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Poolwong J, Kracht F, Moinet E, Liang Y, D'Elia V, Anwander R. Samarium- and Ytterbium-Grafted Periodic Mesoporous Silica for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17972-17984. [PMID: 37856826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized coordination compounds of Lewis acidic metals are powerful catalytic components of systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides that do not require sophisticated coordination frameworks to harness the metal center and modulate its activity. Surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) is a valuable methodology to prepare well-defined and site-isolated surface complexes and coordination compounds on metal oxides, with ligand environments easily adjustable to a targeted catalytic reaction. In this work, the SOMC methodology is applied to prepare SmII, YbII, and SmIII alkoxide surface complexes on periodic mesoporous (organo)silica of distinct pore symmetry/size for application in the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. The surface complexes are readily accessible by the grafting of the bis(trimethylsilyl)amide precursors LnII[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (Ln = Sm, Yb) and SmIII[N(SiMe3)2]3, followed by ligand exchange with alcohols (ethanol and neopentanol). The use of periodic mesoporous supports led to hybrid materials with relatively high surface areas and pore sizes, affording good performance in CO2 capture and in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under mild conditions (60-80 °C, 1-10 bar). In terms of catalytic performance, recyclability, and low amount of added nucleophile TBAX (X = Br, I), the most active materials prepared in this work compare well to a variety of previously reported SOMC-derived surface complexes and to other heterogeneous Lewis acids displaying more elaborate ligand environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitpisut Poolwong
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo1, Payupnai, WangChan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kracht
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Moinet
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 555 Moo1, Payupnai, WangChan, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Hsueh FC, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Sienkiewicz A, Mazzanti M. Isolation and redox reactivity of cerium complexes in four redox states. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6011-6021. [PMID: 37293643 PMCID: PMC10246686 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of lanthanides is limited to one electron transfer reactions due to the difficulty of accessing multiple oxidation states. Here we report that a redox-active ligand combining three siloxides with an arene ring in a tripodal ligand can stabilize cerium complexes in four different redox states and can promote multielectron redox reactivity in cerium complexes. Ce(iii) and Ce(iv) complexes [(LO3)Ce(THF)] (1) and [(LO3)CeCl] (2) (LO3 = 1,3,5-(2-OSi(OtBu)2C6H4)3C6H3) were synthesized and fully characterized. Remarkably the one-electron reduction and the unprecedented two-electron reduction of the tripodal Ce(iii) complex are easily achieved to yield reduced complexes [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][(LO3)Ce(THF)] (3) and [K2{(LO3)Ce(Et2O)3}] (5) that are formally "Ce(ii)" and "Ce(i)" analogues. Structural analysis, UV and EPR spectroscopy and computational studies indicate that in 3 the cerium oxidation state is in between +II and +III with a partially reduced arene. In 5 the arene is doubly reduced, but the removal of potassium results in a redistribution of electrons on the metal. The electrons in both 3 and 5 are stored onto δ-bonds allowing the reduced complexes to be described as masked "Ce(ii)" and "Ce(i)". Preliminary reactivity studies show that these complexes act as masked Ce(ii) and Ce(i) in redox reactions with oxidizing substrates such as Ag+, CO2, I2 and S8 effecting both one- and two-electron transfers that are not accessible in classical cerium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- ADSresonances Sàrl 1920 Martigny Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Afonin MY, Sukhikh TS, Konchenko SN. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF SALTS OF THE N,N′,N″-TRIS(4-(PHENYLDIAZENYL)PHENYL) IMIDOSULFITE ANION – AN ORGANIC ANALOGUE OF $$\mathbf{SO}_{\mathbf{3}}^{\mathbf{2}-}$$. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Willauer AR, Fadaei-Tirani F, Zivkovic I, Sienkiewicz A, Mazzanti M. Structure and Reactivity of Polynuclear Divalent Lanthanide Disiloxanediolate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7436-7447. [PMID: 35505299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trinuclear molecular complexes of europium (II) and ytterbium(II) [Ln3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3(THF)6], 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb), supported by the dianionic tetraphenyl disiloxanediolate ligand, were synthesized via protonolysis of the [Ln{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] complexes. In contrast, the reaction of [Sm{N(SiMe3)2}2(THF)2] with the (Ph2SiOH)2O ligand led to the isolation of the mixed-valent Sm(II)/Sm(III) complex [Sm3{(Ph2SiO)2O}3{N(SiMe3)2}(THF)4], 2-Sm3L3, which was crystallographically characterized. The Eu(II) complex 1-Eu3L3 displays weak ferromagnetic coupling between the Eu(II) metal centers (J = 0.1035 cm-1). The addition of 3 equiv of (Ph2SiOK)2O to 1-Eu3L3 resulted in the formation of the polynuclear Eu(II) dimer of dimers [K4Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4(Et2O)2]2, 3-Eu2L4. Complexes 1-Ln3L3 (Ln = Eu and Yb) are stable in solution at room temperature, while 3-Eu2L4 shows higher reactivity and rapidly decomposes to give the mixed-valent Eu(II)/Eu(III) species [K3Eu2{(Ph2SiO)2O}4], 4-Eu2L4. Complex 1-Yb3L3 affects the slow reductive disproportionation of carbon dioxide, but 1-Eu3L3 does not display any reactivity toward CO2. However, the presence of one additional (Ph2SiO-)2O per Eu(II) metal center in 3-Eu2L4 increases dramatically the reductive ability of the Eu(II) metal centers, affording the first example of carbon dioxide activation by an isolated divalent europium complex. The reduction of CO2 by 3-Eu2L4 is immediate, and carbonate is formed selectively after the addition of a stoichiometric amount of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,ADSresonances Sàrl; Route de Genève 60B, 1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordination Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Marx M, Frauendorf H, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Beller M. Revisiting Reduction of CO 2 to Oxalate with First-Row Transition Metals: Irreproducibility, Ambiguous Analysis, and Conflicting Reactivity. JACS AU 2022; 2:731-744. [PMID: 35373201 PMCID: PMC8970009 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Construction of higher C≥2 compounds from CO2 