1
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Bai Y, Ouyang F, Chen R, Jiang X, Liang Z, Yu W, Yu G, Chen YH, Wei B. Access to Valuable Chalcogen-Containing Biaryl Derivatives via Regioselective 2,2'-Dichalcogenation of 2-Bromobiaryls. Org Lett 2024; 26:6748-6753. [PMID: 39077872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The regioselective installation of chalcogen atoms into biaryl scaffolds is an important synthetic task due to the great value of chalcogen-containing biaryl derivatives in many fields. Here we undertake this task by developing a regioselective 2,2'-dichalcogenation of 2-bromobiaryls with common chalcogen sources using an organolanthanum-mediated one-pot, two-step protocol. This strategy features high regioselectivity, readily available substrates, transition-metal-free conditions, and performance superior to those of previous methods, thereby demonstrating the unique advantages of organolanthanum reagents in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ouyang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoming Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guipeng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Baosheng Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lee SH, Valverde Paredes MS, Forster PM, Lee DC. Side group dependent room temperature crystallization-induced phosphorescence of benzil based all organic phosphors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6285-6291. [PMID: 38375013 PMCID: PMC10875412 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report alkoxy substituted benzil based all organic room temperature phosphors which showed crystallization induced phosphorescence (CIP). Nine title compounds were prepared with various alkyl lengths (OCnH2n+1: n = 8-16) and the effect of alkyl side group length on the phosphorescence performance was investigated, as compared to p-anisil. It was found that both phosphorescence quantum yield and lifetime increased concomitantly as the alkyl length increased up to nonyloxy (BZL-OC9). Further increase in the carbon number caused the phosphorescence performance to deteriorate due to greater conformational freedom of the side groups. An incredible quantum yield of 70% was achieved for BZL-OC9. A promising finding is that the increased quantum yield was accompanied by the increase in the lifetime relative to p-anisil, which has been historically challenging. Single crystallography coupled with UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that a higher level of intermolecular π-π interactions was observed from p-anisil while more alkyl interactions with less intermolecular π-orbital overlap were found for BZL-OC8. As a result, molecular rigidification with less phosphorescence quenching was achieved for BZL-OC8 leading to enhanced performance. A precipitation study on a dichloromethane solution as a function of the content of MeOH (poor solvent) proved that the emission of the BZL-OCn system is truly aggregation-induced. The current work demonstrates that strategic side group engineering could be a promising approach to developing high-performance all organic phosphors as well as improving the properties of existing phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Marco S Valverde Paredes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Paul M Forster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Dong-Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
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3
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Yu FH, Jin R, Chang X, Li K, Cui G, Chen Y. Long-Persistent Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Host-Guest System Regulated by the Multiple Roles of a Gold(I)-Carbene Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312927. [PMID: 37776073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of intersystem crossing (ISC) is critical for achieving a high-efficiency long-persistent luminescence (LPL) from organic materials. However, the use of a transition-metal complex for LPL materials has not been explored because it can also shorten the emission lifetime by accelerating the phosphorescence decay. Here, we report a new class of LPL materials by doping a monovalent Au-carbene complex into a boron-embedded molecular host. The donor-acceptor systems exhibit photoluminescence with both high efficiencies (>57 %) and long lifetimes (ca. 40 ms) at room temperature. It is revealed that the Au atom promotes the population of low-lying triplet excited states of the host aggregate (T1 *) which can be converted into the charge-transfer (CT) state, thereby resulting in afterglow luminescence. Moreover, the use of a chirality unit on the guest molecule results in the LPL being circularly polarized. This work illustrates that transition-metal complexes can be used for developing organic afterglow systems by exquisite control over the excited state mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Hu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials &, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
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4
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Masilamani G, Krishna GR, Debnath S, Bedi A. Origin of Optoelectronic Contradictions in 3,4-Cycloalkyl[ c]-chalcogenophenes: A Computational Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4240. [PMID: 37959920 PMCID: PMC10650045 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The planar morphology of the backbone significantly contributes to the subtle optoelectronic features of π-conjugated polymers. On the other hand, the atomistic tuning of an otherwise identical π-backbone could also impact optoelectronic properties systematically. In this manuscript, we compare a series of 3,4-cycloalkylchalcogenophenes by tuning them atomistically using group-16 elements. Additionally, the effect of systematically extending these building blocks in the form of oligomers and polymers is studied. The size of the 3,4-substitution affected the morphology of the oligomers. In addition, the heteroatoms contributed to a further alteration in their geometry and resultant optoelectronic properties. The chalcogenophenes, containing smaller 3,4-cycloalkanes, resulted in lower bandgap oligomers or polymers compared to those with larger 3,4-cycloalkanes. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) calculations were performed to understand the disparity alongside the contour maps of frontier molecular orbitals (FMO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Masilamani
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR—National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sashi Debnath
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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5
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Matuszewska O, Battisti T, Ferreira RR, Biot N, Demitri N, Mézière C, Allain M, Sallé M, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E, Fresta E, Costa RD, Bonifazi D. Tweaking the Optoelectronic Properties of S-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Chemical Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203115. [PMID: 36333273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene, an S-doped analog of peri-xanthenoxanthene, is used as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffold to tune the molecular semiconductor properties by editing the oxidation state of the S-atoms. Chemical oxidation of peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene with H2 O2 led to the relevant sulfoxide and sulfone congeners, whereas electrooxidation gave access to sulfonium-type derivatives forming crystalline mixed valence (MV) complexes. These complexes depicted peculiar molecular and solid-state arrangements with face-to-face π-π stacking organization. Photophysical studies showed a widening of the optical bandgap upon progressive oxidation of the S-atoms, with the bis-sulfone derivative displaying the largest value (E00 =2.99 eV). While peri-thiaxanthenothiaxanthene showed reversible oxidation properties, the sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives mainly showed reductive events, corroborating their n-type properties. Electric measurements of single crystals of the MV complexes exhibited a semiconducting behavior with a remarkably high conductivity at room temperature (10-1 -10-2 S cm-1 and 10-2 -10-3 S cm-1 for the O and S derivatives, respectively), one of the highest reported so far. Finally, the electroluminescence properties of the complexes were tested in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), obtaining the first S-doped mid-emitting PAH-based LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Matuszewska
