1
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Fujioka H, Yasui M, Hamada S, Fukumi K, Takeda N, Kobayashi Y, Furuta T, Ueda M. Palladium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3262-3267. [PMID: 38568183 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their utility as directing groups, the C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes utilizing hydrazones has not been explored. Herein, Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage reaction of N-cyclopropyl acylhydrazones, followed by cycloisomerization to yield pyrazoles, has been developed. The protocol enables the synthesis of various α-pyrazole carbonyl compounds, which have a potential of biological activity. Control experiments and DFT calculations suggest that β-carbon elimination of a stable 6-membered chelate palladium complex occurs, generating a conjugated azine as a reaction intermediate for the following cycloisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujioka
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Shohei Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Kohei Fukumi
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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2
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Wang N, Huang Y, Zi Y, Wang M, Huang W. P(NMe 2) 3-Mediated Regioselective N-Alkylation of 2-Pyridones via Direct Deoxygenation of α-Keto Esters. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3657-3665. [PMID: 38366991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A practical and regioselective direct N-alkylation of 2-pyridones is enabled by use of α-keto esters in the P(NMe2)3-mediated deoxygenation process. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions to produce N-alkylated 2-pyridones with high selectivity and generality, and the protocol is shown to be applicable for the scale-up synthesis, which makes it promising for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - You Zi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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3
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Takeda N, Miyashita T, Hirokawa N, Yasui M, Ueda M. P(III)-Mediated Formal Reductive N-H Bond Insertion Reaction of Hydrazones to α-Keto Esters. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:413-420. [PMID: 38684408 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c24-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A diazo-, metal-, and base-free multi-substituted hydrazone synthesis via a formal reductive N-H bond insertion reactions of hydrazones to α-keto esters has been developed. The protocol features a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, providing N-H bond insertion products in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, P(III)-mediated N-H functionalization of pharmaceutical containing hydrazone moiety was also successfully achieved.
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4
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Jeong I, Kim HE, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Relayed Heteroatom Group Transfer: A Structural Reorganization between Bisthioester and Triaminophosphine to α,α-Disulfenylamide. Org Lett 2023; 25:9076-9081. [PMID: 38079454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous multiple displacements of organic molecules can lead to a large structural reconstruction with increased complexity that would be difficult to access otherwise. Whereas double displacement such as olefin metathesis is well-established, higher-order versions remain much more challenging, because of their intrinsic thermodynamic disadvantages. Here, we describe a newly discovered relayed heteroatom group transfer process between bisthioesters and triaminophosphines as an unusual example of a formal triple displacement. Through the oxygen/nitrogen exchange between the two simple starting materials, in addition to the 1,2-sulfur migration of a putative carbene intermediate, an organized relocation of the O/S/N groups proceeded to give a variety of α,α-disulfenylamides with excellent efficiency under ambient conditions. The experimental and computational mechanistic studies revealed the sequence of the relayed group shifts via an α,α-disulfenyl phosphonium enolate intermediate as well as the dual role of triaminophosphine as both an oxygen acceptor and a nitrogen donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilju Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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5
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Takeda N, Maeda R, Yasui M, Ueda M. Synthesis of oxime ethers via a formal reductive O-H bond insertion of oximes to α-keto esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:172-175. [PMID: 38053438 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes an efficient approach to access oxime ethers via P(III)-mediated O-H bond insertion reaction of oximes with α-keto esters. The strategy involves the protonation of in situ generated Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts, followed by SN2-type reaction. Important features include a good functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and application to gram scale synthesis and the synthesis of an acaricide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Ryoya Maeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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6
