1
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Buslov I, Desmons S, Duhoo Y, Hu X. Engineered Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyases for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Aspartic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406008. [PMID: 38713131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic hydroamination of alkenes is an efficient and selective method to synthesize natural and unnatural amino acids. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) have been previously engineered to access a range of substituted phenylalanines and heteroarylalanines, but their substrate scope remains limited, typically including only arylacrylic acids. Moreover, the enantioselectivity in the hydroamination of electron-deficient substrates is often poor. Here, we report the structure-based engineering of PAL from Planctomyces brasiliensis (PbPAL), enabling preparative-scale enantioselective hydroaminations of previously inaccessible yet synthetically useful substrates, such as amide- and ester-containing fumaric acid derivatives. Through the elucidation of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) PbPAL structure and screening of the structure-based mutagenesis library, we identified the key active site residue L205 as pivotal for dramatically enhancing the enantioselectivity of hydroamination reactions involving electron-deficient substrates. Our engineered PALs demonstrated exclusive α-regioselectivity, high enantioselectivity, and broad substrate scope. The potential utility of the developed biocatalysts was further demonstrated by a preparative-scale hydroamination yielding tert-butyl protected l-aspartic acid, widely used as intermediate in peptide solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Buslov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Desmons
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Duhoo
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility (PTPSP), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Wang F, Qi H, Li H, Ma X, Gao X, Li C, Lu F, Mao S, Qin HM. State-of-the-art strategies and research advances for the biosynthesis of D-amino acids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:495-513. [PMID: 37160372 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
D-amino acids (D-AAs) are the enantiomeric counterparts of L-amino acids (L-AAs) and important functional factors with a wide variety of physiological activities and applications in the food manufacture industry. Some D-AAs, such as D-Ala, D-Leu, and D-Phe, have been favored by consumers as sweeteners and fragrances because of their unique flavor. The biosynthesis of D-AAs has attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique advantages. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the structure-function relationships, biosynthesis pathways, multi-enzyme cascade and whole-cell catalysis for the production of D-AAs. The state-of-the-art strategies, including immobilization, protein engineering, and high-throughput screening, are summarized. Future challenges and perspectives of strategies-driven by bioinformatics technologies and smart computing technologies, as well as enzyme immobilization, are also discussed. These new approaches will promote the commercial production and application of D-AAs in the food industry by optimizing the key enzymes for industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuanzhen Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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3
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Araseki H, Sugishima N, Chisuga T, Nakano S. Development of an Enzyme Cascade System for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure D-Amino Acids Utilizing Ancestral L-Amino Acid Oxidase. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400036. [PMID: 38385659 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure D-amino acids hold significant potential as precursors for synthesizing various fine chemicals, including peptide-based drugs and other pharmaceuticals. This study focuses on establishing an enzymatic cascade system capable of converting various L-amino acids into their D-isomers. The system integrates four enzymes: ancestral L-amino acid oxidase (AncLAAO-N4), D-amino acid dehydrogenase (DAADH), D-glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and catalase. AncLAAO-N4 initiates the process by converting L-amino acids to corresponding keto acids, which are then stereo-selectively aminated to D-amino acids by DAADH using NADPH and NH4Cl. Concurrently, any generated H2O2 is decomposed into O2 and H2O by catalase, while GDH regenerates NADPH from D-glucose. Optimization of reaction conditions and substrate concentrations enabled the successful synthesis of five D-amino acids, including a D-Phe derivative, three D-Trp derivatives, and D-phenylglycine, all with high enantiopurity (>99 % ee) at a preparative scale (>100 mg). This system demonstrates a versatile approach for producing a diverse array of D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Araseki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan for S.N
| | - Narumi Sugishima
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan for S.N
| | - Taichi Chisuga
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan for S.N
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan for S.N
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Brack Y, Sun C, Yi D, Bornscheuer UT. Systematic Analysis of the MIO-forming Residues of Aromatic Ammonia Lyases. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400016. [PMID: 38323706 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic ammonia lyases (AALs) and tyrosine/phenylalanine ammonia mutases (TAM/PAM) are 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO)-dependent enzymes. Usually, the MIO moiety is autocatalytically formed from the tripeptide Ala-Ser-Gly (ASG) and acts as an electrophile during the enzymatic reaction. However, the MIO-forming residues (ASG) have some diversity in this enzyme class. In this work, a systematic investigation on the variety of MIO-forming residues was carried out using in-depth sequence analyses. Several protein clusters of AAL-like enzymes with unusual MIO-forming residues such as ACG, TSG, SSG, and CSG were identified, including two novel histidine ammonia lyases and one PAM with CSG and TSG residues, respectively, as well as three novel ergothioneine trimethylammonia lyases without MIO motif. The mutagenesis of common MIO-groups confirmed the function of these MIO variants, which provides good starting points for future functional prediction and mutagenesis research of AALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Brack
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chenghai Sun
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dong Yi
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- National Key Laboratory of Lead Druggability Research, Research Center for Systems Biosynthesis, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Gebaini Road 285, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Grandi E, Feyza Özgen F, Schmidt S, Poelarends GJ. Enzymatic Oxy- and Amino-Functionalization in Biocatalytic Cascade Synthesis: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309012. [PMID: 37639631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades are a powerful tool for building complex molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen functionalities. Moreover, the combination of multiple enzymes in one pot offers the possibility to minimize downstream processing and waste production. In this review, we illustrate various recent efforts in the development of multi-step syntheses involving C-O and C-N bond-forming enzymes to produce high value-added compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and polymer precursors. Both in vitro and in vivo examples are discussed, revealing the respective advantages and drawbacks. The use of engineered enzymes to boost the cascades outcome is also addressed and current co-substrate and cofactor recycling strategies are presented, highlighting the importance of atom economy. Finally, tools to overcome current challenges for multi-enzymatic oxy- and amino-functionalization reactions are discussed, including flow systems with immobilized biocatalysts and cascades in confined nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Tomoiagă RB, Ursu M, Boros K, Nagy LC, Bencze LC. Ancestral l-amino acid oxidase: From substrate scope