constitutes an attractive transformation inspired by nature's strategy to build carbohydrates. However, controlled C-C bond formation from carbon dioxide using environmentally benign reductants remains a major challenge. In this respect, reductive dimerization of CO2 to oxalate represents an important model reaction enabling investigations on the mechanism of this simplest CO2 coupling reaction. Herein, we present common pitfalls encountered in CO2 reduction, especially its reductive coupling, based on established protocols for the conversion of CO2 into oxalate. Moreover, we provide an example to systematically assess these reactions. Based on our work, we highlight the importance of utilizing suitable orthogonal analytical methods and raise awareness of oxidative reactions that can likewise result in the formation of oxalate without incorporation of CO2. These results allow for the determination of key parameters, which can be used for tailoring of prospective catalytic systems and will promote the advancement of the entire field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Marx
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Willauer AR, Douair I, Chauvin AS, Fadaei-Tirani F, Bünzli JCG, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Structure, reactivity and luminescence studies of triphenylsiloxide complexes of tetravalent lanthanides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:681-691. [PMID: 35173932 PMCID: PMC8769062 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 14 lanthanide elements (Ce–Lu), until recently, the tetravalent oxidation state was readily accessible in solution only for cerium while Pr(iv), Nd(iv), Dy(iv) and Tb(iv) had only been detected in the solid state. The triphenylsiloxide ligand recently allowed the isolation of molecular complexes of Tb(iv) and Pr(iv) providing an unique opportunity of investigating the luminescent properties of Ln(iv) ions. Here we have expanded the coordination studies of the triphenylsiloxide ligand with Ln(iii) and Ln(iv) ions and we report the first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes which are assigned to a ligand-based emission on the basis of the measured lifetime and computational studies. Binding of the ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large shift of the ligand triplet state which is relevant for future applications in materials science. The first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes are assigned to a ligand-based emission. Binding of the triphenylsiloxide ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large red shift of its triplet state.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude G Bünzli
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen China
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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7
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Chung AB, Ryan AJ, Fang M, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Reductive Reactivity of the 4f 75d 1 Gd(II) Ion in {Gd II[N(SiMe 3) 2] 3} -: Structural Characterization of Products of Coupling, Bond Cleavage, Insertion, and Radical Reactions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15635-15645. [PMID: 34606242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reductive reactivity of a Ln(II) ion with a nontraditional 4fn5d1 electron configuration has been investigated by studying reactions of the {GdII(N(SiMe3)2)3]}- anion with a variety of reagents that survey the many reaction pathways available to this ion. The chemistry of both [K(18-c-6)2]+ and [K(crypt)]+ salts (18-c-6 = 18-crown-6; crypt = 2.2.2-cryptand) was examined to study the effect of the countercation. CS2 reacts with the crown salt [K(18-c-6)2][Gd(NR2)3] (1) to generate the bimetallic (CS3)2- complex {[K(18-c-6)](μ3-CS3-κS,κ2S',S'')Gd(NR2)2]}2, which contains two trithiocarbonate dianions that bridge Gd(III) centers and a potassium ion coordinated by 18-c-6. In contrast, the only crystalline product isolated from the reaction of CS2 with the crypt salt [K(crypt)][Gd(NR2)3] (2) is [K(crypt)]{(R2N)2Gd[SCS(CH2)Si(Me2)N(SiMe3)-κN,κS]}, which has a CS2 unit inserted into a cyclometalated amide ligand. Complexes 1 and 2 reductively couple pyridine to form bridging dipyridyl moieties, (NC5H4-C5H4N)2-, that generate bimetallic complexes differing only in the countercation, {[K(18-c-6)(C5H5N)2]}2{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-(NC5H4-C5H4N)2]} and [K(crypt)]2{[(R2N)3Gd]2[μ-(NC5H4-C5H4N)2]}. Complexes 1 and 2 also show similar reactivity with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) to form the (TEMPO)- complexes [K(18-c-6)][(R2N)3Gd(η1-ONC5H6Me4)] and [K(crypt)][(R2N)3Gd(η1-ONC5H6Me4)], respectively. The first example of a bimetallic coordination complex containing a Bi-Gd bond, [K(crypt)][(R2N)3Gd(BiPh2)], was obtained by treating 2 with BiPh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Austin J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ming Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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8
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Pérez‐Pérez J, Hernández‐Balderas U, Martínez‐Otero D, Moya‐Cabrera M, Jancik V. Alkali Metallosilicates: Synthesis, Structure and Evaluation in the ROP of ϵ‐Caprolactone. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Pérez‐Pérez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Uvaldo Hernández‐Balderas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Diego Martínez‐Otero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Mónica Moya‐Cabrera
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 50200 Toluca Estado de México México
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9
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Modder DK, Palumbo CT, Douair I, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Single metal four-electron reduction by U(ii) and masked "U(ii)" compounds. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6153-6158. [PMID: 33996013 PMCID: PMC8098655 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox chemistry of uranium is dominated by single electron transfer reactions while single metal four-electron transfers remain unknown in f-element chemistry. Here we show that the oxo bridged diuranium(iii) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)]2[{((Me3Si)2N)3U}2(μ-O)], 1, effects the two-electron reduction of diphenylacetylene and the four-electron reduction of azobenzene through a masked U(ii) intermediate affording a stable metallacyclopropene complex of uranium(iv), [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(η 2-C2Ph2){N(SiMe3)2}3], 3, and a bis(imido)uranium(vi) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(NPh)2{N(SiMe3)2}3], 4, respectively. The same reactivity is observed for the previously reported U(ii) complex [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U{N(SiMe3)2}3], 2. Computational studies indicate that the four-electron reduction of azobenzene occurs at a single U(ii) centre via two consecutive two-electron transfers and involves the formation of a U(iv) hydrazide intermediate. The isolation of the cis-hydrazide intermediate [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][U(N2Ph2){N(SiMe3)2}3], 5, corroborated the mechanism proposed for the formation of the U(vi) bis(imido) complex. The reduction of azobenzene by U(ii) provided the first example of a "clear-cut" single metal four-electron transfer in f-element chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje K Modder