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tommaso Battisti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ruben R Ferreira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Biot
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cécile Mézière
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- MOLTECH-Anjou-UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Technical University Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Romito D, Fresta E, Cavinato LM, Kählig H, Amenitsch H, Caputo L, Chen Y, Samorì P, Charlier J, Costa RD, Bonifazi D. Supramolecular Chalcogen‐Bonded Semiconducting Nanoribbons at Work in Lighting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202137. [PMID: 35274798 PMCID: PMC9544418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the design and synthesis of a π‐conjugated telluro[3,2‐β][1]‐tellurophene‐based synthon that, embodying pyridyl and haloaryl chalcogen‐bonding acceptors, self‐assembles into nanoribbons through chalcogen bonds. The ribbons π‐stack in a multi‐layered architecture both in single crystals and thin films. Theoretical studies of the electronic states of chalcogen‐bonded material showed the presence of a local charge density between Te and N atoms. OTFT‐based charge transport measurements showed hole‐transport properties for this material. Its integration as a p‐type semiconductor in multi‐layered CuI‐based light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) led to a 10‐fold increase in stability (38 h vs. 3 h) compared to single‐layered devices. Finally, using the reference tellurotellurophene congener bearing a C−H group instead of the pyridyl N atom, a herringbone solid‐state assembly is formed without charge transport features, resulting in LECs with poor stabilities (<1 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Romito
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Luca M. Cavinato
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Stremayergasse 9/V 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Laura Caputo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Chemin des étoiles 8 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Chemin des étoiles 8 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Rubén D. Costa
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna Austria
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7
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Photo-thermo-induced room-temperature phosphorescence through solid-state molecular motion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3887. [PMID: 35794103 PMCID: PMC9259671 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of smart-responsive materials, in particular those with non-invasive, rapid responsive phosphorescence, is highly desirable but has rarely been described. Herein, we designed and prepared a series of molecular rotors containing a triazine core and three bromobiphenyl units: o-Br-TRZ, m-Br-TRZ, and p-Br-TRZ. The bromine and triazine moieties serve as room temperature phosphorescence-active units, and the bromobiphenyl units serve as rotors to drive intramolecular rotation. When irradiated with strong ultraviolet photoirradiation, intramolecular rotations of o-Br-TRZ, m-Br-TRZ, and p-Br-TRZ increase, successively resulting in a photothermal effect via molecular motions. Impressively, the photothermal temperature attained by p-Br-TRZ is as high as 102 °C, and synchronously triggers its phosphorescence due to the ordered molecular arrangement after molecular motion. The thermal effect is expected to be important for triggering efficient phosphorescence, and the photon input for providing a precise and non-invasive stimulus. Such sequential photo-thermo-phosphorescence conversion is anticipated to unlock a new stimulus-responsive phosphorescence material without chemicals invasion. The development of non-invasive, rapid responsive phosphorescence is highly desirable but has rarely been described. Herein, the authors designed and prepare a series of molecular rotors containing a room temperature phosphorescence active triazine core and three bromobiphenyl units acting as rotors and demonstrate light stimulus triggered phosphorescence.
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8
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Mahato S, Nandy S, Das KK, Panda S. Zirconium Promoted Synthetic Transformations of Organoboron Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Mahato
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur chemistry INDIA
| | - Soumilee Nandy
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur chemistry INDIA
| | - Kanak Kanti Das
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur chemistry INDIA
| | - Santanu Panda
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Department of Chemistry Chemistry IIT Kharagpur, Organic chemistry building, OC-207Near Rubber technology department 721302 Kharagpur INDIA
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9
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Gowda AS, Lee TS, Rosko MC, Petersen JL, Castellano FN, Milsmann C. Long-Lived Photoluminescence of Molecular Group 14 Compounds through Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7338-7348. [PMID: 35507416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent molecules exploiting the sizable spin-orbit coupling constants of main group metals and metalloids to access long-lived triplet excited states are relatively rare compared to phosphorescent transition metal complexes. Here we report the synthesis of three air- and moisture-stable group 14 compounds E(MePDPPh)2, where E = Si, Ge, or Sn and [MePDPPh]2- is the doubly deprotonated form of 2,6-bis(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine. In solution, all three molecules exhibit exceptionally long-lived triplet excited states with lifetimes in the millisecond range and show highly efficient photoluminescence (Φ ≤ 0.49) due to competing prompt fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence at and around room temperature. Temperature-dependent steady-state emission spectra and photoluminescent lifetime measurements provided conclusive evidence for the two distinct emission pathways. Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy allowed further analysis of the intersystem crossing (ISC) between singlet and triplet manifolds (τISC = 0.25-3.1 ns) and confirmed the expected trend of increased ISC rates for the heavier elements in otherwise isostructural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha S Gowda
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael C Rosko
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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10
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Zha J, Wang Z, Liu B, Tan Q, Xu B. Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanide, Ditelluride, and Mn(III) Carboxylate: Synthesis of N-Acyl Tellurocarbamate. Org Lett 2022; 24:2863-2867. [PMID: 35420436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent reaction of isocyanides, ditellurides and manganese(III) carboxylates under mild reaction conditions leads to the synthesis of various N-acyl tellurocarbamates. This method demonstrates good functional tolerance and broad substrate scope and, as a result, is especially suitable for the postfunctionalization of complicated molecules such as drugs. The given method can be further extended to the synthesis of selenocarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zha
