1
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Marghalani R, Cueny ES. Stability of metal-metal interactions in transmetallation intermediates based on electronics of bridging arene ligands determined through pyridine titrations. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39091234 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, we prepare the dinuclear complex [(CNCF)(PPh3)Pt-Au(PPh3)]+ (2-F) supported by an electron deficient derivative of 2,6-diphenylpyridine (CNC), 2,6-di(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine (CNCF). Solution state spectroscopic data and solid-state structural data reveals formation of the desired dinuclear complex occurs and that it remains intact in solution. The solid state structure of 2-F, compared to [(CNC)(PPh3)Pt-Au(PPh3)]+ (2), reveals a substantial change in the C-Au-P bond angle. We postulated that this change in bond angle arises due to a weaker interaction between [(PPh3)Au]+ and (CNCF)Pt(PPh3) (1-F) vs. (CNC)Pt(PPh3) (1). Through pyridine titration experiments, we demonstrate that the interaction is indeed weaker between [(PPh3)Au]+ and 1-Fvs. 1. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments confirm that 1-F is less electron rich than 1. DFT calculations demonstrate that the HOMO of 1 and 1-F is not dz2, helping explain the differences in electrochemical behavior of 1 and 1-F and bonding between 1 and 1-F with [(PPh3)Au]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Marghalani
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Eric S Cueny
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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2
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Ivančič A, Košmrlj J, Gazvoda M. Elucidating the reaction mechanism of a palladium-palladium dual catalytic process through kinetic studies of proposed elementary steps. Commun Chem 2023; 6:51. [PMID: 36934172 PMCID: PMC10024772 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the synergistic dual catalytic process, the kinetics of the catalytic cycles must be balanced for the successful outcome of the reaction. Therefore, the analysis of the kinetics of the independent catalytic cycles is essential for such reactions, as it enables their relational optimization as well as their design. Here we describe an analysis of the mechanism of a catalytic synergistic bimetallic reaction through the experimental study of a palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes, an example of a monometallic dual catalytic process. The proposed mechanism of the investigated reaction was disassembled into two palladium catalytic cycles and further into elementary reactions, and each step was studied independently. The described mechanistic analysis allowed us to identify the rate-determining step of the catalytic process by comparing the rates of the elementary reactions under similar reaction conditions, balanced kinetics of the palladium catalytic cycles, and also in which step which reagent enters the catalytic cycle and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anže Ivančič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Gazvoda
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Fernández-Moyano S, Marcos-Ayuso G, Peñas-Defrutos MN, Bartolomé C, Espinet P. Intimate relationship between C-I reductive elimination, aryl scrambling and isomerization processes in Au(III) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1975-1978. [PMID: 36727423 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
19F NMR monitoring shows that heating trans-[AuIIIRf2I2]- solutions (Rf = C6F3Cl2-3,5) leads to formation of cis-[AuRf2I2]-, [AuRf3I]- and [AuRfI3]-via kinetic competition between isomerization and Rf/I scrambling. The system evolution is driven by the easy Rf-I reductive elimination from [AuRfI3]- (forming also [AuI2]-), which is faster than any of the Rf-Rf couplings from the coexisting species, hindering the commonly desired and thermodynamically preferred C-C coupling. A kinetic model where I- dissociation triggers both isomerization and transmetalation steps is proposed, which fits well the experimental data. DFT calculations support that the lower bond strength of AuIII-I compared to other halides produces a pathway switch that makes C-I coupling kinetically preferred. Consequently, it is better avoided in reactions looking for C-C coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Moyano
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Marcos-Ayuso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
| | - Marconi N Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
| | - Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47071, Spain.
