1
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Qi C, Li X, Li Q, Shi X, Xia MC, Chen Y, Wang Z, Abliz Z. Mass Spectrometry Imaging for the Characterization of C═C Localization in Unsaturated Lipid Isomers at the Single-Cell Level. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39269953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids with carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. While mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been employed to map the distribution of lipid isomers in tissue sections, the identification of lipid C═C positional isomers at the single-cell level using MSI poses a significant challenge. In this study, we developed a novel approach utilizing ToF-SIMS in conjunction with the Paternò-Büchi (P-B) photochemical reaction to characterize the C═C localization in unsaturated lipid isomers at the single-cell level. The P-B reaction was employed to produce adduct products, which were subsequently subjected to collision-induced dissociation by the primary ion beam of ToF-SIMS to generate characteristic ion pairs indicative of the presence of C═C bonds. Utilizing this approach, lipid isomers in brain and skeletal tissues from mice, as well as different cell lines, were visualized at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, distinct variations in the composition of FA 18:1 isomers across different microregions and cell types were revealed. Our P-B ToF-SIMS approach enables the accurate identification and characterization of complex lipid structures with remarkable spatial resolution and can be helpful in understanding the physiological role of these C═C positional isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Qi
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoni Li
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng-Chan Xia
- National Narcotics Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing 100164, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Hořejší K, Holčapek M. Unraveling the complexity of glycosphingolipidome: the key role of mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of glycosphingolipids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05475-7. [PMID: 39138658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are a highly heterogeneous class of lipids representing the majority of the sphingolipid category. GSL are fundamental constituents of cellular membranes that have key roles in various biological processes, such as cellular signaling, recognition, and adhesion. Understanding the structural complexity of GSL is pivotal for unraveling their functional significance in a biological context, specifically their crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a versatile and indispensable tool for the structural elucidation of GSL enabling a deeper understanding of their complex molecular structures and their key roles in cellular dynamics and patholophysiology. Here, we provide a thorough overview of MS techniques tailored for the analysis of GSL, emphasizing their utility in probing GSL intricate structures to advance our understanding of the functional relevance of GSL in health and disease. The application of tandem MS using diverse fragmentation techniques, including novel ion activation methodologies, in studying glycan sequences, linkage positions, and fatty acid composition is extensively discussed. Finally, we address current challenges, such as the detection of low-abundance species and the interpretation of complex spectra, and offer insights into potential solutions and future directions by improving MS instrumentation for enhanced sensitivity and resolution, developing novel ionization techniques, or integrating MS with other analytical approaches for comprehensive GSL characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hořejší
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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3
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Liang Z, Guo Y, Diao X, Prentice BM. Enhancing Spatial Resolution in Tandem Mass Spectrometry Ion/Ion Reaction Imaging Experiments through Image Fusion. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1797-1805. [PMID: 38954826 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We have recently developed a charge inversion ion/ion reaction to selectively derivatize phosphatidylserine lipids via gas-phase Schiff base formation. This tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) workflow enables the separation and detection of isobaric lipids in imaging mass spectrometry, but the images acquired using this workflow are limited to relatively poor spatial resolutions due to the current time and limit of detection requirements for these ion/ion reaction imaging mass spectrometry experiments. This trade-off between chemical specificity and spatial resolution can be overcome by using computational image fusion, which combines complementary information from multiple images. Herein, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept workflow that fuses a low spatial resolution (i.e., 125 μm) ion/ion reaction product ion image with higher spatial resolution (i.e., 25 μm) ion images from a full scan experiment performed using the same tissue section, which results in a predicted ion/ion reaction product ion image with a 5-fold improvement in spatial resolution. Linear regression, random forest regression, and two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2-D CNN) predictive models were tested for this workflow. Linear regression and 2D CNN models proved optimal for predicted ion/ion images of PS 40:6 and SHexCer d38:1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yingchan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xizheng Diao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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4
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Brydon SC, Poad BLJ, Fang M, Rustam YH, Young RSE, Mouradov D, Sieber OM, Mitchell TW, Reid GE, Blanksby SJ, Marshall DL. Cross-Validation of Lipid Structure Assignment Using Orthogonal Ion Activation Modalities on the Same Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1976-1990. [PMID: 39037040 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The onset and progression of cancer is associated with changes in the composition of the lipidome. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these disease states requires detailed structural characterization of the individual lipids within the complex cellular milieu. Recently, changes in the unsaturation profile of membrane lipids have been observed in cancer cells and tissues, but assigning the position(s) of carbon-carbon double bonds in fatty acyl chains carried by membrane phospholipids, including the resolution of lipid regioisomers, has proven analytically challenging. Conventional tandem mass spectrometry approaches based on collision-induced dissociation of ionized glycerophospholipids do not yield spectra that are indicative of the location(s) of carbon-carbon double bonds. Ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) have emerged as alternative ion activation modalities wherein diagnostic product ions can enable de novo assignment of position(s) of unsaturation based on predictable fragmentation behaviors. Here, for the first time, OzID and UVPD (193 nm) mass spectra are acquired on the same mass spectrometer to evaluate the relative performance of the two modalities for lipid identification and to interrogate the respective fragmentation pathways under comparable conditions. Based on investigations of lipid standards, fragmentation rules for each technique are expanded to increase confidence in structural assignments and exclude potential false positives. Parallel application of both methods to unsaturated phosphatidylcholines extracted from isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines provides high confidence in the assignment of multiple double bond isomers in these samples and cross-validates relative changes in isomer abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Brydon
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Mengxuan Fang
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yepy H Rustam
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalized Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalized Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- Molecular Horizons and School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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5
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Huang L, Huang M, Zhou T. Efficient Strategy for Characterization and Quantification of Polyunsaturated Lipids by Microwave-Assisted MMPP Epoxidation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11189-11197. [PMID: 38965741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Lipids play integral roles in biological processes, with carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C) markedly influencing their structure and function. Precise characterization and quantification of unsaturated lipids are crucial for understanding lipid physiology and discovering disease biomarkers. However, using mass spectrometry for these purposes presents significant challenges. In this study, we developed a microwave-assisted magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate (MMPP) epoxidation reaction, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to analyze unsaturated lipids. Microwave irradiation expedited the MMPP epoxidation, achieving complete derivatization in 10 min without byproducts. A diagnostic ion pair, displaying a 16 Da mass difference, effectively identified the location of the C═C bond in mass spectra. Microwave irradiation also significantly facilitated the epoxidation reaction of polyunsaturated lipids, achieving yields greater than 85% and yielding a complete epoxidation product. This simplifies chromatographic separation and aids in accurate quantification. Additionally, a purification process was implemented to remove excess derivatization reagents, significantly reducing mass spectrometry response suppression and enhancing analytical reproducibility. The method's effectiveness was validated by analyzing unsaturated lipids in rat plasma from a type I diabetes model. We quantified nine unsaturated lipids and characterized 42 fatty acids and glycerophospholipids. The results indicated that unsaturated fatty acids increased in diabetic plasma while unsaturated glycerophospholipids decreased. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Δ9/Δ11 isomer pairs also exhibited a close association with diabetes. In conclusion, microwave-assisted MMPP epoxidation coupled with LC-MS/MS provides an effective strategy for characterization and quantification of polyunsaturated lipids, offering deeper insight into the physiological impact of unsaturated lipids in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minhan Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang D, Wu J, Zhang W, Xia Y. Illuminating the dark space of neutral glycosphingolipidome by selective enrichment and profiling at multi-structural levels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5627. [PMID: 38965283 PMCID: PMC11224418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are essential components of cell membranes, particularly enriched in the nervous system. Altered molecular distributions of GSLs are increasingly associated with human diseases, emphasizing the significance of lipidomic profiling. Traditional GSL analysis methods are hampered by matrix effect from phospholipids and the difficulty in distinguishing structural isomers. Herein, we introduce a highly sensitive workflow that harnesses magnetic TiO2 nanoparticle-based selective enrichment, charge-tagging Paternò-Büchi reaction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This approach enables mapping over 300 distinct GSLs in brain tissues by defining sugar types, long chain bases, N-acyl chains, and the locations of desaturation and hydroxylation. Relative quantitation of GSLs across multiple structural levels provides evidence of dysregulated gene and protein expressions of FA2H and CerS2 in human glioma tissue. Based on the structural features of GSLs, our method accurately differentiates human glioma with/without isocitrate dehydrogenase genetic mutation, and normal brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junhan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Department of Precision Instrument, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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7
