1
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Basappa S, Bhawar R, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Recent advances in the chemistry of the phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3778-3806. [PMID: 35108724 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the reactivity of 2-phosphaethynolate (OCP-), a heavier analogue of the cyanate anion, has been the subject of momentous interest in the field of modern organometallic chemistry. It is used as a precursor to novel phosphorus-containing heterocycles and as a ligand in decarbonylative processes, serving as a synthetic equivalent of a phosphinidene derivative. This perspective aims to describe advances in the reactivities of phosphaethynolate and arsaethynolate anions (OCE-; E = P, As) with main-group element, transition metal, and f-block metal scaffolds. Further, the unique structures and bonding properties are discussed based on spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Basappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India.
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2
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Alkali metal polyphosphides as intermediates in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds from elemental phosphorus. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Junker P, Rey Planells A, Espinosa Ferao A, Streubel R. Analysis of Non-innocence of Phosphaquinodimethane Ligands when Charge and Aromaticity Come into Play. Chemistry 2021; 27:9350-9359. [PMID: 33811689 PMCID: PMC8362198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several phosphaquinodimethanes and their M(CO)5 complexes (M=Cr, Mo, W) and model derivatives have been theoretically investigated regarding the quest of non-innocence. Computed structural and electronic properties of the P-Me/NH2 substituted phosphaquinodimethanes and tungsten complexes revealed an interesting non-innocent ligand behaviour for the radical anion complexes with distonic ion character and a strong rearomatization of the middle phenyl ring. The latter was further probed taking also geometric aromaticity (HOMA) and quinoid distortion parameters (HOMQc) into account, as well as NICS(1). Furthermore, the effect of the P-substitution was investigated for real (or plausible) complexes and their free ligands focusing on the resulting aromaticity at the middle phenyl ring and vertical one-electron redox processes. The best picture of ligand engagement in redox changes was provided by representing NICS(1) values versus HOMA and the new geometric distortion parameter HOMQc8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Junker
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhardt-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
| | - Alicia Rey Planells
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Arturo Espinosa Ferao
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de MurciaCampus de Espinardo30100MurciaSpain
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhardt-Domagk-Straße 153121BonnGermany
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4
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Watt FA, Burkhardt L, Schoch R, Mitzinger S, Bauer M, Weigend F, Goicoechea JM, Tambornino F, Hohloch S. η
3
‐Coordination and Functionalization of the 2‐Phosphaethynthiolate Anion at Lanthanum(III)**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD) Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD) Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD) Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Stefan Mitzinger
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD) Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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5
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Watt FA, Burkhardt L, Schoch R, Mitzinger S, Bauer M, Weigend F, Goicoechea JM, Tambornino F, Hohloch S. η 3 -Coordination and Functionalization of the 2-Phosphaethynthiolate Anion at Lanthanum(III)*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9534-9539. [PMID: 33565689 PMCID: PMC8252525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the η3 -coordination of the 2-phosphaethynthiolate anion in the complex (PN)2 La(SCP) (2) [PN=N-(2-(diisopropylphosphanyl)-4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylanilide)]. Structural comparison with dinuclear thiocyanate-bridged (PN)2 La(μ-1,3-SCN)2 La(PN)2 (3) and azide-bridged (PN)2 La(μ-1,3-N3 )2 La(PN)2 (4) complexes indicates that the [SCP]- coordination mode is mainly governed by electronic, rather than steric factors. Quantum mechanical investigations reveal large contributions of the antibonding π*-orbital of the [SCP]- ligand to the LUMO of complex 2, rendering it the ideal precursor for the first functionalization of the [SCP]- anion. Complex 2 was therefore reacted with CAACs which induced a selective rearrangement of the [SCP]- ligand to form the first CAAC stabilized group 15-group 16 fulminate-type complexes (PN)2 La{SPC(R CAAC)} (5 a,b, R=Ad, Me). A detailed reaction mechanism for the SCP-to-SPC isomerization is proposed based on DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A. Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Stefan Mitzinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn UniversityWarburger Strasse 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Frank Tambornino