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4
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Marcos-Ayuso G, Peñas-Defrutos MN, Gallego AM, García-Melchor M, Martínez-Ilarduya JM, Espinet P. Problematic Ar F-Alkynyl Coupling with Fluorinated Aryls. From Partial Success with Alkynyl Stannanes to Efficient Solutions via Mechanistic Understanding of the Hidden Complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:527-536. [PMID: 36542758 PMCID: PMC9837839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of aryl-alkynyl compounds is usually achieved via Sonogashira catalysis, but this is inefficient for fluorinated aryls. An alternative method reported by Shirakawa and Hiyama, using alkynylstannanes and hemilabile PN ligands, works apparently fine for conventional aryls, but it is also poor for fluorinated aryls. The revision of the unusual literature cycle reveals the existence and nature of unreported byproducts and uncovers coexisting cycles and other aspects that explain the reasons for the conflict. This knowledge provides a full understanding of the real complexity of these aryl/alkynylstannane systems and the deviations of their evolution from that of a classic Stille process, providing the clues to design several very efficient alternatives for the catalytic synthesis of the desired ArF-alkynyl compounds in almost quantitative yield. The same protocols are also very efficient for the catalytic synthesis of alkynyl-alkynyl' hetero- and homocoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Marcos-Ayuso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E-47071, Spain
| | - Marconi N Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E-47071, Spain.,School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ana M Gallego
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E-47071, Spain
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jesús M Martínez-Ilarduya
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E-47071, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E-47071, Spain
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5
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Navarro M, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Campos J. Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11220-11235. [PMID: 36128973 PMCID: PMC9536487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the design of bimetallic cooperative complexes, which have emerged due to their potential for bond activation and catalysis, a feature widely exploited by nature in metalloenzymes, and also in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss the widespread opportunities derived from combining two metals in close proximity, ranging from systems containing multiple M-M bonds to others in which bimetallic cooperation occurs even in the absence of M⋯M interactions. The choice of metal pairs is crucial for the reactivity of the resulting complexes. In this context, we describe the prospects of combining not only transition metals but also those of the main group series, which offer additional avenues for cooperative pathways and reaction discovery. Emphasis is given to mechanisms by which bond activation occurs across bimetallic structures, which is ascribed to the precise synergy between the two metal atoms. The results discussed herein indicate a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate that bimetallic synergism will have an important impact in the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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6
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Campillo D, Escudero D, Baya M, Martín A. Heteropolymetallic Architectures as Snapshots of Transmetallation Processes at Different Degrees of Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104538. [PMID: 34964180 PMCID: PMC9302616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel heteropolymetallic architectures have been built by integrating Pd, Au and Ag systems. The dinuclear [(CNC)(PPh3 )Pd-G11 M(PPh3 )](ClO4 ) (G11 M=Au (3), Ag (4); CNC=2,6-diphenylpyridinate) and trinuclear [{(CNC)(PPh3 )Pd}2 G11 M](ClO4 ) (G11 M=Au (6), Ag (5)) complexes have been accessed or isolated. Structural and DFT characterization unveil striking interactions of one of the aryl groups of the CNC ligand(s) with the G11 M center, suggesting these complexes constitute models of transmetallation processes. Further analyses allow to qualitatively order the degree of transfer, proving that Au promotes the highest one and also that Pd systems favor higher degrees than Pt. Consistently, Energy Decomposition Analysis calculations show that the interaction energies follow the order Pd-Au > Pt-Au > Pd-Ag > Pt-Ag. All these results offer potentially useful ideas for the design of bimetallic catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campillo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/Pedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of ChemistryKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 f – Box 24043001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/Pedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)CSIC-Universidad de ZaragozaC/Pedro Cerbuna 1250009ZaragozaSpain
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7
