvironments, developing structural colours, and many other uses. This article reviews the current state of the art in the microfluidic-based production of multiple-emulsion drops and functional microcapsules. The three main sections of this paper discuss distinct microfluidic techniques developed for the generation of multiple emulsions, four representative methods used for solid membrane formation, and various applications of functional microcapsules. Finally, we outline the current limitations and future perspectives of microfluidics and microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.
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41
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Pinch-off of microfluidic droplets with oscillatory velocity of inner phase flow. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31436. [PMID: 27511300 PMCID: PMC4980598 DOI: 10.1038/srep31436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
When one liquid is introduced into another immiscible one, it ultimately fragments due to hydrodynamic instability. In contrast to neck pinch-off without external actuation, the viscous two-fluid system subjected to an oscillatory flow demonstrates higher efficiency in breaking fluid threads. However, the underlying dynamics of this process is less well understood. Here we show that the neck-thinning rate is accelerated by the amplitude of oscillation. By simply evaluating the momentum transfer from external actuation, we derive a dimensionless pre-factor to quantify the accelerated pinch-off. Our data ascribes the acceleration to the non-negligible inner fluid inertia, which neutralizes the inner phase viscous stress that retards the pinch-off. Moreover, we characterize an equivalent neck-thinning behavior between an actuated system and its unactuated counterpart with decreased viscosity ratio. Finally, we demonstrate that oscillation is capable of modulating satellite droplet formation by shifting the pinch-off location. Our study would be useful for manipulating fluids at microscale by external forcing.
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42
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Fu F, Shang L, Zheng F, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang J, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Cells Cultured on Core-Shell Photonic Crystal Barcodes for Drug Screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13840-8. [PMID: 27214156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective drug screening platforms is an important task for biomedical engineering. Here, a novel methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel-encapsulated core-shell photonic crystal (PhC) barcode particle was developed for three-dimensional cell aggregation culture and drug screening. The GelMA shells of the barcode particles enable creation of a three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment for cell adhesion and growth, while the PhC cores of the barcode particles provide stable diffraction peaks that can encode different cell spheroids during culture and distinguish their biological response during drug testing. The applicability of this cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform was investigated by testing the cytotoxic effect of tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), on barcode particle-loaded liver HepG2 and HCT-116 colonic tumor cell spheroids. The cytotoxicity of TF against the HCT-116 tumor cell spheroids was enhanced in systems using cocultures of HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells, indicating the effectiveness of this multiple cell spheroids-on-barcodes platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fuyin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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43
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A quantum dot-spore nanocomposite pH sensor. Talanta 2016; 150:184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Droplet Breakup in Expansion-contraction Microchannels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21527. [PMID: 26899018 PMCID: PMC4761913 DOI: 10.1038/srep21527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the influences of expansion-contraction microchannels on droplet breakup in capillary microfluidic devices. With variations in channel dimension, local shear stresses at the injection nozzle and focusing orifice vary, significantly impacting flow behavior including droplet breakup locations and breakup modes. We observe transition of droplet breakup location from focusing orifice to injection nozzle, and three distinct types of recently-reported tip-multi-breaking modes. By balancing local shear stresses and interfacial tension effects, we determine the critical condition for breakup location transition, and characterize the tip-multi-breaking mode quantitatively. In addition, we identify the mechanism responsible for the periodic oscillation of inner fluid tip in tip-multi-breaking mode. Our results offer fundamental understanding of two-phase flow behaviors in expansion-contraction microstructures, and would benefit droplet generation, manipulation and design of microfluidic devices.
