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Nolte RJM, Elemans JAAW. Artificial Processive Catalytic Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304230. [PMID: 38314967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Processive catalysts remain attached to a substrate and perform multiple rounds of catalysis. They are abundant in nature. This review highlights artificial processive catalytic systems, which can be divided into (A) catalytic rings that move along a polymer chain, (B) catalytic pores that hold polymer chains and decompose them, (C) catalysts that remain attached to and move around a cyclic substrate via supramolecular interactions, and (D) anchored catalysts that remain in contact with a substrate via multiple catalytic interactions (see frontispiece).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 125, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The, Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 125, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The, Netherlands
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2
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Prabhakar PK, Khurana N, Vyas M, Sharma V, Batiha GES, Kaur H, Singh J, Kumar D, Sharma N, Kaushik A, Kumar R. Aspects of Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Its Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020451. [PMID: 36839773 PMCID: PMC9960567 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus, a causative agent of the common cold to a much more complicated disease such as "severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV-2), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)", is a member of the coronaviridae family and contains a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 26-32 kilobase pairs. COVID-19 has shown very high mortality and morbidity and imparted a significantly impacted socioeconomic status. There are many variants of SARS-CoV-2 that have originated from the mutation of the genetic material of the original coronavirus. This has raised the demand for efficient treatment/therapy to manage newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infections successfully. However, different types of vaccines have been developed and administered to patients but need more attention because COVID-19 is not under complete control. In this article, currently developed nanotechnology-based vaccines are explored, such as inactivated virus vaccines, mRNA-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, S-protein-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, etc. One of the important aspects of vaccines is their administration inside the host body wherein nanotechnology can play a very crucial role. Currently, more than 26 nanotechnology-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates are in various phases of clinical trials. Nanotechnology is one of the growing fields in drug discovery and drug delivery that can also be used for the tackling of coronavirus. Nanotechnology can be used in various ways to design and develop tools and strategies for detection, diagnosis, and therapeutic and vaccine development to protect against COVID-19. The design of instruments for speedy, precise, and sensitive diagnosis, the fabrication of potent sanitizers, the delivery of extracellular antigenic components or mRNA-based vaccines into human tissues, and the administration of antiretroviral medicines into the organism are nanotechnology-based strategies for COVID-19 management. Herein, we discuss the application of nanotechnology in COVID-19 vaccine development and the challenges and opportunities in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jashanpreet Singh
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Sciences, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (R.K.)
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Vaccines platforms and COVID-19: what you need to know. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:20. [PMID: 35965345 PMCID: PMC9537331 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is the third zoonotic coronavirus since the beginning of the 21 first century, and it has taken more than 6 million human lives because of the lack of immunity causing global economic losses. Consequently, developing a vaccine against the virus represents the fastest way to finish the threat and regain some "normality." OBJECTIVE Here, we provide information about the main features of the most important vaccine platforms, some of them already approved, to clear common doubts fostered by widespread misinformation and to reassure the public of the safety of the vaccination process and the different alternatives presented. METHODS Articles published in open access databases until January 2022 were identified using the search terms "SARS-CoV-2," "COVID-19," "Coronavirus," "COVID-19 Vaccines," "Pandemic," COVID-19, and LMICs or their combinations. DISCUSSION Traditional first-generation vaccine platforms, such as whole virus vaccines (live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines), as well as second-generation vaccines, like protein-based vaccines (subunit and viral vector vaccines), and third-generation vaccines, such as nanoparticle and genetic vaccines (mRNA vaccines), are described. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 sequence information obtained in a record time provided the basis for the fast development of a COVID-19 vaccine. The adaptability characteristic of the new generation of vaccines is changing our capability to react to emerging threats to future pandemics. Nevertheless, the slow and unfair distribution of vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and the spread of misinformation are a menace to global health since the unvaccinated will increase the chances for resurgences and the surge of new variants that can escape the current vaccines.
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Xu C, Lei C, Hosseinpour S, Ivanovski S, Walsh LJ, Khademhosseini A. Nanotechnology for the management of COVID-19 during the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac124. [PMID: 36196115 PMCID: PMC9522393 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the global COVID-19 pandemic, nanotechnology has been at the forefront of research efforts and enables the fast development of diagnostic tools, vaccines and antiviral treatment for this novel virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we first summarize nanotechnology with regard to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, including nanoparticle-based techniques such as rapid antigen testing, and nanopore-based sequencing and sensing techniques. Then we investigate nanotechnology as it applies to the development of COVID-19 vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomaterials. We also highlight nanotechnology for the post-pandemic era, by providing tools for the battle with SARS-CoV-2 variants and for enhancing the global distribution of vaccines. Nanotechnology not only contributes to the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provides platforms for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, vaccines and antiviral drugs of possible future virus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Chang Lei
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland , St Lucia, QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Sepanta Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
- Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation , Los Angeles , CA 90064 , USA
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5
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Mir I, Aamir S, Shah SRH, Shahid M, Amin I, Afzal S, Nawaz A, Khan MU, Idrees M. Immune-related therapeutics: an update on antiviral drugs and vaccines to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:84-100. [PMID: 35538681 PMCID: PMC9091641 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with a reported fatality rate ranging from 1% to 7%, and people with immune-compromised conditions, children, and older adults are particularly vulnerable. Respiratory failure and cytokine storm-induced multiple organ failure are the major causes of death. This article highlights the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of host cells activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible therapeutic approaches against COVID-19. Some potential drugs proven to be effective for other viral diseases are under clinical trials now for use against COVID-19. Examples include inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin), viral protein synthesis (ivermectin, lopinavir/ritonavir), and fusion of the viral membrane with host cells (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, and umifenovir). This article also presents the intellectual groundwork for the ongoing development of vaccines in preclinical and clinical trials, explaining potential candidates (live attenuated-whole virus vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nanoparticle-based vaccines, virus-like particles and mRNA-based vaccines). Designing and developing an effective vaccine (both prophylactic and therapeutic) would be a long-term solution and the most effective way to eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic.