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Demonti L, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling through Ag(I)/Ag(III) Redox Manifold. Chemistry 2021; 27:15396-15405. [PMID: 34473859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In ample variety of transformations, the presence of silver as an additive or co-catalyst is believed to be innocuous for the efficiency of the operating metal catalyst. Even though Ag additives are required often as coupling partners, oxidants or halide scavengers, its role as a catalytically competent species is widely neglected in cross-coupling reactions. Most likely, this is due to the erroneously assumed incapacity of Ag to undergo 2e- redox steps. Definite proof is herein provided for the required elementary steps to accomplish the oxidative trifluoromethylation of arenes through AgI /AgIII redox catalysis (i. e. CEL coupling), namely: i) easy AgI /AgIII 2e- oxidation mediated by air; ii) bpy/phen ligation to AgIII ; iii) boron-to-AgIII aryl transfer; and iv) ulterior reductive elimination of benzotrifluorides from an [aryl-AgIII -CF3 ] fragment. More precisely, an ultimate entry and full characterization of organosilver(III) compounds [K]+ [AgIII (CF3 )4 ]- (K-1), [(bpy)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (2) and [(phen)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (3), is described. The utility of 3 in cross-coupling has been showcased unambiguously, and a large variety of arylboron compounds was trifluoromethylated via [AgIII (aryl)(CF3 )3 ]- intermediates. This work breaks with old stereotypes and misconceptions regarding the inability of Ag to undergo cross-coupling by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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8
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Long Y, Cao B, Xiong X, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Bioorthogonal Activation of Dual Catalytic and Anti‐Cancer Activities of Organogold(I) Complexes in Living Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology General Education Division The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 P. R. China
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9
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Long Y, Cao B, Xiong X, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Bioorthogonal Activation of Dual Catalytic and Anti‐Cancer Activities of Organogold(I) Complexes in Living Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4133-4141. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology General Education Division The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
Organometallic chemistry and its applications in homogeneous catalysis have been dominated by mononuclear transition-metal complexes. The catalytic performance and physico-chemical properties of these mononuclear complexes can be rationally tuned by ligand modification, which has also led to the discovery of new reactions. There is a growing body of evidence implicating the participation of two metals in catalytic processes originally believed to follow monometallic mechanisms. Moreover, the deliberate preparation of bimetallic structures has proven popular because these preorganized structures have many tunable features, such as metal-metal bond order and polarity. These structures can exhibit metal-metal complementarity and allow for multisite activation - reactivity unattainable with truly mononuclear species. This Perspective summarizes the features that are exclusive to bimetallic systems and their roles in substrate activation.
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11
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Villar P, Pérez-Temprano MH, Casares JA, Álvarez R, Espinet P. Experimental and DFT Study of the [AuAr(AsPh 3)]-Catalyzed cis/trans Isomerization of [PdAr 2(AsPh 3) 2] (Ar = C 6F 5 or C 6Cl 2F 3): Alternative Mechanisms and Its Switch upon Pt for Pd Substitution. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mónica H. Pérez-Temprano
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Holtrop F, Visscher KW, Jupp AR, Slootweg JC. Steric attraction: A force to be reckoned with. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wang J, Zhan L, Wang G, Wei Y, Shi M, Zhang J. Pd-Promoted cross coupling of iodobenzene with vinylgold via an unprecedented phenyl transmetalation from Pd to Au. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6213-6216. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02645j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative addition of Pd/Au vinylene species with iodobenzene reveals the effect of a strong metallophilic Pd⋯Au interaction on phenyl transmetalation from PdIV to AuI, which allows subsequent reductive elimination of LAuI at Pd and Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Licheng Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Gendi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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14
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Peñas-Defrutos MN, Bartolomé C, García-Melchor M, Espinet P. Rh I Ar/Au I Ar' Transmetalation: A Case of Group Exchange Pivoting on the Formation of M-M' Bonds through Oxidative Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3501-3505. [PMID: 30604459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
By combining kinetic experiments, theoretical calculations, and microkinetic modeling, we show that Pf/Rf (C6 F5 /C6 Cl2 F3 ) exchange between [AuPf(AsPh3 )] and trans-[RhRf(CO)(AsPh3 )2 ] does not occur by typical concerted Pf/Rf transmetalation via electron-deficient double bridges. Instead, it involves asymmetric oxidative insertion of the RhI complex into the (Ph3 As)Au-Pf bond to produce a [(Ph3 As)Au-RhPfRf(CO)(AsPh3 )2 ] intermediate, followed by isomerization and reductive elimination of [AuRf(AsPh3 )]. Interesting differences were found between the LAu-Ar asymmetric oxidative insertion and the classical oxidative addition process of H2 to Vaska complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marconi N Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
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15
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Peñas-Defrutos MN, Bartolomé C, García-Melchor M, Espinet P. Rh I
Ar/Au I
Ar′ Transmetalation: A Case of Group Exchange Pivoting on the Formation of M−M′ Bonds through Oxidative Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marconi N. Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry; Trinity College Dublin; College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valladolid; 47071 Valladolid Spain
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16