exploration to phenylalanine ammonia-lyase assay. J Biotechnol 2023; 377:43-52. [PMID: 37890533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the applicability of the recently reported ancestral l-amino acid oxidase (AncLAAO), for the development of an enzyme-coupled phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity assay. Firstly, the expression and isolation of the AncLAAO-N1 was optimized, followed by activity tests of the obtained octameric N-terminal His-tagged enzyme towards various phenylalanine analogues to assess the compatibility of its substrate scope with that of the well-characterized PALs. AncLAAO-N1 showed high catalytic efficiency towards phenylalanines mono-, di-, or multiple-substituted in the meta- or para-positions, with ortho- substituted substrates being poorly transformed, these results highlighting the significant overlap between its substrate scope and those of PALs. After successful set-up of the AncLAAO-PAL coupled solid phase assay, in a 'proof of concept' approach we demonstrated its applicability for the high-throughput activity screens of PAL-libraries, by screening the saturation mutagenesis-derived I460NNK variant library of PAL from Petroselinum crispum, using p-MeO-phenylalanine as model substrate. Notably, the hits revealed by the coupled assay comprised all the active PAL variants: I460V, I460T, I460S, I460L, previously identified from the tested PAL-library by other assays. Our results validate the applicability of AncLAAO for coupled enzyme systems with phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, including cell-based assays suitable for the high-throughput screening of directed evolution-derived PAL-libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Bianca Tomoiagă
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj-Napoca RO-400028, Romania
| | - Marcel Ursu
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj-Napoca RO-400028, Romania
| | - Krisztina Boros
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj-Napoca RO-400028, Romania
| | - Levente Csaba Nagy
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj-Napoca RO-400028, Romania
| | - László Csaba Bencze
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj-Napoca RO-400028, Romania.
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7
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Kawamura Y, Ishida C, Miyata R, Miyata A, Hayashi S, Fujinami D, Ito S, Nakano S. Structural and functional analysis of hyper-thermostable ancestral L-amino acid oxidase that can convert Trp derivatives to D-forms by chemoenzymatic reaction. Commun Chem 2023; 6:200. [PMID: 37737277 PMCID: PMC10517122 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of D-amino acids (D-AAs) on a large-scale enables to provide precursors of peptide therapeutics. In this study, we designed a novel L-amino acid oxidase, HTAncLAAO2, by ancestral sequence reconstruction, exhibiting high thermostability and long-term stability. The crystal structure of HTAncLAAO2 was determined at 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography, revealing that the enzyme has an octameric form like a "ninja-star" feature. Enzymatic property analysis demonstrated that HTAncLAAO2 exhibits three-order larger kcat/Km values towards four L-AAs (L-Phe, L-Leu, L-Met, and L-Ile) than that of L-Trp. Through screening the variants, we obtained the HTAncLAAO2(W220A) variant, which shows a > 6-fold increase in kcat value toward L-Trp compared to the original enzyme. This variant applies to synthesizing enantio-pure D-Trp derivatives from L- or rac-forms at a preparative scale. Given its excellent properties, HTAncLAAO2 would be a starting point for designing novel oxidases with high activity toward various amines and AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kawamura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishida
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyata
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hayashi
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujinami
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
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8
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Tachibana R, Zhang K, Zou Z, Burgener S, Ward TR. A Customized Bayesian Algorithm to Optimize Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:12336-12344. [PMID: 37621696 PMCID: PMC10445256 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Design of experiments (DoE) plays an important role in optimizing the catalytic performance of chemical reactions. The most commonly used DoE relies on the response surface methodology (RSM) to model the variable space of experimental conditions with the fewest number of experiments. However, the RSM leads to an exponential increase in the number of required experiments as the number of variables increases. Herein we describe a Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) to optimize the continuous parameters (e.g., temperature, reaction time, reactant and enzyme concentrations, etc.) of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with the aim of maximizing performance. Compared to existing Bayesian optimization methods, we propose an improved algorithm that leads to better results under limited resources and time for experiments. To validate the versatility of the BOA, we benchmarked its performance with biocatalytic C-C bond formation and amination for the optimization of the turnover number. Gratifyingly, up to 80% improvement compared to RSM and up to 360% improvement vs previous Bayesian optimization algorithms were obtained. Importantly, this strategy enabled simultaneous optimization of both the enzyme's activity and selectivity for cross-benzoin condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tachibana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
- National
Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “Catalysis”,
ETHZ, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kailin Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Zou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Burgener
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
- National
Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “Molecular Systems
Engineering”, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National
Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “Catalysis”,
ETHZ, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Zhu BF, Liu Y, Pei XQ, Wu ZL. Characterization of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases from Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) as Robust Biocatalysts for the Production of d- and l-Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2935-2942. [PMID: 36734156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) catalyzes the reversible conversion of l-phenylalanine into the corresponding trans-cinnamic acid, providing a route to optically pure α-amino acids. We explored the catalytic function of all five PALs encoded in the genome of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) that are previously known to be involved in wound browning. All LsPALs were active toward l-phenylalanine in the ammonia elimination reaction and displayed maximum activity at 55-60 °C and pH 9.0-9.5. However, four of them, LsPAL1-LsPAL4, showed significantly higher activity and thermal stability than LsPAL5, as well as a broader substrate spectrum including some challenging substrates with steric demanding or electron-donating substituents. The best one LsPAL3 was subjected to the kinetic resolution of a panel of 21 rac-phenylalanine derivatives, as well as the ammonia addition of 21 cinnamic acid derivatives. It showed excellent enantioselectivity in most cases and significantly better activity than previously described PALs for a number of challenging non-natural substrates, demonstrating its great potential in biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Feng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu610064, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu610041, China
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10
