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Gong B, Zhang W, Cong W, Gu Y, Ji W, Yin T, Zhou H, Hu H, Zhuang J, Luo Y, Liu Y, Gao J, Yin Y. Systemic Administration of Neurotransmitter-Derived Lipidoids-PROTACs-DNA Nanocomplex Promotes Tau Clearance and Cognitive Recovery for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400149. [PMID: 39007278 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant burden on the economy and healthcare systems worldwide. Although the pathophysiology of AD remains debatable, its progression is strongly correlated with the accumulation of tau aggregates. Therefore, tau clearance from brain lesions can be a promising strategy for AD therapy. To achieve this, the present study combined proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC), a novel protein-degradation technique that mediates degradation of target proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and a neurotransmitter-derived lipidoid (NT-lipidoid) nanoparticle delivery system with high blood-brain barrier-penetration activity, to generate a novel nanomedicine named NPD. Peptide 1, a cationic tau-targeting PROTAC is loaded onto the positively charged nanoparticles using DNA-intercalation technology. The resulting nanomedicine displayed good encapsulation efficiency, serum stability, drug release profile, and blood-brain barrier-penetration capability. Furthermore, NPD potently induced tau clearance in both cultured neuronal cells and the brains of AD mice. Moreover, intravenous injection of NPD led to a significant improvement in the cognitive function of the AD mice, without any remarkable abnormalities, thereby supporting its clinical development. Collectively, the novel nanomedicine developed in this study may serve as an innovative strategy for AD therapy, since it effectively and specifically induces tau protein clearance in brain lesions, which in turn enhances cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Weicong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Wei Cong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuankai Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Honggang Hu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yi Luo
- New Drug Discovery and Development, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, 519080, China
- Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Mao P, Feng Z, Liu Y, Zhang K, Zhao G, Lei Z, Di T, Zhang H. The Role of Ubiquitination in Osteosarcoma Development and Therapies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 39062505 PMCID: PMC11274928 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) maintains intracellular protein homeostasis and cellular function by regulating various biological processes. Ubiquitination, a common post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, signal transduction, and other physiological and pathological processes, and is involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is characterized by high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. It is a refractory bone disease, and the main treatment modalities are surgery combined with chemotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests a close association between UPS abnormalities and the progression of osteosarcoma. Due to the complexity and pleiotropy of the ubiquitination system, each step in the ubiquitination process can be targeted by drugs. In recent years, research and development of inhibitors targeting the ubiquitin system have increased gradually, showing great potential for clinical application. This article reviews the role of the ubiquitination system in the development and treatment of osteosarcoma, as well as research progress, with the hope of improving the therapeutic effects and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients by targeting effective molecules in the ubiquitination system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zuxi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guanghai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zeyuan Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tianning Di
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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3
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Carmona AV, Jonnalagadda S, Case AM, Maddeboina K, Jonnalagadda SK, Dow LF, Duan L, Penning TM, Trippier PC. Discovery of an Aldo-Keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) degrader. Commun Chem 2024; 7:95. [PMID: 38684887 PMCID: PMC11059152 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is a protein upregulated in prostate cancer, hematological malignancies, and other cancers where it contributes to proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (ARv7) is the most common mutation of the AR receptor that confers resistance to clinical androgen receptor signalling inhibitors in castration-resistant prostate cancer. AKR1C3 interacts with ARv7 promoting stabilization. Herein we report the discovery of the first-in-class AKR1C3 Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) degrader. This first-generation degrader potently reduced AKR1C3 expression in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells with a half-maximal degradation concentration (DC50) of 52 nM. Gratifyingly, concomitant degradation of ARv7 was observed with a DC50 = 70 nM, along with degradation of the AKR1C3 isoforms AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 to a lesser extent. This compound represents a highly useful chemical tool and a promising strategy for prostate cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Alfie M Case
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Krishnaiah Maddeboina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Sravan K Jonnalagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Louise F Dow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA
| | - Ling Duan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA.
- UNMC Center for Drug Design and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68106, USA.
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4
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Ma J, Fang L, Sun Z, Li M, Fan T, Xiang G, Ma X. Folate-PEG-PROTAC Micelles for Enhancing Tumor-Specific Targeting Proteolysis In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400109. [PMID: 38676445 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is rapidly developed as a novel and selective medicinal strategy for the degradation of cellular proteins in cancer therapy. However, the applications of PROTACs as heterobifunctional molecules are largely limited by high molecular weight, low bioavailability, poor permeability, insufficient targeting, and low efficacy in vivo. Herein, self-assembling micelles of FA-PEG-PROTAC are designed for cancer cell selective targeting and reductive-response proteolysis in tumor-bearing mice. FA-PEG-PROTAC is prepared by conjugating folic acid (FA)-PEG with EGFR-targeting PROTAC via a disulfide bond. The FA-PEG-PROTAC micelles, formed by self-assembling, are demonstrated to significantly improve tumor targeting efficacy and exhibit excellent anti-tumor efficacy in the mouse xenograft model compared to the traditional PROTACs. The strategy of applying self-assembled FA-PEG-PROTAC micelles in tumor therapy can not only improve targeted proteolysis efficiency but also broaden applications in the development of PROTAC-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meijing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, 554300, China
- Institute of the Higher Education Edible and Medicinal Fungi Engineering Research Center, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, 554300, China
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5
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Lu X, Jin J, Wu Y, Liu X, Liang X, Lin J, Sun Q, Qin J, Zhang W, Luan X. Progress in RAS-targeted therapeutic strategies: From small molecule inhibitors to proteolysis targeting chimeras. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:812-832. [PMID: 38009264 DOI: 10.1002/med.21993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