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Chad T Palumbo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse Toulouse 31077 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse Toulouse 31077 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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10
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Hay MA, Boskovic C. Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:3608-3637. [PMID: 32965741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox-active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox-activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid-based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox-activity in pre-existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox-activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Long J, Tolpygin AO, Cherkasov AV, Nelyubina YV, Guari Y, Larionova J, Trifonov AA. Tuning the coordination sphere of octahedral Dy( iii) complexes with silanolate/stannanolate ligands: synthesis, structures and slow relaxation of the magnetization. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports four SMMs based on silanolate or stannanolate ligands cis-[Dy(OSiPh3)2(THF)4][BPh4]·THF·C6H6 (1), cis-[Dy(OSnPh3)2(THF)4][BPh4]·THF·C6H6·C6H14 (2), fac-[Dy(OSiPh3)3(THF)3]·THF (3) and fac-[Dy(OSiPh3)3(bipy)(THF)]·THF (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Long
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Aleksei O. Tolpygin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- A.N.Nesmeyanov.Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A.N.Nesmeyanov.Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yannick Guari
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- A.N.Nesmeyanov.Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova str, 119334, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Mukthar NFM, Schley ND, Ung G. Alkali-metal- and halide-free dinuclear mixed-valent samarium and europium complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16059-16061. [PMID: 32292977 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of mixed-valent (Ln(ii)/Ln(iii)) dilanthanide complexes supported by a calix[4]pyrrole ligand. The complexes are obtained by one-electron reduction of Ln(iii)/Ln(iii) complexes and are alkali-metal- and halide-free. The complexes are designed to activate small molecules by taking advantage of both the base and the one-electron reductant contained in their structure. We demonstrate a proof-of-principle concept of this mechanism by activating water and silanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishya F M Mukthar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.
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13
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Labrum NS, Cabelof AC, Caulton KG. A Dimeric Chromium(II) Pincer as an Electron Shuttle for N=N Bond Scission. Chemistry 2020; 26:13915-13926. [PMID: 32428366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the bis-pyrazolyl pyridine complex [CrL]2 with 4 KC8 , followed by addition of one azobenzene (overall mole ratio 1:4:1), PhNNPh, transfers reducing equivalents to three azobenzenes, to form [K3 Cr(PhNNPh)3 ]. This has three κ2 PhNNPh2- ligands and K+ bound to nitrogen atoms of azobenzene. When the stoichiometry is modified to 1:4:3, the product is changed to [K2 CrL(PhNNPh)2 ], which has C2 symmetry except for the intimate ion pairing of two K+ ions to reduced azobenzene nitrogen atoms, and to pyrazolate and phenyl rings. The origin of the observed delivery of reducing equivalents to several, not to a single N=N bond, is traced to the resistance of the one-electron-reduced substrate to receiving a second electron, and is thus a general phenomenon. [CrL]2 alone is shown to be a two-electron reductant towards benzo[c]cinnoline (BCC) resulting in a product of formula [Cr2 L2 (BCC)], in which the reducing equivalents originate purely from CrII . An analogous study of the reaction of [CrL]2 with azobenzene yields [Cr2 L2 (PhNNPh)(THF)], an adduct in which one THF has displaced one of four hydrazide nitrogen/Cr bonds. Together these illustrate different modes for the Cr2 L2 unit to bind and reduce the N=N bond. Collectively, these results show that two divalent Cr, without added K0 , have the ability to reduce the N=N bond. Further KC8 reduction of preformed Cr2 L2 (RNNR) inevitably gives products in which K+ stabilizes the charge in the increasingly electron-rich nitrogen atoms, in a phenomenon which mimics proton coupled electron transfer: K+ performs the role of H+ . A least-squares fit of the two singly reduced DFT structures shows that the only major change is a re-orientation of one of the two phenyl rings in order to avoid repulsion with potassium but to still allow interaction of that phenyl π system with K+ . This shows both the impact of K+ , being modest to nitrogen/chromium interactions, but nevertheless accommodating some π donation of phenyl to potassium. Finally, delivering increasing equivalents of KC8 leads to complete cleavage of the N=N bond, and both N bind to three CrII . The varied impacts of the K+ electrophile on NN multiple bond reduction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Labrum
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Alyssa C Cabelof
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
| | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405-7102, USA
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14
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Bayer U, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Effective and Reversible Carbon Dioxide Insertion into Cerium Pyrazolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5830-5836. [PMID: 31916355 PMCID: PMC7155069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The homoleptic pyrazolate complexes [CeIII 4 (Me2 pz)12 ] and [CeIV (Me2 pz)4 ]2 quantitatively insert CO2 to give [CeIII 4 (Me2 pz⋅CO2 )12 ] and [CeIV (Me2 pz⋅CO2 )4 ], respectively (Me2 pz=3,5-dimethylpyrazolato). This process is reversible for both complexes, as observed by in situ IR and NMR spectroscopy in solution and by TGA in the solid state. By adjusting the molar ratio, one molecule of CO2 per [CeIV (Me2 pz)4 ] complex could be inserted to give trimetallic [Ce3 (Me2 pz)9 (Me2 pz⋅CO2 )3 (thf)]. Both the cerous and ceric insertion products catalyze the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 under mild conditions. In the absence of epoxide, the ceric catalyst is prone to reduction by the co-catalyst tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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15