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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6
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Synthesis and Structural Investigation of a Complete Series of Brightly Colored Alkali Metal 1,3‐Dimethylviolurates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Wang Y, Szilvási T, Yao S, Driess M. A bis(silylene)-stabilized diphosphorus compound and its reactivity as a monophosphorus anion transfer reagent. Nat Chem 2020; 12:801-807. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Hua G, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD. Reactivity of Woollins' Reagent toward 2-En-1-imines (Schiff Bases): A Facile Approach to Synthesize New Selenium-Phosphorus-Nitrogen Heterocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Hua
- EastChem School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- EastChem School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
| | | | - J. Derek Woollins
- EastChem School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; Fife; KY16 9ST St Andrews UK
- Department of Chemistry; Khalifa University; Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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9
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Borger JE, Le Corre G, Mei Y, Suter R, Schrader E, Grützmacher H. Transient Dipnictyl Analogues of Acrylamides, R−E=E′−CONR
2
, and a Related Diphosphadigalletane from Na[OCP] and (R
2
N)
2
ECl (E, E′=P, As, Ga). Chemistry 2019; 25:3957-3962. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaap E. Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erik Schrader
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- School of ChemistryLehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)Sun Yat-sen University 135 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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10
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Abd El-Hamid SM, Sadeek SA, Zordok WA, El-Shwiniy WH. Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of some metal complexes with ofloxacin and 2,2′-bipyridine. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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12
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Goicoechea JM, Grützmacher H. The Chemistry of the 2-Phosphaethynolate Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16968-16994. [PMID: 29770548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In all likelihood the first synthesis of the phosphaethynolate anion, PCO- , was performed in 1894 when NaPH2 was reacted with CO in an attempt to make Na(CP) accompanied by elimination of water. This reaction was repeated 117 years later when it was discovered that Na(OCP) and H2 are the products of this remarkable transformation. Li(OCP) was synthesized and fully characterized in 1992 but this salt proved to be too unstable to allow for a detailed investigation of its chemistry. It was not until the heavier analogues of this lithium salt were isolated, Na(OCP) and K(OCP) (both of which are remarkably stable and can be even dissolved in water), that the chemistry of this new functional group could be explored. Here we review the chemistry of the 2-phosphaethynolate anion, a heavier phosphorus-containing analogue of the cyanate anion, and describe the wide breadth of chemical transformations for which it has been thus far employed. Its use as a ligand, in decarbonylative and deoxygenative processes, and as a building block for novel heterocycles is described. In the mere twenty-six years since Becker first reported the isolation of this remarkable anion, it has become a fascinating reagent for the synthesis of a vast library of, often unprecedented, molecules and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Bestgen S, Chen Q, Rees NH, Goicoechea JM. Synthesis and reactivity of rare-earth metal phosphaethynolates. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13016-13024. [PMID: 30156233 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the last six years, research on the synthesis and reactivity of molecular metal phosphaketenes (M-PCO) has gained increasing attention. However, lanthanide complexes of the heavier group 15 cyanate analogue PCO- have not been investigated so far. Herein we present exemplar studies on the nature and reactivity of rare-earth phosphaethynolato-complexes using three characteristic representatives of the rare-earth metals: Y, Nd and Sm. Our investigations comprise both +2 and +3 redox states, and one defined amidinate-based ligand set, as well as novel reaction pathways in the presence of the sequestering agents 18-crown-6 and 2,2,2-crypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bestgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
| | - Qien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
| | - Nicholas H Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, UK.