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6
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Sargazi S, Mohammadghasemipour Z, Shams Z, Hesari Z, Shahraki O, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R, Shirvalilou S. SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viruses: Strategies to Cope with Co-infection and Bioinformatics Perspective. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1009-1020. [PMID: 35322909 PMCID: PMC9083817 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost a century after the devastating pandemic of the Spanish flu, humankind is facing the relatively comparable global outbreak of COVID‐19. COVID‐19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 with an unprecedented transmission pattern. In the face of the recent repercussions of COVID‐19, many have argued that the clinical experience with influenza through the last century may have tremendous implications in the containment of this newly emerged viral disease. During the last 2 years, from the emergence of COVID‐19, tremendous advances have been made in diagnosing and treating coinfections. Several approved vaccines are available now for the primary prevention of COVID‐19 and specific treatments exist to alleviate symptoms. The present review article aims to discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A virus coinfection while delivering a bioinformatics‐based insight into this subject matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadghasemipour
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Zinat Shams
- Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hashemi B, Akram FA, Amirazad H, Dadashpour M, Sheervalilou M, Nasrabadi D, Ahmadi M, Sheervalilou R, Ameri Shah Reza M, Ghazi F, Roshangar L. Emerging importance of nanotechnology-based approaches to control the COVID-19 pandemic; focus on nanomedicine iterance in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022; 67:102967. [PMID: 34777586 PMCID: PMC8576597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019, which has tremendously concerned global health safety, is the result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 with high morbidity and mortality. Because of the coronavirus has no specific treatment, so it is necessary to early detection and produce antiviral agents and efficacious vaccines in order to prevent the contagion of coronavirus. Due to the unique properties of nanomaterials, nanotechnology appears to be a highly relevant discipline in this global emergency, providing expansive chemical functionalization to develop advanced biomedical tools. Fascinatingly, nanomedicine as a hopeful approach for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases, could efficiently help success the fight among coronavirus and host cells. In this review, we will critically discuss how nanomedicine can play an indispensable role in creating useful treatments and diagnostics for coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hashemi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Firouzi-Amandi Akram
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Amirazad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Milad Sheervalilou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Nasrabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Farhood Ghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Harada A, Takashima Y, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H. Supramolecular Polymers and Materials Formed by Host-Guest Interactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Harada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akihito Hashidzume
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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9
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10
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Shahzamani K, Mahmoudian F, Ahangarzadeh S, Ranjbar MM, Beikmohammadi L, Bahrami S, Mohammadi E, Esfandyari S, Alibakhshi A, Javanmard SH. Vaccine design and delivery approaches for COVID-19. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108086. [PMID: 34454291 PMCID: PMC8380485 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still a deadly disease that remains yet a major challenge for humans. In recent times, many large pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical companies have invested a lot of time and cost in fighting this disease. In this regard, today's scientific knowledge shows that designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to diminish the disease burden and dissemination or even eradicate the disease. Due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. New technologies have also helped to produce much more effective vaccines, although the potential side effects must be taken into account. Thus, in this review, the types of vaccines and vaccine designs made against COVID-19, the vaccination programs, as well as the delivery methods and molecules that have been used to deliver some vaccines that need a carrier will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Shahzamani
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (lGHRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahmoudian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Beikmohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6559 Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Bahrami
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohammadi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Core Research Facilities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Malik YS, Kumar P, Ansari MI, Hemida MG, El Zowalaty ME, Abdel-Moneim AS, Ganesh B, Salajegheh S, Natesan S, Sircar S, Safdar M, Vinodhkumar OR, Duarte PM, Patel SK, Klein J, Rahimi P, Dhama K. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Extrapolation for COVID Diagnosis and Vaccine Development. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:607886. [PMID: 34395515 PMCID: PMC8355592 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.607886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affecting nearly 71.2 million humans in more than 191 countries, with more than 1.6 million mortalities as of 12 December, 2020. The spike glycoprotein (S-protein), anchored onto the virus envelope, is the trimer of S-protein comprised of S1 and S2 domains which interacts with host cell receptors and facilitates virus-cell membrane fusion. The S1 domain comprises of a receptor binding domain (RBD) possessing an N-terminal domain and two subdomains (SD1 and SD2). Certain regions of S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 such as S2 domain and fragment of the RBD remain conserved despite the high selection pressure. These conserved regions of the S-protein are extrapolated as the potential target for developing molecular diagnostic techniques. Further, the S-protein acts as an antigenic target for different serological assay platforms for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies can be used to detect viral proteins in ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays. The S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 has very high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-1, and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-1 cross-react with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and neutralize its activity. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyclonal antibodies targeted against the RBD of S-protein of SARS-CoV-1 can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 thus inhibiting its infectivity in permissive cell lines. Research on coronaviral S-proteins paves the way for the development of vaccines that may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and alleviate the current global coronavirus pandemic. However, specific neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 are in clinical development. Therefore, neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S-protein are promising specific antiviral therapeutics for pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hereby review the approaches taken by researchers across the world to use spike gene and S-glycoprotein for the development of effective diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics against SARA-CoV-2 infection the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Maged G. Hemida