As a widely considerable target in chemical biology and pharmacological research, rat sarcoma (RAS) gene mutations play a critical driving factor in several fatal cancers. Despite the great progress of RAS subtype-specific inhibitors, rapid acquired drug resistance could limit their further clinical applications. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a powerful tool to handle "undruggable" targets and exhibited significant therapeutic benefit for the combat of drug resistance. Owing to unique molecular mechanism and binding kinetics, PROTAC is expected to become a feasible strategy to break the bottleneck of classical RAS inhibitors. This review aims to discuss the current advances of RAS inhibitors and especially focus on PROTAC strategy targeting RAS mutations and their downstream effectors for relevant cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Jin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangjiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Pakjoo M, Ahmadi SE, Zahedi M, Jaafari N, Khademi R, Amini A, Safa M. Interplay between proteasome inhibitors and NF-κB pathway in leukemia and lymphoma: a comprehensive review on challenges ahead of proteasome inhibitors. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:105. [PMID: 38331801 PMCID: PMC10851565 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The current scientific literature has extensively explored the potential role of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in the NF-κB pathway of leukemia and lymphoma. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical component in regulating protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. PIs, such as BTZ, are used to target the 26S proteasome in hematologic malignancies, resulting in the prevention of the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins, the activation of intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent cell death, and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor migration. Despite the successful use of PIs in various hematologic malignancies, there are limitations such as resistant to these inhibitors. Some reports suggest that PIs can induce NF-κB activation, which increases the survival of malignant cells. This article discusses the various aspects of PIs' effects on the NF-κB pathway and their limitations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Pakjoo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- ATMP department, Breast cancer research center, Motamed cancer institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX:15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jaafari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Khademi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Amini
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Ma J, Yan L, Yang J, He Y, Wu L. Effect of Modification Strategies on the Biological Activity of Peptides/Proteins. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300481. [PMID: 38009768 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Covalent attachment of biologically active peptides/proteins with functional moieties is an effective strategy to control their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, enzymatic digestion, and toxicity. This review focuses on the characteristics of different modification strategies and their effects on the biological activity of peptides/proteins and illustrates their relevant applications and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingkui Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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8
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Xie S, Zhan F, Zhu J, Sun Y, Zhu H, Liu J, Chen J, Zhu Z, Yang DH, Chen ZS, Yao H, Xu J, Xu S. Discovery of Norbornene as a Novel Hydrophobic Tag Applied in Protein Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217246. [PMID: 36670545 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic tagging (HyT) is a potential therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation (TPD). Norbornene was discovered as an unprecedented hydrophobic tag in this study and was used to degrade the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion protein by linking it to ALK inhibitors. The most promising degrader, Hyt-9, potently reduced ALK levels through Hsp70 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in vitro without compensatory upregulation of ALK. Furthermore, Hyt-9 exhibited a significant tumor-inhibiting effect in vivo with moderate oral bioavailability. More importantly, norbornene can also be used to degrade the intractable enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) when tagged with the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat. Thus, the discovery of novel hydrophobic norbornene tags shows promise for the future development of TPD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Feiyan Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jingjie Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215300, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215300, China
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9
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Lu C, Lu P, Gong L, Zhu LJ, An Y, Wang Y. Rational design and development of novel NAE inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Liu Z, Hu M, Yang Y, Du C, Zhou H, Liu C, Chen Y, Fan L, Ma H, Gong Y, Xie Y. An overview of PROTACs: a promising drug discovery paradigm. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:46. [PMID: 36536188 PMCID: PMC9763089 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in recent years. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Currently, about 20-25% of all protein targets are being studied, and most works focus on their enzymatic functions. Unlike small molecules, PROTACs inhibit the whole biological function of the target protein by binding to the target protein and inducing subsequent proteasomal degradation. PROTACs compensate for limitations that transcription factors, nuclear proteins, and other scaffolding proteins are difficult to handle with traditional small-molecule inhibitors. Currently, PROTACs have successfully degraded diverse proteins, such as BTK, BRD4, AR, ER, STAT3, IRAK4, tau, etc. And ARV-110 and ARV-471 exhibited excellent efficacy in clinical II trials. However, what targets are appropriate for PROTAC technology to achieve better benefits than small-molecule inhibitors are not fully understood. And how to rationally design an efficient PROTACs and optimize it to be orally effective poses big challenges for researchers. In this review, we summarize the features of PROTAC technology, analyze the detail of general principles for designing efficient PROTACs, and discuss the typical application of PROTACs targeting different protein categories. In addition, we also introduce the progress of relevant clinical trial results of representative PROTACs and assess the challenges and limitations that PROTACs may face. Collectively, our studies provide references for further application of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Mingxing Hu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yu Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chenghao Du
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Biological Sciences, USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, 90089 USA
| | - Haoxuan Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Chengyali Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Lei Fan
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hongqun Ma
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Youling Gong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
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11
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Li D, Yu D, Li Y, Yang R. A bibliometric analysis of PROTAC from 2001 to 2021. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wang XR, Wang S, Mu HX, Xu KY, Wang XT, Shi JT, Cui QH, Zhang LW, Chen SW. Discovery of novel VEGFR-2-PROTAC degraders based on the localization of lysine residues via recruiting VHL for the treatment of gastric cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Zuo X, Liu D. Mechanism of immunomodulatory drug resistance and novel therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:1110-1121. [PMID: 36121114 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2124694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) resistance to multiple myeloma (MM) cells has been gradually demonstrated by recently studies, and some potential novel strategies have been confirmed to have antimyeloma activity and be associated with IMiD activity in MM. METHODS This article searched the Pubmed library, reviewed some recently studies related to IMiD resistance to MM cells and summarized some potent agents to improve IMiD resistance to MM cells. RESULTS Studies have confirmed that cereblon is a primary direct protein target of IMiDs. IRF4 not only is affected by the IKZF protein but also can directly inhibit the expression of BMF and BIM, thereby promoting the survival of MM cells. Additionally, the expression of IRF4 and MYC also plays an important role in three important signaling pathways (Wnt, STAT3 and MAPK/ERK) related to IMiD resistance. Notably, MYC, a downstream factor of IRF4, may be upregulated by BRD4, and upregulation of MYC promotes cell proliferation in MM and disease progression. Recently, some novel therapeutic agents targeting BRD4, a histone modification-related 'reader' of epigenetic marks, or other important factors (e.g. TAK1) in relevant signaling pathways have been developed and they may provide new options for relapse/refractory MM therapy, such as BET inhibitors, CBP/EP300 inhibitors, dual-target BET-CBP/EP300 inhibitors, TAK1 inhibitors, and they may provide new options for relapsed/refractory MM therapy. CONCLUSIONS Accumulated studies have revealed that some key factors associated with the mechanism of IMiD resistance to MM cells. Some agents represent promising new therapeutics of MM to regulate the IRF4/MYC axis by inhibiting BRD4 expression or signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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Gui W, Kodadek T. Applications and Limitations of Oxime-Linked "Split PROTACs". Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200275. [PMID: 35802347 PMCID: PMC9594079 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras are of keen interest as probe molecules and drug leads. Their activity is highly sensitive to the length and nature of the linker connecting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (E3 Ubl) and target protein (TP) ligands, which therefore requires tedious optimization. The creation of "split PROTACs" from E3 Ubl and TP ligands modified with residues suitable for them to couple when simply mixed together would allow various combinations to be assessed in a combinatorial fashion, thus greatly easing the workload relative to a one-by-one synthesis of many different PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras). We explore oxime chemistry here for this purpose. We show that PROTAC assembly occurs efficiently when the components are mixed at a high concentration, then added to cells. However, in situ coupling of the TP and E3 Ubl ligands is inefficient when these units are added to cells at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Gui