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Xu J, Zhang Q, Gao L, Wang Z, Qu L, Wang K, Li Y, Cai Z, Zhao Y, Yang C. Cross-Linked Polyphosphazene Nanospheres Boosting Long-Lived Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6107-6117. [PMID: 35316063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has sparked intense explorations, owing to the outstanding optical performance and exceptional applications. Because triplet excitons in organic RTP experience multifarious relaxation processes resulting from their high sensitivity, spin multiplicity, inevitable nonradiative decay, and external quenchers, boosting RTP performance by the modulated triplet-exciton behavior is challenging. Herein, we report that cross-linked polyphosphazene nanospheres can effectively promote long-lived organic RTP. Through molecular engineering, multiple carbonyl groups (C═O), heteroatoms (N and P), and heavy atoms (Cl) are introduced into the polyphosphazene nanospheres, largely strengthening the spin-orbit coupling constant by recalibrating the electronic configurations between singlet (Sn) and triplet (Tn) excitons. In order to further suppress nonradiative decay and avoid quenching under ambient conditions, polyphosphazene nanospheres are encapsulated with poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, thus synchronously prompting phosphorescence lifetime (173 ms longer), phosphorescence efficiency (∼12-fold higher), afterglow duration time (more than 20 s), and afterglow absolute luminance (∼19-fold higher) as compared with the 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene precursor. By measuring the emission intensity of the phosphorescence, an effective probe based on the nanospheres is developed for visible, quantitative, and expeditious detection of volatile organic compounds. More significantly, the obtained films show high selectivity and robustness for anisole detection (7.1 × 10-4 mol L-1). This work not only demonstrates a way toward boosting the efficiency of RTP materials but also provides a new avenue to apply RTP materials in feasible detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Qinglun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Lunjun Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Kaiti Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Youbing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Divisions of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Chaolong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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12
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Romito D, Fresta E, Cavinato LM, Kählig H, Amenitsch H, Caputo L, Chen Y, Samorì P, Charlier JC, Costa R, Bonifazi D. Supramolecular Chalcogen‐Bonded Semiconducting Nanoribbons at work in Lighting Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Romito
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Organic Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Elisa Fresta
- Technical University Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Luca Maria Cavinato
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Organic Chemistry Währinger Straße 38 1090 vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Stremayergasse 9/V 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Laura Caputo
- UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles: Universite Saint-Louis - Bruxelles Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Chemin des étoiles 8 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Universite de Strasbourg CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Universite de Strasbourg CNRS, ISIS 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg FRANCE
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- UCLouvain Saint-Louis Bruxelles: Universite Saint-Louis - Bruxelles Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Chemin des étoiles 8 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve BELGIUM
| | - Rubén Costa
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials Schulgasse 22 94315 Straubing GERMANY
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry: Universitat Wien Fakultat fur Chemie Institute of Organic Chemistry Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yue L, Wang Y, Cui S, Zhang H, Xue S, Yang W. Room Temperature Phosphorescent (RTP) Thermoplastic Elastomers with Dual and Variable RTP Emission, Photo-Patterning Memory Effect, and Dynamic Deformation RTP Response. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103402. [PMID: 34951140 PMCID: PMC8844475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) polymers have advantages of strength, toughness, and processing and application flexibility over organic small molecular crystals, but the current RTP polymers are all from rigid plastics and involve chemical linkage and hydrogen and ionic bonds, and thermoplastic RTP elastomer has not been attempted and realized. Moreover, solution-processed films by simply mixing polymers and organic RTP materials can only show weak and single blue RTP. Here it is presented that such elastomer films, once thermomechanically plasticized, can emit bright and long-lived dual RTP. Moreover, they exhibit photo-activation memory effect, variable RTP colors and dynamic deformation RTP response. These results reveal that thermoplasticizing has altered the dispersion states and micro-environment of RTP molecules in matrix, and the cohesion of elastic polymer itself can also greatly restrict non-radiative relaxations to boost both blue mono-molecular and yellow micro-crystalline RTP. This work provides an effective and versatile processing strategy for tuning and enhancing the RTP properties of doped RTP polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Qikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Lingtai Yue
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Yaguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Shanfeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science & EngineeringQingdao University of Science &TechnologyQingdaoChina
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14
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Paixão DB, Soares EGO, Salles HD, Silva CDG, Rampon DS, Schneider PH. Rongalite in PEG-400 as a general and reusable system for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01069k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the use of rongalite in PEG-400 as a general, efficient, and environmentally benign reductive system for the synthesis of a wide range of 2,5-disubstituted chalcogenophenes from elemental sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Paixão
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G. O. Soares
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena D. Salles
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caren D. G. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Rampon
- Laboratório de Polímeros e Catálise (LAPOCA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), P.O. Box 19061, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Schneider
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P.O. Box 15003, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Heavy main group element containing organometallic phosphorescent materials. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Watson IC, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Zinc-Mediated Transmetalation as a Route to Anionic N-Heterocyclic Olefin Complexes in the p-Block. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18347-18359. [PMID: 34738790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic N-heterocyclic olefins (aNHOs) are suited well for the stabilization of low-coordinate inorganic complexes, due to their steric tunability and strong σ- and π-electron donating abilities. In this study, the new two-coordinate zinc complex (MeIPrCH)2Zn (MeIPrCH = [(MeCNDipp)2C═CH]-, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) is shown to participate in a broad range of metathesis reactions with main group element-based halides and hydrides. In the case of the group 14 halides, Cl2E·dioxane (E = Ge and Sn), transmetalation occurs to form dinuclear propellane-shaped cations, [(MeIPrCHE)2(μ-Cl)]+, while the aNHO-capped phosphine ligand MeIPrCH-PPh2 is obtained when (MeIPrCH)2Zn is combined with ClPPh2. Lastly, ZnH2 elimination drives transmetalation between (MeIPrCH)2Zn and hydroboranes and hydroalumanes, leading to Lewis acidic aNHO-supported -boryl and -alane products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
