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Zhang J, Hu F, Aras O, Chai Y, An F. Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates: Opportunities for the Development of Targeted Anticancer Drugs. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300720. [PMID: 38396351 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy is insufficient for precise cancer treatment due to its lack of selectivity and inevitable side effects. Targeted drugs have emerged as a promising solution for precise cancer treatment. A common strategy is to conjugate therapeutic agents with ligands that can specifically bind to tumor cells, providing targeted therapy. Similar to the more successful antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) are another promising class of targeted drugs, consisting of three parts: targeting ligand, cleavable linker and payload. Compared to ADCs, SMDCs have the advantages of smaller size, better permeability, simpler preparation process and non-immunogenicity, making them a promising alternative to ADCs. This review describes the characteristics of the targeting ligand, linker and payload of SMDCs and the criteria for selecting a suitable one. We also discuss recently reported SMDCs and list some successful SMDCs that have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Fanchun Hu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yichao Chai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an, Jiaotong University, No.157 Xiwu Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
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2
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Savoy EA, Olatunji FP, Fulton MD, Kesic BN, Herman JW, Romero O, Maniatopoulos M, Berkman CE. PSMA-targeted small-molecule drug-conjugates with valine-citrulline and phosphoramidate cleavable linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129573. [PMID: 38052377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a modular synthesis and evaluation of two prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) incorporating the potent chemotherapeutic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). These SMDCs are distinguished by their cleavable linker modules: one utilizing the widely known valine-citrulline linker, susceptible to cleavage by cathepsin B, and the other featuring a novel acid-labile phosphoramidate-based (PhosAm) linker. Both SMDCs maintained nanomolar affinity to PSMA. Furthermore, we confirmed the selective release of the payload and observed chemotherapeutic efficacy specifically within PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells, while maintaining cell viability in PSMA-negative cells. These findings not only validate the efficacy of our approach but also highlight the potential of the innovative pH-responsive PhosAm linker. This study contributes significantly to the field and also paves the way for future advancements in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Savoy
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Feyisola P Olatunji
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Melody D Fulton
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Brittany N Kesic
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Jacob W Herman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Oscar Romero
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | | | - Clifford E Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA.
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3
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Nakajima R. Targeted Therapy for Prostate Cancer by Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Small-Molecule Drug Conjugates. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:136-142. [PMID: 38296554 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In the aging global population, prostate cancer is a worldwide health problem because the incidence rate of this disease increases at advanced ages. Although early-stage prostate cancer can be treated by total prostatectomy, the surgery causes side effects, such as incontinence and dysuria, that lower QOL. Once the disease progresses to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), there are no effective chemotherapeutic agents without systematic side effects. Therefore, targeted therapies for mCPRC are urgently needed. Traditional antibody-drug conjugate treatments for prostate cancer have been tested in clinical trials and several side effects have been observed. Meanwhile, small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) have certain advantages over antibody drug conjugates in terms of non-immunogenicity, reproducibility, and permeability. In this review, prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted SMDCs for treating prostate cancer are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakajima
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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4
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Xie H, Tian W, Liu Z. Application of hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles for cancer combination therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123459. [PMID: 37778513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant public health problem in the world. The treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy. Due to their respective limitations, the treatment effect is often unsatisfactory, laying hidden dangers for metastasis and recurrence. Since their exceptional biocompatibility and excellent targeting capabilities, hyaluronic acid-based biomaterials have generated great interest as drug delivery methods for tumor therapy. Moreover, modified HA can self-assemble into hydrogels or nanoparticles (NPs) for precise drug administration. This article summarizes the application of HA-based NPs in combination therapy. Ultimately, it is anticipated that this research will offer guidance for creating various HA-based NPs utilized in numerous cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haonan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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5
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Torng W, Biancofiore I, Oehler S, Xu J, Xu J, Watson I, Masina B, Prati L, Favalli N, Bassi G, Neri D, Cazzamalli S, Feng JA. Deep Learning Approach for the Discovery of Tumor-Targeting Small Organic Ligands from DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25090-25100. [PMID: 37483198 PMCID: PMC10357458 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries (DELs) have emerged as efficient and cost-effective ligand discovery tools, which enable the generation of protein-ligand interaction data of unprecedented size. In this article, we present an approach that combines DEL screening and instance-level deep learning modeling to identify tumor-targeting ligands against carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a clinically validated marker of hypoxia and clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We present a new ligand identification and hit-to-lead strategy driven by machine learning models trained on DELs, which expand the scope of DEL-derived chemical motifs. CAIX-screening datasets obtained from three different DELs were used to train machine learning models for generating novel hits, dissimilar to elements present in the original DELs. Out of the 152 novel potential hits that were identified with our approach and screened in an in vitro enzymatic inhibition assay, 70% displayed submicromolar activities (IC50 < 1 μM). To generate lead compounds that are functionalized with anticancer payloads, analogues of top hits were prioritized for synthesis based on the predicted CAIX affinity and synthetic feasibility. Three lead candidates showed accumulation on the surface of CAIX-expressing tumor cells in cellular binding assays. The best compound displayed an in vitro KD of 5.7 nM and selectively targeted tumors in mice bearing human renal cell carcinoma lesions. Our results demonstrate the synergy between DEL and machine learning for the identification of novel hits and for the successful translation of lead candidates for in vivo targeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Torng
- Google
Research, 1600 Amphitheatre
Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Oehler
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
| | - Jin Xu
- Google
Research, 1600 Amphitheatre
Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | - Jessica Xu
- Google
Research, 1600 Amphitheatre
Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | - Ian Watson
- Google
Research, 1600 Amphitheatre
Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
| | - Brenno Masina
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
| | - Luca Prati
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Favalli
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D
Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Zürich 8112, Switzerland
- Philogen
S.p.A., Siena 53100, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Jianwen A. Feng
- Google
Research, 1600 Amphitheatre
Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, United States
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6
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Zambra M, Ranđelović I, Talarico F, Borbély A, Svajda L, Tóvári J, Mező G, Bodero L, Colombo S, Arrigoni F, Fasola E, Gazzola S, Piarulli U. Optimizing the enzymatic release of MMAE from isoDGR-based small molecule drug conjugate by incorporation of a GPLG-PABC enzymatically cleavable linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215694. [PMID: 37492088 PMCID: PMC10363981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates (SMDCs) represent successful examples of targeted drug-delivery technologies for overcoming unwanted side effects of conventional chemotherapy in cancer treatment. In both strategies, a cytotoxic payload is connected to the tumor homing moiety through a linker that releases the drug inside or in proximity of the tumor cell, and that represents a key component for the final therapeutic effect of the conjugate. Here, we show that the replacement of the Val-Ala-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate linker with the Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate (GPLG-PABC) sequence as enzymatically cleavable linker in the SMDC bearing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] αVβ3 integrin ligand as tumor homing moiety and the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as cytotoxic payload led to a 4-fold more potent anti-tumoral effect of the final conjugate on different cancer cell lines. In addition, the synthesized conjugate resulted to be significantly more potent than the free MMAE when tested following the "kiss-and-run" protocol, and the relative potency were clearly consistent with the expression of the αVβ3 integrin receptor in the considered cancer cell lines. In vitro enzymatic cleavage tests showed that the GPLG-PABC linker is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes, and that the released drug is observable already after 15 min of incubation. Although additional data are needed to fully characterize the releasing capacity of GPLG-PABC linker, our findings are of therapeutic significance since we are introducing an alternative to other well-established enzymatically sensitive peptide sequences that might be used in the future for generating more efficient and less toxic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zambra