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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15
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Guo L, Zhou Y, Nie X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Li C, Wang T, Tang W. A platform for the rapid synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (Rapid-TAC) under miniaturized conditions. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114317. [PMID: 35397401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) is one of the most frequently used technologies for targeted protein degradation. PROTACs are composed of target protein ligand, E3 ligase ligand and a linker between them. Traditional methods for the development of PROTACs involve step-by-step synthesis and are time consuming. Herein, we report a platform for the rapid synthesis of PROTACs (Rapid-TAC) via a traceless coupling reaction between ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) motif on the ligand of targeting protein and an amine fucntional group on the commercially available partial PROTAC library that is composed of different E3 ligase ligands and various types and lengths of linkers. Under our optimized miniaturized conditions, the full PROTACs can be synthesized in a high throughput manner and the products can be directly used for screening without any further manipulations including purification. We demonstrated the utility of this platform by quickly identifying active degraders for androgen receptor (AR) and BRD4 with DC50 of 41.9 nM and 8.9 nM, respectively. It is expected that this Rapid-TAC platform can be easily extended to many other targets, thus lowering the barrier to access this novel modelity for small molecule drug discovery and faciliate structure activity relationship studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yaxian Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Xueqing Nie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Zhongrui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chunrong Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Taobo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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16
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Naito M. Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery. J Biochem 2022; 172:61-69. [PMID: 35468190 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation attracts attention as a novel modality for drug discovery as well as for basic research. Various types of degrader molecules have been developed so far, which include PROTACs and SNIPERs, E3 modulators, hydrophobic tagging molecules, IAP antagonists, and deubiquitylase inhibitors. PROTACs and SNIPERs are chimeric degrader molecules consisting of a target ligand linked to another ligand that binds to an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In the cells, they recruit an E3 ligase to the target protein, thereby inducing ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the target protein. Because of their modular structure, novel PROTACs and SNIPERs targeting proteins of your interest can be rationally developed by substituting target ligands. In this article, various compounds capable of inducing protein degradation were overviewed, including SNIPER compounds developed in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiko Naito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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17
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Bano I, Malhi M, Zhao M, Giurgiulescu L, Sajjad H, Kieliszek M. A review on cullin neddylation and strategies to identify its inhibitors for cancer therapy. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:103. [PMID: 35463041 PMCID: PMC8964847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the biggest components of the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein family, and they represent an essential role in various diseases that occur because of abnormal activation, particularly in tumors development. Regulation of CRLs needs neddylation, a post-translational modification involving an enzymatic cascade that transfers small, ubiquitin-like NEDD8 protein to CRLs. Many previous studies have confirmed neddylation as an enticing target for anticancer drug discoveries, and few recent studies have also found a significant increase in advancement in protein neddylation, including preclinical and clinical target validation to discover the neddylation inhibitor compound. In the present review, we first presented briefly the essence of CRLs' neddylation and its control, systematic analysis of CRLs, followed by the description of a few recorded chemical inhibitors of CRLs neddylation enzymes with recent examples of preclinical and clinical targets. We have also listed various structure-based pointing of protein-protein dealings in the CRLs' neddylation reaction, and last, the methods available to discover new inhibitors of neddylation are elaborated. This review will offer a concentrated, up-to-date, and detailed description of the discovery of neddylation inhibitors.
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18
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Ma S, Ji J, Tong Y, Zhu Y, Dou J, Zhang X, Xu S, Zhu T, Xu X, You Q, Jiang Z. Non-small molecule PROTACs (NSM-PROTACs): Protein degradation kaleidoscope. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2990-3005. [PMID: 35865099 PMCID: PMC9293674 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has been rapidly developed since its birth in 2001, attracting rapidly growing attention of scientific institutes and pharmaceutical companies. At present, a variety of small molecule PROTACs have entered the clinical trial. However, as small molecule PROTACs flourish, non-small molecule PROTACs (NSM-PROTACs) such as peptide PROTACs, nucleic acid PROTACs and antibody PROTACs have also advanced considerably over recent years, exhibiting the unique characters beyond the small molecule PROTACs. Here, we briefly introduce the types of NSM-PROTACs, describe the advantages of NSM-PROTACs, and summarize the development of NSM-PROTACs so far in detail. We hope this article could not only provide useful insights into NSM-PROTACs, but also expand the research interest of NSM-PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junwei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianbao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
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19
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Gong L, Lu P, Lu C, Li M, Wan H, Wang Y. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarin Derivatives as NEDD8 Activating Enzyme Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Med Chem 2022; 18:679-693. [PMID: 34895126 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666211210163817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is one of the ubiquitin-like proteins which is activated by the NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE). The overexpressed NAE can cause a variety of diseases such as numerous cancer types and inflammatory diseases. The selective inhibition of NAE could mediate the rate of ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of proteins associated with cancer so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. OBJECTIVE In this article, we decided to study the synthesis and screening of coumarin scaffold derivatives against cancer cell lines, specifically the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. METHODS Twenty-four targeted compounds were synthesized, and their anti-proliferative activity against three cancer cell lines, cytotoxicity against three normal cell lines through CCK-8 and MTT assay were evaluated to screen out the candidate compound. Then the target was further confirmed by both enzyme and cell-based experiments, as well as cell apoptosis research. RESULTS Several new 4-position substituted coumarin derivatives (12a~x) were synthesized and most of them exhibit antiproliferative activity in three cancer cell lines. A series of experiments were performed to identify the best candidate compound 12v. This compound displayed the highest potency against BxPC-3 with an IC50 value of 0.28 μM. It can also inhibit NAE activity in enzyme and cellbased assay, and induce CRLs-mediated accumulation of the substrate and apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells. Meanwhile, it exhibited relatively low toxicity in three normal cells. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we found that compound 12v inhibited NAE activity in enzyme and cell-based systems and induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells. Additionally, it also had a low toxicity. These results suggested that 12v may be promising lead compounds for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Technical University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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20