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17
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Biswas S, Manna G, Das B, Bhattacharya A, Pal AK, Datta A, Alam P, Laskar IR, Mondal P, Mukhopadhyay MK, Sanyal MK, Acharya S. Origin of Intense Luminescence from Supramolecular 2D Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103212. [PMID: 34622549 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence enhancement in 2D molecular crystals (2D crystals) is promising for a variety of optical applications, yet the availability is limited because of unclear mechanism and inefficient design strategy of luminescence control. Herein, the room temperature phosphorescence from micron long molecular thin free-standing 2D crystals of a mono-cyclometalated Ir(III) complex designed at the water surface is reported. A large luminescence enhancement is observed from the 2D crystals at 300 K, which is comparable with the rigidified solution at 77 K suggesting room temperature phosphorescence origin of the luminescence. In situ synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements determine the constituent centered rectangular unit cells with precise molecular conformation that promotes the formation of 2D crystals. The molecular crystal design leads to a reduced singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ) and mixing of singlet-triplet states by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) for efficient intersystem crossing, which explains the phosphorescence origin at room temperature and luminescence enhancement. The supramolecular assembly process provides an elegant design strategy to realize room temperature phosphorescence from 2D crystals by rigid intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Biswas
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Gouranga Manna
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Bidisa Das
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Technical Research Center (TRC), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Arpan Bhattacharya
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Parvej Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Inamur Rahaman Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Pramita Mondal
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Milan K Sanyal
- Surface Physics and Materials Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Technical Research Center (TRC), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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18
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Farias G, Salla CAM, Aydemir M, Sturm L, Dechambenoit P, Durola F, de Souza B, Bock H, Monkman AP, Bechtold IH. Halogenation of a twisted non-polar π-system as a tool to modulate phosphorescence at room temperature. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15116-15127. [PMID: 34909153 PMCID: PMC8612374 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04936d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenation of a twisted three-fold symmetric hydrocarbon with F, Cl or Br leads to strong modulation of triplet-triplet annihilation and dual phosphorescence, one thermally activated and the other very persistent and visible by eye, with different relative contributions depending on the halide. The room temperature phosphorescence is highly unusual given the absence of lone-pair-contributing heteroatoms. The interplay between the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements and the spatial configuration of the triplet state induces efficient intersystem crossing and thus room temperature phosphorescence even without relying on heteroatomic electron lone pairs. A ninefold increase of the ISC rate after introduction of three bromine atoms is accompanied by a much higher 34-fold increase of phosphorescence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giliandro Farias
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Cristian A M Salla
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Murat Aydemir
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
- Erzurum Technical University, Department of Fundamental Sciences Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ludmilla Sturm
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Pierre Dechambenoit
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Bernardo de Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux 115, av. Schweitzer 33600 Pessac France
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Ivan H Bechtold
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
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19
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Iwasawa N, Ono K. 3D-Boronic Ester Architectures: Synthesis, Host-Guest Chemistry, Dynamic Behavior, and Supramolecular Catalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100214. [PMID: 34596949 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Boronic esters are known to be formed simply by mixing boronic acids and alcohols under neutral conditions, and the equilibrium is in favor of the boronic esters when 1,2- or 1,3-diols are employed as alcohols. By utilizing the dynamic nature of the boronic ester formation, our group successfully constructed unique boron-containing 3D structures, such as ring-shaped macrocycles, cages, and tubes, based on the boronic ester formation of various aromatic di-, tri-, or hexaboronic acids with an originally designed tetrol 1 containing two sets of fixed 1,2-diol units oriented on the same face of an indacene framework. Various functions of the obtained boronates were further pursued to disclose the characteristic features of this system. This personal account describes our self-assembled boronate system using tetrol 1 including synthesis, host-guest chemistry, kinetic connection, characteristic dynamic behaviors, and supramolecular catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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20
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Fritze L, Fest M, Helbig A, Bischof T, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Helten H. Boron-Doped α-Oligo- and Polyfurans: Highly Luminescent Hybrid Materials, Color-Tunable through the Doping Density. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischof
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Gao H, Gao Z, Jiao D, Zhang J, Li X, Tang Q, Shi Y, Ding D. Boosting Room Temperature Phosphorescence Performance by Alkyl Modification for Intravital Orthotopic Lung Tumor Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005449. [PMID: 33599120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in various applications, particularly in bioimaging. However, it is still a challenge to manufacture organic RTP materials possessing quite high efficiency and long lifetime, owing to the high requirements for triplet excitons. In this study, a series of keto derivatives with efficient RTP in crystals are developed through the regulation of molecular aggregation states by simple alkyl groups, resulting in impressive luminescence performance with a longer lifetime and higher efficiency of up to 868 ms and 51.59%, respectively. All the alkyl-substituted derivatives exhibit bright RTP intensities after heavy grinding with a pestle, indicating their robust RTP features, which are suitable for many fields. Encouraged by the excellent RTP performance of these luminogens in the crystalline state, successful orthotopic lung tumor imaging with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 65 is demonstrated in this study to provide the promise of pure organic RTP materials for disease diagnosis, which hold the advantages of low autofluorescence interference and high signal-to-background ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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22