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Tork SD, Nagy EZA, Tomoiagă RB, Bencze LC. Engineered, Scalable Production of Optically Pure l-Phenylalanines Using Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Org Chem 2023; 88:852-862. [PMID: 36583610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An efficient preparative-scale synthetic procedure of l-phenylalanine derivatives has been developed using mutant variants of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL). After rigorous reaction engineering, the AtPAL-catalyzed hydroamination reaction of cinnamic acids provided several unnatural amino acids of high synthetic value, such as (S)-m- and (S)-p-methoxyphenylalanine; (S)-o- and (S)-m-methylphenylalanine; and (S)-o- and (S)-p-bromophenylalanine at preparative scale, significantly surpassing the catalytic efficiency in terms of conversions and yields of the previously reported PcPAL-based biotransformations. The AtPAL variants tolerated high substrate and product concentrations, representing an important extension of the PAL-toolbox, while the engineered biocatalytic procedures of improved E-factor and space-time yields fulfill the requirements of sustainable and green chemistry, providing facile access to valuable amino acid building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Diana Tork
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes̨-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emma Zsófia Aletta Nagy
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes̨-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Bianca Tomoiagă
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes̨-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - László Csaba Bencze
- Enzymology and Applied Biocatalysis Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes̨-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Williams V, Cui Y, Jiang X, Zhang C, Zhao J, Zhang N. Co-immobilized Multienzyme System for the Cofactor-Driven Cascade Synthesis of ( R) -2-Amino-3-(2-bromophenyl)propanoic Acid: A Model Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyasa Williams
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Jiang
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhao
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center of Biosynthesis Technology, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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12
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Towards a general approach for tailoring the hydrophobic binding site of phenylalanine ammonia-lyases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10606. [PMID: 35739148 PMCID: PMC9226071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unnatural substituted amino acids play an important role as chiral building blocks, especially for pharmaceutical industry, where the synthesis of chiral biologically active molecules still represents an open challenge. Recently, modification of the hydrophobic binding pocket of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL) resulted in specifically tailored PcPAL variants, contributing to a rational design template for PAL-activity enhancements towards the differently substituted substrate analogues. Within this study we tested the general applicability of this rational design model in case of PALs, of different sources, such as from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL) and Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtPAL). With some exceptions, the results support that the positions of substrate specificity modulating residues are conserved among PALs, thus the mutation with beneficial effect for PAL-activity enhancement can be predicted using the established rational design model. Accordingly, the study supports that tailoring PALs of different origins and different substrate scope, can be performed through a general method. Moreover, the fact that AtPAL variants I461V, L133A and L257V, all outperformed in terms of catalytic efficiency the corresponding, previously reported, highly efficient PcPAL variants, of identical catalytic site, suggests that not only catalytic site differences influence the PAL-activity, thus for the selection of the optimal PAL-biocatalysts for a targeted process, screening of PALs from different origins, should be included.
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13
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Heinks T, Paulus J, Koopmeiners S, Beuel T, Sewald N, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT, Fischer von Mollard G. Recombinant L-Amino Acid Oxidase with broad substrate spectrum for Co-Substrate Recycling in (S)-Selective Transaminase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolutions. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200329. [PMID: 35713203 PMCID: PMC9543090 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chiral and enantiopure amines can be produced by enantioselective transaminases via kinetic resolution of amine racemates. This transamination reaction requires stoichiometric amounts of co-substrate. A dual-enzyme recycling system overcomes this limitation: L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) recycle the accumulating co-product of ( S )-selective transaminases in the kinetic resolution of racemic amines to produce pure ( R )-amines. However, availability of suitable LAAOs is limited. Here we use the heterologously produced, highly active fungal hcLAAO4 with broad substrate spectrum. H 2 O 2 as by-product of hcLAAO4 is detoxified by a catalase. The final system allows using sub-stoichiometric amounts of 1 mol% of the transaminase co-substrate as well as the initial application of L-amino acids instead of α-keto acids. With an optimized protocol, synthetic potential of this kinetic resolution cascade was proven at the preparative scale (>90 mg) by the synthesis of highly enantiomerically pure ( R )-methylbenzylamine (>99 %ee) at complete conversion (50 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heinks
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Jannik Paulus
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Simon Koopmeiners
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Tobias Beuel
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Höhne
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- University of Greifswald: Universitat Greifswald, Institute of Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Fischer von Mollard
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, GERMANY
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14
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Menon N, Richmond D, Rahman MR, Menon BRK. Versatile and Facile One-Pot Biosynthesis for Amides and Carboxylic Acids in E. coli by Engineering Auxin Pathways of Plant Microbiomes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Menon
- The Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- Collaborative Teaching Laboratory, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Daniel Richmond
- The Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Mohammad Rejaur Rahman
- The Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Binuraj R. K. Menon
- The Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, U.K
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15
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Semi-Rational Design of Proteus mirabilis l-Amino Acid Deaminase for Expanding Its Substrate Specificity in α-Keto Acid Synthesis from l-Amino Acids. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-amino acid deaminases (LAADs) are flavoenzymes that catalyze the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l-amino acids into α-keto acids, which are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, and cosmetic industries. However, the substrate specificity of available LAADs is limited, and most substrates are concentrated on several bulky or basic l-amino acids. In this study, we employed a LAAD from Proteus mirabilis (PmiLAAD) and broadened its substrate specificity using a semi-rational design strategy. Molecular docking and alanine scanning identified F96, Q278, and E417 as key residues around the substrate-binding pocket of PmiLAAD. Site-directed saturation mutagenesis identified E417 as the key site for substrate specificity expansion. Expansion of the substrate channel with mutations of E417 (E417L, E417A) improved activity toward the bulky substrate l-Trp, and mutation of E417 to basic amino acids (E417K, E417H, E417R) enhanced the universal activity toward various l-amino acid substrates. The variant PmiLAADE417K showed remarkable catalytic activity improvement on seven substrates (l-Ala, l-Asp, l-Ile, l-Leu, l-Phe, l-Trp, and l-Val). The catalytic efficiency improvement obtained by E417 mutation may be attributed to the expansion of the entrance channel and its electrostatic interactions. These PmiLAAD variants with a broadened substrate spectrum can extend the application potential of LAADs.