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco Talarico
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Svajda
- KINETO Lab Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Sveva Colombo
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
- Department of Chemistry Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Arrigoni
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Elettra Fasola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
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7
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Chang B, Xu Q, Guo H, Zhong M, Shen R, Zhao L, Zhao J, Ma T, Chu Y, Zhang J, Fang J. Puromycin Prodrug Activation by Thioredoxin Reductase Overcomes Its Promiscuous Cytotoxicity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3250-3261. [PMID: 36855911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) has been documented in malignant tissues and is of pathological significance for many types of tumors. The antibiotic puromycin (Puro) is a protein synthesis inhibitor causing premature polypeptide chain termination during translation. The well-defined action mechanism of Puro makes it a useful tool in biomedical studies. However, the nonselective cytotoxicity of Puro limits its therapeutic applications. We report herein the construction and evaluation of two Puro prodrugs, that is, S1-Puro with a five-membered cyclic disulfide trigger and S2-Puro with a linear disulfide trigger. S1-Puro is selectively activated by TrxR and shows the TrxR-dependent cytotoxicity to cancer cells, while S2-Puro is readily activated by thiols. Furthermore, S1-Puro displays higher stability in plasma than S2-Puro. We expect that this prodrug strategy may promote the further development of Puro as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qianhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hairui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ruipeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Lanning Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yajun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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8
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Olatunji FP, Pun M, Herman JW, Romero O, Maniatopoulos M, Latoche JD, Parise RA, Guo J, Beumer JH, Anderson CJ, Berkman CE. Modular Smart Molecules for PSMA-Targeted Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1701-1709. [PMID: 35999662 PMCID: PMC9842478 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New targeted chemotherapeutics are urgently needed to minimize off-target toxicity and reduce the high-mortality rate associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Herein, we report on the modular synthesis, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of two small-molecule-drug conjugates (SMDC) targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) incorporating either: (i) a cathepsin-B-cleavable valine-citrulline (Val-Cit), or (ii) an acid-cleavable phosphoramidate linker. Crucial components used in the design of the conjugates include: (i) CTT1298, a nanomolar affinity ligand that binds irreversibly to PSMA and has proven in past studies to rapidly internalize and shuttle payloads into PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, (ii) MMAE, a known potent cytotoxic payload, and (iii) an albumin-binder, proven to improve residence time of drug conjugates. At dose of 0.8 mg/kg (∼250 nmol/kg), the two SMDCs showed significant efficacy in a PSMA(+) PC3-PIP mouse model of human prostate cancer compared with controls, without inducing systemic toxicity. Though localization of the SMDCs was observed in tissues apart from the tumor, release of MMAE was observed predominantly in tumor tissue, at levels that were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than non-target tissues. Furthermore, SMDC2, which incorporated a novel pH-responsive phosporamidate linker, demonstrated significantly improved efficacy over SMDC1 that has a Val-Cit linker, with a 100% survival over 90 days and 4 out of 8 mice showing complete tumor growth inhibition after 6 weekly doses of 0.8 mg/kg (244 nmol/kg). Our findings demonstrate the potential of irreversible PSMA inhibitors combined with pH-responsive linkers as a way to specifically deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to prostate cancer tumors with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Pun
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Jacob W. Herman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
| | - Oscar Romero
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
| | | | - Joseph D. Latoche
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert A. Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
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9
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Theranostic Small-Molecule Prodrug Conjugates for Targeted Delivery and Controlled Release of Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137160. [PMID: 35806163 PMCID: PMC9266369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the design and synthesis of a small-molecule drug conjugate (SMDC) platform that demonstrated several advantages over antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in terms of in vivo pharmacokinetics, solid tumor penetration, definitive chemical structure, and adaptability for modular synthesis. Constructed on a tri-modal SMDC platform derived from 1,3,5-triazine (TZ) that consists of a targeting moiety (Lys-Urea-Glu) for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), here we report a novel class of chemically identical theranostic small-molecule prodrug conjugates (T-SMPDCs), [18/19F]F-TZ(PSMA)-LEGU-TLR7, for PSMA-targeted delivery and controlled release of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists to elicit de novo immune response for cancer immunotherapy. In vitro competitive binding assay of [19F]F-TZ(PSMA)-LEGU-TLR7 showed that the chemical modification of Lys-Urea-Glu did not compromise its binding affinity to PSMA. Receptor-mediated cell internalization upon the PSMA binding of [18F]F-TZ(PSMA)-LEGU-TLR7 showed a time-dependent increase, indicative of targeted intracellular delivery of the theranostic prodrug conjugate. The designed controlled release of gardiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, was realized by a legumain cleavable linker. We further performed an in vivo PET/CT imaging study that showed significantly higher uptake of [18F]F-TZ(PSMA)-LEGU-TLR7 in PSMA+ PC3-PIP tumors (1.9 ± 0.4% ID/g) than in PSMA− PC3-Flu tumors (0.8 ± 0.3% ID/g) at 1 h post-injection. In addition, the conjugate showed a one-compartment kinetic profile and in vivo stability. Taken together, our proof-of-concept biological evaluation demonstrated the potential of our T-SMPDCs for cancer immunomodulatory therapies.
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10
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Mai R, Deng B, Zhao H, Li L, Fang Y, Li S, Deng X, Chen J. Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Novel Enzyme-Triggerable Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Dendrimers for Targeted Delivery of Camptothecin and Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5850-5865. [PMID: 35380045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel enzyme-triggerable cell penetrating peptide (ETCPP) dendrimers with a camptothecin (CPT) warhead were designed and synthesized based on an amphiphilic penetrating peptide (FKKFFRKLL, discovered by us before). Among the newly synthesized ETCPP dendrimer conjugates, BL_Oc-SS-CPT (a high-generation dendrimer) exhibited the highest activity with IC50s in the nanomolar range (31-747 nM) against a panel of cancer cells, which is 3-10 times better than that of CPT. BL_Oc-SS-CPT remained intact during transit to target cells and in normal tissues with a plasma half-life of 4.2 h, 2.3-fold longer than that of the monomer (1.8 h). Once reaching the tumor site, BL_Oc-SS-CPT gradually released CPT in the presence of excessive matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 and GSH in cancer cells. Importantly, BL_Oc-SS-CPT exhibited excellent in vivo tumor targeting capability and antitumor efficacy with benign toxicity profiles. Thus, the novel ETCPP dendrimer-based drug delivery system (e.g., BL_Oc-SS-CPT) represents a safe and effective strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bulian Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuyu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First People's Hospital of Pingjiang County, Yueyang 414500, China
| | - Siming Li
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch, 230 Gaotang Road, Guangzhou 510656, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
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11
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Collyer SE, Stack GD, Walsh JJ. Selective delivery of clinically approved tubulin binding agents through covalent conjugation to an active targeting moiety. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5179-5211. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The efficacy and tolerability of tubulin binding agents are hampered by their low specificity for cancer cells, like most clinically used anticancer agents. To improve specificity, tubulin binding agents have been covalently conjugated to agents which target cancer cells to give actively targeted drug conjugates. These conjugates are designed to increase uptake of the drug by cancer cells, while having limited uptake by normal cells thereby improving efficacy and tolerability.