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Cerrato A, Cavaliere C, Laganà A, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Sciarra A, Taglioni E, Capriotti AL. First Proof of Concept of a Click Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for Assigning the Regiochemistry of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds in Untargeted Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10817-10826. [PMID: 38874982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipidomics by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a prominent tool in clinical chemistry due to the proven connections between lipid dysregulation and the insurgence of pathologies. However, it is difficult to achieve structural characterization beyond the fatty acid level by HRMS, especially when it comes to the regiochemistry of carbon-carbon double bonds, which play a major role in determining the properties of cell membranes. Several approaches have been proposed for elucidating the regiochemistry of double bonds, such as derivatization before MS analysis by photochemical reactions, which have shown great potential for their versatility but have the unavoidable drawback of splitting the MS signal. Among other possible approaches for derivatizing electron-rich double bonds, the emerging inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with tetrazines stands out for its unmatchable kinetics and has found several applications in basic biology and protein imaging. In this study, a catalyst-free click IEDDA reaction was employed for the first time to pinpoint carbon-carbon double bonds in free and conjugated fatty acids. Fatty acid and glycerophospholipid regioisomers were analyzed alone and in combination, demonstrating that the IEDDA reaction had click character and allowed the obtention of diagnostic product ions following MS/MS fragmentation as well as the possibility of performing relative quantitation of lipid regioisomers. The IEDDA protocol was later employed in an untargeted lipidomics study on plasma samples of patients suffering from prostate cancer and benign prostatic conditions, confirming the applicability of the proposed reaction to complex matrices of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Maternal and Child and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Enrico Taglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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8
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Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Christensen T, Stark KD. Lipidomic and Fatty Acid Biomarkers in Whole Blood Can Predict the Dietary Intake of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in a Danish Population. J Nutr 2024; 154:2108-2119. [PMID: 38710305 PMCID: PMC11282468 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been associated with health benefits. Blood levels of these fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography (GC), are associated with their dietary intake, but the relationships with lipidomic measurements are not well defined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the lipidomic biomarkers in whole blood that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and examine the relationship between lipidomic and GC-based n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) biomarkers. METHODS Lipidomic and fatty acid analyses were completed on 120 whole blood samples collected from Danish participants. Dietary intakes were completed using a web-based 7-d food diary. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the fatty acid and lipidomic variables that predict intakes of EPA + DHA and to determine lipidomic species that predict commonly used fatty acid biomarkers. RESULTS Stepwise regression selected lipidomic variables with an R2 = 0.52 for predicting EPA + DHA intake compared to R2 = 0.40 for the selected fatty acid GC-based variables. More predictive models were generated when the lipidomic variables were selected for females only (R2 = 0.62, n = 68) and males only (R2 = 0.72, n = 52). Phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species containing EPA or DHA tended to be the most predictive lipidomic variables. Stepwise regression also indicated that selected lipidomic variables can predict commonly used fatty acid GC-based n-3 PUFA biomarkers as the R2 values ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. CONCLUSIONS Both fatty acid and lipidomic data can be used to predict EPA + DHA intakes, and fatty acid GC-based biomarkers can be emulated by lipidomic species. Lipidomic-based biomarkers appear to be influenced by sex differences, probably in n-3 PUFA and lipoprotein metabolism. These results improve our ability to understand the relationship between novel lipidomic data and GC fatty acid data and will increase our ability to apply lipidomic methods to fatty acid and lipid nutritional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Aristizabal-Henao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Platforms and Translational Sciences, BPGbio Inc., Framingham, MA, United States
| | | | - Tue Christensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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9
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Nsiah ST, Fabijanczuk KC, McLuckey SA. Structural characterization of fatty acid anions via gas-phase charge inversion using Mg(tri-butyl-terpyridine) 2 2+ reagent ions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9741. [PMID: 38567638 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Free fatty acids and lipid classes containing fatty acid esters are major components of lipidome. In the absence of a chemical derivatization step, FA anions do not yield all of the structural information that may be of interest under commonly used collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. A line of work that avoids condensed-phase derivatization takes advantage of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry to charge invert FA anions to an ion type that provides the structural information of interest using conventional CID. This work was motivated by the potential for significant improvement in overall efficiency for obtaining FA chain structural information. METHODS A hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometer that has been modified to enable the execution of ion/ion reaction experiments was used to evaluate the use of 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (ttb-Terpy) as the ligand in divalent magnesium complexes for charge inversion of FA anions. RESULTS Mg(ttb-Terpy)2 2+ complexes provide significantly improved efficiency in producing structurally informative products from FA ions relative to Mg(Terpy)2 2+ complexes, as demonstrated for straight-chain FAs, branched-chain FAs, unsaturated FAs, and cyclopropane-containing FAs. It was discovered that most of the structurally informative fragmentation from [FA-H + Mg(ttb-Terpy)]+ results from the loss of a methyl radical from the ligand followed by radical-directed dissociation (RDD), which stands in contrast to the charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) believed to be operative with the [FA-H + Mg(Terpy)]+ ions. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that a large fraction of product ions from the CID of ions of the form [FA-H + Mg(ttb-Terpy)]+ are derived from RDD of the FA backbone, with a very minor fraction arising from structurally uninformative dissociation channels. This ligand provides an alternative to previously used ligands for the structural characterization of FAs via CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Nsiah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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10
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Cheng S, Cao C, Qian Y, Yao H, Gong X, Dai X, Ouyang Z, Ma X. High-throughput single-cell mass spectrometry enables metabolic network analysis by resolving phospholipid C[double bond, length as m-dash]C isomers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6314-6320. [PMID: 38699276 PMCID: PMC11062128 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) is an essential technology for sensitive and multiplexed analysis of metabolites and lipids for cell phenotyping and pathway studies. However, the structural elucidation of lipids from single cells remains a challenge, especially in the high-throughput scenario. Technically, there is a contradiction between the inadequate sample amount (i.e. a single cell, 0.5-20 pL) for replicate or multiple analysis, on the one hand, and the high metabolite coverage and multidimensional structure analysis that needs to be performed for each single cell, on the other hand. Here, we have developed a high-throughput single-cell MS platform that can perform both lipid profiling and lipid carbon-carbon double bond (C[double bond, length as m-dash]C) location isomer resolution analysis, aided by C[double bond, length as m-dash]C activation in unsaturated lipids by the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction and tandem MS, termed single-cell structural lipidomics analysis. The method can achieve a single-cell analysis throughput of 51 cells per minute. A total of 145 lipids were structurally characterized at the subclass level, of which the relative abundance of 17 isomeric lipids differing in the location of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C from 5 lipid precursors was determined. While cell-to-cell variations in MS1-based lipid profiling can be large, an advantage of quantifying lipid C[double bond, length as m-dash]C location isomers is the significantly improved quantitation accuracy. For example, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the relative amounts of PC 34:1 C[double bond, length as m-dash]C position isomers in MDA-MB-468 cells are half smaller than those measured for PC 34:1 as a whole by MS1 abundance profiling. Taken together, the developed method can be effectively used for in-depth structural lipid metabolism network analysis by high-throughput analysis of 142 MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Cheng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology Bejing 100029 China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology Bejing 100029 China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology Bejing 100029 China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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11
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Asef C, Vallejo DD, Fernández FM. Triboelectric Nanogenerators for the Masses: A Low-Cost Do-It-Yourself Pulsed Ion Source for Sample-Limited Applications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:943-950. [PMID: 38623743 PMCID: PMC11066968 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are useful devices for converting mechanical motion into electric current using readily available materials. Though the applications for these devices span across many fields, TENG can be leveraged for mass spectrometry (MS) as inexpensive and effective power supplies for pulsed nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI). The inherently discontinuous spray provided by TENG is particularly useful in scenarios where high sample economy is imperative, as in the case of ultraprecious samples. Previous work has shown the utility of TENG MS as a highly sensitive technique capable of yielding quality spectra from only a few microliters of sample at low micromolar concentrations. As the field of miniaturized, fieldable mass spectrometers grows, it remains critical to develop advanced ion sources with similarly small power requirements and footprints. Here, we present a redesigned TENG ion source with a sub-1000 USD material cost, lower power consumption, reduced footprint, and improved capabilities. We validate the performance of this new device for a diverse set of applications, including lipid double bond localization and native protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter
K. Asef
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Daniel D. Vallejo
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit
Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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12