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16
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Ishida C, Miyata R, Hasebe F, Miyata A, Kumazawa S, Ito S, Nakano S. Reconstruction of Hyper‐Thermostable Ancestral L‐Amino Acid Oxidase to Perform Deracemization to D‐Amino Acids. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ishida
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Fumihito Hasebe
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Azusa Miyata
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences University of Shizuoka Shizuoka 422-8526 Japan
- PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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17
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Han J, Lyutenko NV, Sorochinsky AE, Okawara A, Konno H, White S, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-Made Amino Acids in Pharmaceutical Industry: Synthetic Approaches to Aza-Tryptophan Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:17510-17528. [PMID: 34913215 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent years there has been a noticeable upsurge of interest in aza-analogs of tryptophan which are isosteric to the latter and found numerous applications in medicinal, bioorganic chemistry, and peptide research. In the present review article, five aza-tryptophan derivatives are profiled, including aza-substitution in the positions 2, on the five-membered ring, as well as in positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 on the six-membered ring. A detailed and comprehensive literature overview of the synthetic methods for the preparation of these aza-tryptophans is presented and general facets of the biological properties and most promising applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Nataliya V Lyutenko
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska str., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexander E Sorochinsky
- Department of Fine Organic Synthesis V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska str., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Ayaka Okawara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sarah White
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc., 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC, 29918, USA
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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18
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Li BB, Zhang J, Chen FF, Chen Q, Xu JH, Zheng GW. Direct reductive amination of ketones with amines by reductive aminases. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Hall M. Enzymatic strategies for asymmetric synthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:958-989. [PMID: 34458820 PMCID: PMC8341948 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes, at the turn of the 21st century, are gaining a momentum. Especially in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, a broad variety of biocatalysts are being applied in an increasing number of processes running at up to industrial scale. In addition to the advantages of employing enzymes under environmentally friendly reaction conditions, synthetic chemists are recognizing the value of enzymes connected to the exquisite selectivity of these natural (or engineered) catalysts. The use of hydrolases in enantioselective protocols paved the way to the application of enzymes in asymmetric synthesis, in particular in the context of biocatalytic (dynamic) kinetic resolutions. After two decades of impressive development, the field is now mature to propose a panel of catalytically diverse enzymes for (i) stereoselective reactions with prochiral compounds, such as double bond reduction and bond forming reactions, (ii) formal enantioselective replacement of one of two enantiotopic groups of prochiral substrates, as well as (iii) atroposelective reactions with noncentrally chiral compounds. In this review, the major enzymatic strategies broadly applicable in the asymmetric synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds are presented, with a focus on the reactions developed within the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz Austria
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20
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Finnigan W, Hepworth LJ, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ. RetroBioCat as a computer-aided synthesis planning tool for biocatalytic reactions and cascades. Nat Catal 2021; 4:98-104. [PMID: 33604511 PMCID: PMC7116764 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the enzyme toolbox for biocatalysis has expanded, so has the potential for the construction of powerful enzymatic cascades for efficient and selective synthesis of target molecules. Additionally, recent advances in computer-aided synthesis planning are revolutionising synthesis design in both synthetic biology and organic chemistry. However, the potential for biocatalysis is not well captured by tools currently available in either field. Here we present RetroBioCat, an intuitive and accessible tool for computer-aided design of biocatalytic cascades, freely available at retrobiocat.com. Our approach uses a set of expertly encoded reaction rules encompassing the enzyme toolbox for biocatalysis, and a system for identifying literature precedent for enzymes with the correct substrate specificity where this is available. Applying these rules for automated biocatalytic retrosynthesis, we show our tool to be capable of identifying promising biocatalytic pathways to target molecules, validated using a test-set of recent cascades described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Finnigan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Lorna J Hepworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
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21
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Shee PK, Yan H, Walker KD. Intermolecular Amine Transfer to Enantioenriched trans-3-Phenylglycidates by an α/β-Aminomutase to Access Both anti-Phenylserine Isomers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash K. Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Honggao Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Kevin D. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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22
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Ancestral L-amino acid oxidases for deracemization and stereoinversion of amino acids. Commun Chem 2020; 3:181. [PMID: 36703379 PMCID: PMC9814856 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) can be applied to convert racemic amino acids to D-isomers, which are potential precursors of pharmaceuticals. However, this application is hampered by the lack of available stable and structure-determined LAAOs. In this study, we attempt to address this limitation by utilizing two ancestral LAAOs: AncLAAO-N4 and AncLAAO-N5. AncLAAO-N4 has the highest thermal and temporal stabilities among the designed LAAOs that can be used for deracemization and stereoinversion. AncLAAO-N5 can provide X-ray crystal structures, which are helpful to reveal substrate recognition and reaction mechanisms of LAAOs at the molecular level. Next, we attempted to improve activity of AncLAAO-N4 toward L-Val through a semi-rational protein engineering method. Three variants with enhanced activity toward L-Val were obtained. Taken together, we believe that the activity and substrate selectivity of AncLAAOs give them the potential to be key enzymes in various chemoenzymatic reactions.