Approaches used include attachment to small molecules, polysaccharides, peptides, proteins and antibodies that exploit the overexpression of receptors for these substances. Antibody targeted strategies have been the most successful to date with six such examples having gained clinical approval. Many other conjugate types, especially those targeting the folate receptor, have shown promising efficacy and toxicity profiles in pre-clinical models and in early-stage clinical studies. Presented herein is a discussion of the success or otherwise of the recent strategies used to form these actively targeted conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Collyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary D. Stack
- Department of Nursing and Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland
| | - John J. Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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DNA-encoded library versus RNA-encoded library selection enables design of an oncogenic noncoding RNA inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114971119. [PMID: 35110406 PMCID: PMC8833215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114971119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery generally investigates one target at a time, in sharp contrast to living organisms, which mold ligands and targets by evolution of highly complex molecular interaction networks. We recapitulate this modality of discovery by encoding drug structures in DNA, allowing the entire DNA-encoded library to interact with thousands of RNA fold targets, and then decoding both drug and target by sequencing. This information serves as a filter to identify human RNAs aberrantly produced in cancer that are also binding partners of the discovered ligand, leading to a precision medicine candidate that selectively ablates an oncogenic noncoding RNA, reversing a disease-associated phenotype in cells. Nature evolves molecular interaction networks through persistent perturbation and selection, in stark contrast to drug discovery, which evaluates candidates one at a time by screening. Here, nature’s highly parallel ligand-target search paradigm is recapitulated in a screen of a DNA-encoded library (DEL; 73,728 ligands) against a library of RNA structures (4,096 targets). In total, the screen evaluated ∼300 million interactions and identified numerous bona fide ligand–RNA three-dimensional fold target pairs. One of the discovered ligands bound a 5′GAG/3′CCC internal loop that is present in primary microRNA-27a (pri-miR-27a), the oncogenic precursor of microRNA-27a. The DEL-derived pri-miR-27a ligand was cell active, potently and selectively inhibiting pri-miR-27a processing to reprogram gene expression and halt an otherwise invasive phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer cells. By exploiting evolutionary principles at the earliest stages of drug discovery, it is possible to identify high-affinity and selective target–ligand interactions and predict engagements in cells that short circuit disease pathways in preclinical disease models.
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13
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PSMA-Targeting Imaging and Theranostic Agents-Current Status and Future Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031158. [PMID: 35163083 PMCID: PMC8835702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, extensive efforts have been made to develop agents targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. To date, represented by two recent approvals of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [18F]F-DCFPyL by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to identify suspected metastases or recurrence in patients with prostate cancer, PSMA-targeting imaging and theranostic agents derived from small molecule PSMA inhibitors have advanced to clinical practice and trials of prostate cancer. The focus of current development of new PSMA-targeting agents has thus shifted to the improvement of in vivo pharmacokinetics and higher specific binding affinity with the aims to further increase the detection sensitivity and specificity and minimize the toxicity to non-target tissues, particularly the kidneys. The main strategies involve systematic chemical modifications of the linkage between the targeting moiety and imaging/therapy payloads. In addition to a summary of the development history of PSMA-targeting agents, this review provides an overview of current advances and future promise of PSMA-targeted imaging and theranostics with focuses on the structural determinants of the chemical modification towards the next generation of PSMA-targeting agents.
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14
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Lerchen HG, Stelte-Ludwig B, Kopitz C, Heroult M, Zubov D, Willuda J, Schlange T, Kahnert A, Wong H, Izumi R, Hamdy A. A Small Molecule–Drug Conjugate (SMDC) Consisting of a Modified Camptothecin Payload Linked to an αVß3 Binder for the Treatment of Multiple Cancer Types. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020391. [PMID: 35053556 PMCID: PMC8773721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve tumor selectivity of cytotoxic agents, we designed VIP236, a small molecule–drug conjugate consisting of an αVβ3 integrin binder linked to a modified camptothecin payload (VIP126), which is released by the enzyme neutrophil elastase (NE) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The tumor targeting and pharmacokinetics of VIP236 were studied in tumor-bearing mice by in vivo near-infrared imaging and by analyzing tumor and plasma samples. The efficacy of VIP236 was investigated in a panel of cancer cell lines in vitro, and in MX-1, NCI-H69, and SW480 murine xenograft models. Imaging studies with the αVβ3 binder demonstrated efficient tumor targeting. Administration of VIP126 via VIP236 resulted in a 10-fold improvement in the tumor/plasma ratio of VIP126 compared with VIP126 administered alone. Unlike SN38, VIP126 is not a substrate of P-gp and BCRP drug transporters. VIP236 presented strong cytotoxic activity in the presence of NE. VIP236 treatment resulted in tumor regressions and very good tolerability in all in vivo models tested. VIP236 represents a novel approach for delivering a potent cytotoxic agent by utilizing αVβ3 as a targeting moiety and NE in the TME to release the VIP126 payload—designed for high permeability and low efflux—directly into the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Lerchen
- Vincerx Pharma GmbH, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-157-31993091
| | | | | | - Melanie Heroult
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Dmitry Zubov
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (D.Z.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Joerg Willuda
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Schlange
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (D.Z.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Antje Kahnert
- Pharmaceuticals R&D, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (D.Z.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Harvey Wong
- Vincerx Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Raquel Izumi
- Vincerx Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Hamdy
- Vincerx Pharma Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; (H.W.); (R.I.); (A.H.)
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15
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Gavriel A, Sambrook M, Russell AT, Hayes W. Recent advances in self-immolative linkers and their applications in polymeric reporting systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interest in self-immolative chemistry has grown over the past decade with more research groups harnessing the versatility to control the release of a compound from a larger chemical entity, given...