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Anderson BJ, Brademan DR, He Y, Overmyer KA, Coon JJ. LipiDex 2 Integrates MS n Tree-Based Fragmentation Methods and Quality Control Modules to Improve Discovery Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6715-6723. [PMID: 38640432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As lipidomics experiments increase in scale and complexity, data processing tools must support workflows for new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods while simultaneously supporting quality controls to maximize the confidence in lipid identifications. LipiDex 2 improves lipidomics data processing algorithms from LipiDex 1 and introduces new tools for spectral matching and peak annotation functions, with improvements in speed and user-friendliness. In silico spectral library generation now supports tandem mass spectral (MSn) tree-based fragmentation methods, and the LipiDex 2 workflow fully integrates the fragmentation logic into the data processing steps to enable lipid identification at the appropriate level of structural resolution. Finally, LipiDex 2 features new modules for automated quality control checks that also allow users to visualize data quality in a data dashboard user interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benton J Anderson
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dain R Brademan
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Katherine A Overmyer
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Yang L, Yuan J, Yu B, Hu S, Bai Y. Sample preparation for fatty acid analysis in biological samples with mass spectrometry-based strategies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2371-2387. [PMID: 38319358 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) have attracted many interests for their pivotal roles in many biological processes. Imbalance of FAs is related to a variety of diseases, which makes the measurement of them important in biological samples. Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable technique for the analysis of FAs owing to its high sensitivity and precision. Due to complex matrix effect of biological samples and inherent poor ionization efficiency of FAs in MS, sample preparation including extraction and chemical derivatization prior to analysis are often employed. Here, we describe an updated overview of FA extraction techniques, as well as representative derivatization methods utilized in different MS platforms including gas chromatography-MS, liquid chromatography-MS, and mass spectrometry imaging based on different chain lengths of FAs. Derivatization strategies for the identification of double bond location in unsaturated FAs are also summarized and highlighted. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of these methods are compared and discussed. This review provides the development and valuable information for sample pretreatment approaches and qualitative and quantitative analysis of interested FAs using different MS-based platforms in complex biological matrices. Finally, the challenges of FA analysis are summarized and the future perspectives are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Guo X, Cao W, Fan X, Chen Q, Wu L, Ma X, Ouyang Z, Zhang W. MS 3 Imaging Enables the Simultaneous Analysis of Phospholipid C═C and sn-Position Isomers in Tissues. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4259-4265. [PMID: 38418962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging of lipids in tissues with high structure specificity is challenging in the effective fragmentation of position-selective structures and the sensitive detection of multiple lipid isomers. Herein, we develop an MS3 imaging method for the simultaneous analysis of phospholipid C═C and sn-position isomers by on-tissue photochemical derivatization, nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), and a dual-linear ion trap MS system. A novel laser-based sensing probe is developed for the real-time adjustment of the probe-to-surface distance for nano-DESI. This method is validated in mouse brain and kidney sections, showing its capability of sensitive resolving and imaging of the fatty acyl chain composition, the sn-position, and the C═C location of phospholipids in an MS3 scan. MS3 imaging of phospholipids has shown the capability of differentiation of cancerous, fibrosis, and adjacent normal regions in liver cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Lun Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Song X, Zare RN. The power of microdroplet photochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3670-3672. [PMID: 38454998 PMCID: PMC10915808 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents compelling evidence demonstrating that irradiation of the air-solution interface, whether achieved through the spraying of microdroplets into the air or by bubbling air through a solution, significantly accelerates the rate of photochemical reactions by orders of magnitude compared to identical reaction conditions in bulk solutions. We propose this approach as a novel and versatile method for harnessing solar energy in chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
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16
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Ma X, Fernández FM. Advances in mass spectrometry imaging for spatial cancer metabolomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:235-268. [PMID: 36065601 PMCID: PMC9986357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a central technique in cancer research. The ability to analyze various types of biomolecules in complex biological matrices makes it well suited for understanding biochemical alterations associated with disease progression. Different biological samples, including serum, urine, saliva, and tissues have been successfully analyzed using mass spectrometry. In particular, spatial metabolomics using MS imaging (MSI) allows the direct visualization of metabolite distributions in tissues, thus enabling in-depth understanding of cancer-associated biochemical changes within specific structures. In recent years, MSI studies have been increasingly used to uncover metabolic reprogramming associated with cancer development, enabling the discovery of key biomarkers with potential for cancer diagnostics. In this review, we aim to cover the basic principles of MSI experiments for the nonspecialists, including fundamentals, the sample preparation process, the evolution of the mass spectrometry techniques used, and data analysis strategies. We also review MSI advances associated with cancer research in the last 5 years, including spatial lipidomics and glycomics, the adoption of three-dimensional and multimodal imaging MSI approaches, and the implementation of artificial intelligence/machine learning in MSI-based cancer studies. The adoption of MSI in clinical research and for single-cell metabolomics is also discussed. Spatially resolved studies on other small molecule metabolites such as amino acids, polyamines, and nucleotides/nucleosides will not be discussed in the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Feng G, Gao M, Chen H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tong Y, Wu P, Fu R, Lin Y, Chen S. Stable-Isotope N-Me Aziridination Enables Accurate Quantitative C═C Isomeric Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2524-2533. [PMID: 38308578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate lipid quantification is essential to revealing their roles in physiological and pathological processes. However, difficulties in the structural resolution of lipid isomers hinder their further accurate quantification. To address this challenge, we developed a novel stable-isotope N-Me aziridination strategy that enables simultaneous qualification and quantification of unsaturated lipid isomers. The one-step introduction of the 1-methylaziridine structure not only serves as an activating group for the C═C bond to facilitate positional identification but also as an isotopic inserter to achieve accurate relative quantification. The high performance of this reaction for the identification of unsaturated lipids was verified by large-scale resolution of the C═C positions of 468 lipids in serum. More importantly, by using this bifunctional duplex labeling method, various unsaturated lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerides, and cholesterol ester were accurately and individually quantified at the C═C bond isomeric level during the mouse brain ischemia. This study provides a new approach to quantitative structural lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Ming Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Zhourui Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yongjia Tong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Suming Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
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18
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Harris RA, May JC, Harvey SR, Wysocki VH, McLean JA. Evaluation of Surface-Induced Dissociation Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Structural Characterization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:214-223. [PMID: 38215279 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of the lipidome has necessitated the development of novel analytical approaches for the identification and structural analysis of morphologically diverse classes of lipids. At this time, a variety of dissociation techniques have been utilized to probe lipid decomposition pathways in search of structurally diagnostic fragment ions. Here, we investigate the application of surface-induced dissociation (SID), a fragmentation technique that imparts energy to the target molecule via collision with a coated surface, for the fragmentation of seven lipids across four major lipid subclasses. We have developed a tuning methodology for guiding the efficient operation of a previously developed custom SID device for molecules as small as ca. 300 Da with ion mobility analysis of the fragmentation products. SID fragmentation of the various lipids analyzed was found to generate fragment ions similar to those observed in CID spectra, but fragment ion lab frame onset energies were lower in SID due to the higher energy deposition via a more massive target. For the largest lipid evaluated (cardiolipin 18:1), SID produced chain fragment ions, which yielded analytically useful information regarding the composition of the acyl tails. Ion mobility provided an orthogonal dimension of separation and aided in assigning product ions to their precursors. Overall, the combination of SID and IM-MS is another potential methodology in the analytical toolkit for lipid structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jody C May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sophie R Harvey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vicki H Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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19
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Li Y, Bai J, Tseng K, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang J, Sun W, Guo Y. Intramolecular Ring-Chain Equilibrium Elimination Strategy for Pinpointing C═C Positional and Geometric Isomers of N-Alkylpyridinium Unsaturated Fatty Acid Derivatives via Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1977-1984. [PMID: 38258619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Free unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) are key intermediates of lipid metabolism and participate in many metabolic pathways with specific biological functions. Although various fragmentation-based methods for pinpointing C═C locations in UFA were developed, the current mass spectrometry methods are difficult to simultaneously differentiate geometric isomers and positional isomers in trace samples due to low ionization efficiency, low conversion, and low resolution. Herein, an intramolecular ring-chain equilibrium elimination strategy via 4-plex stable isotope labeling dual derivatization-assisted ion mobility-mass spectrometry was developed, thereby one-pot specifically labeling C═C and carboxyl groups among the trace and unstable UFA with high sensitivity, high efficiency, and good substrate generality. It achieved fast separation of both C═C positional and geometric isomers with high resolution, which benefited from eliminating the intramolecular ring-chain equilibrium by suppressing the formation of salt bridges between free carboxyl groups and pyridine cations. 4-plex stable isotope labeling reagents showed similar reactivity, enabling high-throughput quantitative analysis of omics. This method was successfully applied for accurate and rapid identification of the UFA composition in olive oil extract. These results suggest that the developed method provides new insight for rapid characterization of UFA C═C positional and geometric isomers in complex samples to explore disease biomarkers and food quality control indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kuofeng Tseng