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23
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Moisă ME, Amariei DA, Nagy EZA, Szarvas N, Toșa MI, Paizs C, Bencze LC. Fluorescent enzyme-coupled activity assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18418. [PMID: 33116226 PMCID: PMC7595223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) catalyse the non-oxidative deamination of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, while in the presence of high ammonia concentration the reverse reaction occurs. PALs have been intensively studied, however, their industrial applications for amino acids synthesis remained limited, mainly due to their decreased operational stability or limited substrate specificity. The application of extensive directed evolution procedures to improve their stability, activity or selectivity, is hindered by the lack of reliable activity assays allowing facile screening of PAL-activity within large-sized mutant libraries. Herein, we describe the development of an enzyme-coupled fluorescent assay applicable for PAL-activity screens at whole cell level, involving decarboxylation of trans-cinnamic acid (the product of the PAL reaction) by ferulic acid decarboxylase (FDC1) and a photochemical reaction of the produced styrene with a diaryltetrazole, that generates a detectable, fluorescent pyrazoline product. The general applicability of the fluorescent assay for PALs of different origin, as well as its versatility for the detection of tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) activity have been also demonstrated. Accordingly, the developed procedure provides a facile tool for the efficient activity screens of large mutant libraries of PALs in presence of non-natural substrates of interest, being essential for the substrate-specificity modifications/tailoring of PALs through directed evolution-based protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina E Moisă
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana A Amariei
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emma Z A Nagy
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nóra Szarvas
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica I Toșa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - László C Bencze
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, Arany János Str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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24
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Liu Y, Xu G, Zhou J, Ni J, Zhang L, Hou X, Yin D, Rao Y, Zhao YL, Ni Y. Structure-Guided Engineering of d-Carbamoylase Reveals a Key Loop at Substrate Entrance Tunnel. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Guochao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Jie Ni
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Life and Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Dejing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
| | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ye Ni
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu China
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25
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Hardegger LA, Beney P, Bixel D, Fleury C, Gao F, Perrenoud AGG, Gu X, Haber J, Hong T, Humair R, Kaegi A, Kibiger M, Kleinbeck F, Luu VT, Padeste L, Rampf FA, Ruch T, Schlama T, Sidler E, Udvarhelyi A, Wietfeld B, Yang Y. Toward a Scalable Synthesis and Process for EMA401, Part III: Using an Engineered Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Enzyme to Synthesize a Non-natural Phenylalanine Derivative. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo A. Hardegger
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Beney
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Bixel
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fleury
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Gao
- Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu 215537, China
| | | | - Xingxian Gu
- Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu 215537, China
| | - Julien Haber
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tao Hong
- Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu 215537, China
| | - Roger Humair
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kaegi
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kibiger
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kleinbeck
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Van Tong Luu
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Padeste
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian A. Rampf
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ruch
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Schlama
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Sidler
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anikó Udvarhelyi
- Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Wietfeld
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yao Yang
- Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co., Ltd., Changshu 215537, China
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26
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Tomoiagă RB, Tork SD, Horváth I, Filip A, Nagy LC, Bencze LC. Saturation Mutagenesis for Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases of Enhanced Catalytic Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060838. [PMID: 32486192 PMCID: PMC7355458 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyases (PALs) are attractive biocatalysts for the stereoselective synthesis of non-natural phenylalanines. The rational design of PALs with extended substrate scope, highlighted the substrate specificity-modulator role of residue I460 of Petroselinum crispum PAL. Herein, saturation mutagenesis at key residue I460 was performed in order to identify PcPAL variants of enhanced activity or to validate the superior catalytic properties of the rationally explored I460V PcPAL compared with the other possible mutant variants. After optimizations, the saturation mutagenesis employing the NNK-degeneracy generated a high-quality transformant library. For high-throughput enzyme-activity screens of the mutant library, a PAL-activity assay was developed, allowing the identification of hits showing activity in the reaction of non-natural substrate, p-MeO-phenylalanine. Among the hits, besides the known I460V PcPAL, several mutants were identified, and their increased catalytic efficiency was confirmed by biotransformations using whole-cells or purified PAL-biocatalysts. Variants I460T and I460S were superior to I460V-PcPAL in terms of catalytic efficiency within the reaction of p-MeO-Phe. Moreover, I460T PcPAL maintained the high specificity constant of the wild-type enzyme for the natural substrate, l-Phe. Molecular docking supported the favorable substrate orientation of p-MeO-cinnamic acid within the active site of I460T variant, similarly as shown earlier for I460V PcPAL (PDB ID: 6RGS).