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Laboratory Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Chennai, India
| | - Sina Salajegheh
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - O. R. Vinodhkumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Phelipe M. Duarte
- Veterinarian, Professor at the Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade de Cuiabá, Primavera do Leste, Brazil
| | - Shailesh K. Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Jörn Klein
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Parastoo Rahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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12
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Asdaq SMB, Ikbal AMA, Sahu RK, Bhattacharjee B, Paul T, Deka B, Fattepur S, Widyowati R, Vijaya J, Al mohaini M, Alsalman AJ, Imran M, Nagaraja S, Nair AB, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN. Nanotechnology Integration for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis and Treatment: An Approach to Preventing Pandemic. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1841. [PMID: 34361227 PMCID: PMC8308419 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is the COVID-19 disease, which has caused massive health devastation, prompting the World Health Organization to declare a worldwide health emergency. The corona virus infected millions of people worldwide, and many died as a result of a lack of particular medications. The current emergency necessitates extensive therapy in order to stop the spread of the coronavirus. There are various vaccinations available, but no validated COVID-19 treatments. Since its outbreak, many therapeutics have been tested, including the use of repurposed medications, nucleoside inhibitors, protease inhibitors, broad spectrum antivirals, convalescence plasma therapies, immune-modulators, and monoclonal antibodies. However, these approaches have not yielded any outcomes and are mostly used to alleviate symptoms associated with potentially fatal adverse drug reactions. Nanoparticles, on the other hand, may prove to be an effective treatment for COVID-19. They can be designed to boost the efficacy of currently available antiviral medications or to trigger a rapid immune response against COVID-19. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in nanotechnology. This review focuses on the virus's basic structure, pathogenesis, and current treatment options for COVID-19. This study addresses nanotechnology and its applications in diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and targeted vaccine delivery, laying the groundwork for a successful pandemic fight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura (W), India;
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Bedanta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Tirna Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Bhargab Deka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India; (B.B.); (T.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Santosh Fattepur
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Joshi Vijaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College of Pharmacy, Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mohammed Al mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd. Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sreeharsha Nagaraja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (A.B.N.); (M.A.); (K.N.V.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
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13
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Bisgin A, Sanlioglu AD, Eksi YE, Griffith TS, Sanlioglu S. Current Update on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Development with a Special Emphasis on Gene Therapy Viral Vector Design and Construction for Vaccination. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:541-562. [PMID: 33858231 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerging infectious disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2). To combat the devastating spread of SARS-CoV-2, extraordinary efforts from numerous laboratories have focused on the development of effective and safe vaccines. Traditional live-attenuated or inactivated viral vaccines are not recommended for immunocompromised patients as the attenuated virus can still cause disease via phenotypic or genotypic reversion. Subunit vaccines require repeated dosing and adjuvant use to be effective, and DNA vaccines exhibit lower immune responses. mRNA vaccines can be highly unstable under physiological conditions. On the contrary, naturally antigenic viral vectors with well-characterized structure and safety profile serve as among the most effective gene carriers to provoke immune response via heterologous gene transfer. Viral vector-based vaccines induce both an effective cellular immune response and a humoral immune response owing to their natural adjuvant properties via transduction of immune cells. Consequently, viral vectored vaccines carrying the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have recently been generated and successfully used to activate cytotoxic T cells and develop a neutralizing antibody response. Recent progress in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with an emphasis on gene therapy viral vector-based vaccine development, is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atil Bisgin
- The Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ahter D Sanlioglu
- The Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Eksi
- The Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- The Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- The Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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14
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Abstract
Background::
The pathological agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel
coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has
its origin in Wuhan, China, and spread to other provinces of China and subsequently to other countries
resulting in a pandemic worldwide. The virus is extremely contagious and causes pneumonia and respiratory
failure. Since its emergence, researchers around the world are trying to develop vaccines and
find suitable drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
Objective::
To give an overview of the various therapeutic agents for COVID-19 such as vaccines and
drugs that are in preclinical stage or under different stages of clinical trials.
Results::
As per World Health Organization (WHO), there are 137 vaccines under development to date,
out of which few vaccines have successfully completed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials.
According to the present scenario, only one coronavirus vaccine (sputnik-V) has been approved by the
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Till date, there are no United States Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA) approved drugs to treat COVID-19 patients. However, depending on patient’s
condition, different drugs such as antiviral agents like Remdesivir, antimalarial drugs like Hydroxychloroquine,
antibiotics like Azithromycin and corticosteroids like Dexamethasone are being applied
and some of them have proved to be effective up to a certain extent.