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Wang Z, Yang T, Brenna JT, Wang DH. Fatty acid isomerism: analysis and selected biological functions. Food Funct 2024; 15:1071-1088. [PMID: 38197562 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The biological functions of fatty acids and the lipids in which they are esterified are determined by their chain length, double bond position and geometry and other structural motifs such as the presence of methyl branches. Unusual isomeric features in fatty acids of human foods such as conjugated double bonds or chain branching found in dairy products, some seeds and nuts, and marine foods potentially have important effects on human health. Recent advancements in identifying fatty acids with unusual double bond positions and pinpointing the position of methyl branches have empowered the study of their biological functions. We present recent advances in fatty acid structural elucidation by mass spectrometry in comparison with the more traditional methods. The double bond position can be determined by purely instrumental methods, specifically solvent-mediated covalent adduct chemical ionization (SM-CACI) and ozone induced dissociation (OzID), with charge inversion methods showing promise. Prior derivatization using the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction to yield stable structures that, upon collisional activation, yield the double bond position has emerged. The chemical ionization (CI) based three ion monitoring (MRM) method has been developed to simultaneously identify and quantify low-level branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs), unattainable by electron ionization (EI) based methods. Accurate identification and quantification of unusual fatty acid isomers has led to research progress in the discovery of biomarkers for cancer, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis. Modulation of eicosanoids, weight loss and the health significance of BCFAs are also presented. This review clearly shows that the improvement of analytical capacity is critical in the study of fatty acid biological functions, and stronger coupling of the methods discussed here with fatty acid mechanistic research is promising in generating more refined outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tingxiang Yang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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21
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Li H, Xiong Q, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang K, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yi L. Mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization enables high throughput mass spectrometric analysis of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine isomers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:371-377. [PMID: 37965845 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are closely related to coronary heart disease, such as myocardial infarction. The analysis of the deep structure of PCs is of great significance for exploring the effects of exercise rehabilitation and lipid metabolism. Here, we present a mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization method for rapid screening and accurate identification of the CC position and sn-location isomer of PCs. This method is simple to execute and easily implementable for routine analysis. The accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCs and isomers facilitates the discovery of biomarkers for exercise rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qian Xiong
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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22
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Edwards M, Freitas DP, Hirtzel EA, White N, Wang H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Sun Y, Yan X. Interfacial Electromigration for Analysis of Biofluid Lipids in Small Volumes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18557-18563. [PMID: 38050376 PMCID: PMC10862378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biomarkers within the field of disease diagnostics and can serve as indicators of disease progression and predictors of treatment effectiveness. Although lipids can provide important insight into how diseases initiate and progress, mass spectrometric methods for lipid characterization and profiling are limited due to lipid structural diversity, particularly the presence of various lipid isomers. Moreover, the difficulty of handling small-volume samples exacerbates the intricacies of biological analyses. In this work, we have developed a strategy that electromigrates a thin film of a small-volume biological sample directly to the air-liquid interface formed at the tip of a theta capillary. Importantly, we seamlessly integrated in situ biological lipid extraction with accelerated chemical derivatization, enabled by the air-liquid interface, and conducted isomeric structural characterization within a unified platform utilizing theta capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, all tailored for small-volume sample analysis. We applied this unified platform to the analysis of lipids from small-volume human plasma and Alzheimer's disease mouse serum samples. Accelerated electro-epoxidation of unsaturated lipids at the interface allowed us to characterize lipid double-bond positional isomers. The unique application of electromigration of a thin film to the air-liquid interface in combination with accelerated interfacial reactions holds great potential in small-volume sample analysis for disease diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison
E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas P. Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin A. Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicholas White
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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23
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Zeng Q, Xia MC, Yin X, Cheng S, Xue Z, Tan S, Gong X, Ye Z. Recent developments in ionization techniques for single-cell mass spectrometry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1293533. [PMID: 38130875 PMCID: PMC10733462 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1293533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The variation among individual cells plays a significant role in many biological functions. Single-cell analysis is advantageous for gaining insight into intricate biochemical mechanisms rarely accessible when studying tissues as a whole. However, measurement on a unicellular scale is still challenging due to unicellular complex composition, minute substance quantities, and considerable differences in compound concentrations. Mass spectrometry has recently gained extensive attention in unicellular analytical fields due to its exceptional sensitivity, throughput, and compound identification abilities. At present, single-cell mass spectrometry primarily concentrates on the enhancement of ionization methods. The principal ionization approaches encompass nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI), laser desorption ionization (LDI), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). This article summarizes the most recent advancements in ionization techniques and explores their potential directions within the field of single-cell mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zeng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Chan Xia
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Cheng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Xue
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Sengupta A, Edwards ME, Yan X. Dual Metal Electrolysis in Theta Capillary for Lipid Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 494:117137. [PMID: 38911479 PMCID: PMC11192522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2023.117137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing studies associating glycerophospholipids with various pathological conditions highlight the need for their thorough characterization. However, the intricate composition of the lipidome due to the presence of lipid isomers poses significant challenges to structural lipidomics. This study uses the anodic corrosion of two metals in a single theta nESI emitter as a tool to simultaneously characterize lipids at multiple isomer levels. Anodic corrosion of cobalt and copper in the positive ion mode generates the metal-adducted lipid complexes, [M+Co]2+ and [M+Cu]+, respectively. Optimization of parameters such as the distances of the electrodes from the nESI tip allowed the achievement of the formation of one metal-adducted lipid product at a time. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [M+Co]2+ results in preferential loss of the fatty acyl (FA) chain at the sn-2 position, thus generating singly charged sn-specific fragment ions. Whereas, multistage fragmentation of [M+Cu]+ via CID generated a C=C bond position-specific characteristic ion pattern induced by the π-Cu+ interaction. The feasibility of the method was tested on PC lipid extract from egg yolk to identify lipids on multiple isomer levels. Thus, the application of dual metal anodic corrosion allows lipid isomer identification with reduced sample preparation time, no signal suppression by counter anions, low sample consumption, and no need for an extra apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Madison E. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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25
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Yan T, Liang Z, Prentice BM. Imaging and Structural Characterization of Phosphatidylcholine Isomers from Rat Brain Tissue Using Sequential Collision-Induced Dissociation/Electron-Induced Dissociation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15707-15715. [PMID: 37818979 PMCID: PMC10639000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemical complexity of biological tissues creates challenges in the analysis of lipids via imaging mass spectrometry. The presence of isobaric and isomeric compounds introduces chemical noise that makes it difficult to unambiguously identify and accurately map the spatial distributions of these compounds. Electron-induced dissociation (EID) has previously been shown to profile phosphatidylcholine (PCs) sn-isomers directly from rat brain tissue in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry. However, the acquisition of true pixel-by-pixel images, as opposed to regional profiling measurements, using EID is difficult due to low fragmentation efficiency and precursor ion signal dilution into multiple fragment ion channels, resulting in low sensitivity. In this work, we have developed a sequential collision-induced dissociation (CID)/EID method to visualize the distribution of sn-isomers in MALDI imaging mass spectrometry experiments. Briefly, CID is performed on sodium-adducted PCs, which results in facile loss of the phosphocholine headgroup. This ion is then subjected to an EID analysis. Since the lipid headgroup is removed prior to EID, a major fragmentation pathway common to EID ion activation is eliminated, resulting in a more sensitive analysis. This sequential CID/EID workflow generates sn-specific fragment ions allowing for the assignment of the sn-positions. Carbon-carbon double-bond (C═C) positions are also localized along the fatty acyl tails by the presence of a 2 Da shift pattern in the fragment ions arising from carbon-carbon bond cleavages. Moreover, the integration of the CID/EID method into MALDI imaging mass spectrometry enables the mapping of the absolute and relative distribution of sn-isomers at every pixel. The localized relative abundances of sn-isomers vary throughout brain substructures and likely reflect different biological functions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Zhongling Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Boone M. Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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26