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Qu L, Li S, Ji L, Luo S, Ding M, Yin F, Wang C, Luo H, Lu D, Liu X, Peng W, Kong L, Wang X. Discovery of PT-65 as a highly potent and selective Proteolysis-targeting chimera degrader of GSK3 for treating Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113889. [PMID: 34649182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GSK3 is a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we describe the design and synthesize of a series of GSK3 degraders based on a click chemistry platform. A series of highly potent GSK3 degraders were obtained. Among them, PT-65 exhibited most potent degradation potency against GSK3α (DC50 = 28.3 nM) and GSK3β (DC50 = 34.2 nM) in SH-SY5Y cells. SPR assay confirmed that PT-65 binds to GSK3β with high affinity (KD = 12.41 nM). The proteomic study indicated that PT-65 could selectively induced GSK3 degradation. Moreover, PT-65 could effectively suppress GSK3β and Aβ mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner and protect SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ caused cell damage. We also confirmed that PT-65 could suppress OA induced tau hyperphosphorylation and ameliorate learning and memory impairments in vivo model of AD. In summary, PT-65 might be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailiang Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Limei Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Si Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Heng Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dehua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413309. [PMID: 34948102 PMCID: PMC8707610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major non-lysosomal pathway responsible for regulated degradation of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. As the principal proteolytic pathway in the cytosol and the nucleus, the UPS serves two main functions: the quality control function (i.e., removal of damaged, misfolded, and functionally incompetent proteins) and a major regulatory function (i.e., targeted degradation of a variety of short-lived regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle control, signal transduction cascades, and regulation of gene expression and metabolic pathways). Aberrations in the UPS are implicated in numerous human pathologies such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity, inflammation, or infectious diseases. Therefore, the UPS has become an attractive target for drug discovery and development. For the past two decades, much research has been focused on identifying and developing compounds that target specific components of the UPS. Considerable effort has been devoted to the development of both second-generation proteasome inhibitors and inhibitors of ubiquitinating/deubiquitinating enzymes. With the feature of unique structure and bioactivity, secondary metabolites (natural products) serve as the lead compounds in the development of new therapeutic drugs. This review, for the first time, summarizes fungal secondary metabolites found to act as inhibitors of the UPS components.
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22
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Upadhyay A. Natural compounds in the regulation of proteostatic pathways: An invincible artillery against stress, ageing, and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2995-3014. [PMID: 34729300 PMCID: PMC8546668 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have different sets of molecules for performing an array of physiological functions. Nucleic acids have stored and carried the information throughout evolution, whereas proteins have been attributed to performing most of the cellular functions. To perform these functions, proteins need to have a unique conformation and a definite lifespan. These attributes are achieved by a highly coordinated protein quality control (PQC) system comprising chaperones to fold the proteins in a proper three-dimensional structure, ubiquitin-proteasome system for selective degradation of proteins, and autophagy for bulk clearance of cell debris. Many kinds of stresses and perturbations may lead to the weakening of these protective cellular machinery, leading to the unfolding and aggregation of cellular proteins and the occurrence of numerous pathological conditions. However, modulating the expression and functional efficiency of molecular chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and autophagic proteins may diminish cellular proteotoxic load and mitigate various pathological effects. Natural medicine and small molecule-based therapies have been well-documented for their effectiveness in modulating these pathways and reestablishing the lost proteostasis inside the cells to combat disease conditions. The present article summarizes various similar reports and highlights the importance of the molecules obtained from natural sources in disease therapeutics.
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Key Words
- 17-AAG, 17-allylamino-geldanamycin
- APC, anaphase-promoting complex
- Ageing
- Autophagy
- BAG, BCL2-associated athanogene
- CAP, chaperone-assisted proteasomal degradation
- CASA, chaperone-assisted selective autophagy
- CHIP, carboxy-terminus of HSC70 interacting protein
- CMA, chaperone-mediated autophagy
- Cancer
- Chaperones
- DUBs, deubiquitinases
- Drug discovery
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport
- HECT, homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus
- HSC70, heat shock cognate 70
- HSF1, heat shock factor 1
- HSP, heat shock protein
- KFERQ, lysine-phenylalanine-glutamate-arginine-glutamine
- LAMP2a, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2a
- LC3, light chain 3
- NBR1, next to BRCA1 gene 1
- Natural molecules
- Neurodegeneration
- PQC, protein quality control
- Proteinopathies
- Proteostasis
- RING, really interesting new gene
- UPS, ubiquitin–proteasome system
- Ub, ubiquitin
- Ubiquitin proteasome system
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
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23
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Meng D, He W, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zheng J, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhan P, Chen H, Li W, Cai L. Development of PI3K inhibitors: Advances in clinical trials and new strategies (Review). Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105900. [PMID: 34547385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are the family of vital lipid kinases widely distributed in mammalian cells. The overexpression of PI3Ks leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is considered a pivotal pathway in the occurrence and development of tumors. Hence, PI3Ks are viewed as promising therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy. To date, some PI3K inhibitors have achieved desired therapeutic effect via inhibiting the activity of PI3Ks or reducing the level of PI3Ks in clinical trials, among which, Idelalisib, Alpelisib and Duvelisib have been approved by the FDA for treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced metastatic breast cancer and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL). This review focuses on the latest advances of PI3K inhibitors with efficacious anticancer activity, which are classified into Pan-PI3K inhibitors, isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors based on the isoform affinity. Their corresponding structure characteristics and structures-activity relationship (SAR), together with the progress in the clinical application are mainly discussed. Additionally, the new PI3K inhibitory strategy, such as PI3K degradation agent, for the design of potential PI3K candidates to overcome drug resistance is referred as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Meng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhenguo Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jinling Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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D'Amico F, Mukhopadhyay R, Ovaa H, Mulder MPC. Targeting TRIM Proteins: A Quest towards Drugging an Emerging Protein Class. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2011-2031. [PMID: 33482040 PMCID: PMC8251876 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitylation machinery regulates several fundamental biological processes from protein homeostasis to a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. As a consequence, its dysregulation is linked to diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmunity. With this review, we aim to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting E3 ligases, with a special focus on an emerging class of RING ligases, named tri-partite motif (TRIM) proteins, whose role as targets for drug development is currently gaining pharmaceutical attention. TRIM proteins exert their catalytic activity as scaffolds involved in many protein-protein interactions, whose multidomains and adapter-like nature make their druggability very challenging. Herein, we give an overview of the current understanding of this class of single polypeptide RING E3 ligases and discuss potential targeting options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Amico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rishov Mukhopadhyay