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16
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Xia X, Yang X, Huang W, Xia X, Yan D. Self-Assembled Nanomicelles of Affibody-Drug Conjugate with Excellent Therapeutic Property to Cure Ovary and Breast Cancers. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:33. [PMID: 34902075 PMCID: PMC8669081 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small non-immunoglobulin affinity proteins, which can precisely target to some cancer cells with specific overexpressed molecular signatures. However, the relatively short in vivo half-life of them seriously limited their application in drug targeted delivery for cancer therapy. Here an amphiphilic affibody-drug conjugate is self-assembled into nanomicelles to prolong circulation time for targeted cancer therapy. As an example of the concept, the nanoagent was prepared through molecular self-assembly of the amphiphilic conjugate of ZHER2:342-Cys with auristatin E derivate, where the affibody used is capable of binding to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Such a nanodrug not only increased the blood circulation time, but also enhanced the tumor targeting capacity (abundant affibody arms on the nanoagent surface) and the drug accumulation in tumor. As a result, this affibody-based nanoagent showed excellent antitumor activity in vivo to HER2-positive ovary and breast tumor models, which nearly eradicated both small solid tumors (about 100 mm3) and large established tumors (exceed 500 mm3). The relative tumor proliferation inhibition ratio reaches 99.8% for both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Schneider H, Englert S, Macarrón Palacios A, Lerma Romero JA, Ali A, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Synthetic Integrin-Targeting Dextran-Fc Hybrids Efficiently Inhibit Tumor Proliferation In Vitro. Front Chem 2021; 9:693097. [PMID: 34368077 PMCID: PMC8339797 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.693097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel integrin-targeting molecular hybrids combining RGD peptides and a potent cytotoxin presented on dextran polysaccharides. Based on an aglycosylated Fc as a centerpiece, endosomal-cleavable cytotoxic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and dextran as multimerization site were covalently connected by two bioorthogonal enzyme-mediated reactions site-specifically. Decoration of dextran with cyclic RGD peptides, introduced by copper “click” reaction, resulted in the final constructs with the potential to kill integrin-overexpressing tumor cells. We found that these modifications had little impact on the stability of the Fc scaffold and the RGD-bearing construct showed good binding properties of αvβ3-expressing U87MG cells. Furthermore, the construct showed a remarkable antiproliferative activity. These results demonstrate the general capability of our design to provoke receptor-mediated endocytosis upon binding to the cellular surface, followed by endosomal cleavage of the linkage between Fc-dextran and MMAE and its subsequent release. Our approach opens new avenues to transcribe small molecule binders into tailor-made multimeric molecular hybrids with antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Englert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arturo Macarrón Palacios
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Ataurehman Ali
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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18
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Favalli N, Bassi G, Pellegrino C, Millul J, De Luca R, Cazzamalli S, Yang S, Trenner A, Mozaffari NL, Myburgh R, Moroglu M, Conway SJ, Sartori AA, Manz MG, Lerner RA, Vogt PK, Scheuermann J, Neri D. Stereo- and regiodefined DNA-encoded chemical libraries enable efficient tumour-targeting applications. Nat Chem 2021; 13:540-548. [PMID: 33833446 PMCID: PMC8405038 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The encoding of chemical compounds with amplifiable DNA tags facilitates the discovery of small-molecule ligands for proteins. To investigate the impact of stereo- and regiochemistry on ligand discovery, we synthesized a DNA-encoded library of 670,752 derivatives based on 2-azido-3-iodophenylpropionic acids. The library was selected against multiple proteins and yielded specific ligands. The selection fingerprints obtained for a set of protein targets of pharmaceutical relevance clearly showed the preferential enrichment of ortho-, meta- or para-regioisomers, which was experimentally verified by affinity measurements in the absence of DNA. The discovered ligands included novel selective enzyme inhibitors and binders to tumour-associated antigens, which enabled conditional chimeric antigen receptor T-cell activation and tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Favalli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Su Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anika Trenner
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nour L Mozaffari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renier Myburgh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandro A Sartori
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Vogt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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An ultra-high-affinity small organic ligand of fibroblast activation protein for tumor-targeting applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101852118. [PMID: 33850024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101852118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of OncoFAP, an ultra-high-affinity ligand of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) for targeting applications with pan-tumoral potential. OncoFAP binds to human FAP with affinity in the subnanomolar concentration range and cross-reacts with the murine isoform of the protein. We generated various fluorescent and radiolabeled derivatives of OncoFAP in order to study biodistribution properties and tumor-targeting performance in preclinical models. Fluorescent derivatives selectively localized in FAP-positive tumors implanted in nude mice with a rapid and homogeneous penetration within the neoplastic tissue. Quantitative in vivo biodistribution studies with a lutetium-177-labeled derivative of OncoFAP revealed a preferential localization in tumors at doses of up to 1,000 nmol/kg. More than 30% of the injected dose had already accumulated in 1 g of tumor 10 min after intravenous injection and persisted for at least 3 h with excellent tumor-to-organ ratios. OncoFAP also served as a modular component for the generation of nonradioactive therapeutic products. A fluorescein conjugate mediated a potent and FAP-dependent tumor cell killing activity in combination with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells specific to fluorescein. Similarly, a conjugate of OncoFAP with the monomethyl auristatin E-based Vedotin payload was well tolerated and cured tumor-bearing mice in combination with a clinical-stage antibody-interleukin-2 fusion. Collectively, these data support the development of OncoFAP-based products for tumor-targeting applications in patients with cancer.
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20
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Anselmi M, Borbély A, Figueras E, Michalek C, Kemker I, Gentilucci L, Sewald N. Linker Hydrophilicity Modulates the Anticancer Activity of RGD-Cryptophycin Conjugates. Chemistry 2021; 27:1015-1022. [PMID: 32955139 PMCID: PMC7839693 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most anticancer agents are hydrophobic and can easily penetrate the tumor cell membrane by passive diffusion. This may impede the development of highly effective and tumor-selective treatment options. A hydrophilic β-glucuronidase-cleavable linker was used to connect the highly potent antimitotic agent cryptophycin-55 glycinate with the αv β3 integrin ligand c(RGDfK). Incorporation of the self-immolative linker containing glucuronic acid results in lower cytotoxicity than that of the free payload, suggesting that hydrophilic sugar linkers can preclude passive cellular uptake. In vitro drug-release studies and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the potential of this small molecule-drug conjugate, providing guidance for the development of therapeutics containing hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Anselmi
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
- Department of Chemistry“G. Ciamician” University of Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Carmela Michalek
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry“G. Ciamician” University of Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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21
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Dal Corso A, Arosio S, Arrighetti N, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. A trifunctional self-immolative spacer enables drug release with two non-sequential enzymatic cleavages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7778-7781. [PMID: 34263896 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclative cleavage of an amine-carbamate self-immolative spacer to deliver a hydroxyl cargo was inhibited by spacer derivatisation with a phosphate monoester handle. This trifunctional spacer was installed in a model anticancer prodrug that showed fast drug release only when incubated with both a protease and a phosphatase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Simone Arosio
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, Milan, I-20133, Italy.
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22
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Millul J, Krudewig C, Zana A, Dakhel Plaza S, Puca E, Villa A, Neri D, Cazzamalli S. Immunotherapy with Immunocytokines and PD-1 Blockade Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:512-522. [PMID: 33443104 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) represent an alternative to conventional antitumor chemotherapeutic agents, with the potential to improve the therapeutic window of cytotoxic payloads through active delivery at the site of the disease. In this article, we describe novel combination therapies consisting of anti-carbonic anhydrase IX SMDCs combined with different immunomodulatory products. The therapeutic effect of the SMDCs was potentiated by combination with PD-1 blockade and with tumor-homing antibody-cytokine fusions in mouse models of renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. The combination with L19-IL12, a fusion protein specific to the alternatively spliced EDB domain of fibronectin containing the murine IL12 moiety, was also active against large established tumors. Analysis of the microscopic structures of healthy organs performed 3 months after tumor eradication confirmed absence of pathologic abnormalities in the healthy kidney, liver, lung, stomach, and intestine. Our findings may be of clinical significance as they provide motivation for the development of combinations based on SMDCs and immunotherapy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Catalano M, Bassi G, Rotondi G, Khettabi L, Dichiara M, Murer P, Scheuermann J, Soler-Lopez M, Neri D. Discovery, affinity maturation and multimerization of small molecule ligands against human tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:363-369. [PMID: 34041485 PMCID: PMC8130610 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tyrosinase (hTYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (hTYRP1) are closely-related enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin, which are selectively expressed in melanocytes and, in a pathological context, in melanoma lesions. We used a previously described tyrosinase inhibitor (Thiamidol™) and DNA-encoded library technology for the discovery of novel hTYR and hTYRP1 ligands, that could be used as vehicles for melanoma targeting. Performing de novo selections with DNA-encoded libraries, we discovered novel ligands capable of binding to both hTYR and hTYRP1. More potent ligands were obtained by multimerizing Thiamidol™ moieties, leading to homotetrameric structures that avidly bound to melanoma cells, as revealed by flow cytometry. These findings suggest that melanoma lesions may, in the future, be targeted not only by monoclonal antibody reagents but also by small organic ligands. A series of different strategies were oriented toward the discovery of small molecule ligands binding to the human version of tyrosinase (hTYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (hTYRP1), which may represent the basis for novel treatments of melanoma.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Catalano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland .,Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France.,CNRS, DCM, Université Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Chen YY, Lo CF, Chiu TY, Hsu CY, Yeh TK, Chen CP, Huang CL, Huang CY, Wang MH, Huang YC, Ho HH, Chao YS, Shih JC, Tsou LK, Chen CT. BPRDP056, a novel small molecule drug conjugate specifically targeting phosphatidylserine for cancer therapy. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100897. [PMID: 33069101 PMCID: PMC7569237 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) has been shown to specifically identify and bind to phosphatidylserine (PS), which exists in bulk in the tumor microenvironment. BPRDP056, a Zn-DPA-SN38 conjugate was designed to provide PS-targeted drug delivery of a cytotoxic SN38 to the tumor microenvironment, thereby allowing a lower dosage of SN38 that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Micro-Western assay showed that BPRDP056 exhibited apoptotic signal levels similar to those of CPT-11 in the treated tumors growing in mice. Pharmacokinetic study showed that BPRDP056 has excellent systemic stability in circulation in mice and rats. BPRDP056 is accumulated in tumors and thus increases the cytotoxic effects of SN38. The in vivo antitumor activities of BPRDP056 have been shown to be significant in subcutaneous pancreas, prostate, colon, liver, breast, and glioblastoma tumors, included an orthotopic pancreatic tumor, in mice. BPRDP056 shrunk tumors at a lower (~20% only) dosing intensity of SN38 compared to that of SN38 conjugated in CPT-11 in all tumor models tested. A wide spectrum of antitumor activities is expected to treat all cancer types of PS-rich tumor microenvironments. BPRDP056 is a first-in-class small molecule drug conjugate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Fu Lo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tai-Yu Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Lung Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yu Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Hsien Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsuan-Hui Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sheng Chao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Joe C Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lun K Tsou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan, ROC.