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Hu W, Niu J, Bao R, Dong C, Girmay HS, Xu C, Han Y. Selective Characterization of Olefins by Paternò-Büchi Reaction with Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15342-15349. [PMID: 37728182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum olefins play important roles in various secondary processing procedures and are important feedstocks for the modern organic chemical industry. It is quite challenging to analyze petroleum olefins beyond the gas chromatography (GC)-able range using mass spectrometry (MS) due to the difficulty of soft ionization and the matrix complexity. In this work, a Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (APCI-UHRMS) was developed for selective analysis of olefins. Through the PB reaction, C═C bonds were transformed into four-membered rings of oxetane with improved polarity so that soft ionization of olefins could be achieved. The systematic optimization of PB reaction conditions, as well as MS ionization conditions, ensured a high reaction yield and a satisfied MS response. Furthermore, a sound scheme was set up to discriminate the coexisting unsaturated alkanes in complex petroleum, including linear olefins, nonlinear olefins, cycloalkanes, and aromatics, making use of their different behaviors during the PB reaction and chemical ionization. The developed strategy was successfully applied to the analysis of olefins in fluid catalytic cracking oil slurry, a complex heavy oil sample. This method extended the characterization of petroleum olefins from lower to higher with high efficiency and selectivity to provide a comprehensive molecular library for heavy petroleum samples and process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Ruoning Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Habtegabir Sara Girmay
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yehua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
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27
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Kedia K, Harris R, Ekroos K, Moser KW, DeBord D, Tiberi P, Goracci L, Zhang NR, Wang W, Spellman DS, Bateman K. Investigating Performance of the SLIM-Based High Resolution Ion Mobility Platform for Separation of Isomeric Phosphatidylcholine Species. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2176-2186. [PMID: 37703523 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are structurally diverse molecules that play a pivotal role in a plethora of biological processes. However, deciphering the biological roles of the specific lipids is challenging due to the existence of numerous isomers. This high chemical complexity of the lipidome is one of the major challenges in lipidomics research, as the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based approaches are often not powerful enough to resolve these isomeric and isobaric nuances within complex samples. Thus, lipids are uniquely suited to the benefits provided by multidimensional liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) analysis. However, many forms of lipid isomerism, including double-bond positional isomers and regioisomers, are structurally similar such that their collision cross section (CCS) differences are unresolvable via conventional IM approaches. Here we evaluate the performance of a high resolution ion mobility (HRIM) system based on structures for lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) technology interfaced to a high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) analyzer to address the noted lipidomic isomerism challenge. SLIM implements the traveling wave ion mobility technique along an ∼13 m ion path, providing longer path lengths to enable improved separation of isomeric features. We demonstrate the power of HRIM-MS to dissect isomeric PC standards differing only in double bond (DB) and stereospecific number (SN) positions. The partial separation of protonated DB isomers is significantly enhanced when they are analyzed as metal adducts. For sodium adducts, we achieve close to baseline separation of three different PC 18:1/18:1 isomers with different cis-double bond locations. Similarly, PC 18:1/18:1 (cis-9) can be resolved from the corresponding PC 18:1/18:1 (trans-9) form. The separation capacity is further enhanced when using silver ion doping, enabling the baseline separation of regioisomers that cannot be resolved when measured as sodium adducts. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the approach were assessed, and the performance for more complex mixtures was benchmarked by identifying PC isomers in total brain and liver lipid extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kedia
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Rachel Harris
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd, Irisviksvägen 31D, 02230 Esbo, Finland
| | - Kelly W Moser
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Daniel DeBord
- MOBILion Systems, Inc., Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Paolo Tiberi
- Molecular Discovery Ltd., Centennial Park, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire WD6 3FG United Kingdom
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Weixun Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Kevin Bateman
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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28
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Wang D, Xiao H, Lv X, Chen H, Wei F. Mass Spectrometry Based on Chemical Derivatization Has Brought Novel Discoveries to Lipidomics: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37782560 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2261130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as one of the most important organic compounds in organisms, are important components of cells and participate in energy storage and signal transduction of living organisms. As a rapidly rising field, lipidomics research involves the identification and quantification of multiple classes of lipid molecules, as well as the structure, function, dynamics, and interactions of lipids in living organisms. Due to its inherent high selectivity and high sensitivity, mass spectrometry (MS) is the "gold standard" analysis technique for small molecules in biological samples. The combination chemical derivatization with MS detection is a unique strategy that could improve MS ionization efficiency, facilitate structure identification and quantitative analysis. Herein, this review discusses derivatization-based MS strategies for lipidomic analysis over the past decade and focuses on all the reported lipid categories, including fatty acids and modified fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols and saccharolipids. The functional groups of lipids mainly involved in chemical derivatization include the C=C group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, carbonyl group. Furthermore, representative applications of these derivatization-based lipid profiling methods were summarized. Finally, challenges and countermeasures of lipid derivatization are mentioned and highlighted to guide future studies of derivatization-based MS strategy in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaming Xiao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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29
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Naylor CN, Nagy G. Permethylation and Metal Adduction: A Toolbox for the Improved Characterization of Glycolipids with Cyclic Ion Mobility Separations Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13725-13732. [PMID: 37650842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of molecules involved in various biological functions but remain difficult to characterize through mass-spectrometry-based methods because of their many possible isomers. Glycolipids, specifically, play important roles in cell signaling but display an even greater level of isomeric heterogeneity as compared to other lipid classes stemming from the introduction of a carbohydrate and its corresponding linkage position and α/β anomericity at the headgroup. While liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains the gold standard technique in lipidomics, it is still unable to characterize all isomeric species, thus presenting the need for new, orthogonal, methodologies. Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) can provide an additional dimension of information that supplements LC-MS/MS workflows, but has seen little use for glycolipid analyses. Herein, we present an analytical toolbox that enables the characterization of various glycolipid isomer sets using high-resolution cyclic ion mobility separations coupled with mass spectrometry (cIMS-MS). Specifically, we utilized a combination of both permethylation and metal adduction to fully resolve isomeric sphingolipids and ceramides with our cIMS-MS platform. We also introduce a new metric that can enable comparing peak-to-peak resolution across varying cIMS-MS pathlengths. Overall, we envision that our presented methodologies are highly amenable to existing LC-MS/MS-based workflows and can also have broad utility toward other omics-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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30
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Hirtzel E, Edwards M, Freitas D, Liu Z, Wang F, Yan X. Aziridination-Assisted Mass Spectrometry of Nonpolar Sterol Lipids with Isomeric Resolution. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:1998-2005. [PMID: 37523498 PMCID: PMC10863044 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of nonpolar lipids is crucial due to their essential biological functions and ability to exist in various isomeric forms. In this study, we introduce the N-H aziridination method to target carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C bonds) in nonpolar sterol lipids. The resulting fragments are readily dissociated upon collision-induced dissociation, generating specific fragment ions for C═C bond position determination and fingerprint fragments for backbone characterization. This method significantly enhances lipid ionization efficiency, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of nonpolar lipid analysis. We demonstrated that aziridination of sterols leads to distinctive fragmentation pathways for chain and ring C═C bonds, enabling the identification of sterol isomers such as desmosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Furthermore, aziridination can assist in identifying the sterol backbone by providing fingerprint tandem mass spectra. We also demonstrated the quantitative capacity of this approach with a limit of detection of 10 nM in the solvent mixture of methanol and water. To test the feasibility of this method in complex biological samples, we used mouse prostate cancerous tissues and found significant differences in nonpolar lipid profiles between healthy and cancerous samples. The high efficiency and specificity of aziridination-assisted mass spectrometric analysis, as well as its quantitative analysis ability, make it highly suitable for broad applications in nonpolar lipid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Madison Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ziying Liu
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Texas
A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Fen Wang
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Texas
A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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31
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Xia T, Jin X, Zhang D, Wang J, Jian R, Yin H, Xia Y. Alternative fatty acid desaturation pathways revealed by deep profiling of total fatty acids in RAW 264.7 cell line. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100410. [PMID: 37437845 PMCID: PMC10407907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth structural characterization of lipids provides a new means to investigate lipid metabolism. In this study, we have conducted deep profiling of total fatty acids (FAs) from RAW 264.7 macrophages by utilizing charge-tagging Paternò-Büchi derivatization of carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A series of FAs exhibiting unusual site(s) of unsaturation was unearthed, with their identities being confirmed by observing anticipated compositional alterations upon desaturase inhibition. The data reveal that FADS2 Δ 6-desaturation can generate n-11 C=C in the odd-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) as well as n-10 and n-12 families of even-chain MUFAs. SCD1 Δ 9-desaturation yields n-6, n-8, and n-10 of odd-chain MUFAs, as well as n-5, n-7, and n-9 families of even-chain MUFAs. Besides n-3 and n-6 families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the presence of n-7 and n-9 families of PUFAs indicates that the n-7 and n-9 isomers of FA 18:1 can be utilized as substrates for further desaturation and elongation. The n-7 and n-9 families of PUFAs identified in RAW 264.7 macrophages are noteworthy because their C=C modifications are achieved exclusively via de novo lipogenesis. Our discovery outlines the metabolic plasticity in fatty acid desaturation which constitutes an unexplored rewiring in RAW264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jitong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijun Jian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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32