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Budeev A, Dong J, Häussinger D, Sparr C. Catalyst control over pentavalent stereocentres. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8013. [PMID: 38049395 PMCID: PMC10696079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A monumental diversity of catalytic methods imparts the ability to select one of two configurations of tetravalent stereocentres. Conversely, catalyst control over pentavalent stereocentres, where a fifth moiety bound to the central atom encodes an expanded stereochemical space, remained a challenge to be accomplished. Herein, we report the feasibility of the catalytic tractability of pentavalent stereocentres. A bifunctional iminophosphorane thiourea catalyst enables enantio- and diastereocontrol over pentavalent phosphoranes to differentiate configurationally stable enantiomers and ensembles of diastereomers which emerge together from a single stereocentre. The desired dioxophosphorane stereoisomers are obtained with excellent yield and selectivity (up to 99% yield, 96:4 e.r. and 99:1 d.r.), while stereodivergent catalysis reroutes the reaction for selective access to each of the viable stereoisomeric states of pentavalent phosphoranes. Considering the diversity of high-valent main group species, it is expected that catalyst control over pentavalent stereocentres significantly increases the synthetically addressable stereochemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Budeev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Kim HE, Song M, Hwang S, Chung WJ. Access to Multifunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers Bearing up to Three Different Heteroatoms via Tandem Geminal Chlorofluorination of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38032312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of noncarbon heteroatoms into organic molecules typically instills characteristic and often valuable functionalities. The copresence of different heteroatoms can further broaden their utility through the synergistic cooperative effects, which may even lead to the discovery of formerly unavailable properties that are not just a simple accumulation of each function. However, despite increasing interest in the controllable installation of heteroatoms, it has been extremely challenging to construct carbon centers having three different heteroatoms in a synthetically useful manner. In this work, our group's tandem geminal chlorofluorination (Cl, F) strategy was applied to rationally designed heteroatom-bearing 1,2-dicarbonyl substrates, including α-keto thioesters (S), α-keto N-acylindoles (N), and α-keto acylsilane (Si), which resulted in the practical production of doubly or triply heterofunctionalized tetrasubstituted carbon centers with excellent site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mugeon Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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de Zwart FJ, Wolzak LA, Laan PCM, Mathew S, Flapper J, van den Berg KJ, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. Thermal/Blue Light Induced Cross-Linking of Acrylic Coatings with Diazo Compounds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300380. [PMID: 37595267 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The thermal curing of industrial coatings (e.g., car painting and metal coil coatings) is accompanied by a substantial energy consumption due to the intrinsically high temperatures required during the curing process. Therefore, the development of new photochemical curing processes-preferably using visible light-is in high demand. This work describes new diazo-based cross-linkers that can be used to photocure acrylic coatings using blue light. This work demonstrates that the structure of the tethered diazo compounds influences the cross-linking efficiency, finding that side reactions are suppressed upon engineering greater molecular flexibility. Importantly, this work shows that these diazo compounds can be employed as either thermal or photochemical cross-linkers, exhibiting identical crosslinking performances. The performance of diazo-cross-linked coatings is evaluated to reveal excellent water resistance and demonstrably similar material properties to UV-cured acrylates. These studies pave the way for further usage of diazo-functionalized cross-linkers in the curing of paints and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J de Zwart
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas A Wolzak
- Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes B.V., Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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9
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Huang Y, Wang N, Wu ZG, Wu X, Wang M, Huang W, Zi Y. Sequential In Situ-Formed Kukhtin-Ramirez Adduct and P(NMe 2) 3-Catalyzed O-Phosphination of α-Dicarbonyls with P(O)-H. Org Lett 2023; 25:7595-7600. [PMID: 37830918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
O-Phosphination of α-dicarbonyls via sequential in situ formation of a Kukhtin-Ramirez adduct and a P(NMe2)3-catalyzed process has been exploited for the synthesis of α-phosphoryloxy carbonyls. A range of P(O)-H derivatives, including diarylphosphine oxides, arylphosphinates, and phosphinates, are competent candidates to be introduced into the α-dicarbonyls in this transformation, and various α-phosphoryloxy carbonyls are obtained. This approach possesses advantages of mild conditions, simple operations, atom economy, high efficiency, and gram-scale synthesis, which make it promising in the synthesis toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Guang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - You Zi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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10
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Yang H, Li Y, Zhang W, Song J, Hu J, Wang M, Yao H, Xu X, Li N, Yang Y, Yu R, Xie S, Ye C, Wei G. Regioselective Hydrodeoxygenation of α-Diketones with Phosphites under Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7422-7427. [PMID: 37781988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel regioselective hydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones with phosphites as the deoxygenation reagent was realized via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility were obtained. Unsymmetric α-diketones were selectively reduced at the carbonyls of higher electrophilicity. This unique regioselectivity compared with available methods makes it a practical complementary approach for the monohydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Song
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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11