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Jori N, Falcone M, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Multimetallic Uranium(IV) Complexes Supported by Redox-Active Schiff Base Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Falcone
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Bayer U, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Effective and Reversible Carbon Dioxide Insertion into Cerium Pyrazolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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17
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Liu X, Xiang L, Wang C, Wang B, Leng X, Chen Y. Divalent Ytterbium Iodide Supported by β‐Diketiminato Based Tridentate Ligand: Synthesis, Structure and Small Molecule Activation
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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18
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Willauer AR, Dabrowska AM, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Structure and small molecule activation reactivity of a metallasilsesquioxane of divalent ytterbium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8936-8939. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first metallasilsesquioxane of a divalent lanthanide was synthetized and structurally characterized. The dinuclear Yb(ii) complex effects the two electrons reduction of azobenzene, and the selective CO2 reduction to CO and carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R. Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Anna M. Dabrowska
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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19
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Jori N, Toniolo D, Huynh BC, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Carbon dioxide reduction by lanthanide(iii) complexes supported by redox-active Schiff base ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of Ln(iii)-trensal complexes allows to store electrons, that become available for CO2 reduction, trough the formation of new C–C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Jori
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Davide Toniolo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Bang C. Huynh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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20
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Bayer U, Anwander R. Carbonyl group and carbon dioxide activation by rare-earth-metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17472-17493. [PMID: 33232414 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03578e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rare-earth elements (Ln = Sc, Y, La-Lu) are widely used in stoichiometric and catalytic carbonyl group transformations. Sufficient availability, non-toxicity, high oxophilicity, tunable ion size/Lewis acidity and enhanced ligand exchangeability have been major driving factors for their successful implementation. Routinely employed reagents for stoichiometric carbonyl group transformations are divalent ytterbium and samarium compounds (e.g., ketone reduction), bimetallic CeCl3/LiR (C-C coupling), or ceric ammonium nitrate CAN (cyclic ketone oxidation). Rare-earth-metal triflates, and in particular Sc(OTf)3, are prominent examples of Lewis acid catalysts for versatile use in organic synthesis (e.g., Aldol and Michael reactions). Moreover, Ln(ii) and Ln(iii) complexes efficiently catalyze the (co)polymerization of carbonyl group-containing monomers including lactones, lactides, acrylates, and carbon dioxide. Featuring the most notorious greenhouse gas, CO2 is currently assessed as a cheap, abundant, and non-toxic C1 building block. Ln(iii) complexes are not only capable of efficient CO2 capture via reversible insertion but also of CO2 activation for catalytic conversions (copolymerization/cycloaddition with epoxides). This perspective focuses on structurally elucidated Ln complexes resulting from ketone or carbonyl derivative activation/insertion as well as carbon dioxide insertion products. The respective compounds will be sorted by structural motifs and, if applicable, details on reactivity and feasibility of catalytic reactions are presented. The article is subdivided in three parts: (i) donor and insertion products of ketones and aldehydes, (ii) redox-enhanced activation of carbonyl derivatives, and (iii) CO2 insertion/redox products and homogeneous catalytic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (EKUT), Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Barluzzi L, Falcone M, Mazzanti M. Small molecule activation by multimetallic uranium complexes supported by siloxide ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13031-13047. [PMID: 31608910 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of uranium compounds supported by the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligand is surveyed. The multiple binding modes of the tert-butoxysiloxide ligand have proven very well suited to stabilize highly reactive homo- and heteropolymetallic complexes of uranium that have shown an unusual high reactivity towards small molecules such as CO2, CS2, chalcogens and azides. Moreover, these ligands have allowed the isolation of dinuclear nitride and oxide bridged complexes of uranium in various oxidation states. The ability of the tris-tert-butoxysiloxide ligands to trap alkali ions in these nitride or oxide complexes leads to unprecedented ligand based and metal based reduction and functionalization of N2, CO, CO2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marta Falcone
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- I Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Homo- and heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines mediated by alkali metal catalysts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2786. [PMID: 31243267 PMCID: PMC6594957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemistry that involves the activation and transformation of main group substrates is relatively undeveloped and current examples are generally mediated by expensive transition metal species. Herein, we describe the use of inexpensive and readily available tBuOK as a catalyst for P-P and P-E (E = O, S, or N) bond formation. Catalytic quantities of tBuOK in the presence of imine, azobenzene hydrogen acceptors, or a stoichiometric amount of tBuOK with hydrazobenzene, allow efficient homodehydrocoupling of phosphines under mild conditions (e.g. 25 °C and < 5 min). Further studies demonstrate that the hydrogen acceptors play an intimate mechanistic role. We also show that our tBuOK catalysed methodology is general for the heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines with alcohols, thiols and amines to generate a range of potentially useful products containing P-O, P-S, or P-N bonds.