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Hoffmann J, Ramirez Y Medina IM, Hissler M, Staubitz A. The influence of the formal replacement of thiophenes by stannoles in terthiophene and sexithiophene on the optoelectronic properties and electrochemical behavior. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6213-6221. [PMID: 33871519 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polystannoles with thienyl co-monomers are in many ways similar to polythiophenes, but they display much reduced band gaps. However, their polymerization processes are not well researched. Thiophene can be oxidatively electropolymerized, but as stannoles are organometallic, the fundamental question arises whether their inclusion in a conjugated backbone can protect them sufficiently to be able to perform an oxidative electropolymerization. As well-defined oligothiophenes can be used as models to understand the optical and electronic properties of polythiophenes, we transposed this concept on stannole containing polymers; therefore we synthesized a monomeric 1 and dimeric thiophene-flanked stannole 2 and investigated their optoelectronic properties comparatively including polystannoles and the corresponding oligothiophenes in our analysis. With respect to monomer 1, a significantly redshifted absorption (λmax = 510 nm, Δ = 93 nm) and a small optical band gap (Eg,opt(2) = 2.13 eV), close to the bandgap of polymeric stannoles, was observed. In comparison to oligothiophenes, these thienyl-flanked stannoles exhibited a redshift in absorption and emission as well as a lower oxidation potential. Despite these differences, they showed an oligothiophene-like electrochemical behavior. Stannole 1 and the dimer 2 were subjected to an electropolymerization process. This process was investigated in detail by spectroelectrochemical methods which showed that radical cation species were formed in situ but readily decomposed. Nevertheless, under the milder multiscan cyclovoltammetric conditions, electropolymerization occurred as shown by cyclovoltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hoffmann
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. and University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany and CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 3500 Rennes, France.
| | - Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. and University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Anne Staubitz
- University of Bremen, Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. and University of Bremen, MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, Bibliothekstraße 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
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23
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Zheng H, Cao P, Wang Y, Lu X, Wu P. Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Boric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9500-9506. [PMID: 33594791 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, phosphors with long-lived emission are dominated by rare earth/transition metal ion-doped sulfides and oxides. Recently, organic materials capable of emitting long-lived room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are reported, carbon skeletons are almost the exclusive structural feature of the conjugated luminophores. Herein, we reported that boric acid, a non-metal and C-free material, could emit RTP with lifetime up to 0.3 s. Detailed investigations indicated the weak conjugation between the n electrons of the O atoms in the B-O confined space was the possible origin of RTP. Similar RTP was also found in electron-rich N/F systems, namely, BN and BF3 (BF4 - ). Importantly, the vacant p z 0 orbital of B was found to contribute to the relevant unoccupied molecular orbitals involved in excitation, which is different from previous reports on phosphorescence from arylboronic acids. The results confirm the unique role of B as a versatile structure motif for construction of new RTP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Peisheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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24
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Ramirez Y Medina IM, Rohdenburg M, Rusch P, Duvinage D, Bigall NC, Staubitz A. π-Conjugated stannole copolymers synthesised by a tin-selective Stille cross-coupling reaction. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2021; 2:3282-3293. [PMID: 34124683 PMCID: PMC8142672 DOI: 10.1039/d1ma00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four well-defined conjugated polymers TStTT1-4 containing unusual heterocycle units in the main chain, namely stannole units as building blocks, is reported. The stannole-thiophenyl copolymers were generated by tin-selective Stille coupling reactions in nearly quantitative yields of 94% to 98%. NMR data show that the tin atoms in the rings remain unaffected. Weight-average molecular weights (M w) were high (4900-10 900 Da and 9600-21 900 Da); and molecular weight distributions (M w/M n) were between 1.9 and 2.3. The new materials are strongly absorbing and appear blue-black to purple-black. All iodothiophenyl-stannole monomers St1-4 and the resulting bisthiophenyl-stannole copolymers TStTT1-4 were investigated with respect to their optoelectronic properties. The absorption maxima of the polymers are strongly bathochromically shifted compared to their monomers by about 76 nm to 126 nm in chloroform. Density functional theory calculations support our experimental results of the single stannoles St1-4 showing small HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of 3.17-3.24 eV. The optical band gaps of the polymers are much more decreased and were determined to be only 1.61-1.79 eV. Furthermore, both the molecular structures of stannoles St2 and St3 from single crystal X-ray analyses and the results of the geometry optimisation by DFT confirm the high planarity of the molecules backbone leading to efficient conjugation within the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel-Maria Ramirez Y Medina
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Markus Rohdenburg
- University of Bremen, Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry Leobener Str. 5 28359 Bremen Germany
- University of Leipzig, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Linnéstr. 2 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Anne Staubitz
- Institute for Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Bremen Leobener Str. 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstr. 1 28359 Bremen Germany
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25
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Zheng H, Cao P, Wang Y, Lu X, Wu P. Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Boric Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Peisheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yanying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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26
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Braun CA, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Tellura(benzo)bithiophenes: Synthesis, Oligomerization, and Phosphorescence. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2672-2679. [PMID: 33481578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of planar π-extended Te-containing heteroacenes, termed tellura(benzo)bithiophenes, were synthesized. This new structural class of heterocycle features a tellurophene ring fused to a benzobithiophene unit with aromatic side groups (either -C6H4iPr or -C6H4OCH3) positioned at the 2- and 5-positions of the tellurophene moiety. Although attempts to enhance molecular rigidity and extend ring-framework π-delocalization in a cumenyl (-C6H4iPr)-capped tellura(benzo)bithiophene led to oxidation (and Te-C bond scission) to form a diene-one, the formation of an oligomeric tellura(benzo)bithiophene was possible via Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP). Furthermore, one tellura(benzo)bithiophene derivative exhibits orange-red phosphorescence at room temperature in air when incorporated into a poly(methyl methacrylate) host; accompanying TD-DFT computations provided insight into a potential mechanism for the observed phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Braun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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27