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
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25
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Zhu L, Lu P, Gong L, Lu C, Li M, Wang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 4-amino Substituted 2Hchromen- 2-one Derivatives as an NEDD8 Activating Enzyme Inhibitor in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Med Chem 2021; 16:969-983. [PMID: 31880252 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) plays a critical role in various cellular functions in carcinomas. The selective inhibition of NAE could mediate the rate of ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of proteins associated with cancer so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. OBJECTIVE In this article, we decided to study the synthesis and screening of 4-amino substituted 2H-chromen-2-one derivatives against cancer cell lines, specifically the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. METHODS After synthesis of twenty targeted compounds, we evaluated their anti-proliferative activity against six cancer cell lines, cytotoxicity against three normal cell lines through MTT assay, and hemolysis to screen out the candidate compound, which was further conducted drug-like physical property measurement, target confirmation by enzyme-based experiment, cell apoptosis, and synergistic effect research. RESULTS Starting from intermediates 4 and 5, several new 4-amino substituted 2H-chromen-2-one derivatives (9-28) were synthesized and evaluated for their cell activities using six cancer cell lines. We performed tests of cytotoxicity, hemolysis, ATP-dependent NAE inhibition in the enzyme- based system, apoptosis, and synergistic effect in BxPC-3 cells against the best candidate compound 21. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we found that compound 21 inhibited NAE activity in an ATP-dependent manner in the enzyme-based system, induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells, and synergized with bortezomib on BxPC-3 cell growth inhibition. Additionally, it had low toxicity with reasonable Log P-value and water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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26
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He S, Ma J, Fang Y, Liu Y, Wu S, Dong G, Wang W, Sheng C. Homo-PROTAC mediated suicide of MDM2 to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1617-1628. [PMID: 34221872 PMCID: PMC8245912 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The dose-related adverse effects of MDM2‒P53 inhibitors have caused significant concern in the development of clinical safe anticancer agents. Herein we report an unprecedented homo-PROTAC strategy for more effective disruption of MDM2‒P53 interaction. The design concept is inspired by the capacity of sub-stoichiometric catalytic PROTACs enabling to degrade an unwanted protein and the dual functions of MDM2 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a binding protein with tumor suppressor P53. The new homo-PROTACs are designed to induce self-degradation of MDM2. The results of the investigation have shown that PROTAC 11a efficiently dimerizes MDM2 with highly competitive binding activity and induces proteasome-dependent self-degradation of MDM2 in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Furthermore, markedly, enantiomer 11a-1 exhibits potent in vivo antitumor activity in A549 xenograft nude mouse model, which is the first example of homo-PROTAC with in vivo therapeutic potency. This study demonstrates the potential of the homo-PROTAC as an alternative chemical tool for tumorigenic MDM2 knockdown, which could be developed into a safe therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junhui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shanchao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 81871239.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 81871239.
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 21 81871239.
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27
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Zhang Z, Xing X, Guan P, Song S, You G, Xia C, Liu T. Recent progress in agents targeting polo-like kinases: Promising therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113314. [PMID: 33765606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play important roles in regulating multiple aspects of cell cycle and cell proliferation. In many cancer types, PLK family members are often dysregulated, which can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and aberrant cell division and has been shown to associate with poor prognosis of cancers. The key roles of PLK kinases in cancers lead to an enhanced interest in them as promising targets for anticancer drug development. In consideration of PLK inhibitors and some other anticancer agents, such as BRD4, EEF2K and Aurora inhibitors, exert synergy effects in cancer cells, dual-targeting of PLK and other cancer-related targets is regarded as an rational and potent strategy to enhance the effectiveness of single-targeting therapy for cancer treatment. This review introduces the PLK family members at first and then focuses on the recent advances of single-target PLK inhibitors and summarizes the corresponding SARs of them. Moreover, we discuss the synergisms between PLK and other anti-tumor targets, and sum up the current dual-target agents based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Xing
- Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Shanghai Haini Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pudong, Shanghai, 201100, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Shubin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Guirong You
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China.
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28
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Alabi SB, Crews CM. Major advances in targeted protein degradation: PROTACs, LYTACs, and MADTACs. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100647. [PMID: 33839157 PMCID: PMC8131913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of late, targeted protein degradation (TPD) has surfaced as a novel and innovative chemical tool and therapeutic modality. By co-opting protein degradation pathways, TPD facilitates complete removal of the protein molecules from within or outside the cell. While the pioneering Proteolysis-Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology and molecular glues hijack the ubiquitin-proteasome system, newer modalities co-opt autophagy or the endo-lysosomal pathway. Using this mechanism, TPD is posited to largely expand the druggable space far beyond small-molecule inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the major advances in TPD, highlight our current understanding, and explore outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanique B Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig M Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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29
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Tomoshige S, Ishikawa M. PROTACs and Other Chemical Protein Degradation Technologies for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Tomoshige
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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30
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Ma Z, Ji Y, Yu Y, Liang D. Specific non-genetic IAP-based protein erasers (SNIPERs) as a potential therapeutic strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113247. [PMID: 33652355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a newly emerged technology, PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) is a promising therapeutic strategy for varieties of diseases. Unlike small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs catalytically induce target proteins degradation, including currently "undruggable" target proteins. In addition, PROTACs can be a potentially successful strategy to overcome drug resistance. IAPs can inhibit apoptosis by inhibiting caspase, and also exhibits the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase. Specific and nongenetic IAP-based protein erasers (SNIPERs) are hybrid molecules that designed based on IAPs, and used to degrade the target proteins closely associated with diseases. Their structures consist of three parts, including target protein ligand, E3 ligase ligand and the linker between them. SNIPERs (PROTACs) degrade diseases-associated proteins through human inherent ubiquitin-proteasome system. So far, many SNIPERs have been developed to treat diseases that difficult to handle by traditional methods, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and small molecule inhibitors, and showed promising prospects in application. In this paper, the recent advances of SNIPERs were summarized, and the chances and challenges associated with this area were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghui Ma
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yu Ji