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28
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Song W, Chen X, Wu J, Xu J, Zhang W, Liu J, Chen J, Liu L. Biocatalytic derivatization of proteinogenic amino acids for fine chemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Pollegioni L, Rosini E, Molla G. Advances in Enzymatic Synthesis of D-Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3206. [PMID: 32369969 PMCID: PMC7247363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, the D-enantiomers of amino acids (D-AAs) are not used for protein synthesis and during evolution acquired specific and relevant physiological functions in different organisms. This is the reason for the surge in interest and investigations on these "unnatural" molecules observed in recent years. D-AAs are increasingly used as building blocks to produce pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. In past years, a number of methods have been devised to produce D-AAs based on enantioselective enzymes. With the aim to increase the D-AA derivatives generated, to improve the intrinsic atomic economy and cost-effectiveness, and to generate processes at low environmental impact, recent studies focused on identification, engineering and application of enzymes in novel biocatalytic processes. The aim of this review is to report the advances in synthesis of D-AAs gathered in the past few years based on five main classes of enzymes. These enzymes have been combined and thus applied to multi-enzymatic processes representing in vitro pathways of alternative/exchangeable enzymes that allow the generation of an artificial metabolism for D-AAs synthetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianluca Molla
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (L.P.); (E.R.)
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31
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Non‐Enzymatic Hybrid Catalysis for Stereoconversion ofl‐Amino Acid Derivatives tod‐Isomers. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Active Expression of Membrane-Bound L-Amino Acid Deaminase from Proteus mirabilis in Recombinant Escherichia coli by Fusion with Maltose-Binding Protein for Enhanced Catalytic Performance. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid deaminases (LAADs) are membrane flavoenzymes that catalyze the deamination of neutral and aromatic L-amino acids to α-keto acids and ammonia. LAADs can be used to develop many important biotechnological applications. However, the transmembrane α-helix of LAADs restricts its soluble active expression and purification from a heterologous host, such as Escherichia coli. Herein, through fusion with the maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag, the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-21b-MBP-PmLAAD was constructed and the LAAD from Proteus mirabilis (PmLAAD) was actively expressed as a soluble protein. After purification, the purified MBP-PmLAAD was obtained. Then, the catalytic activity of the MBP-PmLAAD fusion protein was determined and compared with the non-fused PmLAAD. After fusion with the MBP-tag, the catalytic efficiency of the MBP-PmLAAD cell lysate was much higher than that of the membrane-bound PmLAAD whole cells. The soluble MBP-PmLAAD cell lysate catalyzed the conversion of 100 mM L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) to phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) with a 100% yield in 6 h. Therefore, the fusion of the MBP-tag not only improved the soluble expression of the PmLAAD membrane-bound protein, but also increased its catalytic performance.
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33
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Weise NJ, Thapa P, Ahmed ST, Heath RS, Parmeggiani F, Turner NJ, Flitsch SL. Bi‐enzymatic Conversion of Cinnamic Acids to 2‐Arylethylamines. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Weise
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Prasansa Thapa
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Syed T. Ahmed
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of ChemistryThe University of Manchester 131 Princess Street M1 7DN Manchester United Kingdom
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34
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Liu L, Wang DH, Chen FF, Zhang ZJ, Chen Q, Xu JH, Wang ZL, Zheng GW. Development of an engineered thermostable amine dehydrogenase for the synthesis of structurally diverse chiral amines. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Structurally diverse chiral amines and amino alcohols were synthesized using an engineered thermostable amine dehydrogenase, demonstrating its extensive synthesis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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35
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The production of L- and D-phenylalanines using engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyases from Petroselinum crispum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20123. [PMID: 31882791 PMCID: PMC6934771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocatalytic synthesis of l- and d-phenylalanine analogues of high synthetic value have been developed using as biocatalysts mutant variants of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL), specifically tailored towards mono-substituted phenylalanine and cinnamic acid substrates. The catalytic performance of the engineered PcPAL variants was optimized within the ammonia elimination and ammonia addition reactions, focusing on the effect of substrate concentration, biocatalyst:substrate ratio, reaction buffer and reaction time, on the conversion and enantiomeric excess values. The optimal conditions provided an efficient preparative scale biocatalytic procedure of valuable phenylalanines, such as (S)-m-methoxyphenylalanine (Y = 40%, ee > 99%), (S)-p-bromophenylalanine (Y = 82%, ee > 99%), (S)-m-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine (Y = 26%, ee > 99%), (R)-p-methylphenylalanine, (Y = 49%, ee = 95%) and (R)-m-(trifluoromethyl)phenylalanine (Y = 34%, ee = 93%).