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14
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Hansmann MM. Synthesis of Azaphosphinines by Directed Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions with Na(OCP). Chemistry 2018; 24:11573-11577. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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15
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Tambornino F, Hinz A, Köppe R, Goicoechea JM. A General Synthesis of Phosphorus‐ and Arsenic‐Containing Analogues of the Thio‐ and Seleno‐cyanate Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8230-8234. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tambornino
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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16
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Tambornino F, Hinz A, Köppe R, Goicoechea JM. A General Synthesis of Phosphorus‐ and Arsenic‐Containing Analogues of the Thio‐ and Seleno‐cyanate Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tambornino
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordChemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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17
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Chen X, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Multidentate Phosphanyl Phosphinines: Synthesis and Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:8432-8437. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jinan University; 510632 Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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18
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Weber L. 2-Phospha- and 2-Arsaethynolates - Versatile Building Blocks in Modern Synthetic Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Weber
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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19
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Mei Y, Wu DJ, Borger JE, Grützmacher H. Simple Synthesis of Functionalized 2-Phosphanaphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5512-5515. [PMID: 29508510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of sodium 2-phosphanaphthalene-3-olate (1) based on the extrusion of N2 from phthalazine using Na[OCP] is reported. This heterocycle can be readily functionalized at the negatively charged oxygen center using a variety of electrophilic substrates. The coordination chemistry of both 1 and its neutral derivatives was explored, revealing their facile use as P-donor ligands for late-transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dong-Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaap E Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Mei Y, Wu DJ, Borger JE, Grützmacher H. Simple Synthesis of Functionalized 2-Phosphanaphthalenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Dong-Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
| | - Jaap E. Borger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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21
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Gilliard RJ, Heift D, Benkő Z, Keiser JM, Rheingold AL, Grützmacher H, Protasiewicz JD. An isolable magnesium diphosphaethynolate complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:666-669. [PMID: 29242885 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of magnesium chloride with two equivalents of sodium phosphaethynolate, Na[OCP]·(dioxane)2.5 (1), yields a magnesium diphosphaethynolate complex, [(THF)4Mg(OCP)2] (3). The formation of compound 3 goes through a monosubstituted chloromagnesium phosphaethynolate Mg(OCP)Cl (2). The structure of 3 was determined via a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. For comparison, we also report the structure of a monomeric sodium phosphaethynolate complex, [Na(OCP)(dibenzo-18-crown-6)] (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dominikus Heift
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. and Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H.111 Budapest Szent Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Jerod M Keiser
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - John D Protasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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22
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Wilson DWN, Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. An Isolable Phosphaethynolatoborane and Its Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2188-2193. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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23
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Wilson DWN, Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. An Isolable Phosphaethynolatoborane and Its Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. N. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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24
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Hierlmeier G, Hinz A, Wolf R, Goicoechea JM. Synthesis and Reactivity of Nickel-Stabilised μ2
:η2
,η2
-P2
, As2
and PAs Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:431-436. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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25
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Hierlmeier G, Hinz A, Wolf R, Goicoechea JM. Synthese und Reaktivität von Nickel-stabilisierten μ2
:η2
,η2
-P2
-, As2
- und PAs-Einheiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford; Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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26
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Szkop KM, Jupp AR, Suter R, Grützmacher H, Stephan DW. Borane-Stabilized Isomeric Dimers of the Phosphaethynolate Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14174-14177. [PMID: 28922529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the phosphaethynolate anion ([PCO]- ) with a range of boranes were explored. BPh3 and [PCO]- form a dimeric anion featuring P-B bonds and is prone to dissociation at room temperature. The more Lewis acidic borane B(C6 F5 )3 yields a less symmetric dimer of [PCO]- with P-B and P-O bonds. Less sterically demanding HB(C6 F5 )2 and H2 B(C6 F5 ) boranes form a third isomer with [PCO]- featuring both boranes bound to the same phosphorus atom. Despite the unexpected thermodynamic preference for P-coordination, computational data illustrate that electronic and steric features impact the binding modes of the resulting dianionic dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Szkop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg HCI H 131, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg HCI H 131, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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27
