1
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Huang D, Liu W, Zheng Y, Feng R, Chai Z, Wei J, Zhang WX. Nonplanar Aromaticity of Dinuclear Rare-Earth Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15609-15618. [PMID: 38776637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
While the concept of metalla-aromaticity has well been extended to transition organometallic compounds in diverse geometries, aromatic rare-earth organometallic complexes are rare due to the special (n - 1)d0 configuration and high-lying (n - 1)d orbitals of rare-earth centers. In particular, nonplanar cases of rare-earth complexes have not been reported so far. Here, we disclose the nonplanar aromaticity of dinuclear scandium and samarium metallacycles characterized by various aromaticity indices (nucleus-independent chemical shift, isochemical shielding surface, anisotropy of induced current density, and isomerization stabilization energy). Bonding analyses (Kohn-Sham molecular orbital, adaptive natural density partitioning, multicenter bond indices, and principal interacting orbital) reveal that three delocalized π orbitals, predominantly contributed by the 2-butene tetraanion ligand, result in the formation of six-electron conjugated systems. Guided by these findings, we predicted that the lutetium and gadolinium analogues of dinuclear rare-earth metallacycles should be aromatic, which have been verified by the successful synthesis of real molecules. This work extends the concept of nonplanar aromaticity to the field of rare-earth metallacycles and illuminates the path for designing and synthesizing various rare-earth metalla-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajiang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengqi Chai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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2
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Sanderson HJ, Kociok-Köhn G, Hintermair U. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Magnesium Pentalenides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15983-15991. [PMID: 37712911 PMCID: PMC10548416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The first magnesium pentalenide complexes have been synthesized via deprotonative metalation of 1,3,4,6-tetraphenyldihydropentalene (Ph4PnH2) with magnesium alkyls. Both the nature of the metalating agent and the reaction solvent influenced the structure of the resulting complexes, and an equilibrium between Mg[Ph4Pn] and [nBuMg]2[Ph4Pn] was found to exist and investigated by NMR, XRD, and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques. Studies on the reactivity of Mg[Ph4Pn] with water, methyl iodide, and trimethylsilylchloride revealed that the [Ph4Pn]2- unit undergoes electrophilic addition at 1,5-positions instead of 1,4-positions known for the unsubstituted pentalenide, Pn2-, highlighting the electronic influence of the four aryl substituents on the pentalenide core. The ratio of syn/anti addition was found to be dependent on the size of the incoming electrophile, with methylation yielding a 60:40 mixture, while silylation yielded exclusively the anti-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J. Sanderson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material
and Chemical Characterisation Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Institute
for Sustainability, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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3
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Xu T, Han Y, Shen Z, Hou X, Jiang Q, Zeng W, Ng PW, Chi C. Antiaromatic Dicyclopenta[ b,g]/[ a,f]naphthalene Isomers Showing an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State with Tunable Diradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20562-20568. [PMID: 34843229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene in 1986, core-expanded s- and as-indacenes have attracted intensive interest. However, there is no reported synthesis of such type of molecules due to their high reactivity for over 30 years. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of two relatively stable, core-expanded indacene isomers, dicyclopenta[b,g]-naphthalene (5) and dicyclopenta[a,f]naphthalene (6). X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that the backbone of 5 adopts a bond-delocalized structure, while that of 6 exhibits a bond-localized character. Variable-temperature 1H NMR/ESR measurements, electronic absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations confirm that both molecules are globally antiaromatic and have an open-shell singlet ground state. However, 6 shows stronger antiaromaticity, a larger diradical character (y0 = 48%), and a smaller singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T = -0.99 kcal mol-1) compared to 5 (y0 = 30%, ΔES-T = -6.88 kcal mol-1), which can be explained by their different quinoidal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongjin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Hermann M, Böttcher T, Schorpp M, Richert S, Wassy D, Krossing I, Esser B. Cations and Anions of Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene and Reduction of a Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenophane. Chemistry 2021; 27:4964-4970. [PMID: 33443300 PMCID: PMC7986162 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) is a non-alternant conjugated hydrocarbon with antiaromatic character and ambipolar electrochemical behavior. Upon both reduction and oxidation, it becomes aromatic. We herein study the chemical oxidation and reduction of a planar DBP derivative and a bent DBP-phane. The molecular structures of its planar dication, cation radical and anion radical in the solid state demonstrate the gained aromaticity through bond length equalization, which is supported by nucleus independent chemical shift-calculations. EPR spectra on the cation radical confirm the spin delocalization over the DBP framework. A similar delocalization was not possible in the reduced bent DBP-phane, which stabilized itself by proton abstraction from a solvent molecule upon reduction. This is the first report on structures of a DBP cation radical and dication in the solid state and of a reduced bent DBP derivative. Our study provides valuable insight into the charged species of DBP for its application as semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Sabine Richert