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36
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Wang J, Song W, Wu J, Liu J, Chen X, Liu L. Efficient production of phenylpropionic acids by an amino-group-transformation biocatalytic cascade. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:614-625. [PMID: 31803933 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropionic acids are commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fine chemicals. However, the synthesis of phenylpropionic acids faces the challenges of high cost of substrates and a limited range of products. Here, we present an artificially designed amino-group-transformation biocatalytic process, which uses simple phenols, pyruvate, and ammonia to synthesize diverse phenylpropionic acids. This biocatalytic cascade comprises an amino-group-introduction module and three amino-group-transformation modules, and operates in a modular assembly manner. Escherichia coli catalysts coexpressing enzymes from different modules achieve whole-cell simultaneous one-pot transformations of phenols into the corresponding phenylpropionic acids including (S)-α-amino acids, α-keto acids, (R)-α-amino acids, and (R)-β-amino acids. With cofactor recycling, protein engineering, and transformation optimization, four (S)-α-amino acids, four α-keto acids, four (R)-α-amino acids, and four (R)-β-amino acids are synthesized with good conversion (68-99%) and high enantioselectivities (>98%). Therefore, the amino-group-transformation concept provides a universal and efficient tool for synthesizing diverse products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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37
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Vuong W, Mosquera-Guagua F, Sanichar R, McDonald TR, Ernst OP, Wang L, Vederas JC. Synthesis of Chiral Spin-Labeled Amino Acids. Org Lett 2019; 21:10149-10153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | | | - Randy Sanichar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Tyler R. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Oliver P. Ernst
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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38
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Nakano S, Minamino Y, Hasebe F, Ito S. Deracemization and Stereoinversion to Aromatic d-Amino Acid Derivatives with Ancestral l-Amino Acid Oxidase. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuki Minamino
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hasebe
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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39
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Klumbys E, Zebec Z, Weise NJ, Turner NJ, Scrutton NS. Bio-derived Production of Cinnamyl Alcohol via a Three Step Biocatalytic Cascade and Metabolic Engineering. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2019; 20:658-663. [PMID: 31168294 PMCID: PMC6546598 DOI: 10.1039/c7gc03325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The construction of biocatalytic cascades for the production of chemical precursors is fast becoming one of the most efficient approaches to multi-step synthesis in modern chemistry. However, despite the use of low solvent systems and renewably-resourced catalysts in reported examples, many cascades are still dependent on petrochemical starting materials, which as of yet cannot be accessed in a sustainable fashion. Herein we report the production of the versatile chemical building block cinnamyl alcohol from the primary metabolite and fermentation product L-phenylalanine. Through the combination of three biocatalyst classes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, carboxylic acid reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase) the target compound could be reached in high purity, demonstrable at 100 mg scale achieving 53 % yield using ambient temperature and pressure in aqueous solution. This system represents a synthetic strategy in which all components present at time zero are biogenic and thus minimising damage to the environment. Further we extend this biocatalytic cascade by its inclusion in a L-phenylalanine overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. This metabolically engineered strain produces cinnamyl alcohol in mineral media using a glycerol and glucose as carbon source. This study demonstrates the potential to establish green routes to the synthesis of cinnamyl alcohol from a waste stream such as glycerol derived, for example, from lipase treated biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Klumbys
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Ziga Zebec
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK, United Kingdom
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40
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Ju S, Qian M, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Chemoenzymatic Approach to (
S
)‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline Carboxylic Acids Employing D‐Amino Acid Oxidase. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ju
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Qian
- Tongli Biomedical Co., Ltd 1# Guotai North Road, Zhangjiagang Economic Development Zone Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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41
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Parmeggiani F, Rué Casamajo A, Walton CJW, Galman JL, Turner NJ, Chica RA. One-Pot Biocatalytic Synthesis of Substituted d-Tryptophans from Indoles Enabled by an Engineered Aminotransferase. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parmeggiani
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis J. W. Walton
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L. Galman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology (MIB), School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto A. Chica
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie-Curie, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Ramsden JI, Heath RS, Derrington SR, Montgomery SL, Mangas-Sanchez J, Mulholland KR, Turner NJ. Biocatalytic N-Alkylation of Amines Using Either Primary Alcohols or Carboxylic Acids via Reductive Aminase Cascades. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1201-1206. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy I. Ramsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel S. Heath
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha R. Derrington
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Mangas-Sanchez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Mulholland
- Chemical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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43
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Zhang D, Jing X, Zhang W, Nie Y, Xu Y. Highly selective synthesis of d-amino acids from readily available l-amino acids by a one-pot biocatalytic stereoinversion cascade. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29927-29935. [PMID: 35531513 PMCID: PMC9072125 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Amino acids are key intermediates required for the synthesis of important pharmaceuticals. However, establishing a universal enzymatic method for the general synthesis of d-amino acids from cheap and readily available precursors with few by-products is challenging. In this study, we constructed and optimized a cascade enzymatic route involving l-amino acid deaminase and d-amino acid dehydrogenase for the biocatalytic stereoinversions of l-amino acids into d-amino acids. Using l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) as a model substrate, this artificial biocatalytic cascade stereoinversion route first deaminates l-Phe to phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) through catalysis involving recombinant Escherichia coli cells that express l-amino acid deaminase from Proteus mirabilis (PmLAAD), followed by stereoselective reductive amination with recombinant meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (StDAPDH) to produce d-phenylalanine (d-Phe). By incorporating a formate dehydrogenase-based NADPH-recycling system, d-Phe was obtained in quantitative yield with an enantiomeric excess greater than 99%. In addition, the cascade reaction system was also used to stereoinvert a variety of aromatic and aliphatic l-amino acids to the corresponding d-amino acids by combining the PmLAAD whole-cell biocatalyst with the StDAPDH variant. Hence, this method represents a concise and efficient route for the asymmetric synthesis of d-amino acids from the corresponding l-amino acids. An efficient one-pot biocatalytic cascade was developed for synthesis of d-amino acids from readily available l-amino acids via stereoinversion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhang
- School of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Xiaoran Jing
- School of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