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Szkop KM, Jupp AR, Suter R, Grützmacher H, Stephan DW. Borane-Stabilized Isomeric Dimers of the Phosphaethynolate Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Szkop
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Hönggerberg HCI H 131; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Hönggerberg HCI H 131; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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28
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Hou GL, Chen B, Transue WJ, Yang Z, Grützmacher H, Driess M, Cummins CC, Borden WT, Wang XB. Spectroscopic Characterization, Computational Investigation, and Comparisons of ECX– (E = As, P, and N; X = S and O) Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8922-8930. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Baker
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wesley J. Transue
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zheng Yang
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biology, ETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department
of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Weston Thatcher Borden
- Department
of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and
Modeling, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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29
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Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. A Monoanionic Arsenide Source: Decarbonylation of the 2-Arsaethynolate Anion upon Reaction with Bulky Stannylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15515-15519. [PMID: 27862768 PMCID: PMC5299489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report fundamental studies on the reactivity of the 2-arsaethynolate anion (AsCO- ), a species that has only recently become synthetically accessible. The reaction of AsCO- with the bulky stannylene Ter2 Sn (Ter=2,6-bis[2,4,6-trimethylphenyl]phenyl) is described, which leads to the unexpected formation of a [Ter3 Sn2 As2 ]- cluster compound. On the reaction pathway to this cluster, several intermediates were identified and characterized. After the initial association of AsCO- to Ter2 Sn, decarbonylation occurs to give an anion featuring monocoordinate arsenic, [Ter2 SnAs]- . Both species are not stable under ambient conditions, and [Ter2 SnAs]- rearranges to form [TerSnAsTer]- , an unprecedented anionic mixed Group 14/15 alkene analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOX1 3TAOxfordUK
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30
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Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. Eine monoanionische Arsenid-Quelle: Decarbonylierung des 2-Arsaethinolat-Anions bei der Reaktion mit Stannylenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
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31
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Heift D, Benkő Z, Suter R, Verel R, Grützmacher H. The reactivity of acyl chlorides towards sodium phosphaethynolate, Na(OCP): a mechanistic case study. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6125-6131. [PMID: 30034752 PMCID: PMC6024182 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of Na(OCP) with mesitoyl chloride delivers an ester functionalized 1,2,4-oxadiphosphole in a clean and P-atom economic way. The reaction mechanism has been elucidated by means of detailed NMR-spectroscopic, kinetic and computational studies. The initially formed acyl phosphaketene undergoes a pseudo-coarctate cyclization with an (OCP)- anion under the loss of carbon monoxide to yield a five-membered ring anion. Subsequently, the nucleophilic attack of the formed heterocyclic anion on a second acyl chloride molecule results in the 1,2,4-oxadiphosphole. The transient acyl phosphaketene is conserved during the reaction in the form of four-membered ring adducts, which act as a reservoir. Consequently, the phosphaethynolate anion has three different functions in these reactions: it acts as a nucleophile, as an en-component in [2 + 2] cycloadditions and as a formal P- transfer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominikus Heift
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics , H-1111 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) , Sun Yat-Sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , China
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32
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. A Convenient Synthesis of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-Azadiphospholes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14979-14987. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou P.R. China
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33
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Lichtenberg C, Krummenacher I. Aminotroponiminates as tunable, redox-active ligands: reversible single electron transfer and reductive dimerisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10044-7. [PMID: 27452905 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aminotroponiminates (atis) are shown to be redox-active ligands. Under strongly reducing conditions, the result of electron transfer can be controlled by the choice of the metal bound to the ati ligand. Either reversible electron transfer or a reductively induced dimerisation is observed. The latter reaction is (regio- and diastereo-) selective and chemically reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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34
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Wu Y, Liu LL, Su J, Zhu J, Ji Z, Zhao Y. Isolation of a Heavier Cyclobutadiene Analogue: 2,4-Digerma-1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yile Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. The 2-Arsaethynolate Anion: Synthesis and Reactivity Towards Heteroallenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
| | - Jose M. Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road OX1 3TA Oxford UK
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36
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Hinz A, Goicoechea JM. The 2-Arsaethynolate Anion: Synthesis and Reactivity Towards Heteroallenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8536-41. [PMID: 27093942 PMCID: PMC5074235 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and isolation of the 2-arsaethynolate anion, AsCO(-) , and its subsequent reactivity towards heteroallenes is reported. Reactions with ketenes and carbodiimides afford four-membered anionic heterocycles in formal [2+2] cycloaddition reactions. By contrast, reaction with an isocyanate yielded a 1,4,2-diazaarsolidine-3,5-dionide anion and the unprecedented cluster anions As10 (2-) and As12 (4-) . These preliminary reactivity studies hint at the enormous potential synthetic utility of this novel anion, which may be employed as an arsenide (As(-) ) source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, Oxford, UK.