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25
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Dal Corso A. Targeted Small‐Molecule Conjugates: The Future is Now. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3321-3322. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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26
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Pina A, Kadri M, Arosio D, Dal Corso A, Coll JL, Gennari C, Boturyn D. Multimeric Presentation of RGD Peptidomimetics Enhances Integrin Binding and Tumor Cell Uptake. Chemistry 2020; 26:7492-7496. [PMID: 32227540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of multimeric ligands is considered as a promising strategy to improve tumor targeting for diagnosis and therapy. Herein, tetrameric RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptidomimetics were designed to target αv β3 integrin-expressing tumor cells. These compounds were prepared by an oxime chemoselective assembly of cyclo(DKP-RGD) ligands and a cyclodecapeptide scaffold, which allows a tetrameric presentation. The resulting tetrameric RGD peptidomimetics were shown to improve αv β3 integrin binding compared with the monomeric form. Interestingly, these compounds were also able to enhance tumor cell endocytosis in the same way as tetrameric RGD peptides. Altogether, the results show the potential of the tetrameric cyclo(DKP-RGD) ligands for in vivo imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pina
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Malika Kadri
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC) "Giulio Natta", Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Didier Boturyn
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 570, rue de la chimie, CS 40700, 38041, GRENOBLE Cedex 9, France
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27
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Gao WC, Tian J, Shang YZ, Jiang X. Steric and stereoscopic disulfide construction for cross-linkage via N-dithiophthalimides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3903-3908. [PMID: 34122859 PMCID: PMC8152801 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are a significant motif in life and drug-delivery systems. In particular, steric hindrance and stereoscopic disulfide linkers are closely associated with the stability of antibody–drug conjugates, which affects the potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics of drugs. However, limited availability and diversity of tertiary thiols impede the construction of steric and stereoscopic disulfides for cross-linkage in biochemistry and pharmaceuticals. Through modulating the mask effect of disulfurating reagents, we develop a facile and robust strategy for construction of diverse steric and stereoscopic disulfides via N-dithiophthalimides. The practical cross-linkage of biomolecules including amino acids, saccharides, and nucleosides with different drugs and fluorescent molecules is successfully established through hindered disulfide linkers. A series of steric and stereoscopic disulfides are constructed with N-dithiophthalimides, enabling the cross-linkage of biomolecules, drugs and fluorescent molecules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Shang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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28
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Borbély A, Thoreau F, Figueras E, Kadri M, Coll J, Boturyn D, Sewald N. Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Monomeric and Tetrameric RGD-Cryptophycin Conjugates. Chemistry 2020; 26:2602-2605. [PMID: 31943410 PMCID: PMC7064988 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effective delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells is a key challenge in anticancer therapy. Multivalent integrinspecific ligands are considered a promising tool to increase the binding affinity, selectivity, and internalization efficiency of small-molecule drug conjugates. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a multimeric conjugate containing the high-affinity integrin αv β3 binding ligand RAFT-c(RGDfK)4 , a lysosomally cleavable Val-Cit linker, and cryptophycin-55 glycinate, a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. In vitro cytotoxicity assays verified that the multimeric RGD-cryptophycin conjugate displays improved potency compared to the monomeric analogue in integrin αv β3 overexpressing tumor cell lines, while significantly reduced activity was observed in the integrin-negative cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Fabien Thoreau
- CNRS, Department of Molecular ChemistryUniversity Grenoble Alpes, UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Malika Kadri
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversity Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209—UMR CNRS 530938700GrenobleFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesUniversity Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209—UMR CNRS 530938700GrenobleFrance
| | - Didier Boturyn
- CNRS, Department of Molecular ChemistryUniversity Grenoble Alpes, UMR 525038000GrenobleFrance
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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29
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Fernández M, Shamsabadi A, Chudasama V. Fine-tuning thio-pyridazinediones as SMDC scaffolds (with intracellular thiol release via a novel self-immolative linker). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1125-1128. [PMID: 31894778 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08744c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of a library of thioalkyl- and thioaryl-pyridazinediones for thiol-based self-immolative release of cargo. A bisthioaryl-pyridazinedione is shown to be stable to serum protein albumin but unstable in intracellular conditions. A derivatised analogue underwent self-immolative degradation in cellular thiol conditions as evidenced by LC-MS/release of a turn-on fluorescence fluorophore; versatility of the thiol-pyridazinedione is demonstrated through synthesis of SMDC precursors that contain three different functional groups on the same central molecule.
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30
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Dal Corso A, Borlandelli V, Corno C, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Fast Cyclization of a Proline-Derived Self-Immolative Spacer Improves the Efficacy of Carbamate Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4176-4181. [PMID: 31881115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-immolative (SI) spacers are sophisticated chemical constructs designed for molecular delivery or material degradation. We describe herein a (S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine SI spacer that is able to release different types of anticancer drugs (possessing either a phenolic or secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups) through a fast cyclization mechanism involving carbamate cleavage. The high efficiency of drug release obtained with this spacer was found to be beneficial for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of protease-sensitive prodrugs, compared with a commonly used spacer of the same class. These findings expand the repertoire of degradation machineries and are instrumental for the future development of highly efficient delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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31
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Dal Corso A, Borlandelli V, Corno C, Perego P, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Fast Cyclization of a Proline‐Derived Self‐Immolative Spacer Improves the Efficacy of Carbamate Prodrugs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Molecular Pharmacology Unit Department of Applied Research and Technological Development via Amadeo 42 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Molecular Pharmacology Unit Department of Applied Research and Technological Development via Amadeo 42 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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32
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López Rivas P, Müller C, Breunig C, Hechler T, Pahl A, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Dal Corso A, Gennari C. β-Glucuronidase triggers extracellular MMAE release from an integrin-targeted conjugate. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:4705-4710. [PMID: 31020985 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00617f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-internalizing αvβ3 integrin ligand was conjugated to the anticancer drug MMAE through a β-glucuronidase-responsive linker. In the presence of β-glucuronidase, only the conjugate bearing a PEG4 spacer inhibited the proliferation of integrin-expressing cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations, indicating important structural requirements for the efficacy of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula López Rivas
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via C. Golgi, 19 I-20133, Milan, Italy.