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research CenterUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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5
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Breathing New Life into Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Zheng Y, Cao CS, Ma W, Chen T, Wu B, Yu C, Huang Z, Yin J, Hu HS, Li J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 2-Butene Tetraanion Bridged Dinuclear Samarium(III) Complexes via Sm(II)-Mediated Reduction of Electron-Rich Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10705-10714. [PMID: 32408744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While reduction reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry, it is very challenging to further reduce electron-rich compounds, especially the anionic ones. In this work, the reduction of 1,3-butadienyl dianion, the anionic conjugated olefin, has been realized by divalent rare-earth metal compounds (SmI2), resulting in the formation of novel 2-butene tetraanion bridged disamarium(III) complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal two features: (i) the single electron transfer (SET) from 4f atomic orbitals (AOs) of each Sm center to the antibonding π*-orbitals of 1,3-butadienyl dianion is feasible and the new HOMO formed by the bonding interaction between Sm 5d orbitals (AOs) and the π*-orbitals of 1,3-butadienyl dianion can accept favorably 2e- from 4f AOs of Sm(II); (ii) the 2-butene tetraanionic ligand serves as a unique 10e- donating system, in which 4e- act as two σ-donation bonding interactions while the rest 6e- as three π-donation bonding interactions. The disamarium(III) complexes represent a unique class of the bridged bis-alkylidene rare-earth organometallic complexes. The ligand-based reductive reactivity of 2-butene tetraanion bridged disamarium(III) complexes demonstrates that 2-butene tetraanionic ligand serves as a 3e- reductant toward cyclooctatetraene (COT) to provide doubly COT-supported disamarabutadiene complexes. The reaction of the disamarium(III) complexes with Cp*Li produces the doubly Cp*-coordinated Sm(III) complexes via salt metathesis. In addition, the reaction with Mo(CO)6 affords the oxycyclopentadienyl dinuclear complex via CO insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chang-Su Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Botao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhao Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Uresk A, O'Neil NJ, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Petrukhina MA. Heavy alkaline earth π-complexes with doubly-reduced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of variable sizes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Heitkemper T, Sindlinger CP. Electronic Push-Pull Modulation by Peripheral Substituents in Pentaaryl Boroles. Chemistry 2019; 25:6628-6637. [PMID: 30861220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Establishing access to a bulky tetraaryl dilithiobutadiene (Ph*C)4 Li2 (Ph*=3,5-tBu2 (C6 H3 )) allowed for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles with incorporated main-group elements. Along with an amino borole, a set of substituted pentaaryl boroles (Ph*C)4 BAr has been synthesized. The examination of their absorption spectra and computational studies by means of DFT granted insight into the influence of peripheral substituents on the electronic features of the parent pentaphenyl borole (PhC)4 BPh. Introduction of the more electron-rich Ph* residue at the carbon atoms increases the HOMO energy, redshifting the visible π/π*-absorption bands compared with the parent pentaphenyl borole. The influence on the frontier orbitals of three different boron-bound aryls with electronically modulating substituents in the remote 3,5-positions Ar=3,5-R2 -C6 H3 (R=Me, H, CF3 ) was studied. The substituents were found to increase (+I effect, Me) or decrease (-I effect, CF3 ) the LUMO energy, thus directly affecting the visible absorption spectra. This represents the first study on HOMO-LUMO-gap adjustments by a combined push-pull approach of a substituted pentaphenylborole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heitkemper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Shintani R, Kishikawa S, Nakamura K, Tsuda T, Nozaki K. Synthesis of carbonyl-bridged dibenzofulvalenes and related compounds by rhodium-catalyzed stitching reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1072-1075. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09943j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various carbonyl-bridged dibenzofulvalenes were synthesized by a sequence of rhodium-catalyzed stitching reaction and post-functionalization, and other bridged dibenzofulvalenes could also be synthesized using the present stitching reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shintani
- Division of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
| | - Shinnosuke Kishikawa
- Division of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
| | - Kimihiro Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tsuda
- Division of Chemistry
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
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10
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Boyt SM, Jenek NA, Hintermair U. Synthesis of organometallic pentalenide complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5107-5124. [PMID: 30897189 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00689c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While a number of reports have established the unique structures and electronic properties of mono- and dinuclear pentalenide complexes of s, p, d and f block elements, access to these intriguing compounds is restricted by synthetic challenges. Here we review various strategies for the synthesis, functionalisation and (trans)metalation of pentalenide complexes from a practical point of view, pointing out promising avenues for future research that may allow wider access to novel pentalenide complexes for application in many different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Boyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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11