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Sar S, Ghorai P. An Intramolecular Umpolung Cascade Kukhtin-Ramirez Reaction/Michael Addition-Initiated Cyclization: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cyclopropane Fused 1-Indanones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1946-1951. [PMID: 36920108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a fascinating highly stereoselective P(NMe2)3 mediated intramolecular deoxygenative umpolung cascade Michael addition-initiated cyclopropanation with a diverse substrate adaptability. This methodology creates a new horizon for expedient access to valuable 6,5,3-fused scaffolds having an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter via Kukhtin-Ramirez (K-R) adduct formation, with excellent diastereoselectivity and yields under metal-free ambient conditions. A few functional group transformations have also been performed successfully. Additionally, an asymmetric catalytic attempt using (R)-(+)-H8-BINOL has delivered good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
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12
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Kukhtin-Ramirez-Reaction-Inspired Deprotection of Sulfamidates for the Synthesis of Amino Sugars. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010182. [PMID: 36615376 PMCID: PMC9822045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a mild strategy for deprotecting cyclic sulfamidates via the Kukhtin-Ramirez reaction to access amino sugars. The method features the removal of the sulfonic group of cyclic sulfamidates, which occurs through an N-H insertion reaction that implicates the Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts, followed by a base-promoted reductive N-S bond cleavage. The mild reaction conditions of the protocol enable the formation of amino alcohols including analogs that bear multiple functional groups.
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13
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Calcatelli A, Denton RM, Ball LT. Modular Synthesis of α,α-Diaryl α-Amino Esters via Bi(V)-Mediated Arylation/S N2-Displacement of Kukhtin–Ramirez Intermediates. Org Lett 2022; 24:8002-8007. [PMID: 36278869 PMCID: PMC9641671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a concise and modular approach to α,α-diaryl
α-amino esters from readily available α-keto esters. This
mild, one-pot protocol proceeds via ketone umpolung, with in situ formation of a Kukhtin–Ramirez intermediate
preceding sequential electrophilic arylation by Bi(V) and SN2 displacement by an amine. The methodology is compatible with a
wide range of anilines and primary amines - including derivatives
of drugs and proteinogenic amino acids - Bi(V) arylating agents, and
α-keto ester substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross M. Denton
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, 6 Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2GA, U.K
| | - Liam T. Ball
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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14
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Son Y, Hwang S, Bak S, Kim HE, Choi JH, Chung WJ. α-Fluoroamine synthesis via P(III)-mediated deoxygenative geminal fluorosulfonimidation of 1,2-diketones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3263-3267. [PMID: 35354199 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00498d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A deoxygenative geminal fluorosulfonimidation of 1,2-diketones was achieved for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted α-fluoroamines under mild conditions. In this study, a transition metal-free formal N-F insertion of N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide was enabled via the Kukhtin-Ramirez reaction employing a dealkylation-resistant P(III) reagent developed in our laboratory. Computational analysis was also performed to obtain a general mechanistic picture, which explained the reactivity and selectivity for this type of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Son
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunjoo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sujin Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Koothradan FF, Suresh Babu A, Pushpakaran KP, Jayarani A, Sivasankar C. Carboxylic Acid Functionalization Using Sulfoxonium Ylides as a Carbene Source. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10564-10575. [PMID: 35316055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of carboxylic acids using sulfoxonium ylides in the presence of [VO(acac)2] as a catalyst is reported. The usual carbene source, diazo compounds, failed to produce α-carbonyloxy esters in good yield when compared to sulfoxonium ylides. Various standard spectroscopic and analytical techniques were used to characterize the products formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Febin Koothradan
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Anusree Suresh Babu
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Krishnendu P Pushpakaran
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Arumugam Jayarani
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry 605014, India
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16
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Feixue X, Jianwei Z, Taishan Y, Jie H, Zhengjie H. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2,3-Dihydrofurans via P(NMe 2) 3- Mediated [1+4] Annulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds with α, β-Unsaturated Ketones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Zhang Z, Jing L, Li E, Duan Z. Cooperative Palladium-Catalyzed and P(NEt2)3-Mediated (4+1) Annulation of Isatins with 2-Hydroxymethylallylcarbonates. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
P(NR2)3-promoted transformations of isatins with electron-withdrawing alkenes have received consistently attention over the last decades. However, no example involving chemical transformations of nonactivated or weakly activated alkenes is discovered in...