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23
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Palumbo CT, Zivkovic I, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9827-9831. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad T. Palumbo
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Toniolo D, Willauer AR, Andrez J, Yang Y, Scopelliti R, Maron L, Mazzanti M. CS
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Reductive Coupling to Acetylenedithiolate by a Dinuclear Ytterbium(II) Complex. Chemistry 2019; 25:7831-7834. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Toniolo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Aurélien R. Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Julie Andrez
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objetsInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objetsInstitut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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Abstract
Elaborate synthesis schemes pave the way to f-element and group 3 complexes with multiply bonded imido ligands displaying intriguing reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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26
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Willauer AR, Toniolo D, Fadaei-Tirani F, Yang Y, Laurent M, Mazzanti M. Carbon dioxide reduction by dinuclear Yb(ii) and Sm(ii) complexes supported by siloxide ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6100-6110. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00554d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-coordinate dinuclear lanthanide complexes supported by siloxides effect the reduction of carbon dioxide to both carbonate and oxalate, but the cooperative binding of CO2 to the two Ln(ii) cations in the dimer favours oxalate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R. Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Davide Toniolo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Yan Yang
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA
- UPS
- CNRS
- UMR 5215
- LPCNO
| | - Maron Laurent
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA
- UPS
- CNRS
- UMR 5215
- LPCNO
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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27
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Werner D, Anwander R. Unveiling the Takai Olefination Reagent via Tris( tert-butoxy)siloxy Variants. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14334-14341. [PMID: 30213182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The elusive Takai olefination reagent, namely, the iodo-methylidene Cr(III) complex [Cr2Cl4(CHI)(thf)4], has been isolated by careful handling of the reaction between CrCl2 and CHI3 in THF at -35 °C. Alternatively, treatment of [Cr(OSi(O tBu)3)2] with CHI3 gave the mixed-valent dihalido-methanide complex [CrII/III2I2(OSi(O tBu)3)2(CHI2)], featuring a Cr(III)-CHI2 moiety. In the presence of TMEDA nucleophilic attack at CHI2 occurred generating the zwitterionic species [CrIII(OSi(O tBu)3)2(tmeda-CHI)][I]. Complexes [Cr2Cl4(CHI)(thf)4] and [CrII/III2I2(OSi(O tBu)3)2(CHI2)] were screened for their ability to induce monohalido olefination of benzaldehyde. Remarkably, both complexes promote olefination, with [Cr2Cl4(CHI)(thf)4] accomplishing the same E selectivity as Takai 's original mixture. Complex [CrII/III2I2(OSi(O tBu)3)2(CHI2)], however, appeared to give preferentially Z isomer, corroborating the monoiodo-methylidene species Cr(III)-CHI-Cr(III) as the active olefination component of the original in situ generated Takai reagent mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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28
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Abstract
Small molecule activation is a topic of growing importance and the use of low-valent f-elements to perform these reactions is nowadays well established. The complex Cptt2Sm(thf) (1, Cptt = 1,3-(tBu)2Cp) is shown to activate the alkyne C–H bond of phenylacetylene to form the Cptt2Sm(C≡C–Ph)(thf) complex. The subsequent reaction of this Sm(III) complex with CO2 leads to the CO2 insertion, yielding a dimeric [Cptt2Sm(O2C–C≡C–Ph)]2 complex (2), in which the carbon dioxide has been inserted in the Sm–C bond. Along with the experimental chemical structure analysis, theoretical calculations have been performed in order to rationalize the formation of 1 and 2.