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Barát V, Stuparu MC. Corannulene Chalcogenides. Chem Asian J 2020; 16:20-29. [PMID: 33085173 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of chalcogen atoms into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure is an established method to tune material properties. In the context of corannulene (C20 H10 ), a fragment of fullerene C60 , such structural adjustments have given rise to an emerging class of functional and responsive molecular materials. In this minireview, our aim is to discuss the synthesis and properties of such chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) derivatives of corannulene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Turley AT, Wang L, McGonigal PR, Tu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001457. [PMID: 32734656 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular science entails the study of structures and properties of materials at the level of single molecules or small interacting complexes of molecules. Moving beyond single molecules and well-defined complexes, aggregates (i.e., irregular clusters of many molecules) serve as a particularly useful form of materials that often display modified or wholly new properties compared to their molecular components. Some unique structures and phenomena such as polymorphic aggregates, aggregation-induced symmetry breaking, and cluster excitons are only identified in aggregates, as a few examples of their exotic features. Here, by virtue of the flourishing research on aggregation-induced emission, the concept of "aggregate science" is put forward to fill the gaps between molecules and aggregates. Structures and properties on the aggregate scale are also systematically summarized. The structure-property relationships established for aggregates are expected to contribute to new materials and technological development. Ultimately, aggregate science may become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform for academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Yujie Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Tianhe Qu, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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29
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Irfan M, Rehman R, Razali MR, Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Ateeq-Ur-Rehman, Iqbal MA. Organotellurium compounds: an overview of synthetic methodologies. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In wake of emerging applications of organotellurium compounds in biological and material science avenues, the current review describes their key synthetic methodologies while focusing the synthesis of organotellurium compounds through five ligand-to-metal linkages including carbon; carbon-oxygen; carbon-nitrogen; carbon-metal; carbon-sulfur to tellurium. In all of these linkages whether tellurium links with ligands through a complicated or simple pathways, it is often governed through electrophilic substitution reactions. The present study encompasses these major synthetic routes so as to acquire comprehensive understanding of synthetic organotellurium compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , Lahore - 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800-USM , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Physics , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad - 38040 , Pakistan
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30
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Li J, Wu P, Jiang W, Li B, Wang B, Zhu H, Roesky HW. An Unusual and Facile Synthetic Route to Alumoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10027-10031. [PMID: 32160361 PMCID: PMC7318123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of the aluminum dialkynyl LAl(CCR)2 (L=N,N‐chelate ligand and R=organic group) with B(C6F5)3 proceeds through an intermediate with Al⋅⋅⋅η2‐C≡C side‐on coordination to form the alumoles (2, 4, 6). A distinctive reaction pattern indicates a new facile synthetic route to aluminum‐containing heterocycles. The synthetic process is described, and the characterization of compounds and computational calculations were carried out. Furthermore, alumoles 2 and 4 exhibit an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) of the bright yellow fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institüt für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Li J, Wu P, Jiang W, Li B, Wang B, Zhu H, Roesky HW. An Unusual and Facile Synthetic Route to Alumoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfaceNational Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-EstersCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institüt für Anorganische ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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32
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Xu L, Zhou K, Ma H, Lv A, Pei D, Li G, Zhang Y, An Z, Li A, He G. Ultralong Organic Phosphorescent Nanocrystals with Long-Lived Triplet Excited States for Afterglow Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18385-18394. [PMID: 32212618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel applications of ultralong organic phosphorescent (UOP) materials is highly desired. Herein, a series of UOP materials (EDCz, E = O, S, Se, and Te) for bacterial afterglow imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reported. By structurally bonding with the chalcogen atoms with π-conjugated scaffolds, EDCz not only absorbs visible light but also emits UOP with an efficiency of ca. 0.01-6.8% and a long lifetime of 0.08-0.318 s under ambient conditions. Benefiting from the long-lived triplet excited states, the SeDCz nanocrystals (NCs) possessed the best optical properties in the series, generating 1O2 under white light irradiation and performing as an agent for Staphylococcus aureus afterglow imaging and PDT at a low concentration (98 ng mL-1). The SeDCz NCs are also utilized as real-time UOP imaging agents and promoted healing of infected wounds in living mice. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first example of UOP-based bacterial photodynamic theranostic agents and creates a platform for the next-generation efficient UOP-based photosensitizers for bioimaging and skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi province, China
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33
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Deng Y, Li P, Sun S, Jiang H, Ji X, Li H. Proton-Activated Amorphous Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Humidity Sensing and High-Level Data Encryption. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1088-1093. [PMID: 32017408 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular co-assembling terpyridine-derivatives with nanoclay (LP) are exploited to acquire efficient amorphous room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that this co-assembly not only brings about a configuration transformation from the trans-trans (a) to the cis-trans (a'') form via the protonating process, significantly narrowing the singlet-triplet energy gap, thereby effectively facilitating the single-triplet ISC processes, but also well protects the triplet state and suppresses the nonradiative transitions via restricting molecular rotation and vibration by the hydrogen-bond interactions between them. Additionally, the flexible and transparent films, through co-assembling 1@LP (or 2@LP) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), also display excellent phosphorescence performance. Owing to their distinctive RTP performances, the RH sensing and high-level data encryption are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Deng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ji