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18
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Gulotty EM, Rodriguez KX, Parker EE, Ashfeld BL. Oxyphosphonium Enolate Equilibria in a (4+1)-Cycloaddition Approach toward Quaternary C3-Spirooxindole Assembly. Chemistry 2021; 27:10349-10355. [PMID: 33861491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and convergent (4+1)-cycloaddition strategy toward the construction of spirooxindole benzofurans that involves the intermediacy of an isatin-derived oxyphosphonium enolate is presented. Mechanistic investigations employing in situ NMR analysis of the reaction mixture revealed a correlation between phosphonium enolate structure and product distribution that was heavily influenced by the solvent and reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Gulotty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Kevin X Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Erin E Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brandon L Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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19
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Liu Y, Lu K, Wan T, Wei J, Wu J, Gong S, Xu S, He Z. P(NMe
2
)
3
‐Mediated Reductive (1+4) Annulation Reaction of
α
‐Keto Esters with Nitroalkenes: A Facile Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isoxazoline
N
‐Oxides. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Liu
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Kanghui Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 100193 P.R. China
| | - Tao Wan
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Wei
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Shangkun Gong
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Song Xu
- State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corporation Limited Research Institute Changsha 410007 P.R. China
| | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 100193 P.R. China
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20
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Combs JR, Lai YC, Van Vranken DL. Tandem Insertion/[3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Involving the Formation of Silyl Ketene Acetals by Insertion of Rhodium Carbenes into S-Si Bonds. Org Lett 2021; 23:2841-2845. [PMID: 33792331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allyl 2-diazo-2-phenylacetates are shown to react with trimethylsilyl thioethers in the presence of rhodium(II) catalysts to generate α-allyl-α-thio silyl esters. The transformation involves a tandem process involving formal rhodium-catalyzed insertion of the carbene group into the S-Si bond to generate a silyl ketene acetal, followed by a spontaneous Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. The silyl ester products were isolated as the corresponding carboxylic acids after aqueous workup. Intramolecular cyclopropanation of the allyl fragment generally competes with addition of the heteroatom to the carbene center. The reaction occurs under mild conditions and in high yield, allowing for rapid entry into rearrangement tetrasubstituted products. Propargyl esters were shown to generate the corresponding α-allenyl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Combs
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Yin-Chu Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - David L Van Vranken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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21
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Tan P, Wang H, Wang SR. Nucleophilic Migratory Cyclopropenation of Activated Alkynes: A Nonmetal Approach to Unbiased Cyclopropenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2590-2594. [PMID: 33754741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented reductive [2 + 1] annulation of α-keto esters with alkynones mediated by P(NMe2)3 is described. Although this nonmetal cyclopropenation is a nucleophilic process, attributed to the ester migration via a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of Kukhtin-Ramirez adducts and alkynones followed by a fragmentation, cyclopropenes with an unbiased alkene scaffold are formed in good to excellent yields, thus providing a promising complementarity to electrophilic metal-catalyzed cyclopropenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Tan
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sunewang R Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Lu, Shanghai 200062, China
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22
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Zhang J, Qiu Y, Zhang B, Huang Z, He Z. P(NMe2)3-Mediated Reductive Intramolecular Annulation of Benzoylformates Tethered with a Trisubstituted Alkene Unit and Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted 2H-Chromenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1880-1885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuhe Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Yang X, Wei R, Shi Y, Liu LL, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Stephan DW. Oxyphosphoranes as precursors to bridging phosphate-catecholate ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1194-1197. [PMID: 33439178 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Examples of chelating ligands that incorporate P-O donors are seldom encountered. Herein, a series of novel bridging diphosphate ligand supported bimetallic Zr(iv), V(iii) and Ni(ii) complexes have been derived from reactions of the oxyphosphorane (C6Cl4O2)P(OEt)3 with the corresponding metal halides. The mechanism is probed and shown to involve elimination of ethyl halide, and ring opening affording the chelating phosphate-catecholate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rui Wei
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaping Shi
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yile Wu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China. and Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China. and Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China. and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON M5S3H6, Canada.