Conclusion::
Although several vaccines for COVID-19 are under development and various drugs have
been tried for its treatment, an ideal drug candidate or a vaccine is still lacking. Almost all the big
pharmaceutical companies are associated with one or more research initiatives in order to develop
vaccines and drugs. Many of them are going through clinical stages, expecting a positive outcome by
the end of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398 Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700125, India
| | - Mainak Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398 Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700125, India
| | - Manas Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398 Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Kolkata 700125, India
| | - Dipika Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
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15
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Shang J, Liu Y, Pan T. Macrocycles in Bioinspired Catalysis: From Molecules to Materials. Front Chem 2021; 9:635315. [PMID: 33842431 PMCID: PMC8032879 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.635315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds have been studied extensively as the host molecules in supramolecular chemistry. Their structural characteristics make macrocycles desirable in the field of molecular recognition, which is the key to high catalytic efficiencies of natural enzymes. Therefore, macrocycles are ideal building blocks for the design of bioinspired catalysts. This mini review highlights recent advances ranging from single-molecule to metal-organic framework materials, exhibiting multilevel macrocycle catalysts with unique catalytic centers and substrate-binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiezheng Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Chung JY, Thone MN, Kwon YJ. COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:1-25. [PMID: 33359141 PMCID: PMC7759095 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence and long incubation periods often without symptoms, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of individuals globally, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Even with the recent approval of the anti-viral drug, remdesivir, and Emergency Use Authorization of monoclonal antibodies against S protein, bamlanivimab and casirimab/imdevimab, efficient and safe COVID-19 vaccines are still desperately demanded not only to prevent its spread but also to restore social and economic activities via generating mass immunization. Recent Emergency Use Authorization of Pfizer and BioNTech’s mRNA vaccine may provide a pathway forward, but monitoring of long-term immunity is still required, and diverse candidates are still under development. As the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and interactions with the immune system continues to evolve, a variety of drug candidates are under investigation and in clinical trials. Potential vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19 include repurposed drugs, monoclonal antibodies, antiviral and antigenic proteins, peptides, and genetically engineered viruses. This paper reviews the virology and immunology of SARS-CoV-2, alternative therapies for COVID-19 to vaccination, principles and design considerations in COVID-19 vaccine development, and the promises and roles of vaccine carriers in addressing the unique immunopathological challenges presented by the disease.
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17
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Umakanthan S, Chattu VK, Ranade AV, Das D, Basavarajegowda A, Bukelo M. A rapid review of recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination for COVID-19. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:137-153. [PMID: 33575413 PMCID: PMC7870385 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which originated in Wuhan, Hubei province, Central China, in December 2019 and since then has spread rapidly, resulting in a severe pandemic. The infected patient presents with varying non-specific symptoms requiring an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. This is followed by effective patient isolation and early treatment initiation ranging from supportive therapy to specific drugs such as corticosteroids, antiviral agents, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. The development of an efficient vaccine has been an on-going challenge by various nations and research companies. A literature search was conducted in early December 2020 in all the major databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines. The findings are discussed in three main thematic areas namely diagnostic approaches, therapeutic options, and potential vaccines in various phases of development. Therefore, an effective and economical vaccine remains the only retort to combat COVID-19 successfully to save millions of lives during this pandemic. However, there is a great scope for further research in discovering cost-effective and safer therapeutics, vaccines and strategies to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 prevention and treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Umakanthan
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
- Division of Occupational Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2C5, Canada
| | - Anu V Ranade
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, USA
| | - Debasmita Das
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nuvance Health Danbury Hospital Campus, Connecticut, Zip 06810, USA
| | - Abhishekh Basavarajegowda
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, PIN-605006, India
| | - Maryann Bukelo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
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18
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Yang D. Application of Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:623-649. [PMID: 33531805 PMCID: PMC7847377 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been prevalent worldwide for almost a year. In early 2000, there was an outbreak of SARS-CoV, and in early 2010, a similar dissemination of infection by MERS-CoV occurred. However, no clear explanation for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and a massive increase in the number of infections has yet been proposed. The best solution to overcome this pandemic is the development of suitable and effective vaccines and therapeutics. Fortunately, for SARS-CoV-2, the genome sequence and protein structure have been published in a short period, making research and development for prevention and treatment relatively easy. In addition, intranasal drug delivery has proven to be an effective method of administration for treating viral lung diseases. In recent years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have been applied to intranasal drug delivery to overcome various limitations that occur during mucosal administration, and advances have been made to the stage where effective drug delivery is possible. This review describes the accumulated knowledge of the previous SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections and aims to help understand the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, it elucidates the achievements in developing COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics to date through existing approaches. Finally, the applicable nanotechnology approach is described in detail, and vaccines and therapeutic drugs developed based on nanomedicine, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, have presented the potential to become innovative alternatives for overcoming COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongki Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
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19
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Yoshida D, Sinawang G, Osaki M, Yamaguchi H, Harada A, Takashima Y. Preparation and activity of ruthenium catalyst based on β-cyclodextrin for ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Samrat SK, Tharappel AM, Li Z, Li H. Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development. Virus Res 2020; 288:198141. [PMID: 32846196 PMCID: PMC7443330 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has become a significant concern to public health care worldwide. As of August 19, 2020, more than 22,140,472 people are infected, and over 781,135 people have died due to this deadly virus. In the USA alone, over 5,482,602 people are currently infected, and more than 171,823 people have died. SARS-CoV-2 has shown a higher infectivity rate and a more extended incubation period as compared to previous coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 binds much more strongly than SARS-CoV to the same host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Previously, several methods to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV have been tried with limited success. Since SARS-CoV-2 uses the spike (S) protein for entry to the host cell, it is one of the most preferred targets for making vaccines or therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we have summarised the characteristics of the S protein, as well as the different approaches being used for the development of vaccines and/or therapeutics based on the S protein.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibody-Dependent Enhancement/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Patient Safety