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29
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Kelly RP, Toniolo D, Tirani FF, Maron L, Mazzanti M. A tetranuclear samarium(ii) inverse sandwich from direct reduction of toluene by a samarium(ii) siloxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10268-10271. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The dinuclear SmII complex [Sm2L4(dme)] (L = OSi(OtBu)3) reacts slowly with toluene, resulting in the isolation of the triple decker arene-bridged SmII complex [{Sm2L3}2(μ-η6:η6-C7H8)] in 44% yield. This reactivity provides the first example of an unambiguous arene reduction by an isolated SmII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P. Kelly
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Davide Toniolo
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA
- UPS
- CNRS
- UMR 5215
- LPCNO
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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30
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Xémard M, Cordier M, Louyriac E, Maron L, Clavaguéra C, Nocton G. Small molecule activation with divalent samarium triflate: a synergistic effort to cleave O2. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9226-9230. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02196a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of divalent samarium triflate with O2 leads to the entire reductive cleavage of O2, highlighting a synergistic effort since four electrons, and therefore four samarium centers, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Xémard
- LCM
- CNRS
- Ecole polytechnique
- Route de Saclay
- 91128 Palaiseau Cedex
| | - Marie Cordier
- LCM
- CNRS
- Ecole polytechnique
- Route de Saclay
- 91128 Palaiseau Cedex
| | | | | | - Carine Clavaguéra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- CNRS-Université Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM
- CNRS
- Ecole polytechnique
- Route de Saclay
- 91128 Palaiseau Cedex
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31
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Friedrich J, Qiao Y, Maichle-Mössmer C, Schelter EJ, Anwander R. Redox-enhanced hemilability of a tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy ligand at cerium. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10113-10123. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01878b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Combined structural/electrochemical/computational studies of ceric Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]4 and cerous [Ce{OSi(OtBu)3}4][K(2.2.2-crypt)] suggest a redox-modulated coordination switch of a tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Yusen Qiao
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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32
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Gardner BM, Kefalidis CE, Lu E, Patel D, McInnes EJL, Tuna F, Wooles AJ, Maron L, Liddle ST. Evidence for single metal two electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination at uranium. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29196691 PMCID: PMC5711956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible single-metal two-electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination are common fundamental reactions for transition metals that underpin major catalytic transformations. However, these reactions have never been observed together in the f-block because these metals exhibit irreversible one- or multi-electron oxidation or reduction reactions. Here we report that azobenzene oxidises sterically and electronically unsaturated uranium(III) complexes to afford a uranium(V)-imido complex in a reaction that satisfies all criteria of a single-metal two-electron oxidative addition. Thermolysis of this complex promotes extrusion of azobenzene, where H-/D-isotopic labelling finds no isotopomer cross-over and the non-reactivity of a nitrene-trap suggests that nitrenes are not generated and thus a reductive elimination has occurred. Though not optimally balanced in this case, this work presents evidence that classical d-block redox chemistry can be performed reversibly by f-block metals, and that uranium can thus mimic elementary transition metal reactivity, which may lead to the discovery of new f-block catalysis. The reactivity of f-block complexes is primarily defined by single-electron oxidations and σ-bond metathesis. Here, Liddle and co-workers provide evidence that a uranium complex can undergo reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination, demonstrating transition metal-like reactivity within f-block chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Erli Lu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dipti Patel
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National UK EPR Facility, School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ashley J Wooles
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France.
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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33
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Kelly RP, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reduction of a Cerium(III) Siloxide Complex To Afford a Quadruple-Decker Arene-Bridged Cerium(II) Sandwich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15663-15666. [PMID: 29034561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic multi-decker sandwich complexes containing f-elements remain rare, despite their attractive magnetic and electronic properties. The reduction of the CeIII siloxide complex, [KCeL4 ] (1; L=OSi(OtBu)3 ), with excess potassium in a THF/toluene mixture afforded a quadruple-decker arene-bridged complex, [K(2.2.2-crypt)]2 [{(KL3 Ce)(μ-η6 :η6 -C7 H8 )}2 Ce] (3). The structure of 3 features a [Ce(C7 H8 )2 ] sandwich capped by [KL3 Ce] moieties with a linear arrangement of the Ce ions. Structural parameters, UV/Vis/NIR data, and DFT studies indicate the presence of CeII ions involved in δ bonding between the Ce cations and toluene dianions. Complex 3 is a rare lanthanide multi-decker complex and the first containing non-classical divalent lanthanide ions. Moreover, oxidation of 1 by AgOTf (OTf=O3 SCF3 ) yielded the CeIV complex, [CeL4 ] (2), showing that siloxide ligands can stabilize Ce in three oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P Kelly
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 31077, Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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34
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Kelly RP, Maron L, Scopelliti R, Mazzanti M. Reduction of a Cerium(III) Siloxide Complex To Afford a Quadruple-Decker Arene-Bridged Cerium(II) Sandwich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory P. Kelly
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées; 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4 France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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35
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Xémard M, Goudy V, Braun A, Tricoire M, Cordier M, Ricard L, Castro L, Louyriac E, Kefalidis CE, Clavaguéra C, Maron L, Nocton G. Reductive Disproportionation of CO2 with Bulky Divalent Samarium Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Xémard
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Violaine Goudy
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Augustin Braun
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Maxime Tricoire
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Louis Ricard
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Castro
- LPCNO,
UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisa Louyriac