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dailin Liang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
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31
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Hanafi M, Chen X, Neamati N. Discovery of a Napabucasin PROTAC as an Effective Degrader of the E3 Ligase ZFP91. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1626-1648. [PMID: 33506674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Napabucasin, undergoing multiple clinical trials, was reported to inhibit the signal transducer and transcription factor 3 (STAT3). To better elucidate its mechanism of action, we designed a napabucasin-based proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), XD2-149 that resulted in inhibition of STAT3 signaling in pancreatic cancer cell lines without inducing proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT3. Proteomics analysis of XD2-149 revealed the downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZFP91. XD2-149 degrades ZFP91 with DC50 values in the nanomolar range. The cytotoxicity of XD2-149 was significantly, but not fully, reduced with ZFP91 knockdown providing evidence for its multi-targeted mechanism of action. The NQO1 inhibitor, dicoumarol, rescued the cytotoxicity of XD2-149 but not ZFP91 degradation, suggesting that the NQO1-induced cell death is independent of ZFP91. ZFP91 plays a role in tumorigenesis and is involved in multiple oncogenic pathways including NF-κB and HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hanafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Xinde Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and the Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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32
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Muddassir M, Soni K, Sangani CB, Alarifi A, Afzal M, Abduh NAY, Duan Y, Bhadja P. Bromodomain and BET family proteins as epigenetic targets in cancer therapy: their degradation, present drugs, and possible PROTACs. RSC Adv 2021; 11:612-636. [PMID: 35746919 PMCID: PMC9133982 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07971e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the pattern of epigenetic marking leads to cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory problems etc. These changes are due to aberration in histone modification enzymes that function as readers, writers and erasers. Bromodomains (BDs) and BET proteins that recognize acetylation of chromatin regulate gene expression. To block the function of any of these BrDs and/or BET protein can be a controlling agent in disorders such as cancer. BrDs and BET proteins are now emerging as targets for new therapeutic development. Traditional drugs like enzyme inhibitors and protein–protein inhibitors have many limitations. Recently Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have become an advanced tool in therapeutic intervention as they remove disease causing proteins. This review provides an overview of the development and mechanisms of PROTACs for BRD and BET protein regulation in cancer and advanced possibilities of genetic technologies in therapeutics. Alteration in the pattern of epigenetic marking leads to cancer, neurological disorders, inflammatory problems etc.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Kunjal Soni
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research
- Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Chetan B. Sangani
- Shri Maneklal M. Patel Institute of Sciences and Research
- Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya University
- Gandhinagar
- India
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Mohd. Afzal
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- KSA
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases
- Zhengzhou Children's Hospital
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450018
- China
| | - Poonam Bhadja
- Arthropod Ecology and Biological Control Research Group
- Ton Duc Thang University
- Ho Chi Minh City
- Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety
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Ma K, Han XX, Yang XM, Zhou SL. Proteolysis targeting chimera technology: a novel strategy for treating diseases of the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1944-1949. [PMID: 33642364 PMCID: PMC8343312 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease are among the intractable diseases for which appropriate drugs and treatments are lacking. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology is a novel strategy to solve this problem. PROTAC technology uses the ubiquitin-protease system to eliminate mutated, denatured, and harmful proteins in cells. It can be reused, and utilizes the protein destruction mechanism of the cells, thus making up for the deficiencies of traditional protein degradation methods. It can effectively target and degrade proteins, including proteins that are difficult to identify and bind. Therefore, it has extremely important implications for drug development and the treatment of neurological diseases. At present, the targeted degradation of mutant BTK, mHTT, Tau, EGFR, and other proteins using PROTAC technology is gaining attention. It is expected that corresponding treatment of nervous system diseases can be achieved. This review first focuses on the recent developments in PROTAC technology in terms of protein degradation, drug production, and treatment of central nervous system diseases, and then discusses its limitations. This review will provide a brief overview of the recent application of PROTAC technology in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- College of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nguyen KM, Busino L. Targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases DCAF15 and cereblon for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Drummond ML, Henry A, Li H, Williams CI. Improved Accuracy for Modeling PROTAC-Mediated Ternary Complex Formation and Targeted Protein Degradation via New In Silico Methodologies. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:5234-5254. [PMID: 32969649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extending upon our previous publication [Drummond, M.; J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2019, 59, 1634-1644], two additional computational methods are presented to model PROTAC-mediated ternary complex structures, which are then used to predict the efficacy of any accompanying protein degradation. Method 4B, an extension to one of our previous approaches, incorporates a clustering procedure uniquely suited for considering ternary complexes. Method 4B yields the highest proportion to date of crystal-like poses in modeled ternary complex ensembles, nearing 100% in two cases and always giving a hit rate of at least 10%. Techniques to further improve this performance for particularly troublesome cases are suggested and validated. This demonstrated ability to reliably reproduce known crystallographic ternary complex structures is further established through modeling of a newly released crystal structure. Moreover, for the far more common scenario where the structure of the ternary complex intermediate is unknown, the methods detailed in this work nonetheless consistently yield results that reliably follow experimental protein degradation trends, as established through seven retrospective case studies. These various case studies cover challenging yet common modeling situations, such as when the precise orientation of the PROTAC binding moiety in one (or both) of the protein pockets has not been experimentally established. Successful results are presented for one PROTAC targeting many proteins, for different PROTACs targeting the same protein, and even for degradation effected by an E3 ligase that has not been structurally characterized in a ternary complex. Overall, the computational modeling approaches detailed in this work should greatly facilitate PROTAC screening and design efforts, so that the many advantages of a PROTAC-based degradation approach can be effectively utilized both rapidly and at reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Henry
- Chemical Computing Group, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, United Kingdom
| | - Huifang Li
- Chemical Computing Group, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2R7, Canada
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Proteolysis-targeting chimeras mediate the degradation of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1669-1683. [PMID: 32893690 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family plays an important role in regulating gene transcription preferentially at super-enhancer regions and has been involved with several types of cancers as a candidate. Up to now, there are 16 pan-BET inhibitors in clinical trials, however, most of them have undesirable off-target and side-effects. The proteolysis-targeting chimeras technology through a heterobifunctional molecule to link the target protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase, causes the target's ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. By using this technology, the heterobifunctional small-molecule BET degraders can induce BET protein degradation. In this review, we discuss the advances in the drug discovery and development of BET-targeting proteolysis-targeting chimeras.