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37
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Gudat D. A very peculiar family of N-heterocyclic phosphines: unusual structures and the unique reactivity of 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5896-907. [PMID: 26863391 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective gives an account of the peculiar electronic and molecular structures of N-heterocyclic phosphines featuring either a single 1,3,2-diazaphospholene (DAP) ring with an exocyclic P-substituent X or two DAP rings linked by a P-P bond (bis-diazaphospholenyls), respectively, and their impact on the chemical properties of these molecules. The bonding situation in simple DAPs is epitomized by strong hyperconjugation between endocyclic π-type electrons and the exocyclic P-X bond. This interaction may induce a perceptible ionic polarization of the P-X bond which can persist even in the limit of a vanishing electronegativity gradient between P and X, and becomes visible in unusual geometric distortions of molecular structures and a unique chemical behaviour. Structural distortions are particularly evident in bond lengthening effects in P-halogen and P-phosphino derivatives R2P-DAP (with R2P ≠ DAP) which span the whole range from covalent molecules to contact ion pairs with a close relation to frustrated Lewis-pairs. The most significant impact on the chemical properties is found for P-phosphino- and P-hydrogen derivatives where reactions at substantially accelerated rates or totally new reaction modes can be observed, and new stoichiometric and first catalytic processes exploiting these features are currently emerging. The recently discovered bis-diazaphospholenyls differ from the simple derivatives as their central bond remains unpolarised as a consequence of the symmetric molecular structure. The occurrence of low-energy P-P bond homolysis that was nonetheless observed in one case is according to the results of thermochemical studies of P-P bond fission reactions attributable to the effects of steric congestion and induces chemical reactivity that can be considered complementary to that of the simple R2P-DAPs. Some concluding remarks will pay attention to a facet of DAP reactivity that has so far been widely neglected but is currently receiving increasing attention, namely well-defined ring-opening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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38
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Jupp AR, Geeson MB, McGrady JE, Goicoechea JM. Ambient-Temperature Synthesis of 2-Phosphathioethynolate, PCS -, and the Ligand Properties of ECX - (E = N, P; X = O, S). Eur J Inorg Chem 2016; 2016:639-648. [PMID: 27134553 PMCID: PMC4845559 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the 2-phosphathioethynolate anion, PCS-, under ambient conditions is reported. The coordination chemistry of PCO-, PCS- and their nitrogen-containing congeners is also explored. Photolysis of a solution of W(CO)6 in the presence of PCO- [or a simple ligand displacement reaction using W(CO)5(MeCN)] affords [W(CO)5(PCO)]- (1). The cyanate and thiocyanate analogues, [W(CO)5(NCO)]- (2) and [W(CO)5(NCS)]- (3), are also synthesised using a similar methodology, allowing for an in-depth study of the bonding properties of this family of related ligands. Our studies reveal that, in the coordination sphere of tungsten(0), the PCO- anion preferentially binds through the phosphorus atom in a strongly bent fashion, while NCO- and NCS- coordinate linearly through the nitrogen atom. Reactions between PCS- and W(CO)5(MeCN) similarly afford [W(CO)5(PCS)]-; however, due to the ambidentate nature of the anion, a mixture of both the phosphorus- and sulfur-bonded complexes (4a and 4b, respectively) is obtained. It was possible to establish that, as with PCO-, the PCS- ion also coordinates to the metal centre in a bent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK, http://research.chem.ox.ac.uk/jose-goicoechea.aspx
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK, http://research.chem.ox.ac.uk/jose-goicoechea.aspx
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK, http://research.chem.ox.ac.uk/jose-goicoechea.aspx
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK, http://research.chem.ox.ac.uk/jose-goicoechea.aspx
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39
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Liu L, Ruiz DA, Dahcheh F, Bertrand G, Suter R, Tondreau AM, Grützmacher H. Isolation of Au-, Co-η 1PCO and Cu-η 2PCO complexes, conversion of an Ir-η 1PCO complex into a dimetalladiphosphene, and an interaction-free PCO anion. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2335-2341. [PMID: 29997776 PMCID: PMC6003603 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium phosphaethynolate reacts with [MCl(PDI)] (M = Co, Ir; PDI = pyridinediimine) to give metallaphosphaketenes, which in the case of iridium rearranges into a dimetalladiphosphene.