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Campillo D, Belío Ú, Martín A. New Pt→M (M = Ag or Tl) complexes based on anionic cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3270-3283. [PMID: 30776043 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic cyclometalated complexes (NBu4)[Pt(CNC)X] (X = Cl (1), CN (2), or S-2py (pyridine-2-thiolate) (3); -CNC- = 2,6-di(phen-2-ide)-pyridine) have been used as precursors in the synthesis of heteropolynuclear Pt-Ag or Pt-Tl complexes containing donor-acceptor metal-metal bonds. Their reaction with AgClO4 or [Ag(OClO3)(PPh3)] produces complexes in which the nuclearity and structure seem to be determined by the ability of the ligand X to form bridges between the metals. Thus, the characteristic linear bridging of the cyano ligand leads to the formation of an octanuclear [{Pt(CNC)(μ-CN)}4Ag4] (4) or tetranuclear [{Pt(CNC)(μ-CN)}2{Ag(PPh3)}2] (6) complex, with CN bridges between different "Pt-Ag" units. However, the S-2py ligand can act as a bridge between Pt and Ag of the same "Pt-Ag" unit, giving rise to the complex [{Pt(CNC)(S-2py)}2Ag2]·CH2Cl2 (5). On the other hand, the reaction of 1-3 with TlPF6 yields the complexes [PtTl(CNC)Cl] (7), [PtTl(CNC)(CN)] (8), and (NBu4)[{Pt(CNC)(S-2py)}2Tl] (9), while with [Tl(S-2py)], [PtTl(CNC)(S-2py)] (10) is obtained. The structures of all these Pt-Tl complexes show great variation, with several geometric arrangements which sometime co-exist in the same crystal structure: discrete Pt-Tl, Pt-Tl-Pt and Pt-Tl-Pt-Tl units, as well as infinite Pt-Tl-Pt-Tl chains. This variability could be due to the lability of the Pt-Tl bonds and the ability of the thallium center to establish secondary interactions with donor atoms or aromatic π electron density from neighboring moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campillo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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17
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Gazvoda M, Virant M, Pinter B, Košmrlj J. Mechanism of copper-free Sonogashira reaction operates through palladium-palladium transmetallation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4814. [PMID: 30446654 PMCID: PMC6240041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The seminal contributions by Sonogashira, Cassar and Heck in mid 1970s on Pd/Cu- and Pd-catalysed (copper-free) coupling of acetylenes with aryl or vinyl halides have evolved in myriad applications. Despite the enormous success both in academia and in industry, however, critical mechanistic questions of this cross-coupling process remain unresolved. In this study, experimental evidence and computational support is provided for the mechanism of copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. In contrast to the consensus monometallic mechanism, the revealed pathway proceeds through a tandem Pd/Pd cycle linked via a multistep transmetallation process. This cycle is virtually identical to the Pd/Cu tandem mechanism of copper co-catalysed Sonogashira cross-couplings, but the role of CuI is played by a set of PdII species. Phosphine dissociation from the square-planar reactants to form transient three-coordinate Pd species initiates transmetallation and represents the rate-determining step of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gazvoda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Virant
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnico Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile. .,Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Pérez-Iglesias M, Espinet P, Casares JA. Comparing Protonolysis and Transmetalation Reactions: Microcalorimetric Studies of C-Au I Bonds in [AuRL] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:11193-11200. [PMID: 30106280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protonolysis of C-Au bonds in [AuRL] organometallic complexes has been studied by calorimetry for 12 R groups. The experimental data have been combined with density functional theory calculations to obtain bond dissociation energy (BDE) values. The C-Au BDE values show a good correlation with the corresponding isolobal C-H BDE values. The heat released in the protonolysis of [AuRL] has also been measured for R = Ph and L = P(OPh)3, PPh3, PMe3, PCy3, and IPr, and these values strongly depend on the trans influence of L because of the mutual destabilization of the L-Au and Au-C bonds. The enthalpies of the transmetalation reaction [AuR(PPh3)] + SnIBu3 → [AuI(PPh3)] + SnRBu3 for seven R groups have been measured and compared with those of the corresponding [AuR(PPh3)] protonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez-Iglesias
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , 47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , 47011 Valladolid , Spain
| | - Juan A Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valladolid , 47011 Valladolid , Spain
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19
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Baya M, Belío Ú, Campillo D, Fernández I, Fuertes S, Martín A. Pt-M Complexes (M=Ag, Au) as Models for Intermediates in Transmetalation Processes. Chemistry 2018; 24:13879-13889. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Úrsula Belío
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - David Campillo
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de, Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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20