- LPCNO,
UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carine Clavaguéra
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS-Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 15 avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO,
UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de
Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau
Cedex, France
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36
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Cleaves PA, Kefalidis CE, Gardner BM, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Lewis W, Maron L, Liddle ST. Terminal Uranium(V/VI) Nitride Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Disulfide: Factors Governing Diverse and Well-Defined Cleavage and Redox Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:2950-2959. [PMID: 28075505 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of terminal uranium(V/VI) nitrides with CE2 (E=O, S) is presented. Well-defined C=E cleavage followed by zero-, one-, and two-electron redox events is observed. The uranium(V) nitride [U(TrenTIPS )(N)][K(B15C5)2 ] (1, TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiiPr3 )3 ; B15C5=benzo-15-crown-5) reacts with CO2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(O)(NCO)][K(B15C5)2 ] (3), whereas the uranium(VI) nitride [U(TrenTIPS )(N)] (2) reacts with CO2 to give isolable [U(TrenTIPS )(O)(NCO)] (4); complex 4 rapidly decomposes to known [U(TrenTIPS )(O)] (5) with concomitant formation of N2 and CO proposed, with the latter trapped as a vanadocene adduct. In contrast, 1 reacts with CS2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(κ2 -CS3 )][K(B15C5)2 ] (6), 2, and [K(B15C5)2 ][NCS] (7), whereas 2 reacts with CS2 to give [U(TrenTIPS )(NCS)] (8) and "S", with the latter trapped as Ph3 PS. Calculated reaction profiles reveal outer-sphere reactivity for uranium(V) but inner-sphere mechanisms for uranium(VI); despite the wide divergence of products the initial activation of CE2 follows mechanistically related pathways, providing insight into the factors of uranium oxidation state, chalcogen, and NCE groups that govern the subsequent divergent redox reactions that include common one-electron reactions and a less-common two-electron redox event. Caution, we suggest, is warranted when utilising CS2 as a reactivity surrogate for CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Cleaves
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Benedict M Gardner
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eric J L McInnes
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Stephen T Liddle
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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37
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Friedrich J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Synthesis and derivatisation of ceric tris(tert-butoxy)siloxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12044-12047. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic ceric Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3Cl(thf) is straightforwardly obtained from cerous Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(thf)2 and trityl chloride and gives access to the terminal siloxy/methoxy derivative Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(OCH3)(thf)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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38
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Kiernicki JJ, Higgins RF, Kraft SJ, Zeller M, Shores MP, Bart SC. Elucidating the Mechanism of Uranium Mediated Diazene N═N Bond Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:11854-11866. [PMID: 27805393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigation into the reactivity of reduced uranium species toward diazenes has revealed key intermediates in the four-electron cleavage of azobenzene. Trivalent Tp*2U(CH2Ph) (1a) (Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) and Tp*2U(2,2'-bpy) (1b) both perform the two-electron reduction of diazenes affording η2-hydrazido complexes Tp*2U(AzBz) (2-AzBz) (AzBz = azobenzene) and Tp*2U(BCC) (2-BCC) (BCC = benzo[c]cinnoline) in contrast to precursors of the bis(Cp*) (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienide) ligand framework. The four-electron cleavage of diazenes to give trans-bis(imido) species was possible by using Cp*U(MesPDIMe)(THF) (3) (MesPDIMe = 2,6-((Mes)N═CMe)2-C5H3N, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), which is supported by a highly reduced trianionic chelate that undergoes electron transfer. This proceeds via concerted addition at a single uranium center supported by both a crossover experiment and through addition of an asymmetrically substituted diazene, Ph-N═N-Tol. Further investigation of 3 and its substituted analogue, Cp*U(tBu-MesPDIMe)(THF) (3-tBu) (tBu-MesPDIMe = 2,6-((Mes)N═CMe)2-p-C(CH3)3-C5H2N), with benzo[c]cinnoline, revealed that the four-electron cleavage occurs first by a single electron reduction of the diazene with the redox chemistry performed solely at the redox-active pyridine(diimine) to form dimeric [Cp*U(BCC)(MesHPDIMe)]2 (5) and Cp*U(BCC)(tBu-MesPDIMe) (6). While a transient pyridine(diimine) triplet diradical in the formation of 5 results in H atom abstraction and p-pyridine coupling, the tert-butyl moiety in 6 allows for electronic rearrangement to occur, precluding deleterious pyridine-radical coupling. The monomeric analogue of 5, Cp*U(BCC)(MesPDIMe) (7), was synthesized via salt metathesis from Cp*UI(MesPDIMe) (3-I). All complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and, where pertinent, EPR spectroscopy. Further, the electronic structures of 3-I, 5, and 7 have been investigated by SQUID magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kiernicki
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Robert F Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Steven J Kraft
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Matthew P Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Suzanne C Bart
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
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39
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Lakkaraju PS, Askerka M, Beyer H, Ryan CT, Dobbins T, Bennett C, Kaczur JJ, Batista VS. Formate to Oxalate: A Crucial Step for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Multi-carbon Compounds. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad S. Lakkaraju
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department; Georgian Court University; 900 Lakewood Ave. Lakewood NJ 08701 USA
| | - Mikhail Askerka
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect St. New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Heidie Beyer
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department; Georgian Court University; 900 Lakewood Ave. Lakewood NJ 08701 USA
| | - Charles T. Ryan
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department; Georgian Court University; 900 Lakewood Ave. Lakewood NJ 08701 USA
| | - Tabbetha Dobbins
- Department of Physics; Rowan University; 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Christopher Bennett
- Department of Physics; Rowan University; 201 Mullica Hill Road Glassboro NJ 08028 USA
| | - Jerry J. Kaczur
- Liquid Light, Inc.; 11 Deer Park Drive, Suite 121 Monmouth Junction NJ 08852 USA
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; 225 Prospect St. New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
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40