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33
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Ghiasikhou S, Cazzamalli S, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Zenobi R. Automated and enhanced extraction of a small molecule-drug conjugate using an enzyme-inhibitor interaction based SPME tool followed by direct analysis by ESI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7387-7398. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Dal Corso A, Pignataro L, Belvisi L, Gennari C. Innovative Linker Strategies for Tumor‐Targeted Drug Conjugates. Chemistry 2019; 25:14740-14757. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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35
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Borbély A, Figueras E, Martins A, Bodero L, Raposo Moreira Dias A, López Rivas P, Pina A, Arosio D, Gallinari P, Frese M, Steinkühler C, Gennari C, Piarulli U, Sewald N. Conjugates of Cryptophycin and RGD or isoDGR Peptidomimetics for Targeted Drug Delivery. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:737-742. [PMID: 31275795 PMCID: PMC6587324 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RGD-cryptophycin and isoDGR-cryptophycin conjugates were synthetized by combining peptidomimetic integrin ligands and cryptophycin, a highly potent tubulin-binding antimitotic agent across lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala or uncleavable linkers. The conjugates were able to effectively inhibit binding of biotinylated vitronectin to integrin αvβ3, showing a binding affinity in the same range as that of the free ligands. The antiproliferative activity of the novel conjugates was evaluated on human melanoma cells M21 and M21-L with different expression levels of integrin αvβ3, showing nanomolar potency of all four compounds against both cell lines. Conjugates containing uncleavable linker show reduced activity compared to the corresponding cleavable conjugates, indicating efficient intracellular drug release in the case of cryptophycin-based SMDCs. However, no significant correlation between the in vitro biological activity of the conjugates and the integrin αvβ3 expression level was observed, which is presumably due to a non-integrin-mediated uptake. This reveals the complexity of effective and selective αvβ3 integrin-mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25DE-33615BielefeldGermany
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25DE-33615BielefeldGermany
| | - Ana Martins
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25DE-33615BielefeldGermany
- Exiris s.r.l.Via di Castel Romano 100IT-00128RomeItaly
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio, 11IT-22100ComoItaly
| | | | - Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi, 19IT-20133MilanoItaly
| | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi, 19IT-20133MilanoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)CNRVia C. Golgi, 19IT-20133MilanoItaly
| | | | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25DE-33615BielefeldGermany
| | | | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi, 19IT-20133MilanoItaly
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio, 11IT-22100ComoItaly
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of ChemistryBielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 25DE-33615BielefeldGermany
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36
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Klahn P, Fetz V, Ritter A, Collisi W, Hinkelmann B, Arnold T, Tegge W, Rox K, Hüttel S, Mohr KI, Wink J, Stadler M, Wissing J, Jänsch L, Brönstrup M. The nuclear export inhibitor aminoratjadone is a potent effector in extracellular-targeted drug conjugates. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5197-5210. [PMID: 31191875 PMCID: PMC6540907 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05542d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of targeted drug conjugates has been successfully translated to clinical practice in oncology. Whereas the majority of cytotoxic effectors in drug conjugates are directed against either DNA or tubulin, our study aimed to validate nuclear export inhibition as a novel effector principle in drug conjugates. For this purpose, a semisynthetic route starting from the natural product ratjadone A, a potent nuclear export inhibitor, has been developed. The biological evaluation of ratjadones functionalized at the 16-position revealed that oxo- and amino-analogues had very high potencies against cancer cell lines (e.g. 16R-aminoratjadone 16 with IC50 = 260 pM against MCF-7 cells, or 19-oxoratjadone 14 with IC50 = 100 pM against A-549 cells). Mechanistically, the conjugates retained a nuclear export inhibitory activity through binding CRM1. To demonstrate a proof-of-principle for cellular targeting, folate- and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-based carrier molecules were synthesized and coupled to aminoratjadones as well as fluorescein for cellular efficacy and imaging studies, respectively. The Trojan-Horse conjugates selectively addressed receptor-positive cell lines and were highly potent inhibitors of their proliferation. For example, the folate conjugate FA-7-Val-Cit-pABA-16R-aminoratjadone had an IC50 of 34.3 nM, and the LHRH conjugate d-Orn-Gose-Val-Cit-pABA-16R-aminoratjadone had an IC50 of 12.8 nM. The results demonstrate that nuclear export inhibition is a promising mode-of-action for extracellular-targeted drug conjugate payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30 , 38106 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Verena Fetz
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Antje Ritter
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Wera Collisi
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Bettina Hinkelmann
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Tatjana Arnold
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Werner Tegge
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
| | - Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
- German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stephan Hüttel
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Kathrin I Mohr
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Joachim Wink
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Josef Wissing
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins , Research Group Cellular Proteomic , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins , Research Group Cellular Proteomic , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Inhoffenstrasse 7 , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany .
- Biomolecular Drug Research Center (BMWZ) , Schneiderberg 38 , 30167 Hannover , Germany
- German Centre of Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig , Germany
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37
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Octreotide Conjugates for Tumor Targeting and Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050220. [PMID: 31067748 PMCID: PMC6571972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor targeting has emerged as an advantageous approach to improving the efficacy and safety of cytotoxic agents or radiolabeled ligands that do not preferentially accumulate in the tumor tissue. The somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily and they are overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). SSTRs can be efficiently targeted with octreotide, a cyclic octapeptide that is derived from native somatostatin. The conjugation of cargoes to octreotide represents an attractive approach for effective tumor targeting. In this study, we conjugated octreotide to cryptophycin, which is a highly cytotoxic depsipeptide, through the protease cleavable Val-Cit dipeptide linker using two different self-immolative moieties. The biological activity was investigated in vitro and the self-immolative part largely influenced the stability of the conjugates. Replacement of cryptophycin by the infrared cyanine dye Cy5.5 was exploited to elucidate the tumor targeting properties of the conjugates in vitro and in vivo. The compound efficiently and selectively internalized in cells overexpressing SSTR2 and accumulated in xenografts for a prolonged time. Our results on the in vivo properties indicate that octreotide may serve as an efficient delivery vehicle for tumor targeting.