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24
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Lipshultz JM, Li G, Radosevich AT. Main Group Redox Catalysis of Organopnictogens: Vertical Periodic Trends and Emerging Opportunities in Group 15. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1699-1721. [PMID: 33464903 PMCID: PMC7934640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of organopnictogen redox catalytic methods have emerged-especially within the past 10 years-that leverage the plentiful reversible two-electron redox chemistry within Group 15. The goal of this Perspective is to provide readers the context to understand the dramatic developments in organopnictogen catalysis over the past decade with an eye toward future development. An exposition of the fundamental differences in the atomic structure and bonding of the pnictogens, and thus the molecular electronic structure of organopnictogen compounds, is presented to establish the backdrop against which organopnictogen redox reactivity-and ultimately catalysis-is framed. A deep appreciation of these underlying periodic principles informs an understanding of the differing modes of organopnictogen redox catalysis and evokes the key challenges to the field moving forward. We close by addressing forward-looking directions likely to animate this area in the years to come. What new catalytic manifolds can be developed through creative catalyst and reaction design that take advantage of the intrinsic redox reactivity of the pnictogens to drive new discoveries in catalysis?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lipshultz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Ashfeld BL, Tucker ZD. (4+1)-Cycloadditions Exploiting the Biphilicity of Oxyphosphonium Enolates and RhII/PdII-Stabilized Metallocarbenes for the Construction of Five-Membered Frameworks. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract(4+1)-Cyclizations are an underutilized disconnect for the formation of five-membered heterocyclic and carbocyclic frameworks. Herein we analyze methods employing oxyphosphonium enolates and RhII/PdII-metallocarbenes as C1 synthons in the presence of several four-atom components for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans, 2,3-dihydroindoles, oxazolones, cyclopentenones, and pyrrolones.1 Introduction2 (4+1)-Cyclizations Employing Kukhtin–Ramirez-Like Reactivity3 (4+1)-Cyclizations Employing a Cyclopropanation/Ring-Expansion Sequence4 Pd-Catalyzed (4+1)-Cyclizations through Carbene Migratory Insertion/Reductive Elimination Processes5 Summary
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26
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te Grotenhuis C, Mattos JT, Radosevich AT. Addition reactions of a phosphorus triamide to nitrosoarenes and acylpyridines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1804188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colet te Grotenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jared T. Mattos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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Deng YH, Chu WD, Shang YH, Yu KY, Jia ZL, Fan CA. P(NMe2)3-Mediated Umpolung Spirocyclopropanation Reaction of p-Quinone Methides: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclopropane-Cyclohexadienones. Org Lett 2020; 22:8376-8381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, No. 1 Shida Road, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yun-Han Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Long Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
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28
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Liu R, Liu J, Cao J, Li R, Zhou R, Qiao Y, Gao WC. Chemo- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines from Aroylformates and δ-Tosylamino Enones via P(NMe2)3-Mediated Reductive Amination/Base-Catalyzed Michael Addition Cascade. Org Lett 2020; 22:6922-6926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jilei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
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29
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Choi G, Kim HE, Hwang S, Jang H, Chung WJ. Phosphorus(III)-Mediated, Tandem Deoxygenative Geminal Chlorofluorination of 1,2-Diketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:4190-4195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garam Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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30
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Zhang H, Zhou R. Recent Advances in Phosphine‐Promoted (4 + 1) Annulation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology 030024 Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology 030024 Taiyuan P. R. China
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31
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Luo X, He R, Liu Q, Gao Y, Li J, Chen X, Zhu Z, Huang Y, Li Y. Metal-Free Oxidative Esterification of Ketones and Potassium Xanthates: Selective Synthesis of α-Ketoesters and Esters. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5220-5230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Runfa He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Jingqing Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China
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32
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Zhang J, Hao J, Huang Z, Han J, He Z. PIII-Mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation and metal-free synthesis of cyclopropane-fused heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10251-10254. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The carbene-like reactivity of the Kukhtin–Ramirez adduct enables the first reductive intramolecular cyclopropanation, which provides easy access to highly functionalized cyclopropane-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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33