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Huanrong Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, GuangRong Dao 8, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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34
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Riebe S, Wölper C, Balszuweit J, Hayduk M, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Strassert CA, Doltsinis NL, Voskuhl J. Understanding the Role of Chalcogens in Ether‐Based Luminophores with Aggregation‐Induced Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Riebe
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 45117 Essen Germany)
| | - Jan Balszuweit
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Hayduk
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Matias Ezequiel Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie CiMIC, CeNTech, SoN –Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie CiMIC, CeNTech, SoN –Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Heisenbergstraße 11 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and ComputationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10 48149 Münster Germany)
| | - Jens Voskuhl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstrasse 7 45117 Essen Germany
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35
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Zhou Q, Yang T, Zhong Z, Kausar F, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. A clustering-triggered emission strategy for tunable multicolor persistent phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2926-2933. [PMID: 34122793 PMCID: PMC8157572 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A clustering-triggered emission (CTE) strategy, namely the formation of heterogeneous clustered chromophores and conformation rigidification, for achieving tunable multicolor phosphorescence in single-component compounds is proposed. Non-conventional luminophores comprising just oxygen functionalities and free of π-bonding, i.e., d-(+)-xylose (d-Xyl), pentaerythritol (PER), d-fructose (d-Fru) and d-galactose (d-Gal), were adopted as a simple model system with an explicit structure and molecular packing to address the hypothesis. Their concentrated solutions and crystals at 77 K or under ambient conditions demonstrate remarkable multicolor phosphorescence afterglows in response to varying excitation wavelengths, because of the formation of diverse oxygen clusters with sufficiently rigid conformations. The intra- and inter-molecular O⋯O interactions were definitely illustrated by both single crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations. These findings shed new light on the origin and simple achievement of tunable multicolor phosphorescence in single-component pure organics, and in turn, have strong implications for the emission mechanism of non-conventional luminophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zihao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Fahmeeda Kausar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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36
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Deka R, Sarkar A, Butcher RJ, Junk PC, Turner DR, Deacon GB, Singh HB. Isolation of Homoleptic Dicationic Tellurium and Monocationic Bismuth Analogues of Non-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Derivatives. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Peter C. Junk
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - David R. Turner
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Glen B. Deacon
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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37
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Che W, Gong Y, Tu L, Han M, Li X, Xie Y, Li Z. Elucidation of distinct fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence of organic polymorphs from benzophenone–borate derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21445-21452. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02881a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The RTP property of polymorphisms present the different emission derive from the same molecule embed in different intermolecular packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Che
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Liangjing Tu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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38
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Romito D, Biot N, Babudri F, Bonifazi D. Non-covalent bridging of bithiophenes through chalcogen bonding grips. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, chalcogen functionalized dithiophenes, equipped on both extremities with chalcogen-bonding recognition heterocycles, have been prepared following two synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Biot
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Francesco Babudri
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi Aldo Moro di Bari
- 70126 Bari
- Italy
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39
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Rivard E. Metallacycle Transfer and its Link to Light-Emitting Materials and Conjugated Polymers. CHEM REC 2019; 20:640-648. [PMID: 31833670 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in optoelectronic technologies (e. g., solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, etc…) are prefaced by the discovery of new synthetic methodologies. In this review, the key role of the Fagan-Nugent reaction in enabling our team (and others) to gain access to new building blocks for luminescent materials and conjugated polymers bearing p-block elements will be described. The Fagan-Nugent reaction is extremely powerful as a synthetic tool since the efficient zirconium-element atom exchange involved affords a wide range of unsaturated inorganic heterocycles of controllable composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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40
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Hamzehpoor E, Perepichka DF. Crystal Engineering of Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Organic Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:9977-9981. [PMID: 31725174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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41
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Hamzehpoor E, Perepichka DF. Crystal Engineering of Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Organic Solids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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42
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Wang H, Shi H, Ye W, Yao X, Wang Q, Dong C, Jia W, Ma H, Cai S, Huang K, Fu L, Zhang Y, Zhi J, Gu L, Zhao Y, An Z, Huang W. Amorphous Ionic Polymers with Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18776-18782. [PMID: 31646717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous purely organic phosphorescence materials with long-lived and color-tunable emission are rare. Herein, we report a concise chemical ionization strategy to endow conventional poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) derivatives with ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) under ambient conditions. After the ionization of 1,4-butanesultone, the resulting PVP-S phosphor showed a UOP lifetime of 578.36 ms, which is 525 times longer than that of PVP polymer itself. Remarkably, multicolor UOP emission ranging from blue to red was observed with variation of the excitation wavelength, which has rarely been reported for organic luminescent materials. This finding not only provides a guideline for developing amorphous polymers with UOP properties, but also extends the scope of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials for practical applications in photoelectric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaokang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chaomin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kaiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lishun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.,Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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43