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Dettenrieder N, Dietrich HM, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium Siloxide Complexes Bearing Terminal Methyl Ligands: Molecular Models for Ln−CH3Terminated Silica Surfaces. Chemistry 2016; 22:13189-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Dettenrieder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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41
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Goodwin CAP, Chilton NF, Vettese GF, Moreno Pineda E, Crowe IF, Ziller JW, Winpenny REP, Evans WJ, Mills DP. Physicochemical Properties of Near-Linear Lanthanide(II) Bis(silylamide) Complexes (Ln = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10057-10067. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A. P. Goodwin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gianni F. Vettese
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Eufemio Moreno Pineda
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Iain F. Crowe
- Photon Science Institute and School of
Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - William J. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - David P. Mills
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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42
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Feller M, Gellrich U, Anaby A, Diskin-Posner Y, Milstein D. Reductive Cleavage of CO2 by Metal–Ligand-Cooperation Mediated by an Iridium Pincer Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6445-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moran Feller
- Departments of †Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Departments of †Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aviel Anaby
- Departments of †Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Departments of †Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Departments of †Organic Chemistry and ‡Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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43
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Antunes MA, Coutinho JT, Santos IC, Marçalo J, Almeida M, Baldoví JJ, Pereira LCJ, Gaita-Ariño A, Coronado E. A Mononuclear Uranium(IV) Single-Molecule Magnet with an Azobenzene Radical Ligand. Chemistry 2015; 21:17817-26. [PMID: 26536849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A tetravalent uranium compound with a radical azobenzene ligand, namely, [{(SiMe2 NPh)3 -tacn}U(IV) (η(2) -N2 Ph2 (.) )] (2), was obtained by one-electron reduction of azobenzene by the trivalent uranium compound [U(III) {(SiMe2 NPh)3 -tacn}] (1). Compound 2 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and (1) H NMR, IR, and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of 2 and precursor 1 were studied by static magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements, which for the former revealed single-molecule magnet behaviour for the first time in a mononuclear U(IV) compound, whereas trivalent uranium compound 1 does not exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization at low temperatures. A first approximation to the magnetic behaviour of these compounds was attempted by combining an effective electrostatic model with a phenomenological approach using the full single-ion Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Antunes
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal)
| | - Joana T Coutinho
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal)
| | - Isabel C Santos
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal)
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal)
| | - Manuel Almeida
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal)
| | - José J Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna (Spain)
| | - Laura C J Pereira
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS (Portugal).
| | - Alejandro Gaita-Ariño
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna (Spain).
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna (Spain).
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Cheisson T, Auffrant A, Nocton G. η5–η1 Switch in Divalent Phosphaytterbocene Complexes with Neutral Iminophosphoranyl Pincer Ligands: Solid-State Structures and Solution NMR 1JYb–P Coupling Constants. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cheisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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45
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Andrez J, Bozoklu G, Nocton G, Pécaut J, Scopelliti R, Dubois L, Mazzanti M. Lanthanide(II) Complexes Supported by N,O-Donor Tripodal Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Ligand-Dependent Redox Behavior. Chemistry 2015; 21:15188-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Paparo A, Silvia JS, Kefalidis CE, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J, Cummins CC. A Dimetalloxycarbene Bonding Mode and Reductive Coupling Mechanism for Oxalate Formation from CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9115-9. [PMID: 26110967 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe the stable and isolable dimetalloxycarbene [(TiX3 )2 (μ2 -CO2 -κ(2) C,O:κO')] 5, where X=N-(tert-butyl)-3,5-dimethylanilide, which is stabilized by fluctuating μ2 -κ(2) C,O:κ(1) O' coordination of the carbene carbon to both titanium centers of the dinuclear complex 5, as shown by variable-temperature NMR studies. Quantum chemical calculations on the unmodified molecule indicated a higher energy of only +10.5 kJ mol(-1) for the μ2 -κ(1) O:κ(1) O' bonding mode of the free dimetalloxycarbene compared to the μ2 -κ(2) C,O:κ(1) O' bonding mode of the masked dimetalloxycarbene. The parent cationic bridging formate complex [(TiX3 )2 (μ2 -OCHO-κO:κO')][B(C6 F5)4], 4[B(C6 F5)4], was simply deprotonated with the strong base K(N(SiMe3 )2 ) to give 5. Complex 5 reacts smoothly with CO2 to generate the bridging oxalate complex [(TiX3 )2 (μ2 -C2 O4 -κO:κO'')], 6, in a C-C bond formation reaction commonly anticipated for oxalate formation by reductive coupling of CO2 on low-valent transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Paparo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Jared S Silvia
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Christos E Kefalidis
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, CNRS; UMR 5215 LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France)
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, CNRS; UMR 5215 LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse (France).
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen (Germany).
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA).
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47
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Paparo A, Silvia JS, Kefalidis CE, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J, Cummins CC. Ein Dimetalloxycarben-Bindungsmodus und der reduktive Kupplungsmechanismus zur Bildung von Oxalat ausgehend von CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Lapadula G, Conley MP, Copéret C, Andersen RA. Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Siloxide Complexes, M[OSi(OtBu)3]3(L)x where L is HOSi(OtBu)3 and x = 0 or 1. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lapadula
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and
Applied Biosciences, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Deacon GB, Junk PC, Wang J, Werner D. Reactivity of Bulky Formamidinatosamarium(II or III) Complexes with C═O and C═S Bonds. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12553-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502181g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- College of Science, Technology & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Daniel Werner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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