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Tomoshige S, Ishikawa M. PROTACs and Other Chemical Protein Degradation Technologies for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3346-3354. [PMID: 32410219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a group of diseases that cause neural cell damage, leading to motility and/or cognitive dysfunctions. One of the causative agents is misfolded protein aggregates, which are considered as undruggable in terms of conventional tools, such as inhibitors and agonists/antagonists. Indeed, there is currently no FDA-approved drug for the causal treatment of NDs. However, emerging technologies for chemical protein degradation are opening up the possibility of selective elimination of target proteins through physiological protein degradation machineries, which do not depend on the functions of the target proteins. Here, we review recent efforts towards the treatment of NDs using chemical protein degradation technologies, and we briefly discuss the challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Tomoshige
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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Saraswat A, Patki M, Fu Y, Barot S, Dukhande VV, Patel K. Nanoformulation of PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera targeting ‘undruggable’ c-Myc for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1761-1777. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the anticancer activity of a novel BRD4 protein degrader ARV-825 (ARV) and its nanoformulation development (ARV-NP) for treatment of pancreatic cancer. Materials & methods: ARV-NP were prepared using nanoprecipitation method and characterized for their physicochemical properties and various anticancer cell culture assays. Results: ARV-NP (89.63 ± 16.39 nm) demonstrated good physical stability, negligible hemolysis and improved half-life of ARV. ARV-NP showed significant cytotoxicity, apoptosis and anticlonogenic effect in pancreatic cancer cells. Significant downregulation of target proteins BRD4, c-Myc, Bcl-2 and upregulation of apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 was observed. Most importantly, ARV-NP treatment significantly inhibited the cell viability of 3D tumor spheroids of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: ARV-NP represents a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Saraswat
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yige Fu
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shrikant Barot
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vikas V Dukhande
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Neddylation promotes protein translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:991-997. [PMID: 32819610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neddylation is an ubiquitin-like modification of proteins that affects the activity, stability and protein-protein interaction of its substrates. Apart from its role as a promoter for Cullin ring E3 ligase to positively regulate the ubiquitylation process, other functional studies about neddylation are still lacking. In this study, we developed a system to explore the impact of neddylation on changes in the subcellular localization of proteins at the omics level. By applying a method combining subcellular protein extraction and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), 81 proteins with a tendency to shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to different neddylation levels were obtained. Among the 81 candidates, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45a (Gadd45a) were confirmed as novel substrates of Nedd8, and neddylation promotes TAK1 nuclear import as well as Gadd45a nuclear export.
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40
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Hoelzel CA, Zhang X. Visualizing and Manipulating Biological Processes by Using HaloTag and SNAP-Tag Technologies. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1935-1946. [PMID: 32180315 PMCID: PMC7367766 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing and manipulating the behavior of proteins is crucial to understanding the physiology of the cell. Methods of biorthogonal protein labeling are important tools to attain this goal. In this review, we discuss advances in probe technology specific for self-labeling protein tags, focusing mainly on the application of HaloTag and SNAP-tag systems. We describe the latest developments in small-molecule probes that enable fluorogenic (no wash) imaging and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. In addition, we cover several methodologies that enable the perturbation or manipulation of protein behavior and function towards the control of biological pathways. Thus, current technical advances in the HaloTag and SNAP-tag systems means that they are becoming powerful tools to enable the visualization and manipulation of biological processes, providing invaluable scientific insights that are difficult to obtain by traditional methodologies. As the multiplex of self-labeling protein tag systems continues to be developed and expanded, the utility of these protein tags will allow researchers to address previously inaccessible questions at the forefront of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner A Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA
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Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a new technology to selectively degrade target proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system. PROTAC molecules (PROTACs) are a class of heterobifunctional molecules, which contain a ligand targeting the protein of interest, a ligand recruiting an E3 ligase and a linker connecting these two ligands. They provide several advantages over traditional inhibitors in potency, selectivity and drug resistance. Thus, many promising PROTACs have been developed in the recent two decades, especially small-molecule PROTACs. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanism of PROTACs and focus on the progress of small-molecule PROTACs based on different E3 ligases. In addition, we also introduce the opportunities and challenges of small-molecule PROTACs for cancer therapy.
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Li MX, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Song L, Yang H, He M, Gao H, Song BL, Luo J, Rao Y. Degradation versus Inhibition: Development of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras for Overcoming Statin-Induced Compensatory Upregulation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4908-4928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qiuye Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences PHOENIX Center, Beijing Institute of LifeOmics, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ming He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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Swatek A, Staszczak M. Effect of Ferulic Acid, a Phenolic Inducer of Fungal Laccase, on 26S Proteasome Activities In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072463. [PMID: 32252291 PMCID: PMC7177946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent protease complex (2.5 MDa) that degrades most cellular proteins in Eukaryotes, typically those modified by a polyubiquitin chain. The proteasome-mediated proteolysis regulates a variety of critical cellular processes such as transcriptional control, cell cycle, oncogenesis, apoptosis, protein quality control, and stress response. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have shown that 26S proteasomes are involved in the regulation of ligninolytic enzymes (such as laccase) in white-rot fungi in response to nutrient starvation, cadmium exposure, and ER stress. Laccases are useful biocatalysts for a wide range of biotechnological applications. The goal of the current study was to determine the effect of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), a phenolic compound known to induce some ligninolytic enzymes, on proteasomes isolated from mycelia of the wood-decomposing basidiomycete Trametes versicolor. The peptidase activities of 26S proteasomes were assayed by measuring the hydrolysis of fluorogenic peptide substrates specific for each active site: Suc-LLVY-AMC, Z-GGR-AMC and Z-LLE-AMC for chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like site, respectively. Ferulic acid affected all peptidase activities of the 26S fungal proteasomes in a concentration-dependent manner. A possible inhibitory effect of ferulic acid on peptidase activities of the 26S human proteasomes was tested as well. Moreover, the ability of ferulic acid to inhibit (at concentrations known to induce laccase activity in white-rot fungi) the rate of 26S proteasome-catalyzed degradation of a model full-length protein substrate (β-casein) was demonstrated by a fluorescamine assay and by a gel-electrophoretic analysis. Our findings provide new insights into the role of ferulic acid in lignin-degrading fungi. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated by future studies.