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Luo SQ, Liu W, Ruan BF, Fan SL, Zhu HX, Tao W, Xiao H. P(NMe2)3 mediated cyclopropanation of α-methylene-β-lactams for rapid syntheses of spirocyclopropyl β-lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4599-4603. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A P(NMe2)3-promoted cyclopropanation of a C3-substituted α-methylene-β-lactam provides a rapid and user-friendly method to obtain pharmaceutically intriguing spirocyclopropyl β-lactams under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qin Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Shi-Lu Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hui-Xia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei 230601
- China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances
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34
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Eckert KE, Lepore AJ, Ashfeld BL. A Phosphorus(III)‐Mediated (4+1)‐Cycloaddition of 1,2‐Dicarbonyls and Aza‐
o
‐Quinone Methides to Access 2,3‐Dihydroindoles. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Eckert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States
| | - Antonio J. Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States
| | - Brandon L. Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 United States
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35
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Fier PS, Kim S, Maloney KM. Reductive Cleavage of Secondary Sulfonamides: Converting Terminal Functional Groups into Versatile Synthetic Handles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18416-18420. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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36
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Tan P, Wang SR. Reductive (3 + 2) Annulation of Benzils with Pyrylium Salts: Stereoselective Access to Furyl Analogues of cis-Chalcones. Org Lett 2019; 21:6029-6033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Tan
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sunewang R. Wang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai 200241, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Lu, Shanghai 200062, China
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38
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Abstract
The hallmark of nucleophilic phosphine catalysis is the initial nucleophilic addition of a phosphine to an electrophilic starting material, producing a reactive zwitterionic intermediate, generally under mild conditions. In this Review, we classify nucleophilic phosphine catalysis reactions in terms of their electrophilic components. In the majority of cases, these electrophiles possess carbon-carbon multiple bonds: alkenes (section 2), allenes (section 3), alkynes (section 4), and Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohol derivatives (MBHADs; section 5). Within each of these sections, the reactions are compiled based on the nature of the second starting material-nucleophiles, dinucleophiles, electrophiles, and electrophile-nucleophiles. Nucleophilic phosphine catalysis reactions that occur via the initial addition to starting materials that do not possess carbon-carbon multiple bonds are collated in section 6. Although not catalytic in the phosphine, the formation of ylides through the nucleophilic addition of phosphines to carbon-carbon multiple bond-containing compounds is intimately related to the catalysis and is discussed in section 7. Finally, section 8 compiles miscellaneous topics, including annulations of the Hüisgen zwitterion, phosphine-mediated reductions, iminophosphorane organocatalysis, and catalytic variants of classical phosphine oxide-generating reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Zhanhu Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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39
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Zhou R, Zhang H, Liu J, Liu R, Gao WC, Qiao Y, Li R. Chemoselective P(NMe 2) 3-Mediated Reductive Epoxidation between Two Different Carbonyl Electrophiles: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Unsymmetrical Epoxides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8272-8280. [PMID: 29870246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a chemoselective P(NMe2)3-mediated reductive epoxidation of α-dicarbonyl compounds such as isatins, α-keto esters, and α-diketones with aldehydes and ketones, leading to an efficient synthesis of a wide range of highly functionalized unsymmetrical epoxides in moderate to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. The Kukhtin-Ramirez adduct, which is exclusively generated in situ from an α-dicarbonyl compound and P(NMe2)3, plays a key role in governing the chemoselectivity. It represents the first practical synthesis of unsymmetrical epoxides via direct reductive epoxidation of two different carbonyl electrophiles and also complements the existing methods of generating epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | - Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology , Taiyuan 030024 , P. R. China
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40
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Eckert KE, Ashfeld BL. Aroyl Isocyanates as 1,4-Dipoles in a Formal [4 + 1]-Cycloaddition Approach toward Oxazolone Construction. Org Lett 2018; 20:2315-2319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Eckert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L. Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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41