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Zhang J, Kang LJ, Parker TC, Blakey SB, Luscombe CK, Marder SR. Recent Developments in C-H Activation for Materials Science in the Center for Selective C-H Activation. Molecules 2018; 23:E922. [PMID: 29659537 PMCID: PMC6017541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Organic electronics is a rapidly growing field driven in large part by the synthesis of ∏-conjugated molecules and polymers. Traditional aryl cross-coupling reactions such as the Stille and Suzuki have been used extensively in the synthesis of ∏-conjugated molecules and polymers, but the synthesis of intermediates necessary for traditional cross-couplings can include multiple steps with toxic and hazardous reagents. Direct arylation through C-H bond activation has the potential to reduce the number of steps and hazards while being more atom-economical. Within the Center for Selective C-H Functionalization (CCHF), we have been developing C-H activation methodology for the synthesis of ∏-conjugated materials of interest, including direct arylation of difficult-to-functionalize electron acceptor intermediates and living polymerization of ∏-conjugated polymers through C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Lauren J Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Timothy C Parker
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Simon B Blakey
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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21
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Zheng H, Semba K, Nakao Y, Sakaki S. How to Control Inversion vs Retention Transmetalation between PdII–Phenyl and CuI–Alkyl Complexes: Theoretical Insight. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14065-14076. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Semba
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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22
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Khaledifard Y, Nasiri B, Javidy SA, Vaziri Sereshk A, Yates BF, Ariafard A. Phosphine-Scavenging Role of Gold(I) Complexes from Pd(PtBu3)2 in the Bimetallic Catalysis of Carbostannylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khaledifard
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahrakGharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Nasiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahrakGharb, Tehran, Iran
- Young
Researchers and Elite Club, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid A. Javidy
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahrakGharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Vaziri Sereshk
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahrakGharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School
of Physical Science (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, ShahrakGharb, Tehran, Iran
- School
of Physical Science (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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23
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Oeschger RJ, Chen P. Structure and Gas-Phase Thermochemistry of a Pd/Cu Complex: Studies on a Model for Transmetalation Transition States. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1069-1072. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael J. Oeschger
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische
Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Synthesis of conjugated copolymers by combining different coupling reactions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different coupling reactions are combined in the same copolymerization to tune the structure of the resulting conjugated copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hardeman
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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25
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Pérez-Briso C, Gallego AM, Martín-Alvarez JM, Martínez-Ilarduya JM, Espinet P. Polymer [Pd(CH2SO2C6H4Me)2]n, a precursor to remarkably stable Pd organometallics. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8083-8090. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stable (arylsulfonyl)alkylpalladium complexes obtained from the polymer [Pd(CH2SO2C6H4Me)2]n undergo cis-to-trans isomerization in order to produce systems with stronger hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Pérez-Briso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Valladolid
- 47071 Valladolid
- Spain
| | - Ana M. Gallego
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Valladolid
- 47071 Valladolid
- Spain
| | - Jose M. Martín-Alvarez
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Valladolid
- 47071 Valladolid
- Spain
| | | | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Valladolid
- 47071 Valladolid
- Spain
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26
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Bartolomé C, Ramiro Z, Peñas-Defrutos MN, Espinet P. Some Singular Features of Gold Catalysis: Protection of Gold(I) Catalysts by Substoichiometric Agents and Associated Phenomena. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Zoraida Ramiro
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marconi N. Peñas-Defrutos
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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27
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Baya M, Belío Ú, Fernández I, Fuertes S, Martín A. Unusual Metal-Metal Bonding in a Dinuclear Pt-Au Complex: Snapshot of a Transmetalation Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Úrsula Belío
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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28
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Baya M, Belío Ú, Fernández I, Fuertes S, Martín A. Unusual Metal-Metal Bonding in a Dinuclear Pt-Au Complex: Snapshot of a Transmetalation Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6978-82. [PMID: 27111913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear Pt-Au complex [(CNC)(PPh3 )Pt Au(PPh3 )](ClO4 ) (2) (CNC=2,6-diphenylpyridinate) was prepared. Its crystal structure shows a rare metal-metal bonding situation, with very short Pt-Au and Au-Cipso (CNC) distances and dissimilar Pt-Cipso (CNC) bonds. Multinuclear NMR spectra of 2 show the persistence of the Pt-Au bond in solution and the occurrence of unusual fluxional behavior involving the [Pt(II) ] and [Au(I) ] metal fragments. The [Pt(II) ]⋅⋅⋅ [Au(I) ] interaction has been thoroughly studied by means of DFT calculations. The observed bonding situation in 2 can be regarded as a model for an intermediate in a transmetalation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Úrsula Belío