Sodium phosphaethynolate reacts with [MCl(PDI)] (M = Co, Ir; PDI = pyridinediimine) to give metallaphosphaketenes, which in the case of iridium rearranges into a dimetalladiphosphene, via CO migration from phosphorus to the metal. Two different bonding modes of the PCO anion to CAAC-coinage metal complexes [CAAC: cyclic (alkyl)(amino)(carbene)] are reported, one featuring a strong Au–P bond and the other an η2 coordination to copper. The gold complex appears to be mostly unreactive whereas the copper complex readily reacts with various organic substrates. A completely free PCO anion was structurally characterized as the [Cu(La)2]+ (OCP)– salt. It results from the simple displacement of the PCO unit of the cationic (CAAC)Cu(PCO) complex by a second equivalent of CAAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0343 , USA . .,Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - David A Ruiz
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0343 , USA .
| | - Fatme Dahcheh
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0343 , USA .
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555) , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093-0343 , USA .
| | - Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Aaron M Tondreau
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland .
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40
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Jost M, Finger LH, Sundermeyer J, von Hänisch C. Simple access to ionic liquids and organic salts containing the phosphaethynolate (PCO−) and Zintl (Sb113−) anions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11646-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and almost quantitative synthesis of the first salts of the PCO− anion with organic cations is presented. Moreover, we discovered a simple synthesis for [P(nBu)3Me]+3[Sb11]3−, the first organic cation salt comprising the Zintl-anion [Sb11]3−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jost
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Lars H. Finger
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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41
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Li Z, Chen X, Li Y, Su CY, Grützmacher H. N-Heterocyclic carbene phosphaketene adducts as precursors to carbene–phosphinidene adducts and a rearranged π-system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11343-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium phosphaethynolate, Na(OCP), is demonstrated to be successful for the synthesis of NHC–phosphinidene adducts and a linear π-conjugated molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- 510632 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- 510275 Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
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42
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Heinicke JW. Electron-Rich Aromatic 1,3-Heterophospholes - Recent Syntheses and Impact of High Electron Density at σ2P on the Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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43
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Camp C, Settineri N, Lefèvre J, Jupp AR, Goicoechea JM, Maron L, Arnold J. Uranium and thorium complexes of the phosphaethynolate ion. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6379-6384. [PMID: 30090257 PMCID: PMC6054101 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New tris-amidinate actinide (Th, U) complexes containing a rare O-bound terminal phosphaethynolate (OCP - ) ligand were synthesized and fully characterized. The cyanate (OCN - ) and thiocyanate (SCN - ) analogs were prepared for comparison and feature a preferential N-coordination to the actinide metals. The Th(amid)3(OCP) complex reacts with Ni(COD)2 to yield the heterobimetallic adduct (amid) 3 Th(μ-η 1 (O):η 2 (C,P)-OCP)Ni(COD) featuring an unprecedented reduced (OCP - ) bent fragment bridging the two metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Camp
- Heavy Element Chemistry Group , Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Nicholas Settineri
- Heavy Element Chemistry Group , Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Julia Lefèvre
- LPCNO , Université de Toulouse , INSA Toulouse , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France .
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - José M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK .
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO , Université de Toulouse , INSA Toulouse , 135 Avenue de Rangueil , 31077 Toulouse , France .