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Saha S, Singh P, Dutta A, Vaidya H, Negi PC, Sengupta S, Seth S, Basak T. A Comprehensive Insight and Mechanistic Understanding of the Lipidomic Alterations Associated With DCM. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:539-555. [PMID: 37614533 PMCID: PMC10442885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major causes of heart failure characterized by the enlargement of the left ventricular cavity and contractile dysfunction of the myocardium. Lipids are the major sources of energy for the myocardium. Impairment of lipid homeostasis has a potential role in the pathogenesis of DCM. In this review, we have summarized the role of different lipids in the progression of DCM that can be considered as potential biomarkers. Further, we have also explained the mechanistic pathways followed by the lipid molecules in disease progression along with the cardioprotective role of certain lipids. As the global epidemiological status of DCM is alarming, it is high time to define some disease-specific biomarkers with greater prognostic value. We are proposing an adaptation of a system lipidomics-based approach to profile DCM patients in order to achieve a better diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Saha
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering. IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhi Dutta
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering. IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Hiteshi Vaidya
- Department of Cardiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Shimla, India
| | - Prakash Chand Negi
- Department of Cardiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Shimla, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Seth
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering. IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, Indian Institute of Technology-Mandi, Mandi, India
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33
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Gertner DS, Bishop DP, Padula MP. Optimization of chromatographic buffer conditions for the simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species in canola. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300165. [PMID: 37329204 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates are a set of closely related lipids known to influence various cellular functions. Irregular distributions of these molecules have been correlated with the development and progression of multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, and various cancers. As a result, there is continued interest regarding the speciation of these compounds, with specific consideration on how their distribution may differ between healthy and diseased tissue. The comprehensive analysis of these compounds is challenging due to their varied and unique chemical characteristics, and current generalized lipidomics methods have proven unsuitable for phosphatidylinositol analysis and remain incapable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analysis. Here we improved upon current methods by enabling the sensitive and simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species, whilst enhancing their characterization through chromatographic resolution between isomeric species. A 1 mM ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia buffer was determined optimal for this goal, enabling the identification of 148 phosphatidylinositide species, including 23 lyso-phosphatidylinositols, 51 phosphatidylinositols, 59 oxidized-phosphatidylinositols, and 15 phosphatidylinositol phosphates. As a result of this analysis, four distinct canola cultivars were differentiated based exclusively on their unique phosphatidylinositide-lipidome, indicating analyses of this type may be of use when considering the development and progression of the disease through lipidomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Gertner
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - David P Bishop
- Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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34
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Hormann FL, Sommer S, Heiles S. Formation and Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Doubly Charged Lipid-Metal Ion Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023. [PMID: 37315187 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are major components of most eukaryotic cell membranes. Changes in metabolic states are often accompanied by phospholipid structure variations. The structural changes of phospholipids are the hallmark of disease states, or specific lipid structures have been associated with distinct organisms. Prime examples are microorganisms that synthesize phospholipids with, for example, different branched chain fatty acids. Assignment and relative quantitation of structural isomers of phospholipids that arise from attachment of different fatty acids to the glycerophospholipid backbone are difficult with routine tandem mass spectrometry or with liquid chromatography without authentic standards. In this work, we report on the observation that all investigated phospholipid classes form doubly charged lipid-metal ion complexes during electrospray ionization (ESI) and show that these complexes can be used to assign lipid classes and fatty acid moieties, distinguish isomers of branched chain fatty acids, and relatively quantify these isomers in positive-ion mode. Use of water free methanol and addition of divalent metal salts (100 mol %) to ESI spray solutions afford highly abundant doubly charged lipid-metal ion complexes (up to 70 times of protonated compounds). Higher-energy collisional dissociation and collision-induced dissociation of doubly charged complexes yield a diverse set of lipid class-dependent fragment ions. In common for all lipid classes is the liberation of fatty acid-metal adducts that yield fragment ions from the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain upon activation. This ability is used to pinpoint sites of branching in saturated fatty acids and is showcased for free fatty acids as well as glycerophospholipids. The analytical utility of doubly charged phospholipid-metal ion complexes is demonstrated by distinguishing fatty acid branching-site isomers in phospholipid mixtures and relatively quantifying the corresponding isomeric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix-Levin Hormann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Lipidomics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Simon Sommer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Lipidomics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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35
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Zhang J, Zang Q, Xu W, Tang F. Rapid imaging of unsaturated lipids at isomer level using photoepoxidation. Talanta 2023; 261:124643. [PMID: 37196400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids play an essential role in living organisms, and their different isomers show significant functional differences. Therefore, in situ characterization of unsaturated lipids in tissues needs to be extended to isomer level. However, the exposure of tissue sections to an open environment for a long time may cause cell autolysis or corruption, and current unsaturated lipid imaging methods still face challenges in efficiency. This paper proposes an imaging method based on photoepoxidation coupled with air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (AFADESI-MS) to rapidly realize the spatial characterization of unsaturated lipids at the isomer level. The technique has a fast response speed, high epoxide yield (>80%), and high diagnostic ion abundance. After 0.5 min of photoepoxidation, the derivation product yield ratio reached 24.6%. This method rapidly identified six glycerophospholipid isomers containing an 18:1 acyl chain in normal rat liver tissue. Then the imaging method was applied in nude mice lung cancer tissue and human thyroid cancer tissue, with only 3 min photoepoxidation. Results successfully characterized the location and range of unsaturated lipid isomers and revealed their enrichment in tumor tissue. In addition, the experiment shows that the variational trend of the ratio of unsaturated lipid isomers in different types of tumor samples is different. Based on the advantages of efficiency and convenience, this method is prospective for screening unsaturated lipid markers and pathological research of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, A2 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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36
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Zhang J, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xu W. Rapidly identifying and quantifying of unsaturated lipids with carbon-carbon double bond isomers by photoepoxidation. Talanta 2023; 260:124575. [PMID: 37141821 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids play an essential role in life activities. Identifying and quantifying their carbon-carbon double bond (CC) isomers have become a hot topic in recent years. In lipidomics, the analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples usually requires high-throughput methods, which puts forward the requirements of rapid response and simple operation for identification. In this paper, we proposed a photoepoxidation strategy, which uses benzoin to open the double bonds of unsaturated lipids to form epoxides under ultraviolet light and aerobic conditions. Photoepoxidation is controlled by light and has a fast response. After 5 min, the derivatization yield can reach 80% with no side reaction products. Besides, the method has the advantages of high quantitation accuracy and a high yield of diagnostic ions. It was successfully applied to rapidly identify the double bond locations of various unsaturated lipids in both positive and negative ion modes, and to rapidly identify and quantitatively analyze the various isomers of unsaturated lipids in mouse tissue extract. So the method has the potential for large-scale analysis of unsaturated lipids in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zesen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Yard, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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37
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Ross DH, Lee JY, Bilbao A, Orton DJ, Eder JG, Burnet MC, Deatherage Kaiser BL, Kyle JE, Zheng X. LipidOz enables automated elucidation of lipid carbon-carbon double bond positions from ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry data. Commun Chem 2023; 6:74. [PMID: 37076550 PMCID: PMC10115790 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play essential roles in many biological processes and disease pathology, but unambiguous identification of lipids is complicated by the presence of multiple isomeric species differing by fatty acyl chain length, stereospecifically numbered (sn) position, and position/stereochemistry of double bonds. Conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses enable the determination of fatty acyl chain lengths (and in some cases sn position) and number of double bonds, but not carbon-carbon double bond positions. Ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) is a gas-phase oxidation reaction that produces characteristic fragments from lipids containing double bonds. OzID can be incorporated into ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-MS instruments for the structural characterization of lipids, including additional isomer separation and confident assignment of double bond positions. The complexity and repetitive nature of OzID data analysis and lack of software tool support have limited the application of OzID for routine lipidomics studies. Here, we present an open-source Python tool, LipidOz, for the automated determination of lipid double bond positions from OzID-IMS-MS data, which employs a combination of traditional automation and deep learning approaches. Our results demonstrate the ability of LipidOz to robustly assign double bond positions for lipid standard mixtures and complex lipid extracts, enabling practical application of OzID for future lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Ross