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fuertes
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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29
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Suraru SL, Lee JA, Luscombe CK. Preparation of an Aurylated Alkylthiophene Monomer via C-H Activation for Use in Pd-PEPPSI-iPr Catalyzed-Controlled Chain Growth Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:533-536. [PMID: 35607224 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the search for new synthetic routes toward greener and more facile syntheses of conjugated polymers, C-H functionalization provides a promising solution by minimizing the production and processing of aryl halide monomer precursors used in traditional organometallic coupling reactions. In this paper, we investigate the use of Au(I) and its ability to directly C-H activate 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene to form a reactive monomer species, bypassing the typical Grignard monomer formation from a dihalogenated thiophene. Addition of Pd-PEPPSI-iPr as a palladium catalyst source in the presence of the resultant aurylated thiophene monomer yielded poly(3-hexylthiophene) as observed by both NMR and GPC. Studies on the growth of these polymers show linear dependence between Mn and monomer conversion, low dispersities, as well as Mn predicted by catalyst loading, which is supportive of a living-type chain growth mechanism. This Au-Pd system represents a novel methodology for incorporating C-H activation into the synthesis of P3HT with control over Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin-Lucian Suraru
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Jason A. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Christine K. Luscombe
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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30
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delPozo J, Casares JA, Espinet P. In Situ Generation of ArCu from CuF2 Makes Coupling of Bulky Aryl Silanes Feasible and Highly Efficient. Chemistry 2016; 22:4274-84. [PMID: 26895353 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bimetallic system of Pd/CuF2, catalytic in Pd and stoichiometric in Cu, is very efficient and selective for the coupling of fairly hindered aryl silanes with aryl, anisyl, phenylaldehyde, p-cyanophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, or pyridyl iodides of conventional size. The reaction involves the activation of the silane by Cu(II), followed by disproportionation and transmetalation from the Cu(I)(aryl) to Pd(II), upon which coupling takes place. Cu(III) formed during disproportionation is reduced to Cu(I)(aryl) by excess aryl silane, so that the CuF2 system is fully converted into Cu(I)(aryl) and used in the coupling. Moreover, no extra source of fluoride is needed. Interesting size selectivity towards coupling is found in competitive reactions of hindered aryl silanes. Easily accessible [PdCl2 (IDM)(AsPh3)] (IDM = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) is by far the best catalyst, and the isolated products are essentially free from As or Pd (<1 ppm). The mechanistic aspects of the process have been experimentally examined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan delPozo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan A Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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31
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García-Domínguez P, Nevado C. Au–Pd Bimetallic Catalysis: The Importance of Anionic Ligands in Catalyst Speciation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3266-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse
190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reaktivität von Goldkomplexen in metallorganischen Elementarreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Joost M, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Reactivity of Gold Complexes towards Elementary Organometallic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15022-45. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Larsen MH, Nielsen MB. The Gilded Edge in Acetylenic Scaffolding II: A Computational Study of the Transmetalation Processes Involved in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Gold(I) Acetylides. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Højer Larsen
- Center for Exploitation of
Solar Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Center for Exploitation of
Solar Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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35
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Toledo A, Meana I, Albéniz AC. Formal Gold-to-Gold Transmetalation of an Alkynyl Group Mediated by Palladium: A Bisalkynyl Gold Complex as a Ligand to Palladium. Chemistry 2015; 21:13216-20. [PMID: 26250065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Au(C≡C-n-Bu)]n with [Pd(η(3) -allyl)Cl(PPh3 )] results in a ligand and alkynyl rearrangement, and leads to the heterometallic complex [Pd(η(3) -allyl){Au(C≡C-n-Bu)2 }]2 (3) with an unprecedented bridging bisalkynyl-gold ligand coordinated to palladium. This is a formal gold-to-gold transmetalation that occurs through reversible alkynyl transmetalations between gold and palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Toledo
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071-Valladolid (Spain)
| | - Isabel Meana
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071-Valladolid (Spain)
| | - Ana C Albéniz
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071-Valladolid (Spain).