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Yu C, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Cyclobutadiene Sandwich Complexes of Nickel and Iron from Cyclization of 1,3-Butadiene Dianions: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Saito M. Creation of Exotic π-Electron Systems by Introduction of Heavy Elements and Expansion of the Concept of Aromaticity. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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13
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Cloke FGN, Green JC, Kilpatrick AF, O'Hare D. Bonding in pentalene complexes and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Wei B, Liu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Butadienylcalcium-based Heavy Grignard Reagents and a Ca4[O] Inverse Crown Ether Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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15
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Wei B, Liu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Butadienylcalcium-based Heavy Grignard Reagents and a Ca4[O] Inverse Crown Ether Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9188-9192. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Liang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 China
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16
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Kuwabara T, Kurokawa N, Saito M. Reactions of Dilithium Dibenzopentalenides with Cr(CO) 3 (CH 3 CN) 3 : Unexpected Formation of a Cubic Tetramer of an Anionic Hydrodibenzopentalenyl Complex. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1039-1042. [PMID: 31961600 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To explore the coordination chemistry of dibenzopentalene dianion, reactions of two dilithium dibenzopentalenides having different silyl substituents with Cr(CO)3 (CH3 CN)3 were investigated. The products were unexpected anionic complexes, [Li(Et2 O)]+ [Cr(η5 -9-hydrodibenzopentalenyl)(CO)3 ]- . The proton at the 9-position is derived from Cr(CO)3 (CH3 CN)3 , as evidenced by the use of Cr(CO)3 (CD3 CN)3 . The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the chromium is coordinated by an anionic five-membered ring of the pentalene skeleton, and the lithium atom is coordinated by oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups. The complexes form a dimer or a cage-like tetramer via carbonyl-lithium interactions, depending on the bulk of the silyl groups. The cubic tetramer appears to retain its cage structure in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kurokawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Masaichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-city, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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17
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Takahashi K, Ito S, Shintani R, Nozaki K. Selective synthesis of unsymmetric dibenzo[ a, e]pentalenes by a rhodium-catalysed stitching reaction. Chem Sci 2016; 8:101-107. [PMID: 28451153 PMCID: PMC5304618 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhodium-catalysed stitching reaction between 2-(silylethynyl)arylboronates and 2-(silylethynyl)aryl bromides has been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetric dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes. The introduction of appropriately sized silyl groups on the starting substrates led to a high crossover selectivity without using an excess amount of either substrate. The present stitching reaction could produce a variety of unsymmetric dibenzo[a,e]pentalene derivatives, including those with electronically different substituents on the fused benzene rings as well as heteroarene fused compounds. Desilylative halogenation was also demonstrated to synthesise the corresponding halogenated dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes, which can be used as building blocks for further chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . ; ; ; ; Tel: +81-3-5841-7261
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . ; ; ; ; Tel: +81-3-5841-7261
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . ; ; ; ; Tel: +81-3-5841-7261
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan . ; ; ; ; Tel: +81-3-5841-7261
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18
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Li H, Feng H, Xie Y, Schaefer Iii HF. The Recently Synthesized Dimagnesiabutadiene and the Analogous Dimetalla-Beryllium, -Calcium, -Strontium, and -Barium Compounds. Chemistry 2016; 22:15019-15026. [PMID: 27594658 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The 2014 synthesis of the remarkable dimagnesium compound Mg2 [C4 (CH3 )2 (Si(CH3 )3 )2 ](C3 H7 )2 (C4 H8 O)2 may point the way to a new chapter in alkaline earth organometallic chemistry. Accordingly, we have studied the known Mg compound and the analogous Be, Ca, Sr, and Ba structures. Although most of our theoretical predictions come from density functional methods, the latter have been benchmarked using coupled cluster theory including single, double, and perturbative triplet excitations, CCSD(T) using cc-pVTZ basis sets. Among our most important predictions are the energies for dissociation to the butadiene plus the RM-MR [R=(C3 H7 )2 (C4 H8 O)2 ; M=Be, Mg, Ca, Si, and Ba] entities. The most reliable predictions for the dissociation energies are 99-104 (Be), 85-93 (Mg), 90-99 (Ca), 83-92 (Sr), and 83-94 (Ba) kcal mol-1 . Thus, there is reason to anticipate that the four unknown compounds should be achievable synthetically. The predicted metal-metal distances (not single bonds) are 2.89 Å (Mg⋅⋅⋅Mg), 3.46 Å (Ca⋅⋅⋅Ca), 3.75 Å (Sr⋅⋅⋅Sr), and 4.04 Å (Ba⋅⋅⋅Ba). The separated RM-MR compounds have longer M-M distances but genuine metal-metal single bonds. This perhaps counter intuitive result is due to the presence of the bridging carbons in the alkaline earth butadiene compounds. All five compounds incorporate metal-carbon ionic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Li