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Wang H, Shi H, Ye W, Yao X, Wang Q, Dong C, Jia W, Ma H, Cai S, Huang K, Fu L, Zhang Y, Zhi J, Gu L, Zhao Y, An Z, Huang W. Amorphous Ionic Polymers with Color‐Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaokang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Chaomin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenyong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Kaiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Lishun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jiahuan Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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44
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Sasabe H, Kato Y, Watanabe Y, Ohsawa T, Aizawa N, Fujiwara W, Pu YJ, Katagiri H, Kido J. Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from a Series of 3-Pyridylcarbazole Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:16294-16300. [PMID: 31573108 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of pure metal-free organic molecules that exhibit strong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is an emerging research topic. In this regard, unveiling the design principles for an efficient RTP molecule is an essential, but challenging, task. A small molecule is an ideal platform to precisely understand the fundamental role of each functional component because the parent molecule can be easily derivatized. Here, the RTP behaviors of a series of 3-pyridylcarbazole derivatives are presented. Experimental studies in combination with theoretical calculations reveal the crucial role of the n orbital on the central pyridine ring in the dramatic enhancement of the intersystem crossing between the charge-transfer-excited singlet state and the locally excited triplet states. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies apparently indicate that both the pyridine ring and fluorine atom contribute to the enhancement of the RTP because of the restricted motion owing to weak C-H⋅⋅⋅N and H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen-bonding interactions. The single crystal of the fluorine-substituted derivative shows an ultra-long phosphorescent lifetime (τP ) of 1.1 s and a phosphorescence quantum yield (ΦP ) of 1.2 %, whereas the bromine-substituted derivative exhibits τP of 0.15 s with a ΦP of 7.9 %. We believe that this work provides a fundamental and universal guideline for the generation of pure organic molecules exhibiting strong RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Sasabe
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL) and Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan.,Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohsawa
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Naoya Aizawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujiwara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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45
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Shida N, Nishiyama H, Zheng F, Ye S, Seferos DS, Tomita I, Inagi S. Redox chemistry of π-extended tellurophenes. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, the incorporation of tellurophene motifs into organic devices has been a promising strategy for the design of advanced materials. However, fundamental redox behavior of tellurophene-containing materials have never been comprehensively explored. Here, we report unique redox behavior of π-extended tellurophenes. The facile coordination of solvent molecules and/or anions becomes evident, in addition to the attachment of nucleophilic halides. This indicates that the tellurium center in oxidized 2,5-diphenyltellurophene is highly electron-deficient and easily yields coordinated structures. This coordination appears to trap the positive charge on the tellurium center rather than delocalizing it over the π-system. When no coordinating counter ion is present, however, oxidation appears to be delocalized over the entire π-system. Additionally, by using more delocalized structures, we show that coordination and charge-delocalization can co-exist. These results provide important insights to understand the properties of tellurophene-containing molecules and materials with extended π-systems.
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46
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhu C, Bian L, Shi H, Zhang S, Ma H, Huang W. Regioisomerism effect (RIE) on optimizing ultralong organic phosphorescence lifetimes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Hoover GC, Seferos DS. Photoactivity and optical applications of organic materials containing selenium and tellurium. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9182-9188. [PMID: 32055305 PMCID: PMC6988745 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds, particularly derivatives of thiophene, are well studied for organic optoelectronic applications. Incorporating selenium or tellurium in place of sulfur imparts different physical properties due to the fundamental differences of these atoms relative to their lighter analogues. This has a profound influence on the properties of molecules and materials that incorporate chalcogens that may ultimately lead to new opportunities and applications. This mini-review will focus on the quantitative and qualitative photophysical characteristics of organic materials containing selenium and tellurium as well as their emerging applications as molecular photoactive species, including light-emitting sensors, triplet sensitizers, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle C Hoover
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , ON M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , ON M5S 3H6 , Canada .
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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48
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Wu X, Lv L, Hu L, Shi Q, Peng A, Huang H. The Synthesis and Optoelectronic Applications for Tellurophene-Based Small Molecules and Polymers. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2600-2607. [PMID: 31179624 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tellurophene-based small molecules and polymers have received great attentions owing to their applications in thin-film transistors, solar cells, and sensors. This article reviews the current progress of the synthesis and applications of tellurophene-based small molecules and polymers. The physicochemical properties and optoelectronic applications of tellurophene-based materials are summarized and discussed. In the end, the challenges and outlook of tellurophene-based materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby. Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.Sino-Danish center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Lv
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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49
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Jiang M, Guo J, Liu B, Tan Q, Xu B. Synthesis of Tellurium-Containing π-Extended Aromatics with Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Org Lett 2019; 21:8328-8333. [PMID: 31560555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis of tellurium-embedded π-extended aromatics from tellurium powder and readily available cyclic diaryliodonium salts has been developed. The versatility of this method has been demonstrated by the synthesis of various functionalized dibenzotellurophenes (DBTe's), a ladder-type π-system, and a heterosumanene. These compounds demonstrated good air/moisture stability and high thermal stability. Remarkably, many DBTe's exhibited interesting tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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Parke SM, Tanaka S, Yu H, Hupf E, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Naka K, Rivard E. Highly Fluorescent Benzophosphole Oxide Block-Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Parke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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