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Raposo Moreira Dias A, Bodero L, Martins A, Arosio D, Gazzola S, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Steinkühler C, Dal Corso A, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of RGD and isoDGR-Monomethyl Auristatin Conjugates Targeting Integrin α V β 3. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:938-942. [PMID: 30840356 PMCID: PMC6593765 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of a series of small-molecule-drug conjugates containing the αV β3 -integrin ligand cyclo[DKP-RGD] or cyclo[DKP-isoDGR], a lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala (VA) linker or an "uncleavable" version devoid of this sequence, and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or F (MMAF) as the cytotoxic agent. The conjugates were obtained via a straightforward synthetic scheme taking advantage of a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition as the key step. The conjugates were tested for their binding affinity for the isolated αv β3 receptor and were shown to retain nanomolar IC50 values, in the same range as those of the free ligands. The cytotoxic activity of the conjugates was evaluated in cell viability assays with αv β3 integrin overexpressing human glioblastoma (U87) and human melanoma (M21) cells. The conjugates possess markedly lower cytotoxic activity than the free drugs, which is consistent with inefficient integrin-mediated internalization. In almost all cases the conjugates featuring isoDGR as integrin ligand exhibited higher potency than their RGD counterparts. In particular, the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-VA-MMAE conjugate has low nanomolar IC50 values in cell viability assays with both cancer cell lines tested (U87: 11.50±0.13 nm; M21: 6.94±0.09 nm) and is therefore a promising candidate for in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Ana Martins
- Exiris SrlVia di Castel Romano, 10000128RomeItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | | | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
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Ottl J, Leder L, Schaefer JV, Dumelin CE. Encoded Library Technologies as Integrated Lead Finding Platforms for Drug Discovery. Molecules 2019; 24:E1629. [PMID: 31027189 PMCID: PMC6514559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of targets investigated in pharmaceutical research is continuously moving into uncharted territory. Consequently, finding suitable chemical matter with current compound collections is proving increasingly difficult. Encoded library technologies enable the rapid exploration of large chemical space for the identification of ligands for such targets. These binders facilitate drug discovery projects both as tools for target validation, structural elucidation and assay development as well as starting points for medicinal chemistry. Novartis internalized two complementing encoded library platforms to accelerate the initiation of its drug discovery programs. For the identification of low-molecular weight ligands, we apply DNA-encoded libraries. In addition, encoded peptide libraries are employed to identify cyclic peptides. This review discusses how we apply these two platforms in our research and why we consider it beneficial to run both pipelines in-house.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Leder
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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40
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Darowski D, Kobold S, Jost C, Klein C. Combining the best of two worlds: highly flexible chimeric antigen receptor adaptor molecules (CAR-adaptors) for the recruitment of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. MAbs 2019; 11:621-631. [PMID: 30892136 PMCID: PMC6601549 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1596511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have a proven efficacy for the treatment of refractory hematological B cell malignancies. While often accompanied by side effects, CAR-T technology is getting more mature and will become an important treatment option for various tumor indications. In this review, we summarize emerging approaches that aim to further evolve CAR-T cell therapy based on combinations of so-called universal or modular CAR-(modCAR-)T cells, and their respective adaptor molecules (CAR-adaptors), which mediate the crosslinking between target and effector cells. The activity of such modCAR-T cells is entirely dependent on binding of the respective CAR-adaptor to both a tumor antigen and to the CAR-expressing T cell. Contrary to conventional CAR-T cells, where the immunological synapse is established by direct interaction of CAR and membrane-bound target, modCAR-T cells provide a highly flexible and customizable development of the CAR-T cell concept and offer an additional possibility to control T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Darowski
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- b Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV , Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Jost
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- a Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development , Roche Innovation Center Zurich , Schlieren , Switzerland
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Borbély A, Figueras E, Martins A, Esposito S, Auciello G, Monteagudo E, Di Marco A, Summa V, Cordella P, Perego R, Kemker I, Frese M, Gallinari P, Steinkühler C, Sewald N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of RGD⁻Cryptophycin Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E151. [PMID: 30939768 PMCID: PMC6523311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors with picomolar antiproliferative potency in vitro and activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Because of neurotoxic side effects and limited efficacy in vivo, cryptophycin-52 failed as a clinical candidate in cancer treatment. However, this class of compounds has emerged as attractive payloads for tumor-targeting applications. In this study, cryptophycin was conjugated to the cyclopeptide c(RGDfK), targeting integrin αvβ₃, across the protease-cleavable Val-Cit linker and two different self-immolative spacers. Plasma metabolic stability studies in vitro showed that our selected payload displays an improved stability compared to the parent compound, while the stability of the conjugates is strongly influenced by the self-immolative moiety. Cathepsin B cleavage assays revealed that modifications in the linker lead to different drug release profiles. Antiproliferative effects of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)⁻cryptophycin conjugates were evaluated on M21 and M21-L human melanoma cell lines. The low nanomolar in vitro activity of the novel conjugates was associated with inferior selectivity for cell lines with different integrin αvβ₃ expression levels. To elucidate the drug delivery process, cryptophycin was replaced by an infrared dye and the obtained conjugates were studied by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ana Martins
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Giulio Auciello
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Paola Cordella
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Raffaella Perego
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Paola Gallinari
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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Kunig V, Potowski M, Gohla A, Brunschweiger A. DNA-encoded libraries - an efficient small molecule discovery technology for the biomedical sciences. Biol Chem 2019; 399:691-710. [PMID: 29894294 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded compound libraries are a highly attractive technology for the discovery of small molecule protein ligands. These compound collections consist of small molecules covalently connected to individual DNA sequences carrying readable information about the compound structure. DNA-tagging allows for efficient synthesis, handling and interrogation of vast numbers of chemically synthesized, drug-like compounds. They are screened on proteins by an efficient, generic assay based on Darwinian principles of selection. To date, selection of DNA-encoded libraries allowed for the identification of numerous bioactive compounds. Some of these compounds uncovered hitherto unknown allosteric binding sites on target proteins; several compounds proved their value as chemical biology probes unraveling complex biology; and the first examples of clinical candidates that trace their ancestry to a DNA-encoded library were reported. Thus, DNA-encoded libraries proved their value for the biomedical sciences as a generic technology for the identification of bioactive drug-like molecules numerous times. However, large scale experiments showed that even the selection of billions of compounds failed to deliver bioactive compounds for the majority of proteins in an unbiased panel of target proteins. This raises the question of compound library design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kunig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Potowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne Gohla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Yang X, Zhu H, Yang X, Li N, Huang H, Liu T, Guo X, Xu X, Xia L, Deng C, Tian X, Yang Z. Targeting CAIX with [ 64Cu]XYIMSR-06 Small Molecular Radiotracer Enables Noninvasive PET Imaging of Malignant Glioma in U87 MG Tumor Cell Xenograft Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1532-1540. [PMID: 30803240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An effective and noninvasive PET molecular imaging agent targeting CAIX would help its diagnosis and treatment but is not currently available. Recently, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) CAIX targeting agent, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06, was reported to have significantly improved properties for targeting clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We are encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adapting this agent for the diagnosis and treatment of CAIX-overexpressing malignant glioma. In vitro cell uptake and binding affinity assays were used to verify the binding capacity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG tumor cells in which CAIX overexpression was confirmed. The U87 MG tumor-bearing mouse (in situ and subcutaneous) model was built, and mice were injected with the radiotracer and/or coinjected with acetazolamide (0.2 g/kg) as a blocking agent for noninvasive micro-PET imaging. Micro-PET imaging was performed at 2, 4, and 8 h postinjection. ROI (region of interest)-based semiquantification was performed in an orthotopic glioma tumor model. Biodistribution throughout each organ was performed at 2, 4, 4 h block, 8, and 24 h postinjection. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry (IF/IHC) staining were implemented postimaging to assess the expression of CAIX in tumor organs. In vitro, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 exhibits greater uptake in glioma cells (high CAIX expression) than in HCT116 cells (low CAIX expression). The binding affinity of [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 to U87 MG cell lines reaches up to 4.22 nM. Both orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors were clearly visualized at 2-8 h postinjection. Biodistribution studies demonstrated a maximum tumor uptake of 3.13% ID/g at 4 h postinjection, and the tumor to brain ratio (T/brain) was 6.51 at 8 h postinjection. The ROI-based T/brain values were 7.03 and 5.46 at 2 and 8 h postinjection, respectively. Histopathological analysis confirmed the overexpression of CAIX in gliomas, and the area of CAIX-positive IF staining is extremely consistent with the morphology on micro-PET imaging. In this study, [64Cu]XYIMSR-06 demonstrated specific accumulation in CAIX-expressing U87 MG glioma tumors, indicating that the radiotracer has the potential for noninvasively monitoring and guiding personalized treatment of malignant glioma and other tumors overexpressing CAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianteng Yang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034 , China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China.,Department of Orthopaedics , People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang , Guizhou 550002 , China