- Research Center for Advanced Computation, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Research Center for Advanced Computation, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, P. R. China
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Henry F Schaefer Iii
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
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19
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Wei B, Li H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Calcium-Mediated C–H and C–F Bond Cleavage: Synthesis of Indenes and Perfluorodibenzopentalenes from 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-butadienes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Lithium Aluminate Complexes and Alumoles from 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-Butadienes and AlEt2Cl. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10695-700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Xi Z. 1,3‐Butadienyl Dianions as Non‐Innocent Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithio Rhodacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9986-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Wen‐Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
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22
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 1,3-Butadienyl Dianions as Non-Innocent Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithio Rhodacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Li C, Liu C, Li Y, Zhu X, Wang Z. Facile synthesis of a pyrrole-fused dibenzo[a,e]pentalene and its application as a new extended, ladder-type fused aromatic system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:693-6. [PMID: 25418778 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel ladder-type pyrrole-fused dibenzo[a,e]pentalene, in which two benzo[a,e]pentalene units are held coplanar by a nitrogen bridge, is synthesized via double intermolecular Pd-catalyzed cascade crossover annulations. The introduction of a nitrogen bridge not only has a substantial influence on the optoelectronic properties but also improves the processability and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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24
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Wei B, Li H, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Reactivity of a Fluorene-Based Calcium Oxycyclopentadienide Complex. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Heng Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Wei J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Dianions as Formal Oxidants: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithionickeloles from 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-butadienes and [Ni(cod)2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5999-6002. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Wei J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Dianions as Formal Oxidants: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithionickeloles from 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-butadienes and [Ni(cod)2]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Ouyang K, Xi Z. Pd-catalyzed cyclodimerization of alkenyl and aryl dibromides: Construction of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraenes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Dai G, Chang J, Zhang W, Bai S, Huang KW, Xu J, Chi C. Dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes: synthesis, crystallographic structures and applications in organic field-effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:503-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two stable dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes were synthesized and DAP2 exhibited a high charge carrier mobility of 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to its dense packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaole Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Shiqiang Bai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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29
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Dai G, Chang J, Shi X, Zhang W, Zheng B, Huang KW, Chi C. Thienoacene-Fused Pentalenes: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties and Applications for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chemistry 2014; 21:2019-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Tobe Y. Non-Alternant Non-Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds: Past, Present, and Future. CHEM REC 2014; 15:86-96. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Sciences; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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31
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Transformation of octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene to benzonaphthopentalene by successive nucleophilic and electrophilic transannular cyclizations. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Shen J, Yuan D, Qiao Y, Shen X, Zhang Z, Zhong Y, Yi Y, Zhu X. Diaceno[a,e]pentalenes from Homoannulations of o-Alkynylaryliodides Utilizing a Unique Pd(OAc)2/n-Bu4NOAc Catalytic Combination. Org Lett 2014; 16:4924-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Shen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dafei Yuan
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbo Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuwu Zhong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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33