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44
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Schnepel C, Kemker I, Sewald N. One-Pot Synthesis of d-Halotryptophans by Dynamic Stereoinversion Using a Specific l-Amino Acid Oxidase. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schnepel
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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45
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Almhjell PJ, Boville CE, Arnold FH. Engineering enzymes for noncanonical amino acid synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8980-8997. [PMID: 30280154 PMCID: PMC6434697 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00665b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The standard proteinogenic amino acids grant access to a myriad of chemistries that harmonize to create life. Outside of these twenty canonical protein building blocks are countless noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs), either found in nature or created by man. Interest in ncAAs has grown as research has unveiled their importance as precursors to natural products and pharmaceuticals, biological probes, and more. Despite their broad applications, synthesis of ncAAs remains a challenge, as poor stereoselectivity and low functional-group compatibility stymie effective preparative routes. The use of enzymes has emerged as a versatile approach to prepare ncAAs, and nature's enzymes can be engineered to synthesize ncAAs more efficiently and expand the amino acid alphabet. In this tutorial review, we briefly outline different enzyme engineering strategies and then discuss examples where engineering has generated new 'ncAA synthases' for efficient, environmentally benign production of a wide and growing collection of valuable ncAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Almhjell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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46
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Deng G, Chen J, Sun W, Bian K, Jiang Y, Loh TP. Bioinspired Deamination of α
-Amino Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by a Palladium/Nickel Complex. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongtao Deng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Wangbin Sun
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Kehan Bian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; 637371 Singapore
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47
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Wanat W, Talma M, Hurek J, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Substituted phosphonic analogues of phenylglycine as inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from potatoes. Biochimie 2018; 151:119-127. [PMID: 29890205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphonic acid analogues of phenylglycine variously substituted in phenyl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards potato l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Most of the compounds appeared to act as moderate (micromolar) inhibitors of the enzyme. Analysis of their binding performed using molecular modeling have shown that they might be bound either in active site of the enzyme or in the non-physiologic site. The latter one is located in adjoining deep site nearby the to the entrance channel for substrate into active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wanat
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Talma
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Hurek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawełczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
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48
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Li W, Yang Y, Qiao C, Zhang G, Luo Y. Functional characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase- and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding genes from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine-producing plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1264-1279. [PMID: 29894786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Galanthamine (GAL), the well-known Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, is a clinically used drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. L-Phenylalanine (Phe) and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) were enzymatically transformed into the catechol portion of GAL. Herein, a Phe ammonia-lyase-encoding gene LrPAL3 and a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase-encoding gene LrC4H were cloned from Lycoris radiata, a GAL-producing plant. LrPAL3 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. LrPAL3 catalyzes the forward deamination conversion of L-Phe into trans-CA. The 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-L-Phe were deaminated to generate the corresponding 3-chloro- and 4-fluoro-trans-CA by LrPAL3. LrPAL3-catalyzed reverse hydroamination was confirmed by the conversion of trans-CA into L-Phe with exceptional regio- and stereo-selectivity. LrC4H was overexpressed in E. coli with tCamCPR, a cytochrome P450 reductase-encoding gene. LrC4H catalyzes the regioselective para-hydroxylation on trans-CA to form p-coumaric acid. The transcriptional levels of both LrPAL3 and LrC4H were positively associated with the GAL contents within the leaves and flowers of L. radiata, which suggested that their expression and function are co-regulated and involved in the biosynthesis of GAL. The present investigations on the biosynthetic genes of GAL will promote the development of synthetic biology platforms for this kind of important drug via metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Yang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Zhu L, Feng G, Ge F, Song P, Wang T, Liu Y, Tao Y, Zhou Z. One-Pot Enzymatic Synthesis of D-Arylalanines Using Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase and L-Amino Acid Deaminase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:75-89. [PMID: 29882193 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (AvPAL) from Anabaena variabilis catalyzes the amination of substituent trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) to produce racemic D,L-enantiomer arylalanine mixture owing to its low stereoselectivity. To produce high optically pure D-arylalanine, a modified AvPAL with high D-selectivity is expected. Based on the analyses of catalytic mechanism and structure, the Asn347 residue in the active site was proposed to control stereoselectivity. Therefore, Asn347 was mutated to construct mutant AvPAL-N347A, the stereoselectivity of AvPAL-N347A for D-enantiomer arylalanine was 2.3-fold higher than that of wild-type AvPAL (WtPAL). Furthermore, the residual L-enantiomer product in reaction solution could be converted into the D-enantiomer product through stereoselective oxidation by PmLAAD and nonselective reduction by reducing agent NH3BH3. At optimal conditions, the conversion rate of t-CA and optical purity (enantiomeric excess (eeD)) of D-phenylalanine reached 82% and exceeded 99%, respectively. The two enzymes displayed activity toward a broad range of substrate and could be used to efficiently synthesize D-arylalanine with different groups on the phenyl ring. Among these D-arylalanines, the yield of m-nitro-D-phenylalanine was highest and reached 96%, and the eeD exceeded 99%. This one-pot synthesis using AvPAL and PmLAAD has prospects for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbao Zhu
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Wang
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Food and Biotechnology, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Yugui Tao
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, 8 Zheshan Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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50
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Li K, Wang J, Wu K, Zheng D, Zhou X, Han W, Wan N, Cui B, Chen Y. Enantioselective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-ols and 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones via a sequential asymmetric hydroxylation/diastereoselective oxidation process using Rhodococcus equi ZMU-LK19. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3580-3584. [PMID: 28177033 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A cascade biocatalysis system involving asymmetric hydroxylation and diastereoselective oxidation was developed using Rhodococcus equi ZMU-LK19, which gave chiral 2-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-4-ols (2) (up to 57% isolated yield, 99 : 1 dr, and >99% ee) and chiral 2-substituted-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones (3) (up to 25% isolated yield, and >99% ee) from (±)-2-substituted-tetrahydroquinolines (1). In addition, a possible mechanism for this cascade biocatalysis was tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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