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36
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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37
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Oeschger RJ, Ringger DH, Chen P. Gas-Phase Investigations on the Transmetalation Step in Sonogashira Reactions. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael J. Oeschger
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David H. Ringger
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium
für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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delPozo J, Gioria E, Casares JA, Álvarez R, Espinet P. Organometallic Nucleophiles and Pd: What Makes ZnMe2 Different? Is Au Like Zn? Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan delPozo
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Gioria
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Casares
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011Valladolid, Spain
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39
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Cordovilla C, Bartolomé C, Martínez-Ilarduya JM, Espinet P. The Stille Reaction, 38 Years Later. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cordovilla
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Camino Bartolomé
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Martínez-Ilarduya
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
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40
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Ramiro Z, Bartolomé C, Espinet P. Protection of the Gold(I) Catalyst by AsPh3in Reactions of Enynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Hansmann MM, Rominger F, Boone MP, Stephan DW, Hashmi ASK. Reactivity of Organogold Compounds with B(C6F5)3: Gold–Boron Transmetalation via σ-B/π-Au Species. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5006885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Boone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Fromm A, van Wüllen C, Hackenberger D, Gooßen LJ. Mechanism of Cu/Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings: A DFT Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10007-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503295x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fromm
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum
OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph van Wüllen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum
OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dagmar Hackenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum
OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Forschungszentrum
OPTIMAS, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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43
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Carrasco D, Pérez-Temprano MH, Casares JA, Espinet P. Cross Alkyl–Aryl versus Homo Aryl–Aryl Coupling in Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Alkyl–Gold(I) and Aryl–Halide. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500446x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Carrasco
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mónica H. Pérez-Temprano
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Espinet
- IU CINQUIMA/Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
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44
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Bonney KJ, Schoenebeck F. Experiment and computation: a combined approach to study the reactivity of palladium complexes in oxidation states 0 toiv. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6609-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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Ariafard A, Rajabi NA, Jalali Atashgah M, Canty AJ, Yates BF. Computational Study of Carbostannylation Implicating Bimetallic Catalysis Involving “AuI–Vinyl–PdII” Species. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400836v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ariafard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Ahmad Rajabi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Jalali Atashgah
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School
of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School
of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gomez-Bengoa
- Dpto. de Quı́mica Orgánica, Universidad del Paı́s Vasco, Apt. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Albéniz AC, Casares JA. Palladium-Mediated Organofluorine Chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800976-5.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Yang YF, Cheng GJ, Liu P, Leow D, Sun TY, Chen P, Zhang X, Yu JQ, Wu YD, Houk KN. Palladium-catalyzed meta-selective C-H bond activation with a nitrile-containing template: computational study on mechanism and origins of selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:344-55. [PMID: 24313742 DOI: 10.1021/ja410485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory investigations have elucidated the mechanism and origins of meta-regioselectivity of Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H olefinations of toluene derivatives that employ a nitrile-containing template. The reaction proceeds through four major steps: C-H activation, alkene insertion, β-hydride elimination, and reductive elimination. The C-H activation step, which proceeds via a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) pathway, is found to be the rate- and regioselectivity-determining step. For the crucial C-H activation, four possible active catalytic species-monomeric Pd(OAc)2, dimeric Pd2(OAc)4, heterodimeric PdAg(OAc)3, and trimeric Pd3(OAc)6-have been investigated. The computations indicated that the C-H activation with the nitrile-containing template occurs via a Pd-Ag heterodimeric transition state. The nitrile directing group coordinates with Ag while the Pd is placed adjacent to the meta-C-H bond in the transition state, leading to the observed high meta-selectivity. The Pd2(OAc)4 dimeric mechanism also leads to the meta-C-H activation product but with higher activation energies than the Pd-Ag heterodimeric mechanism. The Pd monomeric and trimeric mechanisms require much higher activation free energies and are predicted to give ortho products. Structural and distortion energy analysis of the transition states revealed significant effects of distortions of the template on mechanism and regioselectivity, which provided hints for further developments of new templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design and Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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49
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Joost M, Gualco P, Coppel Y, Miqueu K, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Joost M, Gualco P, Coppel Y, Miqueu K, Kefalidis CE, Maron L, Amgoune A, Bourissou D. Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:747-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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