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Zhang H, Liu R, Liu J, Fan B, Li R, Qiao Y, Zhou R. Chemoselective phosphine-catalyzed cyanoacylation of α-dicarbonyl compounds: a general method for the synthesis of cyanohydrin esters with one quaternary stereocenter. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective phosphine-catalyzed cyanoacylation of α-dicarbonyl compounds with acyl cyanides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Binbin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion
- Institute of Coal Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
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42
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Liu Y, Li H, Zhou X, He Z. P(NMe2)3-Mediated Reductive (1 + 4) Annulation Reaction of Isatins with Nitroalkenes: An Access to Spirooxindolyl Isoxazoline N-Oxides and Their Corresponding Isoxazolines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10997-11007. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Liu
- The
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hengyu Li
- The
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xun Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie He
- The
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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43
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Phosphine-Mediated Sequential Annulation Reaction: Access to Functionalized Benzofurans and 4,5-Dihydrobenzofurans. Chemistry 2017; 23:7882-7886. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Zhou R, Liu R, Zhang K, Han L, Zhang H, Gao W, Li R. Metal-free formal carbon–halogen bond insertion: facile syntheses of 3-halo 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles and spirooxindole-γ-butyrolactones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6860-6863. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free carbon–heteroatom bond insertion of isatins into allylic and benzylic bromides/chlorides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Honghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
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45
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Jiang J, Liu H, Lu CD, Xu YJ. P(NMe2)3-Mediated Aziridination of Imines with α-Ketoesters for Synthesis of Aziridine-2-carboxylates. J Org Chem 2016; 82:811-818. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zones, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zones, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Chong-Dao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zones, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zones, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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46
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Rodriguez KX, Vail JD, Ashfeld BL. Phosphorus(III)-Mediated Stereoconvergent Formal [4+1]-Cycloannulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyls and o-Quinone Methides: A Multicomponent Assembly of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans. Org Lett 2016; 18:4514-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Justin D. Vail
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brandon L. Ashfeld
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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47
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Zhou R, Zhang K, Han L, Chen Y, Li R, He Z. Unusual Formal [1+4] Annulation through Tandem P(NMe2
)3
-Mediated Cyclopropanation/Base-Catalyzed Cyclopropane Rearrangement: Facile Syntheses of Cyclopentenimines and Cyclopentenones. Chemistry 2016; 22:5883-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Yusong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Taiyuan University of Technology; Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie He
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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48
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Stereochemical implications in the synthesis of 3,3′-spirocyclopropyl oxindoles from β-aryl/alkyl-substituted alkylidene oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Abstract
A commercial phosphorus-based reagent (P(NMe2)3) mediates umpolung alkylation of methyl aroylformates with benzylic and allylic bromides, leading to either Barbier-type addition or ylide-free olefination products upon workup. The reaction sequence is initiated by a two-electron redox addition of the tricoordinate phosphorus reagent with an α-keto ester compound (Kukhtin-Ramirez addition). A mechanistic rationale is offered for the chemoselectivity upon which the success of this nonmetal mediated C-C bond forming strategy is based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunewang Rixin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alexander T. Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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50
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Zhao W, Yan PK, Radosevich AT. A Phosphetane Catalyzes Deoxygenative Condensation of α-Keto Esters and Carboxylic Acids via PIII/PV═O Redox Cycling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:616-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511889y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Patrick K. Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alexander T. Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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