| | - John Arnold
- Heavy Element Chemistry Group , Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
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44
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Liu LL, Zhu J, Zhao Y. The phosphaethynolate anion reacts with unsaturated bonds: DFT investigations into [2+2], [3+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:11347-11349. [PMID: 25163768 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04610b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the [2+2], [3+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions of the phosphaethynolate anion (PCO(-)). The results reveal that the electronic properties of different unsaturated compounds play a crucial role in reactivity and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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45
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Jupp AR, Trott G, Payen de la Garanderie É, Holl JDG, Carmichael D, Goicoechea JM. Exploiting the Brønsted acidity of phosphinecarboxamides for the synthesis of new phosphides and phosphines. Chemistry 2015; 21:8015-8. [PMID: 25892576 PMCID: PMC4515089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the synthesis of new N-functionalized phosphinecarboxamides is possible by reaction of primary and secondary amines with PCO(-) in the presence of a proton source. These reactions proceed with varying degrees of success, and although primary amines generally afford the corresponding phosphinecarboxamides in good yields, secondary amines react more sluggishly and often give rise to significant decomposition of the 2-phosphaethynolate precursor. Of the new N-derivatized phosphinecarboxamides available, PH2C(O)NHCy (Cy = cyclohexyl) can be obtained in sufficiently high yields to allow for the exploration of its Brønsted acidity. Thus, deprotonating PH2C(O)NHCy with one equivalent of potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) gave the new phosphide [PHC(O)NHCy](-). In contrast, deprotonation with half of an equivalent gives rise to [P{C(O)NHCy}2](-) and PH3. These phosphides can be employed to give new phosphines by reactions with electrophiles, thus demonstrating their enormous potential as chemical building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Gemma Trott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | | | - James D G Holl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Duncan Carmichael
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, École Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau cedex (France)
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK).
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46
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Heift D, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H, Jupp AR, Goicoechea JM. Cyclo-oligomerization of isocyanates with Na(PH 2) or Na(OCP) as "P -" anion sources. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4017-4024. [PMID: 28717463 PMCID: PMC5497264 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00963d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the 2-phosphaethynolate anion, OCP-, is a simple and efficient catalyst for the cyclotrimerization of isocyanates. This process proceeds step-wise and involves five-membered heterocycles, namely 1,4,2-diazaphospholidine-3,5-dionide anions and spiro-phosphoranides as detectable intermediates, both of which were also found to be involved in the catalytic conversion. These species can be considered as adducts of a phosphide anion with two and four isocyanate molecules, respectively, demonstrating that the OCP- anion acts as a formal "P-" source. The interconversion between these anionic species was found to be reversible, allowing them to serve as reservoirs for unique phosphorus-based living-catalysts for isocyanate trimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominikus Heift
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ; .,Budapest University of Technology and Economics , 1111 Budapest , Hungary .
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland . ; .,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) , Sun Yat-Sen University , 510275 Guangzhou , China
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , UK
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47
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Robinson TP, Goicoechea JM. Synthesis of anionic phosphorus-containing heterocycles by intramolecular cyclizations involving N-functionalized phosphinecarboxamides. Chemistry 2015; 21:5727-31. [PMID: 25736217 PMCID: PMC4405058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report that the 2-phosphaethynolate anion (PCO(-)) reacts with propargylamines in the presence of a proton source to afford novel N-derivatized phosphinecarboxamides bearing alkyne functionalities. Deprotonation of these species gives rise to novel five- and six-membered anionic heterocycles resulting from intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the resulting phosphide at the alkyne functionality (via 5-exo-dig or 6-endo-dig cyclizations, respectively). The nature of the substituents on the phosphinecarboxamide can be used to influence the outcome of these reactions. This strategy represents a unique approach to phosphorus-containing heterocylic systems that are closely related to known organic molecules with interesting bio-active properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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48
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Robinson TP, Cowley MJ, Scheschkewitz D, Goicoechea JM. Phosphide delivery to a cyclotrisilene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:683-6. [PMID: 25418506 PMCID: PMC4506556 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the 2-phosphaethynolate anion (PCO−) towards a cyclic trisilene (cSi3(Tip)4) is reported. The result is the net activation of the P=C and Si=Si multiple bonds of the precursors affording a heteroatomic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-2-one analogue ([P(CO)Si3(Tip)4]−; 1). This reaction can be interpreted as the formal addition of a phosphide and a carbonyl across the Si=Si double bond. Photolytic decarbonylation of 1 results in the incorporation of the phosphide vertex into the cyclotrisilene scaffold, yielding a congener of the cyclobutene anion with considerable allylic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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49
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Robinson TP, Cowley MJ, Scheschkewitz D, Goicoechea JM. Phosphideinbau in ein Cyclotrisilen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Turbervill RSP, Goicoechea JM. From clusters to unorthodox pnictogen sources: solution-phase reactivity of [E7](3-) (E = P-Sb) anions. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10807-28. [PMID: 25333632 DOI: 10.1021/cr500387w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S P Turbervill
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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