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vaccines, Attenuated
- Vaccines, DNA
- Vaccines, Subunit
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anil M Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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21
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Abd Ellah NH, Gad SF, Muhammad K, E Batiha G, Hetta HF. Nanomedicine as a promising approach for diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis against COVID-19. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2085-2102. [PMID: 32723142 PMCID: PMC7388682 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) puts the world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and deep socioeconomic damages. Due to the lack of specific treatment against SARS-CoV-2, effective vaccines and antiviral agents are urgently needed to properly restrain the COVID-19 pandemic. Repositioned drugs such as remdesivir have revealed a promising clinical efficacy against COVID-19. Interestingly, nanomedicine as a promising therapeutic approach could effectively help win the battle between coronaviruses (CoVs) and host cells. This review discusses the potential therapeutic approaches, in addition to the contribution of nanomedicine against CoVs in the fields of vaccination, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura H Abd Ellah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sheryhan F Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gaber E Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
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22
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Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Chen A, Sack M, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:646-655. [PMID: 32669664 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) were made available in record time, allowing the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines along with subunit vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment. Nanotechnology benefits modern vaccine design since nanomaterials are ideal for antigen delivery, as adjuvants, and as mimics of viral structures. In fact, the first vaccine candidate launched into clinical trials is an mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles. To eradicate pandemics, present and future, a successful vaccine platform must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing and global distribution. Here, we review current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development and highlight the role of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Shin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soo Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oscar A Ortega-Rivera
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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23
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Gabrielli L, Hunter CA. Supramolecular catalysis by recognition-encoded oligomers: discovery of a synthetic imine polymerase. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7408-7414. [PMID: 34123021 PMCID: PMC8159439 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All key chemical transformations in biology are catalysed by linear oligomers. Catalytic properties could be programmed into synthetic oligomers in the same way as they are programmed into proteins, and an example of the discovery of emergent catalytic properties in a synthetic oligomer is reported. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry experiments designed to study the templating of a recognition-encoded oligomer by the complementary sequence have uncovered an unexpected imine polymerase activity. Libraries of equilibrating imines were formed by coupling diamine linkers with monomer building blocks composed of dialdehydes functionalised with either a trifluoromethyl phenol (D) or phosphine oxide (A) H-bond recognition unit. However, addition of the AAA trimer to a mixture of the phenol dialdehyde and the diamine linker did not template the formation of the DDD oligo-imine. Instead, AAA was found to be a catalyst, leading to rapid formation of long oligomers of D. AAA catalysed a number of different imine formation reactions, but a complementary phenol recognition group on the aldehyde reaction partner is an essential requirement. Competitive inhibition by an unreactive phenol confirmed the role of H-bonding in substrate recognition. AAA accelerates the rate of imine formation in toluene by a factor of 20. The kinetic parameters for this enzyme-like catalysis are estimated as 1 × 10-3 s-1 for k cat and the dissociation constant for substrate binding is 300 μM. The corresponding DDD trimer was found to catalyse oligomerisation the phosphine oxide dialdehyde with the diamine linker, suggesting an important role for the backbone in catalysis. This unexpected imine polymerase activity in a duplex-forming synthetic oligomer suggests that there are many interesting processes to be discovered in the chemistry of synthetic recognition-encoded oligomers that will parallel those found in natural biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gabrielli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK .,Department of Chemistry, University of Padova via F. Marzolo 1 Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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24
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Belete TM. A review on Promising vaccine development progress for COVID-19 disease. VACUNAS 2020; 21:121-128. [PMID: 32837460 PMCID: PMC7293477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on in the world have made imperative progress to develop an effective and safe vaccine. Despite several measures undertaken, the spread of this virus is ongoing. So far, more than 1,560,000 cases and 1000,000 deaths occurred in the world. Efforts have been made to develop vaccines against human coronavirus (CoV) infections such as MERS and SARS. However, currently, no approved vaccine exists for these coronavirus strains. Such Previous research efforts to develop a coronavirus vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for the scientist to design a new vaccine for the COVID-19. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 has a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. By using different vaccine development platforms including whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines several candidates displayed efficacy in vitro studies but few progressed to clinical trials. This review provides a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the current progress of ongoing advances in designing vaccine development efforts to counter COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.o. box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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25
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Abstract
The emergence of the strain of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) that causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact on in the world have made imperative progress to develop an effective and safe vaccine. Despite several measures undertaken, the spread of this virus is ongoing. So far, more than 1,560,000 cases and 1000,000 deaths occurred in the world. Efforts have been made to develop vaccines against human coronavirus (CoV) infections such as MERS and SARS. However, currently, no approved vaccine exists for these coronavirus strains. Such Previous research efforts to develop a coronavirus vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for the scientist to design a new vaccine for the COVID-19. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 has a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. By using different vaccine development platforms including whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines several candidates displayed efficacy in vitro studies but few progressed to clinical trials. This review provides a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discusses the current progress of ongoing advances in designing vaccine development efforts to counter COVID-19.