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45
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Li B, He M, Ramirez L, George J, Wang J. Multifunctional Hydrogel Microparticles by Polymer-Assisted Photolithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4158-4164. [PMID: 26821173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although standard lithography has been the most common technique in micropatterning, ironically it has not been adopted to produce multifunctional hydrogel microparticles, which are highly useful for bioassays. We address this issue by developing a negative photoresist-like polymer system, which is basically comprised of polyethylene glycol (PEG) triacrylate as cross-linking units and long-chain polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the supporting scaffold. We leverage standard lithography to manufacture multilayer microparticles that are intrinsically hydrophilic, low-autofluorescent, and chemically reactive. The versatility of the microparticles is demonstrated to be color-encoded, pore-controllable, bioactive, and potentially used as a DNA bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Muhan He
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lisa Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Justin George
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York 12222, United States
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York , Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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46
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Juang DS, Hsu CH. Self-concentrating buoyant glass microbubbles for high sensitivity immunoassays. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:459-464. [PMID: 26620967 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the novel application of a material with self-concentrating properties for enhancing the sensitivity of immunoassays. Termed as glass microbubbles, they are antibody functionalized buoyant hollow glass microspheres that simultaneously float and concentrate into a dense monolayer when dispensed in a liquid droplet. This self-concentrating charactaristic of the microbubbles allow for autonomous signal localization, which translates to a higher sensitivity compared to other microparticle-based immunoassays. We then demonstrated a "microbubble array" platform consisting of the glass microbubbles floating in a microfluidic liquid hemisphere array for performing multiplex immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane S Juang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan. and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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Sim JY, Lee GH, Kim SH. Microfluidic Design of Magnetoresponsive Photonic Microcylinders with Multicompartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:4938-4945. [PMID: 26172959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal photonic structures have been designed to have granular format to use them for paint pigments, encoded carriers, and display pixels. However, conventional approaches only provide spherical or discoid shapes, restricting their applications. Cylindrical granules with fan-shaped compartments in the cross section are appealing for microcarriers with abundant optical codes and active display pigments for color switching. In this work, a stratified laminar flow of concentrated silica particles is employed, formed in a cylindrical microchannel, to produce cylindrical photonic microparticles with multiple compartments. To accomplish this, a microfluidic device is designed to have one cylindrical main channel connected with four branch channels. Four different photocurable suspensions are independently injected through the branches to form quarter-cylindrically compartmentalized streams in the main channel. Local ultraviolet irradiation on the main channel polymerizes the suspension, thereby forming cylindrical microparticles with four compartments. In each compartment, silica particles form ordered array which develops particle size-dependent structural color. Therefore, different colors can be incorporated into single microcylinder by employing different sizes of silica particles. Moreover, one of the compartments can be rendered to be magnetoresponsive by embedding aligned magnetic particles, which enables the remote control of microcylinder orientation and therefore the switching of structural colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Gun Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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Zhou J, Xu S, Zhang J, Qiu J. Upconversion luminescence behavior of single nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15026-15036. [PMID: 26119753 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have made a significant and valuable contribution to materials science, photophysics, and biomedicine due to their specific spectroscopic characteristics. However, the ensemble spectroscopy of UCNPs is limited because of the electronic behavior in average effect, which ignores the fact that these nanoparticles are heterogeneous. With regards to the research focus on heterogeneous intrinsic structures, unique photophysical phenomena, and advanced applications, the optical characterization of single UCNPs have been promoted to the frontier development of the UCNPs community. In this review, we give an overview of the importance of single UCNPs characterization, typical principles of UC, and single particle detection methods. Considerable emphasis is placed on the specific spectroscopic study of single UCNPs, which shows fantastic photophysical phenomena beyond ensemble measurement. Parallel efforts are devoted to the current applications of single UCNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Honglawan A, Kim DS, Beller DA, Yoon DK, Gharbi MA, Stebe KJ, Kamien RD, Yang S. Synergistic assembly of nanoparticles in smectic liquid crystals. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:7367-7375. [PMID: 26271339 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report synergistic co-assembly between smectic A liquid crystal (SmA LC) and planar anchoring fluorosilane functionalized silica (F-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). Both scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) patterns show that when cooled from the isotropic phase to SmA phase, F-SiO2 NPs (100-500 nm in diameter) migrate from the bottom to the top of the LC film through the central cusp defects of toric focal conic domains (TFCDs). When the NPs form a monolayer on top, replacing the LC/air interface, vertically aligned SmA layers are formed between the top and bottom planar surfaces. When F-SiO2 NP diameter is small (<500 nm), we observe a weak-anchoring regime, where NPs do not cause appreciable layer curvature and NP migration is driven by surface energy. When F-SiO2 particle diameter > 500 nm, strong distortions occur in the smectic layers, and the particle is found suspended at the TFCD defect core. The knowledge of the intermediate states of the NP/LC hybrid structures will provide valuable insights to assemble functional nanomaterials such as quantum dots and metallic NPs in an anisotropic medium, and take advantage of their collective assembly behaviors to create more complex and dynamic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiradee Honglawan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Towne Building, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Tip-multi-breaking in Capillary Microfluidic Devices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11102. [PMID: 26077155 PMCID: PMC4468424 DOI: 10.1038/srep11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report tip-multi-breaking (TMB) mode of droplet breakup in capillary microfluidic devices. This new mode appears in a region embraced by Cai = 0 and lg(Cai) = -8.371(Ca0) -7.36 with Ca0 varying from 0.35 to 0.63 on the Cai - Ca0 phase diagram, Cai and Ca0 being the capillary numbers of inner and outer fluids, respectively. The mode is featured with a periodic, constant-speed thinning of the inner liquid tip and periodic formation of a sequence of droplets. The droplet number n in a sequence is determined by and increases with outer phase capillary number, and varies from two to over ten. The distribution of both pinch-off time and size of the droplets in a sequence is a geometric progression of common ratio that depends exclusively on and increases monotonically with the droplet number from its minimum value of 0.5 at n = 2 to its maximum value of 1 as n tends to infinity. These features can help identify the unique geometric morphology of droplet clusters and make them promising candidates for encryption and anti-fake identification.
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