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- PrognomiQ, Inc, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Aivett Bilbao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Josie G Eder
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Meagan C Burnet
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
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38
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Ross DH, Guo J, Bilbao A, Huan T, Smith RD, Zheng X. Evaluating Software Tools for Lipid Identification from Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry Lipidomics Data. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083483. [PMID: 37110719 PMCID: PMC10142755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The unambiguous identification of lipids is a critical component of lipidomics studies and greatly impacts the interpretation and significance of analyses as well as the ultimate biological understandings derived from measurements. The level of structural detail that is available for lipid identifications is largely determined by the analytical platform being used. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) is the predominant combination of analytical techniques used for lipidomics studies, and these methods can provide fairly detailed lipid identification. More recently, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has begun to see greater adoption in lipidomics studies thanks to the additional dimension of separation that it provides and the added structural information that can support lipid identification. At present, relatively few software tools are available for IMS-MS lipidomics data analysis, which reflects the still limited adoption of IMS as well as the limited software support. This fact is even more pronounced for isomer identifications, such as the determination of double bond positions or integration with MS-based imaging. In this review, we survey the landscape of software tools that are available for the analysis of IMS-MS-based lipidomics data and we evaluate lipid identifications produced by these tools using open-access data sourced from the peer-reviewed lipidomics literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Ross
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jian Guo
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aivett Bilbao
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Richard D Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Xueyun Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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39
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Freitas DP, Chen X, Hirtzel EA, Edwards ME, Kim J, Wang H, Sun Y, Kocurek KI, Russell D, Yan X. In situ droplet-based on-tissue chemical derivatization for lipid isomer characterization using LESA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04653-3. [PMID: 37017722 PMCID: PMC10392465 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present an in situ droplet-based derivatization method for fast tissue lipid profiling at multiple isomer levels. On-tissue derivatization for isomer characterization was achieved in a droplet delivered by the TriVersa NanoMate LESA pipette. The derivatized lipids were then extracted and analyzed by the automated chip-based liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) mass spectrometry (MS) followed by tandem MS to produce diagnostic fragment ions to reveal the lipid isomer structures. Three reactions, i.e., mCPBA epoxidation, photocycloaddition catalyzed by the photocatalyst Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(dtbbpy)PF6, and Mn(II) lipid adduction, were applied using the droplet-based derivatization to provide lipid characterization at carbon-carbon double-bond positional isomer and sn-positional isomer levels. Relative quantitation of both types of lipid isomers was also achieved based on diagnostic ion intensities. This method provides the flexibility of performing multiple derivatizations at different spots in the same functional region of an organ for orthogonal lipid isomer analysis using a single tissue slide. Lipid isomers were profiled in the cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain of the mouse brain and 24 double-bond positional isomers and 16 sn-positional isomers showed various distributions in those regions. This droplet-based derivatization of tissue lipids allows fast profiling of multi-level isomer identification and quantitation and has great potential in tissue lipid studies requiring rapid sample-to-result turnovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Erin A Hirtzel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Madison E Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Joohan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, Carter-Mattil Hall, 373 Olven Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, Carter-Mattil Hall, 373 Olven Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Klaudia I Kocurek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - David Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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40
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Shenault DM, McLuckey SA, Franklin ET. Localization of cyclopropyl groups and alkenes within glycerophospholipids using gas-phase ion/ion chemistry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4913. [PMID: 36916143 PMCID: PMC10014902 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Shotgun lipid analysis using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) is a common approach for the identification and characterization of glycerophohspholipids GPs. ESI-MS/MS, with the aid of collision-induced dissociation (CID), enables the characterization of GP species at the headgroup and fatty acyl sum compositional levels. However, important structural features that are often present, such as carbon-carbon double bond(s) and cyclopropane ring(s), can be difficult to determine. Here, we report the use of gas-phase charge inversion reactions that, in combination with CID, allow for more detailed structural elucidation of GPs. CID of a singly deprotonated GP, [GP - H]- , generates FA anions, [FA - H]- . The fatty acid anions can then react with doubly charged cationic magnesium tris-phenanthroline complex, [Mg(Phen)3 ]2+ , to form charge inverted complex cations of the form [FA - H + MgPhen2 ]+ . CID of the complex generates product ion spectral patterns that allow for the identification of carbon-carbon double bond position(s) as well as the sites of cyclopropyl position(s) in unsaturated lipids. This approach to determining both double bond and cyclopropane positions is demonstrated with GPs for the first time using standards and is applied to lipids extracted from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- De’Shovon M. Shenault
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, United States, 47907-2084
| | - Scott A. McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, United States, 47907-2084
| | - Elissia T. Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, United States, 47907-2084
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41
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Froning M, Grütering C, Blank LM, Hayen H. Determination of double bond positions in methyl ketones by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using dimethyl disulfide derivatives. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9457. [PMID: 36512472 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methyl ketones are of interest for the application as biofuels. The fatty acid metabolism of different microbes has been rearranged to achieve a sustainable production of methyl ketones. The biofuel properties and possible further chemical modifications of these methyl ketones are influenced by their chain length, as well as their degree of saturation and the corresponding double bond position. METHODS A method based on gas chromatography-electron ionization; mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS) was used to determine the double bond position of methyl ketones. Derivatization using dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and an iodine catalyst enabled the activation of the double bonds for selective fragmentation during electron ionization. The cleavage led to key fragments in the Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrum and allowed the unequivocal localization of the double bond position of the respective monounsaturated methyl ketone. RESULTS The double bond position of several medium chain length methyl ketones originating from the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas taiwanensis (P. taiwanensis) VLB120 was determined. The DMDS derivatives of methyl ketones can yield isobaric fragment ions for different possible double bond positions, which can be distinguished only using high-resolution MS. The double bond position of all methyl ketones deriving from P. taiwanensis VLB120 was the same, counting from the end of the aliphatic chain, and was determined as ω-7. CONCLUSIONS The derivatization of medium chain length monounsaturated methyl ketones with DMDS allowed the determination of the corresponding double bond position via GC-EI-MS. High-resolution MS is needed to differentiate possible double bond positions that yield isobaric fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Froning
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolin Grütering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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42
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Fan J, Ouyang Z. High-resolution separation of bioisomers using ion cloud profiling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1535. [PMID: 36941278 PMCID: PMC10027677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of complex structures of biomolecules plays a key role in the field of chemistry and life sciences. In the past decade, ion mobility, by coupling with mass spectrometry, has become a unique tool for distinguishing isomers and isoforms of biomolecules. In this study, we develop a concept for performing ion mobility analysis using an ion trap, which enables isomer separation under ultra-high fields to achieve super high resolutions over 10,000. The potential of this technology has been demonstrated for analysis of isomers for biomolecules including disaccharides, phospholipids, and peptides with post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhuofan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingjin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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43
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Cheng S, Zhang D, Feng J, Hu Q, Tan A, Xie Z, Chen Q, Huang H, Wei Y, Ouyang Z, Ma X. Metabolic Pathway of Monounsaturated Lipids Revealed by In-Depth Structural Lipidomics by Mass Spectrometry. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0087. [PMID: 36951803 PMCID: PMC10026824 DOI: 10.34133/research.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The study of lipid metabolism relies on the characterization of the lipidome, which is quite complex due to the structure variations of the lipid species. New analytical tools have been developed recently for characterizing fine structures of lipids, with C=C location identification as one of the major improvements. In this study, we studied the lipid metabolism reprograming by analyzing glycerol phospholipid compositions in breast cancer cell lines with structural specification extended to the C=C location level. Inhibition of the lipid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, increased the proportion of n-10 isomers that are produced via an alternative fatty acid desaturase 2 pathway. However, there were different variations of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers in C18:1-containing glycerol phospholipids after stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition, showing increased tendency in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, and BT-474 cells, but decreased tendency in MDA-MB-231 cells. No consistent change of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers was observed in SK-BR-3 cells. This type of heterogeneity in reprogrammed lipid metabolism can be rationalized by considering both lipid desaturation and fatty acid oxidation, highlighting the critical roles of comprehensive lipid analysis in both fundamental and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aolei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuoning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Clinical Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital,