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Li H, Wang XY, Wei B, Xu L, Zhang WX, Pei J, Xi Z. Intramolecular C-F and C-H bond cleavage promoted by butadienyl heavy Grignard reagents. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4508. [PMID: 25047678 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organomagnesium compounds (Grignard reagents) are among the most useful organometallic reagents and have greatly accelerated the advancement of synthetic chemistry and related sciences. Nevertheless, heavy Grignard reagents based on the metals calcium, strontium or barium are not widely used, mainly due to their rather inert heavy alkaline-earth metals and extremely high reactivity of their corresponding Grignard-type reagents. Here we report the generation and reaction chemistry of butadienyl heavy Grignard reagents whose extremely high reactivity is successfully tamed. Facile synthesis of perfluoro-π-extended pentalene and naphthalene derivatives is realized by the in situ generated heavy Grignard reagents via intramolecular C-F/C-H bond cleavage. These obtained perfluorodibenzopentalene and perfluorodinaphthopentalene derivatives show low-lying LUMO levels, with one being the lowest value so far among all pentalene derivatives. Our results set an exciting example for the meaningful synthetic application of heavy Grignard reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baosheng Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- 1] Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Haidian, Beijing 100871, China [2] State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
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34
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Kuwabara T, Ishimura K, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Saito M. Facile Synthesis of Dibenzopentalene Dianions and Their Application as New π‐Extended Ligands. Chemistry 2014; 20:7571-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo‐okubo, Sakura‐ku, Saitama, 338‐8570 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48‐858‐3700
| | - Kazuya Ishimura
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Initiative, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444‐8585 (Japan)
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Masaichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo‐okubo, Sakura‐ku, Saitama, 338‐8570 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48‐858‐3700
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35
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Wei J, Liu L, Zhan M, Xu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Magnesiacyclopentadienes as Alkaline-Earth Metallacyclopentadienes: Facile Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Synthetic Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5634-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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36
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Wei J, Liu L, Zhan M, Xu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Magnesiacyclopentadienes as Alkaline-Earth Metallacyclopentadienes: Facile Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Synthetic Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Chen C, Harhausen M, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S, Fröhlich R, Daniliuc CG, Petersen JL, Kehr G, Erker G. The B(C6F5)3 boron Lewis acid route to arene-annulated pentalenes. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1671-81. [PMID: 24683018 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
4,5-Dimethyl-1,2-bis(1-naphthylethynyl)benzene (12) undergoes a rapid multiple ring-closure reaction upon treatment with the strong boron Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 to yield the multiply annulated, planar conjugated π-system 13 (50 % yield). In the course of this reaction, a C6F5 group was transferred from boron to carbon. Treatment of 12 with CH3B(C6F5)2 proceeded similarly, giving a mixture of 13 (C6F5-transfer) and the product 15, which was formed by CH3-group transfer. 1,2-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (8 a) reacts similarly with CH3B(C6F5)2 to yield a mixture of the respective C6F5- and CH3-substituted dibenzopentalenes 10 a and 16. The reaction is thought to proceed through zwitterionic intermediates that exhibit vinyl cation reactivities. Some B(C6F5)3-substituted species (26, 27) consequently formed by in situ deprotonation upon treatment of the respective 1,2-bis(alkynyl)benzene starting materials (24, 8) with the frustrated Lewis pair B(C6F5)3/P(o-tolyl)3. The overall formation of the C6F5-substituted products formally require HB(C6F5)2 cleavage in an intermediate dehydroboration step. This was confirmed in the reaction of a thienylethynyl-containing starting material 21 with B(C6F5)3, which gave the respective annulated pentalene product 23 that had the HB(C6F5)2 moiety 1,4-added to its thiophene ring. Compounds 12-14, 23, and 26 were characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Organisch Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
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38
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Zhang WX, Xi Z. Organometallic intermediate-based organic synthesis: organo-di-lithio reagents and beyond. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal-mediated organic reactions have become one of the great frontiers of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871, China
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39
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London G, von Wantoch Rekowski M, Dumele O, Schweizer WB, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Diederich F. Pentalenes with novel topologies: exploiting the cascade carbopalladation reaction between alkynes and gem-dibromoolefins. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Hopf H. Pentalenes--from highly reactive antiaromatics to substrates for material science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12224-6. [PMID: 24127399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimatter: Once studied primarily for their antiaromatic properties, pentalenes are rapidly becoming important π-systems for novel electronic materials. Recent developments in this area are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany).
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Hopf H. Pentalene - von hochreaktiven Antiaromaten zu Ausgangsmaterialien für die Materialwissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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