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Kauerhof D, Niemeyer J. Functionalized Macrocycles in Supramolecular Organocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:889-899. [PMID: 32391655 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organocatalysis has emerged as a novel research field in the context of homogeneous catalysis. In particular, the use of functionalized macrocycles as supramolecular catalysts is highly promising, as these systems are oftentimes easily accessible and offer distinct advantages in catalysis. Macrocyclic catalysts can provide defined binding pockets, such as hydrophobic cavities, and can thus create a reaction microenvironment for catalysis. In addition, macrocycles can offer a preorganized arrangement of functional groups, such as binding sites or catalytically active groups, thus enabling a defined and possibly multivalent binding and activation of substrates. The aim of this Minireview is to provide an overview of recent advances in the area of supramolecular organocatalysis based on functionalized macrocycles (including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and resorcinarenes), with a focus on those examples where certain catalytically active groups (such as hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, Brønsted acid or base groups, or nucleophilic units) are present in or have been installed on the macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kauerhof
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Ullah MA, Islam H, Rahman A, Masud J, Shweta DS, Araf Y, Sium SMA, Sarkar B. A Generalized Overview of SARS-CoV-2: Where Does the Current Knowledge Stand? ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/8258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Zhang J, Zeng H, Gu J, Li H, Zheng L, Zou Q. Progress and Prospects on Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E153. [PMID: 32235387 PMCID: PMC7349596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a serious pandemic in China and other countries worldwide. So far, more than 460,000 confirmed cases were diagnosed in nearly 190 countries, causing globally over 20,000 deaths. Currently, the epidemic is still spreading and there is no effective means to prevent the infection. Vaccines are proved to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control infectious diseases. Several countries, companies, and institutions announced their programs and progress on vaccine development against the virus. While most of the vaccines are under design and preparation, there are some that have entered efficacy evaluation in animals and initial clinical trials. This review mainly focused on the progress and our prospects on field of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Haibo Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of the Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.G.); (H.L.)
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29
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Benkovics G, Bálint M, Fenyvesi É, Varga E, Béni S, Yannakopoulou K, Malanga M. Homo- and hetero-difunctionalized β-cyclodextrins: Short direct synthesis in gram scale and analysis of regiochemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:710-720. [PMID: 30992718 PMCID: PMC6444459 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective difunctionalization of cyclodextrins (CDs) leading to derivatives amenable to further transformations is a daunting task due to challenging purification and unambiguous characterization of the obtained regioisomers with similar physicochemical properties. The primary-side homo-difunctionalization of β-CD can lead to three regioisomers, while the hetero-difunctionalization can generate three pairs of pseudoenantiomers. Previously, approaches with several synthetic steps, expensive reagents, high purification demands and low yields of the products have been employed. Herein we present direct, short and efficient primary-side difunctionalization strategies featuring reproducibility, ease of product purification, scalability of the reactions and versatility of the substituents introduced. Specifically, the prepared ditosylated β-CDs were separated using preparative reversed-phase column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by NMR experiments. Azidation led to the corresponding pure diazido regioisomers. Direct monotosylation of 6-monoazido-β-CD or monoazidation of the single regioisomers 6A,6X-ditosyl-β-CDs afforded hetero-difunctionalized 6A-monoazido-6X-tosyl-β-CDs in significant yields. Overall, the single regioisomers, 6A,6X-ditosyl-, 6A,6X-diazido- and 6A-monoazido-6X-monotosyl-β-CD were prepared in one or two steps and purified in multigram scale thus opening the way towards further selective and orthogonal functionalizations of β-CD hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Benkovics
- CycloLab, Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., llatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Mihály Bálint
- CycloLab, Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., llatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Éva Fenyvesi
- CycloLab, Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., llatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Varga
- CycloLab, Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., llatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085 Üllői út 26, Hungary
| | - Konstantina Yannakopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Patr. Gregoriou E & 27 Neapoleos str., Aghia Paraskevi Attikis 15341, Greece
| | - Milo Malanga
- CycloLab, Cyclodextrin Research and Development Laboratory Ltd., llatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097, Hungary
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30
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Kellett K, Duggan BM, Gilson MK. Facile synthesis of a diverse library of mono-3-substituted β-cyclodextrin analogues. Supramol Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2018.1562191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kellett
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - B. M. Duggan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M. K. Gilson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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31
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Elemans JAAW, Nolte RJM. Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9590-9605. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This Feature Article gives an overview of the application of glycoluril-based porphyrin cage compounds in host–guest chemistry, allosterically controlled self-assembly, biomimetic catalysis, and polymer encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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33
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van Dongen SFM, Clerx J, van den Boomen OI, Pervaiz M, Trakselis MA, Ritschel T, Schoonen L, Schoenmakers DC, Nolte RJM. Synthetic polymers as substrates for a DNA-sliding clamp protein. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23119. [PMID: 29700825 PMCID: PMC6001473 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The clamp protein (gp45) of the DNA polymerase III of the bacteriophage T4 is known to bind to DNA and stay attached to it in order to facilitate the process of DNA copying by the polymerase. As part of a project aimed at developing new biomimetic data-encoding systems we have investigated the binding of gp45 to synthetic polymers, that is, rigid, helical polyisocyanopeptides. Molecular modelling studies suggest that the clamp protein may interact with the latter polymers. Experiments aimed at verifying these interactions are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. F. M. van Dongen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
| | - J. Clerx
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
| | - O. I. van den Boomen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