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Zhou K, Mai H, Zheng S, Cai W, Yang X, Chen Z, Zhan B. OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 up-regulates ECT-2 to promote tumor progression in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:50. [PMID: 32257108 PMCID: PMC7106863 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background OTUB1 (ovarian tumor domain protease domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding proteins)-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) participates in carcinogenesis of various tumors. We aim to investigate the effect and mechanism of OTUB1/FOXM1 on RCC (renal cell carcinoma) progression. Expression levels of OTUB1 in RCC tissues and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was measured with CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) and colony formation assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion, respectively. The effect of OTUB1 on FOXM1 ubiquitination was examined by Immunoprecipitation. Western blot was used to uncover the underlying mechanism. In vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model combined with immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the tumorigenic function of OTUB1. Results OTUB1 was up-regulated in RCC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with poor prognosis of RCC patients. Knockdown of OTUB1 inhibited cell viability and proliferation, as well as migration and invasion of RCC cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of OTUB1 down-regulated FOXM1 expression by promoting its ubiquitination. Down-regulation of FOXM1 inhibited ECT2 (epithelial cell transforming 2)-mediated Rho signaling. Moreover, the inhibition of RCC progression caused by OTUB1 knockdown was reversed by FOXM1 over-expression. In vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model also revealed that knockdown of OTUB1 could suppress in vivo RCC growth via down-regulation of FOXM1-mediated ECT2 expression. Conclusions OTUB1-mediated deubiquitination of FOXM1 up-regulates ECT-2 to promote tumor progression in RCC, providing a new potential therapeutic target for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Haixing Mai
- 2Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Song Zheng
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Weizhong Cai
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Xu Yang
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Bin Zhan
- 1Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Feng F, Liu W, Sun H. Degradation of proteins by PROTACs and other strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:207-238. [PMID: 32082969 PMCID: PMC7016280 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking the biological functions of scaffold proteins and aggregated proteins is a challenging goal. PROTAC proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) technology may be the solution, considering its ability to selectively degrade target proteins. Recent progress in the PROTAC strategy include identification of the structure of the first ternary eutectic complex, extra-terminal domain-4-PROTAC-Von-Hippel-Lindau (BRD4-PROTAC-VHL), and PROTAC ARV-110 has entered clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer in 2019. These discoveries strongly proved the value of the PROTAC strategy. In this perspective, we summarized recent meaningful research of PROTAC, including the types of degradation proteins, preliminary biological data in vitro and in vivo, and new E3 ubiquitin ligases. Importantly, the molecular design, optimization strategy and clinical application of candidate molecules are highlighted in detail. Future perspectives for development of advanced PROTAC in medical fields have also been discussed systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Dai Y, Yue N, Gong J, Liu C, Li Q, Zhou J, Huang W, Qian H. Development of cell-permeable peptide-based PROTACs targeting estrogen receptor α. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111967. [PMID: 31865016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) could selectively degrade target protein and may become a promising strategy for treating estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive breast cancers. Here, we designed penetrated peptide-based PROTACs by constructing an N-terminal lactam cyclic to improve proteolytic stability and cell penetration. We used a lactam cyclic peptide as ERα binding ligand, 6-aminocaproic acid as a linker, and a hydroxylated pentapeptide structure for recruiting E3 ligase to obtain heterobifunctional compounds. The resulting optimized compound I-6 selectively recruited ERα to the E3 ligase complex for promoting the degradation of ERα. Compound I-6 possessed strong effect on MCF-7 cell toxicity (IC50 ∼9.7 μM) and significantly enhanced activities in inducing ERα degradation. Meanwhile, I-6 performed much stronger potency in inhibition of tumors growth than tamoxifen. This work is a successful template to construct PROTACs based on cell-permeable peptides, which could extend the chemical space of PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Dai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, PR China
| | - Na Yue
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Junni Gong
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qifei Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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Ning F, Xin H, Liu J, Lv C, Xu X, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang X. Structure and function of USP5: Insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles. Pharmacol Res 2019; 157:104557. [PMID: 31756387 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase (DUB)-mediated cleavage of ubiquitin chains from substrate proteins plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, such as DNA repair and protein stabilization and localization. DUBs can be classified into five families based on their sequence and structural homology, and the majority belong to the ubiquitin-specific proteinase (USP) family. As one of the USPs, ubiquitin-specific proteinase 5 (USP5) is unique in that it can specifically recognize unanchored (not conjugated to target proteins) polyubiquitin and is essential for maintaining homeostasis of the monoubiquitin pool. USP5 has also been implicated in a wide variety of cellular events. In the present review, we focus on USP5 and provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding its structure, physiological roles in multiple cellular events, and pathophysiological roles in relevant diseases, especially cancer. Signaling pathways and emerging pharmacological profiles of USP5 are also introduced, which fully embody the therapeutic potential of USP5 for human diseases ranging from cancer to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Center for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Xia LW, Ba MY, Liu W, Cheng W, Hu CP, Zhao Q, Yao YF, Sun MR, Duan YT. Triazol: a privileged scaffold for proteolysis targeting chimeras. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2919-2973. [PMID: 31702389 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current traditional drugs such as enzyme inhibitors and receptor agonists/antagonists present inherent limitations due to occupancy-driven pharmacology as the mode of action. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are composed of an E3 ligand, a connecting linker and a target protein ligand, and are an attractive approach to specifically knockdown-targeted proteins utilizing an event-driven mode of action. The length, hydrophilicity and rigidity of connecting linkers play important role in creating a successful PROTAC. Some PROTACs with a triazole linker have displayed promising anticancer activity. This review provides an overview of PROTACs with a triazole scaffold and discusses its structure-activity relationship. Important milestones in the development of PROTACs are addressed and a critical analysis of this drug discovery strategy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meng-Yu Ba
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics & Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics & Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Chao-Ping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mo-Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan New Drug Research & Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yong-Tao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics & Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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49
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Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have received much attention for their promising therapeutic intervention in recent years. These molecules, with the mechanism of simultaneous recruitment of target protein and an E3 ligase, can trigger the cellular ubiquitin–proteasome system to degrade the target proteins. This article systematically introduces the mechanism of small-molecule PROTACs, and summarized the research progress of small-molecule PROTACs. The prospect for further application and the problems to be solved are also discussed.
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50
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Wu H, Yang K, Zhang Z, Leisten ED, Li Z, Xie H, Liu J, Smith KA, Novakova Z, Barinka C, Tang W. Development of Multifunctional Histone Deacetylase 6 Degraders with Potent Antimyeloma Activity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7042-7057. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zora Novakova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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