Hubei University of Medicine, Experiment center of medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital,
Hubei University of Medicine, Experiment center of medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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44
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Kirschbaum C, Young RSE, Greis K, Menzel JP, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Causon T, Narreddula VR, Poad BLJ, Blanksby SJ, Pagel K. Establishing carbon-carbon double bond position and configuration in unsaturated fatty acids by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2518-2527. [PMID: 36908944 PMCID: PMC9993887 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are an abundant class of lipids that are characterised by wide structural variation including isomeric diversity arising from the position and configuration of functional groups. Traditional approaches to fatty acid characterisation have combined chromatography and mass spectrometry for a description of the composition of individual fatty acids while infrared (IR) spectroscopy has provided insights into the functional groups and bond configurations at the bulk level. Here we exploit universal 3-pyridylcarbinol ester derivatization of fatty acids to acquire IR spectra of individual lipids as mass-selected gas-phase ions. Intramolecular interactions between the protonated pyridine moiety and carbon-carbon double bonds present highly sensitive probes for regiochemistry and configuration through promotion of strong and predictable shifts in IR resonances. Gas-phase IR spectra obtained from unsaturated fatty acids are shown to discriminate between isomers and enable the first unambiguous structural assignment of 6Z-octadecenoic acid in human-derived cell lines. Compatibility of 3-pyridylcarbinol ester derivatization with conventional chromatography-mass spectrometry and now gas-phase IR spectroscopy paves the way for comprehensive structure elucidation of fatty acids that is sensitive to regio- and stereochemical variations and with the potential to uncover new pathways in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Menzel
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Tim Causon
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Venkateswara R Narreddula
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
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45
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Guo X, Cao W, Fan X, Guo Z, Zhang D, Zhang H, Ma X, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. Tandem Mass Spectrometry Imaging Enables High Definition for Mapping Lipids in Tissues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214804. [PMID: 36575135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids in biological tissues is useful for correlating molecular distribution with pathological results, which could provide useful information for both biological research and disease diagnosis. It is well understood that the lipidome could not be clearly deciphered without tandem mass spectrometry analysis, but this is challenging to achieve in MSI due to the limitation in sample amount at each image spot. Here we develop a multiplexed MS2 imaging (MS2 I) method that can provide MS2 images for 10 lipid species or more for each sampling spot, providing spatial structural lipidomic information. Coupling with on-tissue photochemical derivatization, imaging of 20 phospholipid C=C location isomers is also realized, showing enhanced molecular images with high definition in structure for mouse brain and human liver cancer tissue sections. Spatially mapped t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding has also been adopted to visualize the tumor margin with enhancement by structural lipidomic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Grooms A, Nordmann AN, Badu-Tawiah AK. Plasma-Droplet Reaction Systems: A Direct Mass Spectrometry Approach for Enhanced Characterization of Lipids at Multiple Isomer Levels. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:32-44. [PMID: 36817012 PMCID: PMC9936802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutral triacylglyceride (TG) lipids are critical in cellular function, signaling, and energy storage. Multiple molecular pathways control TG structure via nonselective routes making them structurally complex and analytically challenging to characterize. The presence of C=C bond positional isomers exacerbates this challenge as complete structural elucidation is not possible by conventional tandem mass spectrometric methods such as collision-induced dissociation (CID), alone. Herein, we report a custom-made coaxial contained-electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter that allows the fusion of plasma discharge with charged microdroplets during electrospray (ES). Etched capillaries were incorporated into this contained-ES emitter, facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low (3 kV) ESI voltages and allowing stable ESI ion signal to be achieved at an unprecedented high (7 kV) spray voltage. The analytical utility of inducing plasma discharge during electrospray was investigated using online ionization of neutral TGs, in situ epoxidation of unsaturation sites, and C=C bond localization via conventional CID mass spectrometry. Collisional activation of the lipid epoxide generated during the online plasma-droplet fusion experiment resulted in a novel fragmentation pattern that showed a quadruplet of diagnostic ions for confident assignment of C=C bond positions and subsequent isomer differentiation. This phenomenon enabled the identification of a novel TG lipid, composed of conjugated linoleic acid, that is isomeric with two other TG lipids naturally found in extra virgin olive oil. To validate our findings, we analyzed various standards of TG lipids, including triolein, trilinolein, and trilinolenin, and isomeric mixtures in the positive-ion mode, each of which produced the expected quadruplet diagnostic fragment ions. Further validation was obtained by analyzing standards of free fatty acids expected from the hydrolysis of the TG lipids in the negative-ion mode, together with isomeric mixtures. The chemistry governing the gas-phase fragmentation of the lipid epoxides was carefully elucidated for each TG lipid analyzed. This comprehensive shotgun lipidomic approach has the potential to impact biomedical research since it can be accomplished on readily available mass spectrometers without the need for instrument modification.
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Song Y, Song Q, Liu W, Li J, Tu P. High-confidence structural identification of metabolites relying on tandem mass spectrometry through isomeric identification: A tutorial. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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48
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Chen C, Li R, Wu H. Recent progress in the analysis of unsaturated fatty acids in biological samples by chemical derivatization-based chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123572. [PMID: 36565575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are essential fatty acids that execute various biological functions in the human body. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of UFAs in biological samples can help to clarify their roles in the occurrence and development of diseases, so to reveal the mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential drug intervention strategies. Chromatography-mass spectrometry is one of the most commonly used techniques for the analysis of UFAs in biological samples. However, due to factors such as the complex structural information of UFAs (the number and specific location of CC double bonds) and the low concentration of UFAs in biological samples, it is still difficult to conduct accurate qualitative and/or quantitative studies of UFAs in complex biological samples. In recent years, the integration and application of chemical derivatization and chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used in the detection of UFAs. Based on this overview, we reviewed recent developments and application progress for chemical derivatization-based chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of UFAs in biological samples over the past ten years. Potential trends for the design and improvement of novel derivatization reagents were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Xia F, Wan JB. Chemical derivatization strategy for mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:432-452. [PMID: 34486155 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, serving as the structural components of cellular membranes, energy storage, and signaling molecules, play the essential and multiple roles in biological functions of mammals. Mass spectrometry (MS) is widely accepted as the first choice for lipid analysis, offering good performance in sensitivity, accuracy, and structural characterization. However, the untargeted qualitative profiling and absolute quantitation of lipids are still challenged by great structural diversity and high structural similarity. In recent decade, chemical derivatization mainly targeting carboxyl group and carbon-carbon double bond of lipids have been developed for lipidomic analysis with diverse advantages: (i) offering more characteristic structural information; (ii) improving the analytical performance, including chromatographic separation and MS sensitivity; (iii) providing one-to-one chemical isotope labeling internal standards based on the isotope derivatization regent in quantitative analysis. Moreover, the chemical derivatization strategy has shown great potential in combination with ion mobility mass spectrometry and ambient mass spectrometry. Herein, we summarized the current states and advances in chemical derivatization-assisted MS techniques for lipidomic analysis, and their strengths and challenges are also given. In summary, the chemical derivatization-based lipidomic approach has become a promising and reliable technique for the analysis of lipidome in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
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Nutritional lipidomics for the characterization of lipids in food. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent one out of three major macronutrient classes in the human diet. It is estimated to account for about 15-20% of the total dietary intake. Triacylglycerides comprise the majority of them, estimated 90-95%. Other lipid classes include free fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and plant sterols as minor components. Various methods are used for the characterization of nutritional lipids, however, lipidomics approaches become increasingly attractive for this purpose due to their wide coverage, comprehensiveness and holistic view on composition. In this chapter, analytical methodologies and workflows utilized for lipidomics profiling of food samples are outlined with focus on mass spectrometry-based assays. The chapter describes common lipid extraction protocols, the distinct instrumental mass-spectrometry based analytical platforms for data acquisition, chromatographic and ion-mobility spectrometry methods for lipid separation, briefly mentions alternative methods such as gas chromatography for fatty acid profiling and mass spectrometry imaging. Critical issues of important steps of lipidomics workflows such as structural annotation and identification, quantification and quality assurance are discussed as well. Applications reported over the period of the last 5years are summarized covering the discovery of new lipids in foodstuff, differential profiling approaches for comparing samples from different origin, species, varieties, cultivars and breeds, and for food processing quality control. Lipidomics as a powerful tool for personalized nutrition and nutritional intervention studies is briefly discussed as well. It is expected that this field is significantly growing in the near future and this chapter gives a short insight into the power of nutritional lipidomics approaches.
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