| | - M. Pervaiz
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI). Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26‐28NijmegenHB6500The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Trakselis
- Baylor University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348WacoTexas76798‐7348
| | - T. Ritschel
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI). Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26‐28NijmegenHB6500The Netherlands
| | - L. Schoonen
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
| | - D. C. Schoenmakers
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
| | - R. J. M. Nolte
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525AJThe Netherlands
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34
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Zhang QW, Elemans JAAW, White PB, Nolte RJM. A manganese porphyrin–α-cyclodextrin conjugate as an artificial enzyme for the catalytic epoxidation of polybutadiene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5586-5589. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A manganese porphyrin–α-cyclodextrin conjugate was designed as an artificial clamp-like enzyme to catalyze the epoxidation of cis-polybutadiene with trans-epoxide preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Zhang
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul B. White
- Radboud University
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- The Netherlands
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35
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van den Boomen OI, Coumans RG, Akeroyd N, Peters TP, Schlebos PP, Smits J, de Gelder R, Elemans JA, Nolte RJ, Rowan AE. Carbenoid transfer reactions catalyzed by a ruthenium porphyrin macrocycle. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Wang X, Wicher B, Ferrand Y, Huc I. Orchestrating Directional Molecular Motions: Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Pathways of a Helical Host on Rodlike Guests. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9350-9358. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CBMN Laboratory, University of Bordeaux,
CNRS, IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Barbara Wicher
- CBMN Laboratory, University of Bordeaux,
CNRS, IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Yann Ferrand
- CBMN Laboratory, University of Bordeaux,
CNRS, IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- CBMN Laboratory, University of Bordeaux,
CNRS, IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie Biologie, 2 rue Escarpit 33607 Pessac, France
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37
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Kimura M, Mizuno T, Ueda M, Miyagawa S, Kawasaki T, Tokunaga Y. Four-State Molecular Shuttling of [2]Rotaxanes in Response to Acid/Base and Alkali-Metal Cation Stimuli. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1381-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Takuma Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Tsuneomi Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; University of Fukui; Bunkyo Fukui 910-8507 Japan
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38
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Xue SS, Zhao M, Lan JX, Ye RR, Li Y, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Enantioselective hydrolysis of amino acid esters by non-chiral copper complexes equipped with bis (β-cyclodextrin)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Koyanagi K, Takashima Y, Nakamura T, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Radical polymerization by a supramolecular catalyst: cyclodextrin with a RAFT reagent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2495-2502. [PMID: 28144318 PMCID: PMC5238571 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular catalysts have received a great deal of attention because they improve the selectivity and efficiency of reactions. Catalysts with host molecules exhibit specific reaction properties and recognize substrates via host-guest interactions. Here, we examined radical polymerization reactions with a chain transfer agent (CTA) that has α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) as a host molecule (α-CD-CTA). Prior to the polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), we investigated the complex formation of α-CD with DMA. Single X-ray analysis demonstrated that α-CD includes DMA inside its cavity. When DMA was polymerized in the presence of α-CD-CTA using 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane dihydrochloride (VA-044) as an initiator in an aqueous solution, poly(DMA) was obtained in good yield and with narrow molecular weight distribution. In contrast, the polymerization of DMA without α-CD-CTA produced more widely distributed polymers. In the presence of 1,6-hexanediol (C6 diol) which works as a competitive molecule by being included in the α-CD cavity, the reaction yield was lower than that without C6 diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Koyanagi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- JST-ImPACT, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8914, Japan
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40
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Takayanagi M, Ito S, Matsumoto K, Nagaoka M. Formation of Reactant Complex Structure for Initiation Reaction of Lactone Ring-Opening Polymerization by Cooperation of Multiple Cyclodextrin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7174-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Takayanagi
- Graduate
School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honmachi, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Graduate
School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsumoto
- Graduate
School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagaoka
- Graduate
School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honmachi, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University, Kyodai
Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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41
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Lopez-Leonardo C, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β-Lactams within [2]Rotaxanes: Showcasing the Chemical Consequences of the Mechanical Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8726-9. [PMID: 27355271 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular cyclization of N-benzylfumaramide [2]rotaxanes is described. The mechanical bond of these substrates activates this transformation to proceed in high yields and in a regio- and diastereoselective manner, giving interlocked 3,4-disubstituted trans-azetidin-2-ones. This activation effect markedly differs from the more common shielding protection of threaded functions by the macrocycle, in this case promoting an unusual and disfavored 4-exo-trig ring closure. Kinetic and synthetic studies allowed us to delineate an advantageous approach toward β-lactams based on a two-step, one-pot protocol: an intramolecular ring closure followed by a thermally induced dethreading step. The advantages of carrying out this cyclization in the confined space of a benzylic amide macrocycle are attributed to its anchimeric assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and ‡Sección Universitaria de Instrumentación Científica, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Leonardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and ‡Sección Universitaria de Instrumentación Científica, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and ‡Sección Universitaria de Instrumentación Científica, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and ‡Sección Universitaria de Instrumentación Científica, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and ‡Sección Universitaria de Instrumentación Científica, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia , E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