| | - Teli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Lei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
| | - Chaoyong Deng
- Guizhou University School of Medicine , Guiyang , Guizhou 550025 , China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou 550004 , China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine , Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute , Beijing 100142 , China
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Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Dean A, Lerchen H, Caruso M, Gasparri F, Fraietta I, Troiani S, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Dal Corso A, Gennari C. Neutrophil Elastase Promotes Linker Cleavage and Paclitaxel Release from an Integrin-Targeted Conjugate. Chemistry 2019; 25:1696-1700. [PMID: 30452790 PMCID: PMC6471013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This work takes advantage of one of the hallmarks of cancer, that is, the presence of tumor infiltrating cells of the immune system and leukocyte-secreted enzymes, to promote the activation of an anticancer drug at the tumor site. The peptidomimetic integrin ligand cyclo(DKP-RGD) was found to accumulate on the surface of αv β3 integrin-expressing human renal cell carcinoma 786-O cells. The ligand was conjugated to the anticancer drug paclitaxel through a Asn-Pro-Val (NPV) tripeptide linker, which is a substrate of neutrophil-secreted elastase. In vitro linker cleavage assays and cell antiproliferative experiments demonstrate the efficacy of this tumor-targeting conjugate, opening the way to potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Pina
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Amelia Dean
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | | | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Ivan Fraietta
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Sonia Troiani
- Nerviano Medical SciencesViale Pasteur, 10I-20014NervianoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 19I-20133MilanItaly
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Xie K, Song S, Zhou L, Wan J, Qiao Y, Wang M, Xie H, Zhou L, Zheng S, Wang H. Revival of a potent therapeutic maytansinoid agent using a strategy that combines covalent drug conjugation with sequential nanoparticle assembly. Int J Pharm 2018; 556:159-171. [PMID: 30553007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maytansine and its related analogues are a class of highly potent anti-proliferation agents that have failed to be exploited as clinical drugs for human therapy due to unacceptable systemic toxicity. Here, we delineate a novel strategy that combines rational drug conjugation with subsequent nanoparticle assembly to systemically deliver this highly potent and toxic drug. To demonstrate this concept, we covalently coupled the thiolated maytansine derivative, the DM1 agent, to amphiphilic block co-polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-block-polylactide (PLA), in varying molecular weights to generate two prodrug constructs (i.e., PEG2K-PLA2K-DM1 and PEG2K-PLA4K-DM1) via the maleimide-thiol reaction. The resulting two constructs are amenable to self-assembly in aqueous solutions and are systemically injectable for preclinical studies. In vivo evaluations indicate that PEG-PLA-DM1 conjugate-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) display substantially reduced drug toxicity compared to the free drug forms and NPs that physically encapsulate DM1. Furthermore, following systemic administration, these nanodrugs produced superior therapeutic efficacy over free DM1 in a colon tumor xenograft-bearing mouse model. Therefore, this study provides evidence that the conjugation of toxic drugs to assembling copolymers enables the alleviation of cancer drug toxicity and effective delivery of anticancer drugs. Thus, this DM1-formulated platform represents a new generation of nanotherapeutics that are available for further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Liqian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Yiting Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
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Ferrari R, Sponchioni M, Morbidelli M, Moscatelli D. Polymer nanoparticles for the intravenous delivery of anticancer drugs: the checkpoints on the road from the synthesis to clinical translation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22701-22719. [PMID: 30512025 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05933k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review article we discuss some of the key aspects concerning the development of a polymer-based nanoparticle formulation for intravenous drug delivery. Since numerous preparations fail before and during clinical trials, our aim is to emphasize the main issues that a nanocarrier has to face once injected into the body. These include biocompatibility and toxicity, drug loading and release, nanoparticle storage and stability, biodistribution, selectivity towards the target organs or tissues, internalization in cells and biodegradability. They represent the main checkpoints to define a polymer-based formulation as safe and effective. Indeed, this review is intended to provide guidelines to be followed in the early development of a new nanotherapeutic to hopefully increase the success rate of polymer-based formulations entering clinical trials. The corresponding requirements and characteristics are discussed in the context of some relevant case studies taken from the literature and mainly related to the delivery of lipophilic anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ferrari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - M Sponchioni
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. and Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - M Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - D Moscatelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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48
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López Rivas P, Ranđelović I, Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Arosio D, Tóvári J, Mező G, Dal Corso A, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Paclitaxel Conjugates Involving Linkers Cleavable by Lysosomal Enzymes and αV
β3
-Integrin Ligands for Tumor Targeting. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter st. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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49
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Figueras E, Borbély A, Ismail M, Frese M, Sewald N. Novel unit B cryptophycin analogues as payloads for targeted therapy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1281-1286. [PMID: 29977395 PMCID: PMC6009196 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are naturally occurring cytotoxins with great potential for chemotherapy. Since targeted therapy provides new perspectives for treatment of cancer, new potent analogues of cytotoxic agents containing functional groups for conjugation to homing devices are required. We describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of three new unit B cryptophycin analogues. The O-methyl group of the unit B D-tyrosine analogue was replaced by an O-(allyloxyethyl) moiety, an O-(hydroxyethyl) group, or an O-(((azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoyxethyl) substituent. While the former two maintain cytotoxicity in the subnanomolar range, the attachment of the triethylene glycol spacer with a terminal azide results in a complete loss of activity. Docking studies of the novel cryptophycin analogues to β-tubulin provided a rationale for the observed cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Figueras
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adina Borbély
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcel Frese
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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50
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Cazzamalli S, Ziffels B, Widmayer F, Murer P, Pellegrini G, Pretto F, Wulhfard S, Neri D. Enhanced Therapeutic Activity of Non-Internalizing Small-Molecule-Drug Conjugates Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Combination with Targeted Interleukin-2. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3656-3667. [PMID: 29691298 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Antibody-drug conjugates and small-molecule-drug conjugates have been proposed as alternatives to conventional anticancer cytotoxic agents, with the potential to deliver bioactive payloads to the site of disease, helping spare normal tissues.Experimental Design: Here, we describe a novel small-molecule-drug conjugate, based on a high-affinity ligand specific to carbonic anhydrase IX. The product featured a peptidic linker, suitable for cleavage in the tumor extracellular environment, and monomethyl auristatin E as cytotoxic payload.Results: A potent anticancer activity was observed in nude mice bearing SKRC-52 renal cell carcinoma xenografts, but no durable complete responses could be observed in this model. However, when the product was administered together with L19-IL2 (a clinical-stage fusion protein capable of delivering IL2 to the tumor neovasculature), all treated mice in the combination group could be rendered tumor free, in a process that favored the influx of natural killer cells into the tumor mass. The combination of L19-IL2 and the new small-molecule-drug conjugate also eradicated cancer in 100% of immunocompetent mice, bearing subcutaneously grafted CT26 colorectal cancer cells, which stably expressed carbonic anhydrase IX.Conclusions: These findings may be of clinical significance, because carbonic anhydrase IX is overexpressed in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas and in approximately 30% of colorectal cancers. The targeted delivery of IL2 helps potentiate the action of targeted cytotoxics, leading to cancer eradication in models that cannot be cured by conventional chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3656-67. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cazzamalli
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ziffels
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fontaine Widmayer
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Murer
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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