The past quarter of a century has witnessed an increasing engagement on the part of physicists and chemists in the design and synthesis of molecular machines de novo. This minireview traces the development of artificial molecular machines from their prototypes in the form of shuttles and switches to their emergence as motors and pumps where supplies of energy in the form of chemical fuel, electrochemical potential and light activation become a minimum requirement for them to function away from equilibrium. The challenge facing this rapidly growing community of scientists and engineers today is one of putting wholly synthetic molecules to work, both individually and as collections. Here, we highlight some of the recent conceptual and practical advances relating to the operation of wholly synthetic rotary and linear motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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43
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Cakmak Y, Erbas-Cakmak S, Leigh DA. Asymmetric Catalysis with a Mechanically Point-Chiral Rotaxane. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1749-51. [PMID: 26835978 PMCID: PMC4805306 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mechanical
point-chirality in a [2]rotaxane is utilized for asymmetric
catalysis. Stable enantiomers of the rotaxane result from a bulky
group in the middle of the thread preventing a benzylic amide macrocycle
shuttling between different sides of a prochiral center, creating
point chirality in the vicinity of a secondary amine group. The resulting
mechanochirogenesis delivers enantioselective organocatalysis via
both enamine (up to 71:29 er) and iminium (up to 68:32 er) activation
modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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44
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Akira Harada. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Akira Harada. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Smart catalysts offer the control of chemical processes and sequences of transformations, and catalysts with unique catalytic behavior can afford chiral products or promote successive polymerization. To meet advanced demands, the key to constructing smart catalysts is to incorporate traditional catalytic functional groups with trigger-induced factors. Molecular machines with dynamic properties and particular topological structures have typical stimulus-responsive features. In recent years, scientists have made efforts to utilize molecular machines (molecular switches, rotaxanes, motors, etc.) as scaffolds to develop smart catalysts. This Minireview focuses on the achievements of developing catalysts encapsulated in molecular machines and their remarkable specialties. This strategy is believed to provide more potential applications in switchable reactions, asymmetric synthesis, and processive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China.
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47
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Galia A, Scialdone O, Spanò T, Valenti MG, Grignard B, Lecomte P, Monflier E, Tilloy S, Rousseau C. Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of wet β-cyclodextrin: effect of the operative pressure and of water molecules in the β-cyclodextrin cavity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet β-cyclodextrin under pressure behaves similarly to lipase enzymes in the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Tiziana Spanò
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valenti
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liege
- B-4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
| | - Cyril Rousseau
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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49
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Ogawa T, Usuki N, Nakazono K, Koyama Y, Takata T. Linear–cyclic polymer structural transformation and its reversible control using a rational rotaxane strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5606-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for “polymer structural transformation” was developed. One [1]rotaxane unit was introduced at the chain end of a linear polymer and the wheel component position was defined by controlling the attractive interaction between the polymer ends. Thus, the reversible linear–cyclic structural transformation was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Naoya Usuki
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Kazuko Nakazono
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Yasuhito Koyama
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
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50
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Hamon F, Blaszkiewicz C, Buchotte M, Banaszak-Léonard E, Bricout H, Tilloy S, Monflier E, Cézard C, Bouteiller L, Len C, Djedaini-Pilard F. Synthesis and characterization of a new photoinduced switchable β-cyclodextrin dimer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2874-85. [PMID: 25550753 PMCID: PMC4273303 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports an efficient preparation of bridged bis-β-CD AZO-CDim 1 bearing azobenzene as a linker and exhibiting high solubility in water. The photoisomerization properties were studied by UV-vis and HPLC and supported by ab initio calculations. The cis/trans ratio of AZO-CDim 1 is 7:93 without irradiation and 37:63 after 120 min of irradiation at 365 nm; the reaction is reversible after irradiation at 254 nm. The photoinduced, switchable binding behavior of AZO-CDim 1 was evaluated by ITC, NMR and molecular modeling in the presence of a ditopic adamantyl guest. The results indicate that AZO-CDim 1 can form two different inclusion complexes with an adamantyl dimer depending on its photoinduced isomers. Both cavities of cis-AZO-CDim 1 are complexed simultaneously by two adamantyl units of the guest forming a 1:1 complex while trans-AZO-CDim 1 seems to lead to the formation of supramolecular polymers with an n:n stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hamon
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie - Antimicrobiens et Agroressources, LG2A FRE CNRS 3517, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Claire Blaszkiewicz
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie - Antimicrobiens et Agroressources, LG2A FRE CNRS 3517, F-80039 Amiens, France ; Université d'Artois, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, UMR 8181, Rue Jean Souvraz, SP 18, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Marie Buchotte
- Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, TIMR EA4295 UTC/ESCOM, F-60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Estelle Banaszak-Léonard
- Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, TIMR EA4295 UTC/ESCOM, F-60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Hervé Bricout
- Université d'Artois, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, UMR 8181, Rue Jean Souvraz, SP 18, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Université d'Artois, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, UMR 8181, Rue Jean Souvraz, SP 18, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Eric Monflier
- Université d'Artois, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), CNRS, UMR 8181, Rue Jean Souvraz, SP 18, F-62307 Lens, France
| | - Christine Cézard
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie - Antimicrobiens et Agroressources, LG2A FRE CNRS 3517, F-80039 Amiens, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005, Paris, France ; CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Len
- Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, TIMR EA4295 UTC/ESCOM, F-60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire de Glycochimie - Antimicrobiens et Agroressources, LG2A FRE CNRS 3517, F-80039 Amiens, France
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